Tài liệu Câu điều kiện

LÝ THUYẾT VÀ BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Loại Mệnh đề phụ ( IF ) Mệnh đề chính 1A IF + S + V1/S/ES + ......, S + V1/S/ES + ...... 1B IF + S + V1/S/ES + ......, S + WILL V0 + ...... 2 3 IF + S + WERE / V2/ED S + WOULD V0 + ...... + ......, IF + S + HAD V3/ED + ......, HAD + S + V3/ED + ......, S + WOULD HAVE V3 + ...... /ED Lưu ý: Chữ IF: NẾU; chữ UNLESS: NẾU KHÔNG; chữ OR:... HOẶC LÀ...... NẾU KHÔNG/ ... NẾU KHÔNG... Do đó: 1) IF + Mệnh đề khẳng định = UNLESS + Mệnh đề phủ định 2) IF + Mệnh đề phủ định = UNLESS + Mệnh đề khẳng định Cách dịch đối với câu dùng UNLESS / OR: 1) Nếu UNLESS ( hoặc OR) đặt đầu câu thì dịch mệnh đề chính ( mệnh đề bên phải dấu phẩy) trước. 2) Nếu UNLESS ( hoặc OR) đặt giữa câu thì dịch từ trái qua phải. Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau với các các từ ở trong ngoặc câu điều kiện loại 1 2 3 1) If we meet at 9:30, we...........(to have) plenty of time. 2) Lisa would find the milk if she...........(to look) in the fridge. 3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she...........(to feed) the animals. 4) If you spoke louder, your classmates...........(to understand) you. 5) Dan...........(to arrive) safe if he drove slowly. 6) You...........(to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework. 7) If you...........(to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold. 8) The door will unlock if you...........(to press) the green button. 9) If Mel...........(to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions. 10) I...........(to call) the office if I was/were you. Bài tập 2 về câu điều kiện loại 1 1) If we...........(to send) an invitation, our friends...........(to come) to our party. 2) He...........(not/to understand) you if you (to whisper). 3) They...........(not/to survive) in the desert if they...........(not/to take) extra water with them. 4) If you...........(to press) CTRL + s, you...........(to save) the file. 5) You...........(to cross) the Channel if you...........(to fly) from Paris to London. 6) Fred...........(to answer) the phone if his wife (to have) a bath. 7) If Claire...........(to wear) this dress at the party, our guests...........(not/to stay) any longer. 8) If I...........(to touch) this snake, my girlfriend...........(not/to scream). 9) She...........(to forget) to pick you up if you (not/to phone) her. 10) I...........(to remember) you if you...........(to give) me a photo. Bài tập 3: Câu điều kiện loại 2 1) If you...........(to help) your grandma, I...........(to do) the shopping. 2) Andrew...........(to water) the flowers if he...........(to stay) at home. 3) If she...........(to have) 5 pounds more, she...........(to buy) herself this T-shirt. 4) If they...........(to offer) me the job, I...........(to take) it. 5) You...........(to have) summer holidays from June till August if you...........(to live) in the USA. 6) We...........(to sell) the bike for 20 Euros if Ron...........(to repair) it. 7) If you...........(to use) a pencil, the drawing...........(to be) perfect. 8) The children...........(to be) happy if he...........(to teach) them English. 9) If Ireen...........(to visit) us, we...........(to go) out tonight. 10) They...........(to come) again if he...........(to plan) a second stay. BT3:CÂU ĐK LOẠI 3 1) If you...........(to check) the car, it (not/to break) down in the middle of the desert. 2) If it...........(not/to rain), the children (to play) outside. 3) If my parents...........(not/to be) so tired, they...........(to watch) the film on TV. 4) If she...........(to buy) a new hard disk, she...........(not/to lose) all data. 5) If we...........(to use) the town map, we...........(not/to get) lost. 6) If Tom...........(to eat) more salad, he (not/to catch) a cold. 7) If the police...........(not/to stop) me, I...........(to reach) you in time. 8) If his older brother...........(not/to drive) so fast, he........... (not/to crash) into the other car. 9) If Fred...........(not/to cheat) at the test, his teacher........... (not/to phone) his father. 10) If I...........(not/to switch off) the radio, I...........(to know) about the second goal. Bài tập câu trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện © 1-If I ……….the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have. A-have B-would have C-had had D-should have 2-I………you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital. A-would have visited B-visited C-had visited D-visit 3-………more help,I could call my neighbor. A-needed B-should I need C-I have neeeded D-I should need 4-………then what I know today,I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years. A-had I known B-did I know C-If I know D- If I would know 5-Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people…….the same language? A-spoke B-speak C-had spoken D-will speak 6-If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, ……this incident again. A- I will never mention B-I never mention C-will I never mention D-I don’t mention 7-I didn’t know you were asleep.Otherwise,I…….so much noise when I came in. A-didn’t make B-wouldn’t have made C-won’t make D-don’t make 8-Unless you ……all of my questions,I can’t do anything to help you. A-answered B-answer C-would answer D-are answering 9-Had you told me that this was going to happen, I…….it. A-would have never believed B-don’t believe C-hadn’t believed D-can’t believe 10-If Jake……..to go on the trip, would you have gone? A-doesn’t agree B-didn’t agree C-hadn’t agree D-wouldn’t agree 11-When I stopped talking,Sam finished my sentence for me as though he …..my mind. A-would read B-had read C-reads D-can read 12-if you……., I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch T.V,but I didn’t want to bother you. A-had studied B-studied C-hadn’t been studying D-didn’t study 13-I wish I…….you some money for your rent,but I’m broke myself. A-can lend B-would lend C-could lend D-will lend 14-If someone ……in to the store,smile and say, “May I help you?” A-comes B-came C-would come D-could come 15-“Here ‘s my phone number”. “Thanks.I ‘ll give you a call if I …….some help tomorrow” A-will need B-need C-would need D-needed 16-If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I….in a bank. A-work B-will work C-have worked D-would be working 17-The deathrate would decrease if hygienic conditions …… improved. A-was B-is C-were d-had been 18-The education in Japan……..if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration. A-would go down B-would have gone down C-went down Dhad gone down 19-If there…….the ricefields could have been more productive. A-had been enough water B-were enough water C-would be enough water D-are enough water 20-the patient could not recover unless he ……an operation. A-had undergone B-would undergo C-underwent D-was undergoing 21-If she …..him,she would be very happy. A-would meet B-will meet C-is meeting D-should meet 22-If he …..a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post. A-had had B-had C-has D-has had 23-If I had enough money,I……abroad to improve my English. A-will go B-would go C-should go D-should have go to 24-The A-stood bench would B-stand collapse if they……on it. C-standing D-stands 25-If it……convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight, A-be B-is C-was D-were 26-If A-have you……time, B-had please C-have write had to me. D-has 27-I shouldn’t go there A-am B-was 28-If A-can I 29-If A-did you …….get a B-could had the B-may at I ….you. D-were I will C-may go fishing. D-might chance,…….you C-would go fishing? D-do pole, night C-be if 30-If you …..a choice, which country would you visit? A-have B-had C-have had D-will have 31-She will acept A-unless B-because the offer if you persuade her. C-provided that D-otherwise 32-If he were here,he would accompany you on the piano. A-Supposing he were here B-because he were here C-were he here D-Both Aand C 33-If she had gone abroad, she would have let you know. A-had gone she abroad B-had she gone abroad C-Because she had gone abroad D-while she had gone abroad 34-Trees A-if won’t grow…….there is enough B-when C-unless 35-……….she agreed, A-if B-had you would have C-should water. D-as done it. D-would 36-If he hadn’t wasted too much time , he ……in his examination. A-would fail B-wouldn’t fail C-wouldn’t have failed D-won’t fail 37-If I had taken that English course, I…….much progress. A-had made B-would have made C-made D-would make 38-If I were in your place, I….a trip to England. A-will make B-had made C-would make D-made 39-If you inherited a million pounds,what…….with the money? A-do you do B-will you do C-would you do D-are you going to do 40-If you……..as I told you, you…….in such predicament now. A-Did/would not be B-had done/had not been C-do/would not be D-had done /would not be 41-Come and work for my company iif you…….better to do. A-have nothing B-will have nothing C-had something D-had nothing 42-If you had done as I told you ,I think you………. A-would succeed B-would have succeeded C-could succed Dhad succeeded 43-If he had got half a mark more, he ……in the exam. A-wouldn’t fail B-wouldn’t have failed C-won’t fail D-won’t be failing 44-If it……… tomorrow, A-rains B-will rain we may postpone going. C-shall rain D-raining 45-If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you…… sleepy now. A-wouldn’t have been B-wouldn’t be C-might have not been D-would’t have been being 46 - If you …….as I told you, you ……….sorry now. A-did/would not be B-had done/had not been C-do /would not be D-had done/would not be 47-If A-am I………I will staying B-will stay let C-do you know . stay D-would stay 48-“Are you thinking about going to the Bahamas for the hollidays?” “No,but if I ……the time , I would definitely go” A-have B-had C-have had D-would have 49-“It’s really raining” “Yes.If the weather……, we’ll have to camp somewhere else”. A-would get worse B-might get worse C-get worse D-should get worse 50-“Why did you only send twenty dollats in the mail?” “If I had had more money, I ……..given you more.” A-will have B-would have C-would D-have 51-“My boss “If I A-would quit made me work overtime were you,I……….my B-will quit C-must quit again”. job”. D-quit 52-“Thanks for your help”. “…….want more information,call again tomorrow”. A-were you B-had you to C-might you D- should you 53-“Remember the day I drove you to the airport?”. “If you hadn’t ……me ,I would have been late”. A-take B-taking C-took D-taken 54-“Sally finally got here from Chicago”. “If she had come earlier,we……taken her to the play”. A-would be B-would have C-had have D-would had 55-“I don’t know whether to take that mathematics course or not”. “If ………you, I’d take it”. A-I am B-I will be C-I had been you D-I were 56-“My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus”. “………,we would have picked you up”. A-had we known B-if we have known C-we had known D-if we did know 57-“It’s beginning to rain”. “……..,we won’t be able to finish the ball game”. A-If it stops B-should it stop C-unlees it stops D-if it didn’t stop 58-“Did you need help with your math last night?”. “If I had, I………you”. A-would call B-called C-would have called D-will call 59-“I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do”. “……..what you want and I can get it for you”. A-tell me B-if you would say me C-you will tell to me D-if you tell me 60-“John went to the hospital alone”, “If …….,Iwould have gone with him”. A-had he told me B-he had told me C -he has told me D-he would tell me BT : Hãy chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất (A, B, C hoặc D) cho mỗi câu tương ứng dưới đây: 1.If the train is late, we………………….. to the office. A) walk B) will walk C) would walk 2.She…………………….. if she has time. D) walks A) calls B) would call C) will call D) calling 3.If it…………………..…. too much, I will buy the smaller one. A) costs B) will cost C) would cost D) cost 4.If the class……………………….. full, we will find another one. A) are B) will be C) were D) is 5.What will we do if the taxi…………………….….? A) don’t come not come B) didn’t come C) doesn’t come D) had 6.If it snowed this summer, we…………………… skiing. A) goes B) will go C) would go D) go 7.If you drove more carefully, you…………..……..so many accidents. A) would not have B) will not have has C) wouldn’t have had D) 8.If he……………..………… up earlier, he’d get to work on time. A) gets B) will get C) got D) had got 9.I would tell you more about it if we……………………………… more time. A) has B) will have C) have D) had 10. If I……………….…….you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university. A) am been 11. some. B) be C) were D) had If you………………….…….. any money, I’d give you A) hadn’t had have B) haven’t had C) don’t have D) didn’t 12. You’d earn more money if you…………………. more products. A) to sell sell B) sell C) sold D) will 13. If I……………………. so busy yesterday, I would have visited you. A) were not been B) wasn’t C) aren’t D) hadn’t 14. If you had seen the film, you………….……… it. A) will enjoy enjoyed B) would have enjoyed C) would enjoy D) 15. She would have gone to the university if she……………… the opportunity. A) has B) will have C) had had D) had 16. If he had been more careful, he…………….…………. an accident. A) would not have had B) will not have C) does not have D) would not have 17. If you’d stayed at home, there …………………………. any trouble. A) would not be have been 18. D) would not B) will resign C) resigns D) to I’ll do it if he…………………….……. me. A) asking 20. C) is not What would you do if he………………….…… tomorrow? A) resigned resign 19. B) will not be B) will ask C) asked D) asks If you…………..…….. for the car, we’d be able to sell it. A) look looked B) looks C) looked D) had 21. I wouldn’t have believed it if I………………… it with my own eyes. A) not to see seen 22. B) didn’t see C) don’t see D) hadn’t What ………….… if you found a burglar in your house? A) will you do B) do you do C) would you do D) you do 23. If you………………….…… more slowly, he might have understood you. A) spoke speak B) speak C) speaks D) to 24. If you…………………. careful, you will cut yourself with that knife. A) are not 25. one. C) be not B) doesn’t like C) not like D) to like If I ............... him, I………………………….. him a lift. A) see/ would giveB) saw/ will give C) see/ will give will give 27. D) not be If she……………………this one, I will bring her another A) don’t like 26. B) were not D) had seen/ The table .......................... if you……………………. on it. A) will collapse/ stand B) would collapse/ stand C) would have collapsed/ stood D) collapses/ had stood 28. sick. If he………………… all those fruits, he ............................. A) eat / will get C) had eaten/ would get 29. once. B) eats/ will get D) ate/ would have got If I .............. your passport, I…………..……….. you at A) found/ will telephone telephone 30. A) arrest arrested 31. eyes. A) read B) find/ would telephone C) had found/ would have D) find/ will telephone The police…………………… him if they catch him. B) would arrest C) will arrest D) If he………………. in such a pale light, he will ruin his B) reads C) to read D) reading 32. Someone………………………. your car if you leave it unlocked. A) steal steal 33. B) will steal C) stole D) would What will happen if my parachute……………………….? A) hadn’t opened B) won’t open open C) doesn’t open D) didn’t 34. If he………… my car more carefully, I................................. him $10. A) washes/ would give C) washed/ will give have given 35. If you……………… away, I’ll send for the police at once. A) don’t go 36. mistakes. B) not go C) didn’t go D)hadn’t I.............................. very angry if he………… any more A) am/ made be/ makes 37. B) washes/ will give D) washes/ would B) were/ made C) would be/ makes D) will If he…………… late, we ............................ without him. A) comes/ would go C) had come/ would go B) comes/ will go D) came/ will go 38. If we .............. the car here, it……….............……. in anybody’s way. A) leave/ will be B) leaves/will be left/ will be 39. once. C) left/ will be D) had He ................................. late for the train if he………..…. at A) would be/ doesn’t start start 40. B) will be/ doesn’t start C) would have been/ didn’t D) is / hadn’t started If you ................... late, they……………………. you in. A) arrive/ would not let B) arrived/ wouldn’t let C) had arrived/ wouldn’t let D) to arrive/ would not let 41. Unless he………………….. more, he won’t get much commission. A) sell 42. B) sells C) sold D) selling If I ................... you $10, when ………………………. me? A) lend/ would you repay B) lend/ will you repay C) lent/ will you repay D) lend/ would you have repaid 43. If he………………. hard today, ....................................... a holiday tomorrow? A) worked/ can he have B) work/ he can have C) works/ can he have D) had worked/ he can have 44. Ice………………… into water unless you heat it. A) don’t turn turned 45. B) doesn’t turn C) would turn D) would have If you………………… this one, I’ll bring you another. A) doesn’t like like B) will not like C) don’t like D) didn’t 46. Unless you ................ more careful, you………………… an accident. A) are/ will have B) were/ will have C) had been/ would have D) be/ have 47. If I tell you a secret, ………………. you promise not to tell it to anyone else? A) would 48. B) did C) will D) have If you…………………….. what I say, ask your mother. A) not believe believe B) not to believe C) didn’t believe D) don’t 49. Unless I .............. a quiet room, I………………not be able to do any work. A) had/ will would have B) have/ will 50. She ..................not she………………… who it was. A) will/ knew knows B) will/ knows C) has/ would have open the D) had had/ door C) would/ knew unless D) does/ 51. If I .............. a typewriter now, I……………….………. this contract by myself. A) have/ would type C) had/ would type 52. B) have/ will type D) had had/ would have typed Unless I…………….……. his address, I’d give it to you. A) didn’t know/ will give given would give B) don’t know/ would have C) knew/ D) know/ will give 53. He…………………………. a lot better if he ...................... more often years back. A) would have looked/ shaved C) looks/ shave shaved B) will look/ shaved D) would have looked/ had 54. If you……………… you ................................. so much. A) plays/ would lose will have been losing played/ won’t lose lost for lower stakes, B) play/ C) D) had played/ wouldn’t have 55. Unless he worked more slowly, he………………....... so many mistakes. A) would make 56. B) will make C) wouldn’t make D) won’t make I wouldn’t drink that wine if I……………… you. A) were B) am C) had been D) be 57. More tourists ……………. to this country unless it……… a better climate. A) would come/ had wouldn’t come/ had C) wouldn’t come/ didn’t have 58. If you ……………. you………………… able to get out. B) D) would come/ didn’t have your car into A) drive/ weren’t B) drove/ wouldn’t be will be D) drive/ wouldn’t be 59. drove/ B) are belonging C) had belong D) didn’t What ………………….. if you found a burglar in your A) do you do would do 61. C) river, If you………………….to a union, you couldn’t get a job. A) don’t belong belong 60. house? the B) you do C) would you do D) He might get fat unless he………………… smoking. A) kept on addicted B) stopped C) accepted D) you 62. you do? If you……………………. someone drowning what would A) see B) seen C) had seen D) saw 63. I………………. ruined her if I bought her everything she asked for. A) were be 64. degree. B) will be C) would have been D) would I …………………… a job easily if I………..……. a A) could get/ have B) can get/ had get/ had had C) could get/ had D) can 65. The whole machine …………………. into pieces if you………. that screw quickly. A) felt/ remove B) will fall/ removed fall/ removed D) would fall/ remove 66. route. C) would I’d go and see him more often if he……………….. on a bus A) lives B) lived C) had lived D) living 67. What would you have done if the lift……… struck between two floors at that time. A) had got B) got C) gets D) getting 68. If you knew you had only six weeks to live, how ………………. such a short span? A) did you spend B) will you spend you spend D) would you have spend C) would 69. I’d climb over the wall if there…………..so much broken glass on top of it. A) were B) had been 70. Unless I had known I…………………….. you. A) will visit D) don’t visit C) are that you D) is were B) would have visited in hospital, C) visit 71. You would have seen my garden at its best if you……………… here last week. A) were B) are C) had been D) be 72. I shouldn’t have believed it if I…………………… it with my own eyes. A) had seen see B) saw C) hadn’t seen D) didn’t 73. If I………………. a map, I …………………………….. the way to the Post Office. A) had had/ would have lost B) had had/ wouldn’t have lost C) had/ won’t lose D) have/ wouldn’t have 74. a cake. If I…………………. that you were coming, I’d have baked A) know know 75. B) knew C) had known D) didn’t Had you left that wasp alone, it………………… you. A) would have stung wouldn’t sting C) wouldn’t have stung B) D) would sting 76. Unless I ……………that the traffic lights were red, I……………..…………... A) had realized/ would have stopped B) had realized/ wouldn’t have stopped C) realized/ would stopD) realize/ will not stop 77. If you ……… me that he had never paid his debts, I………………… him the money. A) had told/ wouldn’t have lent been lent will not lend 78. there. B) had told/ wouldn’t have C) tell/ D) told/ would lend If you………………, he wouldn’t have known that we were A) didn’t sneeze sneezed B) won’t sneezed C) doesn’t sneeze D) hadn’t 79. If you……............ some mustard in the sandwiches, they would have tasted better. A) put B) puts C) had put D) putting 80. The hens………………………. into the house if you had shut the door. A) couldn’t get not get B) couldn’t have got D) doesn’t get C) will 81. Had you known that the river was dangerous, he……................. to swim across it. A) would have tried B) would try not try D) wouldn’t have tried C) will 82. ……………..………. more slowly, he might have understood you. A) Had you spoken speak D) If you spoke B) Did you speak C) If you 83. Or he had known the whole story, he……………….....so angry. A) would have been wouldn’t be D) would be B) wouldn’t have been C) 84. Or you had been in such a hurry, you…………… sugar into the sauce instead of salt. A) will not put put B) would put C) wouldn’t have put D) 85. If I…………….. ready when he called, he would have taken me with him. A) were been B) be C) am D) had 86. Unless you…................ at the engine for a moment, you would have seen what was missing. A) hadn’t looked B) didn’t look C) look D) looked 87. Daisy……………… by her enemies or the geese had cackled so loudly. A) would have been captured B) wouldn’t captured have been captured D) won’t have been captured 88. He would have been arrested he…………………. to leave the country. A) doesn’t try tried B) tries by the C) had tried have C) policemen been will or D) hadn’t 89. I………………………… a taxi if I .............................. that it was a long way. A) will take/ realizes take/ doesn’t realize wouldn’t have taken/ had realized B) would C) D) wouldn’t take/ realized 90. Unless you ................... they……………………… a party for you. A) pass/ won’t celebrate C) pass/ will celebrate celebrate the examination, B) passed/ won’t celebrate D) had passed/ would 91. I should have voted for her if I……………………. a vote then. A) didn’t have B) had C) had had D) have 92. If you go to Paris, where …………………………….? A) will you stay you stayed B) you stayed C) did you stay 93. The flight may be cancelled fog……………………………….. thick. A) got get B) gets D) had unless the C) didn’t get D) doesn’t 94. If you……………the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong questions. A) read B) had read C) reads D) to read 95. I could repair the roofs myself if I……………………. a long ladder. A) have had B) had C) has D) had D) had 96. Unless they turn that radio off, I…………………. mad. A) go gone B) went C) will go 97. We’ll have a long way to walk if we………………… out of petrol here. A) got get B) get C) didn’t get D) don’t