nha. Tit day, vi^c hpc cai tot thi rat kho, nhung hpc dieu xau thi lai ra't de boj
"nghe quen tai, noi quen mi#ng". Chac chan 161 noi cua nguoi Ion se anh
huang rat Ion den ngon ngir ciia gioi tre. Ciing mgt phan do hpc sinh tiep XUQ
vol nhieu phan t u xau trong xa hoi hoac hpc sinh ca bift. Cung c6 the la do rioj
quen mi^ng, khi tro thanh thoi quen rat kho bo. Phia nha truong chua c6
nhCrng sy tac dpng tich cue den vi?c giao dye hpc sinh.
T u tac hai va nhCrng nguyen nhan tren, ta tha'y can phai c6 nhimg bi^n phap
de khac phuc tinh trang noi tuc chui the nay. Truoc het la trong gia dinh, cha
phai can trong vai tung loi noi ciia minh. Phai giao due tre, de tre khorig
giao du voi cac thanh phan xau. Trong truong lap thi can phai to chuc them
nhieu hoat dpng Doan, Dpi lanh manh de cac em v u i choi, giao l i m hpc hoi
nhung dieu tot dep. Ban than moi nguai can ren luy^n nhan each pham gia ciia
minh de tranh xa nhung thoi h u tat xau.
Tir do moi nguoi can rut ra cho minh bai hpc de khpng dinh vao nhu-ng tac
hai o tren. N h u ren luyen nhan each, ban ITnh; tham gia vao cac sinh hoat van
hcSa lanh manh. Trau doi ngon ngij chuan muc. Hpc tap 161 song lanh manh,
van minh. An noi Ijch s\r, doi xir hoa nha voi ban be. Dae bi^t la c6 y thuc giu
gin su trong sang cua Tieng Vi^t.
Tom lai, noi tuc chui the la mot hi?n tupng xau, c6 nhieu tac hai anh huong
Ion den moi truong hpc duong va doi song xa hpi. M p i ca nhan va tap the can
len an, da'u tranh va loai bo thoi xau ay ra khoi moi truong song ciia chiing ta.
Vi mpt moi truong hoe duong van minh, tat ca hay noi K H O N G voi "Noi tuc
ehiri the".
De 6: Viet bai van ngdn (khodng 600 tic) ban vehien tuang hi^ nay c6 rat
nhieu nusinh khoe than tren cac trang mang nhuFaceBook, Twister...
BAI L A M
Neu CO ai hoi: Van nan hpc duong la gi? Xin thua, do chinh la nhiing "trao
luu chet nguoi" ciia cac ban tre ngay nay, c6 the ke den nhu bao lue hoc
duong, nan quay cop trong thi cu hay thoi vang tuc chui the, vv
Trong do,
Chac han cai ten Le Huyen Anh chi can nhac den thoi ai cung bie't. Mpt c6 sinh
yien khoa Thiet ke npi that cua mpt trucmg D H a Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh xuat
tjian t u manh da't Ngh^ A n ngheo kho. Khong bie't thanh tich hpc tap ciia c6 ay ra
gao nhung miic dp noi tiehg ciia c6 ban thi khoi phai ban cai. Huyen Anh da tung
^ i m g buc hinh ban Nude ctia minh len mang, kem theo do la nhihig video ban
ve giao dye gioi tuih voi kieh thuc chuyen mon sai l^eh hoan toan.Va cung chinh
vi nhirng "thanh tich" do, Huyen Anh da tro thanh mpt cai ten kha noi trong cpng
dong mang, ma chii yeu mpi nguoi "khen thi it, che thi nhieu".
Tu minh chung 6 tren, ta c6 the thay hi^n tupng khoe than tren mang xa hpi
dang la mpt trao luu mod me trong gioi tre, chii yeu la cac ban nix, nhung it ai
nhan thuc dupe nhCing tac hai khon luong ma no dang va se de lai. Truoc het,
rnang xa hpi la noi tap trung dong diic ciia cac ban tre, noi ma "nguoi tot thi
nhieu nhung ke xau cung khong it". Vi^c khoe than a day ra't de bi nhiing k6
xau Ipi dyng voi muc dich vy Ipi ehp ban than minh. Dien hinh la v y vi^e mpt
nu sinh 6 Ha N p i truoc ngay thi Dai hpc da t y t u bang each uo'ng thuo'c di#t c6
VI bi mpt so ban trai trong lop ghep anh vao hinh mpt CP gai an mac ho hang.
Canh cua Dai hpc dang mo ra truoc mat bong nhien dong sam lai v o l c6 b^n
tre v i lien quan toi nhimg buc hinh khoe than tren mang.
Chua dung lai 6 do, hanh dpng khpe than da gay ra nhiing npi dau ve the
chat va tinh than, nhu np da gay ra voi c6 ban nix sinh 6 tren, cho dii chi la
nhiing buc anh v6 tinh bi gan ghep. Hon the ni>a, neu ehiing kien canh eon
minh c6 nhiing hinh anh nhay cam tren mang thi c6 le nhiing bac lam cha, lam
la nhiing nguoi chiu ton that Ion nhat. Cac ban tre da lam xau di hinh
tupng d?p trong mat gia dinh, ban be, t y danh mat nhan each, gia tri cua ban
than va t y khien minh bi mpi nguoi xa lanh. V6 hinh dung, cac ban da danh
mat di nhiing gia tri thuan phong m l tuc trong nen van hoa phuong Dong, noi
chua dyng nhiing ban sac van hoa dan tpe to't d?p can dupe gin g i i i va phat
huy. Do cung chinh la nhif m vy ciia moi nguoi tre tuoi ngay hom nay.
Nhiing tac hai to Ion d tren, l i ^ u ban than ciia moi nguoi da va dang c6
hanh v i khoe than tren mang nhan thuc dupe? Va nh3e tai nguyen nhan gay ra
hi^n tupng khoe than tren cac trang mang xa hpi, dac bift la tiJ- cac ban nix, <^~^
hi^n tupng tren thi c6 v6 so', nhung toi xin tom gpn vao nhiing nguyen nhan
chinh sau day.
va dang tro thanh mpt van de gay nhuc nhpi trong xa hpi thoi gian qua.
Truoc het ta can phai hieu "khoe than tren mang xa hpi" la gi? Neu do i<^^
thuan chi la nhOng bue hinh d?p cua moi nguoi luu lai nhirng khoanh khSc,
niem kho quen thi khong dang ban lam gi. Nhung 6 day cac ban tre lai thicl^
"choi noi" bang each chup hinh Nude ho$e ban Nude de khoe than the cu^
minh tren trang ca nhan nham keu gpi mpi nguoi "vua xem,vua iing ho ;
NhOng buc hinh nhu the ngay nay tran Ian tren cac trang m^ng xa hpi - 1 " ^ '
Thii nhat, gioi tre hien nay qua hi§n dai va luon c6 xu huang muo'n dupe
'Aung to minh. Thay v i chuyen tam hpc hanh, cac ban qua mai me du nhap nen
^in hoa phuong Tay ma danh mat gia tri ban sac ciia nguai phuong Dong. Moi
'^an tpc CO nen van hoa truyen thong khac nhau, gioi tre da khong bie't each chpn
'"Jc nhiing kieh thiic tp't d?p de ap dyng ma thay vap dp la bSt ehuoc, lam theo
'^irng xu the trai ngupe han voi ban chat eon nguoi da't nude minh.
"van hoa pham" can dupe len an manh me!
480
/Id
Thu- hai, tam li muo'n dup-c noi tieng va qua tyt tin vao chinh mlnh da lam 1^
ma li tri ciia cac ban. Mot Happy Polla gay dugc nhieu svr chii y boi each an
mac ty tin thai qua, mpt Can Lp LQ noi tieng khSp mpi noi tu nhCrng trang
phyc v6 cung kifm vai, nhimg con nguoi nhu the da gay ra nhung anh huong
xau doi vai giai tre, tu do hinh thanh mpt can b§nh "khoe than" kho chu^
trong cpng dong.
Thu ba, the h^ tre chua dupe vrang bi nhung ki nang song thich hop
thi'ch nghi voi moi truong song xung quanh. Sv "ngheo nan kl nang" do phaj
ke den khau quan li giao dye yeu kem trong nha truong, noi luon mai me vun
dip kien thuc van hoa cho hpc sinh ma quen mat vif c boi duang ki nang song
con quan trong gap bpi Ian. Mat khac, nhung ong bo ba me dang ngay dem
kiem tien de xay dung mpt cupc song tot cho con cai mai sau khong nhan thiic
dupe rang su thieu hut tinh cam yeu thuong, quan tam cham soc cua ho danh
cho eon da khien cac ban tre lac vao nhiing cam bay ciia xa hoi. Chinh nhijng
nguyen nhan do da lam cho gioi tre c6 nhirng suy nghl, hanh vi l?eh lac va dan
dan toi nhiing hanh vi khong d?p trong cpng dpng.
Tu nhiing nhan djnh tren, mpi ban tre nen nhin nh^n lai ban than va hanh vi
eua minh de xay dvmg mpt hinh tupng d^p trong xa hpi, dac biet la gin giu net
duyen dang, diu dang aia nguoi phu nu Vi^t Nam - mpt net dep rieng khong the
trpn Ian 6 dau tren the gioi. Hon theniia, cac ban dung de hanh dpng khoe than
khong d^p ciia minh de lam anh huong den gia tri ciia ban than, gia dinh va xa
hpi. Mat khac, gia dinh va nha truong can quan tam nhieu hon den tam tu tinh
cam aia moi ban tre, dinh huong cac ban di theo mpt loi song diing dan. Quan
trpng hon, nha nuac can c6 nhung che tai nghiem khac de ngan chan nhCing hanh
vi, hinh anh khoe than - nhung thu dang boi nhp chinh xa hpi chiing ta.
Nude khong xau. Muc dich aia Nude la co'ng hien cho ngh§ thuat, cho moi
truong,vv...vi nhirng muc dich dep cho xa hpi. Bang chung la da c6 rat nhieu
nghe sT, nguoi mau cp'ng hien than the minh vi loi ich chung aia xa hoi. Cac
ban tre hay nen nhin lai va suy ngam hanh dpng aia minh, lifu nhiing buc
hinh ay c6 gui gam nhii-ng thong diep tot d^p? Vang! Vi mpt mpi truong trong
sach, lanh manh, hay noi khong voi "khoe than tren mang".
(Chu Anh Tuyel, L&p 12 truong THPT Ngd Quyen. Dong hlai)
C. DANG
H Q P HAI M A T T6T - xAu
T R O N G M O T VAM
* Dang de nay la dang de thi thuong xuat hi^n trong ky thi DH - CD tu nai^
2009 cho deh nay. Thuong nhiing dang de nay la dang de nghj luan ve mot ttf
tuong dao ly. Van de dupe chp trong de thi bao gia cung c6 mot mat phai va m'
mlt trai (To t - Xau). Vi v^y khi lam bai ta phai bam theo cau tnic sau:
482
» CAUTRUCDANY
^"
I. M 6 BAI: neu van de
II. THAN BAI
1. Giai thich: giai thich 2 ve^ giai thich ea cau.
2. Ban luan
a. Trinh bay y nghia tac dyng aia mat tot (thuong la ve 1)
b. Trinh bay tac hai aia mat xau (thuong ve 2)
3. Bai hpc nhan thuc va hanh dpng
III. KET BAI
* Vi d\i: de thi DH kho'i D nam 2012.
'^i ra:Viet bdi van ngan (khodng 600 tit) ban vey kien: "Nguang mo than
tuang Id mot net d^p van hoa, nhung me muoi than tuang Id mot thdm hQa".
(Dethi DH khoi D nam 2012)
HI/6NGDAN
I. MO BAI
Trong cupc song aia moi nguoi, ai ciing c6 cho minh mpt than tupng de
udc mo va vuon toi. Than tupng ay eo the la mpt doanh nhan thanh dat, mpt
ca nhac sT, hay chi la nguoi me, nguoi cha trong gia dinh. Nhung eo mpt bp
phan lop tre bay gio lai me man nhCrng than tupng Kpop de roi quen an, quen
ngii, quen ea hpc hanh. Vi vay c6 y kien cho rang "Nguong mp than tupng la
mpt net dep van hoa, nhung me mupi than tupng la mpt tham hpa". Dieu do
diing ehang ?
i
II. THAN BAI
1. Giai thich:
- Nguang mp than tugmg la su ton kinh, men phye nong nhi?t danh cho
Bnhirng doi tupng dupe xem la hinh mau li tuang hoac c6 quyen nang dac bi?t,
• c 6 sue cuon hut manh me doi voi ea nhan hay cpng dong; me mupi than hrgmg
B a sy say me, ton siing mpt each mu quang, thieu tinh tao truac than tupng.
H
- Ve npi dung, y kien nay de cap den tinh hai m^t aia vi?c say me than
• u p n g : neu nguang mp diing muc la tich eye, thi nguang mp qua muc la tieu
^Kyc va CO the con gay ra hau qua khon luong.
V
2. Ban luan
m b. Nguang mp than tug^ng la mpt net d?p van hoa: Vi ngudng mp than
• t u p n g the hien nhu cau van hoa cao aia con nguoi: nhu cau dupe song trong
• i h i i n g tinh cam cao ea, nong nhif t; nhu cau dupe huong toi, vuon tai nhung
tam cao, nhung dinh cao sang gia aia doi song. V i dy, nguong mp cac doanh
nhan thanh dat minh c6 the hpc tap 6 hp due tinh can cu trong nghien cihi va
lao dpng, hpc each lam giau, hpc each vupt qua kho khan t h u thach. Hpe 6
nguoi bo' ngudi m? due tinh nhan nai, due hi sinh tham lang v i gia dinh. N6i
chung, nguong mp than tupng giiip ta song nhan ban hon. 6 n g Doan Nguyen
Due, nguoi giau nhat Vi^t Nam timg thi rat D H den 4 Ian, timg lam nhieu vi^c
n | n g nhpc de kiem song. Nhung nhd no luc vupt kho vuon len va tro thanh ty
phii bac nhat cua Vi?t Nam. Nick Vujicie, khong tay, khong chan nhung vuon
len tro thanh dien gia noi tieng tren the gioi...
- Nguong mp than tupng la mpt lirig xu van hoa, bieu hi^n a cac phuong
di^n: thai dp tran trpng men phuc; hanh dpng ton vinh c6 v i i ; ngon ngu ca
ngpi tan duang. Khi men mp than tupng, chiing ta thuong song trong nhung
tinh cam luon huong toi nhiJng dieu cao d^p. Lam gi sai trai hoac hpc hanh sa
S l i t ngay lap tiic minh ciing cam thay c6 l o i . T u do t u minh phai biet sua chua
va khac phuc. Tinh cam ta danh cho than tupng la thu tinh cam nguong mp
chan thanh va kham phuc chu khong phai la t h u tinh cam on ao, x6 bo.
b. Me m u p i than tugng la mpt tham hpa : V i me mupi than tupng la trang
thai m i l quang trong nhan thuc, thai qua trong tinh cam, khong con kha nang
suy xet, phan bi$t diing sai, Ian Ipn ve gia tri; me mupi than tupng con dan den
hanh dpng sai lam qua khich, gay ra nhijng hau qua t? hai cho htn than va xa
hpi. Nam 2010 khi danh thii Braxin la Ronandinho sang Viet Nam, ban tre o
Ha Npi da x6 vao, nam toe, keo ao than tupng lam cho than tupng phai nho an
ninh can thi?p. Xem nhom Super Junio bieu dien 6 Sai Gon, nhieu Fan cuong
da khoc 16c, nga't xiu... Do con la each an mac dj hpm, each d i dung, each de
toe cua mpt bp phan gioi tre that chang gio'ng nguoi ehiit nao.
-
Vi?c m i l quang chay theo than tupng hay khuyech truong than tupng
qua muc deu la bieu hi^n cua sy me mupi than tupng, deu la nhiing thai dp va
ung xir thieu lanh manh, t h | m chi thieu van hoa, c6 the gay ra nhihig hau qua
khon luang.
3. Bai hpc nhan thuc va hanh d p n g :
-
Can CO nhan thuc diing dan ve vi^c nguong mp than tupng va luong
dupe nhihig hau qua ciia su me mupi de eo thai dp va each ung x u phii hpp,
lam eho tam hon phong phii hon, nang tam van hoa cho ban than, tir do phan
dau vuon toi nhiing tam cao cua doi song.
-
Biet ehe ngu nhiiTig cam xiie say me thai qua truoc than tupng, khong
chay theo than tupng mpt each m i l quang; phe phan mpi bieu hi^n me mupi
than tupng trong cupc song hang ngay, truoc het la trong hpc duong.
484
III. K E T BAI
M o i nguoi eo mpt than tupng de uoe mo va vuon toi. Can biet ton trpng
than tupng bang each eo nhimg hanh dpng, suy nghi chin chan va cao d?p. Do
moi thuc su la nguong mp. Dimg v i qua dam me va than tupng hoa ma bien
minh thanh ke d i hpm, khac nguoi khong tot cho ban than va xa hpi. Moi
nguoi chiing ta can y thiic hon ve dieu nay de cupc song luon van minh hi^n
d^i ma khong danh mat d i nhiing gia tr} c6 truyen tot d?p.
'
BAILAMMAU
Than tupng nhu doa hoa Ipng lay, dieu quan trpng la thien ha biet each yeu
hoa nhu the nao. Co nguoi don gian ngam hoa de t h u gian, thuong thuc, tran
trpng hoa nhu mon qua ciia cupc song. Co ke chi biet doa hoa ay la nhat tren
: doi. Yeu say me, ngam dam duo'i, de roi hp quen mat chinh minh va mpi nguoi
xung quanh. Vay phai chang: "Nguong mp than tupng la mpt net d^p van hoa,
nhung me mupi than tupng la mpt tham hpa"?
k Gioi tre ngay nay thuong danh tinh cam rat dac b i f t eho cac than tupng
•P^ each gpi nhiing nguoi dupe xem la hinh mau ly tuong, c6 nang khieu, pham
chat, thanh cong dac bi^t ve mpt hoac nhieu linh v\fc nao do, c6 sue hiit doi vol
k ca nhan va gioi truyen thong. Tuy nhien, tam phan chia hai kieu bieu Ip tinh
cam ay thanh nguong mp va me mupi. Nguong mp la sy tran trpng, men phuc
nong nhif t danh cho than tupng. Trong khi do, mpt bp phan gioi tre hi?n nay
I me dam, ton siing mpt each m i l quang, thieu tinh tap truoc than tupng.
V i the y kien da neu de cap den tac dung n h u mpt con dao hai luoi ciia vifc
yeu men than tupng: neu nguong mp diing muc la tich cue, con nguong mp
qua muc la tieu eye va gay ra nhiing hau qua xau.
Xet theo y kien ca nhan, toi ciing cho rang "nguong mp than tupng la mpt
net d^p van hoa". Boi truoc het nguong mp than tupng the hif n nhu cau van
hoa cao ciia con nguoi, trong do c6 nhu cau dupe song trong nhijng tinh earn
nong nhif t; nhu eau dupe ciing thuong thuc va chia se cac gia trj van hoa nhat
dinh; nhu cau v u o n toi nhiing dinh cao sang gia ciia doi song. Chang han, yeu
men cac than tupng am nhae, nguoi ta eiing nhau nghe nhiing ca khiie, xem
nhung " M V " ciia cac ca sT, cac "diva" de thu gian, lam giau cho doi song tinh
than. Nguong mp Steve Jobs, chiing ta hpc dupe each sp'ng c6 ich, lam vi^c
sang tao, sy kien tri, y chi nghj lye vupt len kho khan (ong timg b} bupe roi
dioi "Apple" nhung sau do tro lai, ong da dem lai thanh cong to Ion voi chuoi
s^n pham gay sot hifn nay: iMac, iPhone, iPod,..) ... Do ciing chinh la nhiing
)ham chat dang quy cho bat k i ai khi buoc vao doi.
V i the nguong mp than tupng eon tro thanh mpt ung xir van hoa. Do la thai
ilp tran trpng, men phyc, c6 via nhung giii trj tinh than to't d?p, ca ngpi tan
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vift
dvrang n h u n g thanh cong va sy co'ng hie'n ciia con n g u a i . K h i vi^c nay dugc
thieu v a n m i n h . Ban la n g u o i k h o n ngoan hay ke m u quang? Va tgi sao c h i i n g
thuc h i ^ n m o t each tich cue, c h i i n g t h u o n g d e m lai n h i i n g hieu qua tot d?p. Tvr
^
do, nhving n g u o i t h a n h cong, song c6 ich dugc cac ca n h a n va xa h p i g h i nhan,
k h o n g n6 l y e t r d t h a n h n h i i n g bong hoa x i n h d?p, t r o t h a n h t h a n t u g n g ciia
pigi nguoi?
danh gia cao. Va than t u g n g ciing se t r o thanh m u c tieu phan dau ciia nhieu
n g u o i . B6i vay, n g u o n g m g than t u g n g chi nen d u n g 6 m u c d p t i n h cam d i i n g
B
»
dan, k h o n g p h a i t h u t i n h cam o n ao, gay Ion tieng n h u each l a m cua n h i e u bein
tre ngay nay.
*
T h o i cha m e c h i i n g ta d i n g h a m m g n h i r n g Thanh L a m , Phi N h u n g , Tuah
N g u y e n T h } Thanh T h u y
(Trudmg THPT chuyen Luang TheVinh, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai)
D e t h i D H k h o i C 2012
ra: Trinh bay suy nghi ve y kick: Ke co hqi thi non nong tao ra
tich, nguai chart chinh thi kien nhan lap nen thanh tuu.
Nggc,... n h u n g k h o n g ai cuong nhi^t den khoc 16c, ngat x i u , ...truoc than t u g n g
n h u hanh d g n g cua cac ban tre k h i n h 6 m Super Junio sang Vi?t N a m bieu dien.
thanh
HI/6NG DAN
N h i e u ban k h o n g biet bo me o m b^nh ra sao, n h u n g than t u g n g hat h o i so m u i
I . M u B A I ; neu v a n de. D a n y k i e n vao.
II. T H A N B A I
thi lo lang k h o n g yen. Cac bac p h u h u y n h d i lam ve m^t m o i , con cai chua biet
rot m g t coc nuoc, cung k h o n g he hoi han m o t cau n h u n g ngay nao d i n g deu deu
dang len facebook, twitter,., n h i j n g cau nhac n h a than t u g n g g i i i sue kh6e. T§
1, G i a i t h i c h y k i e n
hai hon, n a m 2010 k h i danh t h i i Ronandinho den H a N g i , n g u o i h a m m g da x6
-
•
vao, nSm t6c, keo ao l a m cho cau t h i i phai n h o den luc l u g n g an n i n h can thi^p.
D o la n h i i n g bieu hi^n thai qua dan den t r a thanh t h a m hga t r o n g m g t bg phan
gioi tre hi^n nay. Tir vi^c k h o n g nhan thuc mgt each d i i n g each va su me m u o i
m u quang, n h i e u n g u o i da c6 thai do va each u n g x u thieu van h6a, gay ra nhieu
hau qua. D o la s u yeu k e m trong hoc tap v i danh qua nhieu t h a i gian cho than
tugng, do la h i n h anh thieu thien cam doi v o i than t u g n g va ban be quoc te,...
K h i hieu r o ve v a n de, c h u n g ta can c6 quan d i e m , h a n h d g n g p h u h g p , the
hien net d^p ciia v a n h6a xing x u t r o n g mat m g i n g u o i . That tot d^p biet bao
neu n h o t h a n t u g n g ma c h i i n g ta d e m den cho ban than t a m hon p h o n g p h i i
h o n , nhieu gia t r i cugc song h o n va biet phan dau h o n tren d u o n g d o i .
A i Cling r o n i e m yeu m e n v o i than t u g n g , n h u n g dieu truac het la hay biet
Ke CO h g i la n g u o i Igi d y n g t h a i eo de m u u cau I g i ich t r u o c mat, bat ke
vi?c l a m d i i n g hay sai; n g u a i chan c h i n h la n g u o i l u o n biet song d i i n g v o i t h y e
I
chat va p h i i hgp v o i n h u n g gia t r i xa h g i ; thanh rich la n h i i n g ket qua dugc
danh gia tot; t h a n h t y u la n h i i n g thanh qua c6 y nghia Ion, dat d u g c sau m g t
ua t r i n h ben b i phan d a u .
-
Ve n g i d u n g , y kien nay chi ra sy d o i lap ve loi song v a each h a n h x i i
•ong cong vi^c g i i i a loai n g y o i co h g i va n g y o i chan c h i n h .
2. Ban l u a n ve y k i e n
-
+
^et
»
Ke CO h g i t h i n o n n o n g tao ra thanh rich:
D o th6i v u I g i , bat chap d i i n g sai nen t r o n g cong vi^c, ke co h g i k h o n g cau
quk t o t " ma chi cau " d u g c danh gia t o t " . Ke eang v y Igi t h i eang n o n nong
d u g c thanh rich. Boi the^ loai n g y o i nay t h y o n g chi tao ra thanh rich gia.
Ve t h y e chat, each h a n h x i i ay la 161 song gia d o i , la t h o i an gian l a m d o i
che n g u n h i i n g cam xiic, t r a n h hanh d g n g thai qua, me m u g i . Cac ban tre ciing
WK*
nen nhan t h i i c d u g c m i n h can lam g i . N g u o n g m g k h o n g p h a i la bat chuac y
H i e n cho that gia bat phan, l a m bang hoai cac gia tr} t r o n g xa h g i ; do c h i n h la
diic each an mac " n g h e si", each d i d u n g , n o i c h u y f n, de toe etia than t u g n g .
N g u o n g m g eang k h o n g phai chen la'n, x6 day, l a m ton t h u o n g n g u o i m i n h
yeu men. T o i t i m g n h i n tha'y nhieu ban h a m m g ho t r g than t u g n g t r o n g viec
d i chuyen d o n g ngh^t n g u o i 6 eae cho l u u dien, san bay. D o la hanh d g n g d?p
va dang tran t r g n g .
Ve d?p b^o q u a n g n h u n h i i n g doa hoa cua cac than t u g n g k h i e n nhieu
n g u o i p h a i n g u a e n h i n . N g u o i k h o n ngoan biet t h u o n g thiic, say me net d?p
ciia hoa, n h o than t u g n g m a v u a n len d e m lai nhieu gia t r i cugc song cho ban
than va m g i n g u o i . Ke m u quang chi biet c h l m d a m t r o n g sac dep, t i n h yeu ciia
n h i i n g canh hoa k i e u d i e m , den n o i d i i n g truoc than t u g n g m a h a n h dgng
^ suy d o i ve dao d i i c ; 161 song eo h g i nay da k h i e n b^nh t h a n h t i c h Ian t r a n
"jhu h i f n nay.
-
N g u o i chan c h i n h t h i kien nhan lap nen t h a n h t u u
+
C o i t r g n g chat l u g n g that, ket qua that la due t i n h ciia n g u o i chan chinh.
t
i the hg t h u o n g kien n h a n t r o n g m g i cong v i f e de l a m nen n h i i n g ket qua
rc sy, n h i i n g t h a n h qua eo y nghia Ion. D o i v o i hp, chi co n h i i n g thanh qua
* \fc m o i tao nen gia t r i thye cua con n g u o i , d i i co k h i phai tra gia d3t.
+ Ve t h y e chat, each h a n h xir ay thupe ve 161 song chan t h y e . t r u n g t h y e ,
^ 'u h i ^ n cua n h i i n g pham chat cao q u y ; g i i i p tao nen n h i i n g t h a n h qua thye,
frng gia t r j d i c h t h y e cho m i n h v a cpng d o n g , g 6 p phan thiie d a y xa h p i
nlen.
II. T H A N BAI
3. Bai hpc nhan thuc va hanh dpng
-
1. Giai thich y kien (0,5 diem)
Can nhan thuc ro day la hai kieu ngiroi doi lap nhau ve nhan each: nigj
- Thu dong la chiu su chi phoi, chi biet lam theo, nghe theo nguoi khac ma
thieu chii dpng sang tao.
loai nguai tieu eye thap hen can phe phan, mgt mau nguai tich c\tc cao ca cein
tran trpng.
-
- Y kien nay muon de cap den tinh each thu dpng, dupe xem la tinh each
ciia phan nhieu nguoi Vi^t Nam, truac het la thu dpng trong viee lua ehpn,
dan than, ma 161 cho cupe song cua minh; dong thai neu ra mpt vai bieu hi?n
Cling nhu nguyen nhan dan toi tinh each nay.
' .
Can noi theo 161 song oia nhung ngudi chan chinh, luon coi trpng nhij-ng
ket qua that va kien nhan phah dau de lap nen nhung thanh hfu; dong thai ler^
an 161 s6'ng ca hpi, non nong chay theo thanh tich gia.
III. K E T BAI
-
2. Trao doi vai Tran Hung John (1,5 diem)
Danh gia chung ve van de.
Thi sinh c6 the dong tinh, kh6ng dong tinh, hoae ehi dong tinh phan nao vai
D. DANG D £ AWiG TfNH C H A T EM^I T H O A I - B O C L O S O Y NGHl RI^NG
y kien cua Tran Hung John. Dii theo khuynh huong nao thi khi trao doi cung
VAN D £ D G Q C D A T R A
-
phai CO li le, c6 can eu xae dang va eo thai dp ban luan nghiem tiic, thi|n chi.
Day la dang de thi mai nha't, de thi nay c6 mat trong ky thi D H nam
3. Quan diem song cua ban than (1,0 diem)
2013. Gom ca hai kh61 C va D.
-
Cau true bai lam dvegc
NQI D U N G
C A U TRUC
I. M 6 B A I
DIEM
Neu van de
1. G i i i thich van de
- Thi sinh dupe tu do bay to quan diem song ciia minh, nhung can phai c6
thai dp chan thanh, nghiem tiic, cau tien.
III. K E T BAI
0,5
2. Trao doi, ban luan, doi tho?i (phan nay thupe
II. T H A N B A I
- T u vi$e trao doi voi y kien ciia John, thi sinh ty de ra quan diem s6'ng
cho ban than minh; de ra dupe phuong huong hanh dpng de thuc hif n quan
diem song ay.
the hoa nhu sau:
1,5
vao nhan thiic va sy hieu biet cua ban than;
-
nhan thuc diing/sai; phai/trai)
3. Trinh bay quan diem song cua ban than
Danh gia chung.
BAI LAM
1,0
Tran Hung John - "chang trai xuyen Vi$t vai chie'c vi rong", chang trai da
(giong bai hpc nhan thuc va hanh dpng)
HI. K E T B A I
*
khieh bao nguoi phai ngo ngang va kham phuc bai hanh dpng bien nhirng
Danh gia chung ve van de.
dieu kh6ng the thanh c6 the, dong thoi qua tac pham "John di tim Hiing" anh
da neu len nhan xet ciia chinh minh ve nhijng con nguai ciing s6'ng tren manh
Minh hpa cy the:
dat que huong: "Phan nhieu nguoi Vift Nam c6 tinh chat thu dpng, la nhimg
De 1: D i dpc dat nuoc voi tam nguy^n tim hieu nguon cpi bang trai nghi?m
nguoi di theo chu khong phai nguoi tien phong. Neu eo ai do di truac va thu
ciia chinh minh, chang trai Vi^t kieu Tran Hung John c6 mpt nhan xet:
trude, toi se di theo sau chu khong bao gio la nguoi dan duang. Ap luc xa hpi
Phan nhieu nguai Vi$t Nam c6 tinh each thu dgng, la nhOng nguai di theo
khieh ban phai di theo con duo-ng da dupe ve s i n . "
chii khong phdi nguai tien phong. Neu c6 ai do di truac va thic truac, toi se
Khoan binh pham rang nhan xet ay diing hay sai, truoe tien ta can hieu dupe
theo sau chii khong bao gia la nguai dan duang. Ap luc xd hgi khieh ban
nhu the nao la thu dpng. Thu dpng la chiu su chi ph61, chi biet lam theo, nghe theo
phdi di theo con duang da duQc ve san.
nguoi khac ma thieu chu dpng, sang tao. Y kien nay muon de cap deh tinh each
(John di tim Hung NXB Kim Dong, 2013, tr.W^
Anhlchi c6 dong tinh vai y kien tren khong? Hay trao doi voi Tran Hung
John vd bay to quan diem song cua chinh minh (bai viei khodng 600 tic).
HI/6NG
DAN
I . M 6 B A I : neu van de; dan y kien cua Tran Hung John vao.
^
thu dpng, dupe xem nhu han che chung ciia phan nhieu nguoi Vift Nam. Truoe
het la thu dpng trong vi^e lua ehpn, dan than, mo 161 cho cupe song oia minh.
I
Trong cupe song, ta can biet ban than la ai va can gi, da s6'ng la phai mo
•roe, phai khat khao va dam thuc hif n nhimg dieu ma minh da va dang huong
loi bai moi nguoi chi song dupe mpt Ian duy nha't. Tuy nhien, kh6ng phai ai
cung lam dugc dieu do boi le ho van chua that s u nh§n thiic dugc ban than
fivioc de CO mpt Vi?t N a m giau dep n h u ngay nay va ra't nhieu rat nhieu nhiing
can gi va lam duoc gi cho xa hpi. Nguoi Vi^t thy dpng. Dung. N h u n g tat ca
j | n chxing khac nhu: L e Ba Khanh Trinh voi each giai toan vupt khoi khung
deu CO nguyen nhan khach quan Ian chu quan, trai qua hang ngan nSm phong
ij^p an quoc te^ sinh vien Lac Hong voi bo'n nam lien tiep v6 dich robocon tir
kien, nhung tu tuong lac hau, go bo phan nao da an sau vao con nguoi Vi^t, no
pgm 2010 den nam 1013 va la dai di^n ciia Vi?t Nam di thi Robocon the'gioi,....
n h u mpt chie'c hop kiem ham ban ITnh cua moi nguoi, dat ta vao nhijng suy
Qua nhirng thanh cong tren c6 the thay 6 tuong lai khong xa, mpt tang lop
nghl rap khuon, cung nhac, chinh dieu do da khien ta khong the tu do the hi^n
cai "toi" dpc lap cua ban than. C u n g voi do, ap luc xa hpi de nang len vai moi
figaoi Vi?t ehii dpng, sang tao ma nhat la gioi tre se dua nuoc ta sanh vai voi
cac cuong quoc nam chau n h u dieu Bae van hy vpng.
nguoi, ho dam nghi, nhung khong dam thuc hi^n, trach nhi?m lam nguoi ta
Ban than voi thir thach la canh cong dai hpc truoc mat, toi y thiic dupe rang
liii buoc va khong dam tro thanh " nguoi tien phong" ma chi di theo nhung
jninh can nang dpng hon, sang tao hon, chong lai nhiing tu tuong ap dat,
"con duong duoc vach san". Mac khac, v a i mot so nguoi ngai va cham, sg that
nhiing duong loi cii ki de tu minh vuon den thanh cong cho ban than va cho
bai thi "con duong vach sSn" n h u mpt thoi quen dugc hg tiep tyc tai s u dyng
xa hpi. Trong thoi dai cong nghiep hoa hi?n dai hoa, dat nuoc rat can nhiing
va dieu tat nhien dieu do lam cho ta sinh tarn ly y lai dan dan giong n h u lieu
con nguoi voi dau 6c nhay ben, c6 kha nang ling bie'n trong mpi truong hpp,
thuoc doc khien ban than moi nguoi mat dan cai "toi" von c6.
Song song do, voi tu tuong "vao dai hpc la con duong lap than duy nhaV, chi
CO vao dai hpc, c6 tarn bang dai hpc trong tay thi ta moi c6 tuong lai, c6 su
nghi^p,...Nhin ve phuong dien khach quan c6 le tu tuong ay la diing nhung
cung chua han dung. Dai hpc la noi cho ta nhiing kien thuc chuyen mon, nhirng
hanh trang quan trpng cho tuong lai nhung khong phai chi can c6 tarn bang dai
hpc trong tay thi ai ai ciing se c6 tuong lai, c6 s u nghi^p on dinh. Theo thuc
khong nen song qua bi dpng, dieu d6 se khien ta dan dan bi dao thai khoi xa
hpi va tat nhien do moi chinh la li do that s u ciia that bai. C a n c6 loi song diing
dan cho ban than, phai bie't ta can gi va lam dupe gi de e6 nhiing muc tieu eu
the. N h u vay moi kh6ng song hoai song phi. Nhiing hoat dpng xa hpi ciing
chinh la mpt each de ban than ehiing ta eo the ren luyen va khoi nguon nhiing
tiem nang von c6, vi vay tham gia hoat dpng xa hpi chinh la hanh dpng eu the
cho ban than moi nguoi trong ehiing ta.
trang hi^n nay, rat nhieu sinh vien sau khi ra truong van phai di lam nhiing
Nhin lai, nhan xet ciia Tran Hiing John chua hSn diing, nguoi Vi^t van rat
cong viec khong diing voi chuyen nghanh hpc cua minh, hp phai lam vi^c 6
nang dpng, sang tao. C 6 the anh da di khap V i f t N a m nhung chua hSn da gap
nhiing quan cafe, quan com hay la nhiing cong viec khac khong thupc nhiing gi
he't nhiing eon nguoi 6 day, chi mpt phan nguoi Viet N a m e6 the van eon thu
da hpc. Ciing c6 nhiing nguoi khong he dupe dao tao 6 nhiing truong lop
dpng, chua sang tao nhung nhiing Vi^t khac, hp van dang s6'ng, dang lam vif e,
chuyen mon nao va ciing khong dupe vinh d u buoc ra 6 canh cong dai hpc
dang sang tao de dua dua dat nuoc di len va phan dong trong do ehinh la gioi
nhung lai c6 dja vi va cho dung v6 ciing ion, dau tien phai noi den Bill Gate_chu
tre. V i vay, c6 the n6i rang trong mpt tuong lai kh6ng xa dat nuoc mau do da
tich tap doan Microsofl, hang phan mem khong 16, nguoi luon c6 ten trong danh
Vang nay se v6 ciing phat trien. V a do cung ehinh la nhiing gi ma mpi nguoi
sach nhiing nguoi giau nhat the gidi, I r a n Phuong A n h - nguoi da tao nen mpt
tren dat nuoc ngiy ki vpng.
thuong hif u nhang "Phung Nghi" noi tieng 6 H a Npi, Pham Thanh Hien - "thay
(Bai lam cm hoc sinh Nguyen Le Kim Phung)
giao khong bang cap luy^n 70% sT tu do dai hoc",...Tat ca hp deu la nhiing
nguoi da va dang thanh cong dii con duong hp di khong mang ten " Dai Hpc".
N h u vay ta c6 the ket luan dupe mpt dieu rang, chi can nguoi Viet dam pha
bo chie'c hop ciia minh, loai bo nhiing tu tuong xa hpi loi thoi hp se tro thanh
"nguoi tien phong". V a nguoi Vift da lam dupe dieu do. T u y v a n con mpt
phan rat thu dpng n h u nhan xet ciia Tran Hiing John nhung dai da so' van bie't
each chu dpng, sang tao trong mpi khia canh eiia cupc song. Ve mat nay c6 le y
kien cua anh da khong phan anh khong diing ve nguoi V i f t. Nhin lai tir qua
khii den hi|n tai, nguoi Vift da chii dpng, sang tao khi la dat ntfoc dau tien
nghien ciiu dupe each danh bom B52 thanh cong va ngay ca vi lanh ty vi dai
ciia ta Cling la mpt minh chung tieu bieu, ehinh Bae da ra di tim duong cuu
Ann
*
2: D e thi D H k h o i C nam 2013
Nhin lai von van hod dan toe, nha nghien cOu Tran Dinh Hum
c6 neu
tnot nhan xet veloi song cua nguoi Viet Nam truyeh thong Id: Khong ca tung
\ tu? ma ca tung su khon kheo. Khon kheo la an di truoc, loi nuoc theo sau,
: hiet thu the, gia minh, go duoc tinh thekho khan. (Theo Ngu van 12, Tap hai,
NXB Giao due Viet Nam, 2013, tr.160-161)
T^nhan thuc ve nhiing mat tich cue va tieu cue cua loi song tren,
Jtay bay to quan diem song eua chinh minh (bai viei khodng 600 tic).
anhlchi
HI/6NG DAN
I.
B A I : neu van de; dan y kie'n ciia nha nghien cmi Tran Dinh HuQH vao
II. T H A N BAI
1. Giai thich y kien (0,5 diem)
- Tri tue la kha nang nhan thuc, suy xet bang bp 6c; khon kheo la kh6n
ngoan, kheo leo, linh boat trong ung \u.
- Y kien da neu dupe mpt net dang luu y ve loi song cua nguoi Vift Nam
truyen thong la it de cao tri tu^ ma chi de cao su khon kheo, mpt dang tri khon
cua doi song; dong thoi chi ra mpt so bieu hi^n ciia 161 song khon kheo do.
2. Ban lu^n van de: Nhan thiic ve cac mat tich cue va tieu c\rc... (1,5 diem)
-
Ve mat tich c\rc (0,5 diem)
+ Tao ra loi ling x u linh boat trong doi song hang ngay giiip con nguoi c6
the an than, huong Ipi, giii minh thoat hiem.
+ Khien cho moi ca nhan c6 161 song thiet thuc, tuy co i m g bien de ton tai
trong cpng dong.
-
j^pt thii vat chat v6 cung quan trpng va la nhu cau ciia moi nguoi khong the
thieu trong mpi thoi dai, nhung khong phai ai cung co quan ni§m giong nhau
^§ "tien". Co nguoi noi rang "Co tien mua tien cung dupe" nhung cung co
pguoi noi "Tien mua dupe tat ca nhung khong mua dupe hanh phiic". Con
b^n, ban nghi sao ve dong tien, ban co nghl dong tien la chia khoa van nang
jiiua dupe tat ca mpi thu khong?
Tien mue dieh chinh ciia no diing de trao doi, mua ban hang hoa. Co le v i no
la la loai vat chat co the lam thoa man nhu cau ban than nen co nguoi cho rang
"Co tien mua tien d i n g dupe". U", phai, co tien moi co the cham lo cho con cai d i
hpc, CO tien moi co the an no mac am, co tien moi co the kham b§nh khi 6m dau,
CO tien mai co the co ao quan de mac va co tien moi co the ton tai dupe trong xa
hpi hien nay, co tien mua dupe nhung thu minh yeu thich... Chi nhu the da thay
dong tien v6 cung quan trpng, no co gia tri to Ion kh6ng chi d61 voi ca nhan ma
con d6i voi ca xa hpi, nhung voi t6i co nhung thu kh6ng the mua bang tien.
Da CO ai do noi rang: "Co nhieu thii kh6ng the mua dupe bang tien, nhung co
the mua dupe bang... rat nhieu tien". Hay nhi, dong tien nhu chiee dua ma thuat
CO the quyen ru dupe mpi thu. Co nguoi tien co the mua dupe chue vu, mua
Ve mat tieu eye (1,0 diem)
+ Mat tieu cue cua vi§c kh6ng de cao tri tu?: it coi trpng nhiing n6 luc kham
dupe nhung tarn bang Dai hpc, Thae si, Tien si hao nhoang, nhung hp kh6ng
pha, chinh phuc, sang che nham huong tai nhimg dinh cao trong san xuat, khoa
mua dupe tri thuc - von hieu biet aia ban than. Tien mua dupe nhung ng6i nha
hpc, ngh$ thuat; chua thuc su t6n trpng thanh qua ciia t r i tu^, tri thiic va sang
bi?t thu cao d?p, long lay- ve be ngoai ciia ng6i nha nhung kh6ng mua dupe mai
am gia dinh - phan hon ciia can nha. Tien mua dupe thuoe men nhung kh6ng
tao; dan den su tri tre, kem phat trien ve moi mat ciia doi song xa hpi.
+ Mat tieu cue ciia 161 song kh6n kheo: chi biet thu Ipi, cau an cho minh,
mua dupe
sure
khoe... Nhung lifu tien co mua dupe hanh phiic kh6ng? Do la
day kho khan, thif t thoi cho nguoi; ngai va cham, ngai doi mat v6i thach thuc;
mpt cau hoi da co t u rat lau nhung no van chua eo mpt cau tra loi hoan chinh.
con nguoi c6 nguy co tro nen thien can, nhu nhupc, ich ki.
"Tien mua dupe nhieu thii nhung kh6ng mua dupe hanh phiic" nhung cung
CO nguoi noi giau moi lay dupe vp d?p, moi eo the cho con di hpc nhung
truong danh tieng, mai ain no hanh phiic. M o i nguoi co moi each nhin khac
nhau, con voi t6i hanh phiic va tinh yeu la thu kh6ng the mua dupe. T6i nho
CO Ian t6i da dpe qua mpt cau chuy^n nhu sau: Co mpt c6 gai tre, moi ra truong
n^n dang di lam tarn tai mpt quan cafe, c6ng vife luong thap, cupe song chi la
"Ju an. Mpt h6m co mpt giam d6c tre den quan e6 de tim 6ng chii ban vi^c lam
^ nen v6 tinh thay e6 de thuong, hien lanh nen theo duoi. A i cung nghi day la
hpi cho CO v i dau eo de de kiem dupe nguoi dan ong vira t6't h'nh vira tai
8i6i. Nhung sau khi nhan loi di uong nuoc voi anh vi ne loi 6ng chii mpi nguoi
bie't CO mpt mue t u eh61. Khi dupe 6ng chii hoi ly do tai sao e6 chi cudi va
*o: "Don gian v i em kh6ng yeu anh ay. Con tim co If le rieng ciia no. Va tinh
khong dinh gia bang tien." Cung co cau chuyfn eo mpt chj lay dupe ong
^ong giau co lam chii tich tinh nhung liie nao eh} cung dem long do Iq va
^ O n g thoa man vo-i chong v i thay chong ban minh chi lam vien chiic nhung
dupe rat nhieu tien con chong chi dang hoang la chii tich tinh nhung luong
3. Bay to quan diem song (1,0 diem)
-
Tren co so nhan thuc nhiing mat tich cue va tieu eye ciia loi song truyen
thong, thi sinh t u de ra quan diem song cho ban than va phuong huong hanh
dpng de thuc hien quan diem song ay.
-
Thi sinh dupe t u do bay to quan diem song ciia minh, nhimg can phai co
thai dp chan thanh, nghiem tiic, cau tien.
III. K E T BAI
-
Danh gia chung ve van de.
8: Co nguoi noi "Co tien mua Hen cUng duqtc" nhmg cung co nguoi not
"Tien mua Augc tat ca nhung khong mua duac hanh phuc". Viet mot bdi van
khodng 600 tic trinh bay suy nght cua Anhl chj vehai y kien tren.
^
BAI L A M
Co le trong cupe song hi^n dai ngay nay ai cung uoe ban than giau co, kic'^^
that nhieu tien, song mpt cupe song nhan ha, sung suong. Tien duong nhu I''
A09
chi a muc binh thuong. Tha'y v l y chj hay trach mSng chong va noi:" Anh khorig
CO nang lye kiem tien", chong chi nghe xong chi nhin chj va i m Icing. May thang
sau chi moi hay tin chong c6 ban chi thuong do' kj di lam chung t u , gia'y to g,^
va bay gio da bj cong an phat hi^n dinh chi cong tac, tich thu he't tai san. Khi bje't
dupe tin nay chi cam tha'y v6 cung c6 loi voi chong va noi: "Hoa ra cu nhu min}^
lai suong". Liic ay c h i ' ""oi tha'y rang minh hanh phiic.
Ban chat dong tien khong he xau ne'u no duQC trao vao tay nhijTig nguoi tot
Khi ay dong tien se tro thanh mot "nguoi day to trung thanh" don gian vi
nguoi tot hp se bie't nen tieu tien khi nao, vao dau va tieu nhu the'nao de c6 the
mang lai hanh p h i i c cho ban than va c6 the g i i i p do nhiing manh doi bat hanh
ngoai xa hpi. Hp tai trp tien bac, nhung vat dung da cii vao cac trgi mo coi, quy
chu t h a p do, nhiing c h u o n g trinh nhu: trai tim cho em, mai am tinh t h u o n g , ....
Khi dupe su dung dung muc dich dong tien khong nhi>ng khong xau ma con
la canh tay nang do g i u p nhCrng manh do! thieu may man, bat hanh vupt qua
nhCrng thu thach kho khan trong cupc song.
Nhung khi dong tien ay Ipt vao tay cua nung ke tham lam, nhung ke chi
muon huong thy, lam n o 1^ cho dong tien thi do la mpt moi nguy hai cho xa
hpi. Bao chi da dua dau it truong hpp v i tien ma con gie't m?, v i tien ma anh chj
em rupt trong nha dam chem nhau, v i may chuc ngan d i choi game ma nguoi
anh nhan tam voi ca em be nho de lay doi bong tai vang... Nhirng truong hpp
c u o p tipm vang chac cung con chua nguoi ngoai trong moi nguoi chiing ta vol
day xot xa, bat man va lo sp. The day v i tien ma hp khong con luong tam, vi
tien ma den ca tinh mau mu, rupt thjt cung khong tha, v i tien ma hp da danh
mat p h a n "nguoi" chi con tro trpi lai p h a n "con". "Tien bac khua leng keng" ban
da nghe cau noi ay chua? Tie'ng "leng keng" a'y khong p h a i la tie'ng "leng keng"
cua chuong gio tao cam giac yen tinh thanh binh, cung khong phai la tie'ng keu
cua nhOng nguoi di ban kem dap trong buoi trua he oi biic gpi ve tuoi tho, ma
la tie'ng leng keng cua n h i r n g thu kim lo^i s5c ben danh vao nhau. Y muon noi
dong tien mong that day, chi lam bang nhirng chat li?u don gian nhung no rat
sac ben c6 the tao ra tie'ng keu nhu dam chem nhau vay.
Hoi nho, toi ghet tien v i nhu-ng cupc tranh cai trong gia dinh toi suy cho
cung Cling la v i no, nhirng anh mat lo a u , buon rau cua ba m^ toi ciing tir no.
Nhung bay gio n g h l lai t u hoi ban than muc dich cua nhirng no luc trong suot
quang duang hpc cOng chi di kiem "no", kiem that nhieu de khong p h a i kho sO
VI thieu tho'n, "no" cQng la thuoc do hpc thuc, trinh dp chat xam ciia moi ngtfO''
nen c6 le do cung la myc dich ba m? muon toi hpc that gioi. Toi khong gio''
cung khong chMc rang c6 thanh cong tren con duong minh chpn hay khong, '^'^
kiem dupe nhieu tien hay khong, nhung c6 mpt dieu toi chic c h i n r5ng toi
khong lam no 1$ cho dong tien, se khong lam nhiSng hanh v i pha huy nhiKi^
494
gia trj tot d?p ciia ban than va xa hpi. Tat nhien toi phai co g i n g hpc de kiem
no, CO gang kiem nhieu nhung se kiem no bang nhCrng vi^c lam chan chinh,
kiem no b i n g nang lyc ciia minh, kiem no de phyc vu ban than, gia dinh va
giup do nhung manh doi con khuye't nhu nhiing tam long cao d?p khac ngoai
xa hpi. Chiing ta hay cung nhau cogang dung dong tien de thuc hi^n nhiing
nghia cu cao d^p, dung de no c6 co hpi bie'n chiing ta thanh no 1^.
n
Cac ban tha'y do tien dau la tat ca phai khong, trong chiing ta con co v6 van
nhiing thii khac khong the trao doi bang tien. Khong phai la khong co l i do ma
Nick Vujich khi dupe hoi uoc cho con ong cai gi thi ong chi tra l o i " Toi chi uoc
cho con trai toi dupe h^nh phiic", chSc han rat nhieu nguoi t y hoi sao ong
khong uoc cho con ong giau co ma chi uoc hanh phiic. Don gian v i khi hanh
phiic la chiing ta da giau hon nguoi khac roi ban a.
v
•Da CO cau noi vui the'nay:
' ;7 •:
"Tien la Tien, la Phat
Tien la siic bat ciia 16 xo
Tien la moi lo ciia con nguoi
^
'
Tien la niem vui ciia tuoi tre"
'
Nhung ban oi tien khong - la tat ca, no khong bao gio mua dupe nhiing
pham chat quy gia dau, dac bi^t hanh phiic la t h u cang khong the dupe dinh
gia bang tien: "Tien co the mua dupe nhieu thii nhung khong mua dupe hanh
phiic". Nho ban nhe!
E. N Q H I L O A N
M O T VAN D £
DaQC D A T RA T R O N G CACJ CHaY$N
ra: Co anh A va anh B sinh ra trong hai gia dinh khac nhau. Ca hai
deu CO rngt nguoi honghien ngap. Sau nay anh A tra thanh mgt chang trai
luon di dau trong cong tac phdng chong te nan xa hoi va bao luc gia dinh.
Con anh B lai la phien ban cua cha anh. Nhd xa hoi hoc da dat cvng mot cau
hoi "Dieu gi khien anh lai tro nen nhu the?". Va nha xa hoi hoc da nhan
dugc Cling mot cau tra loi "Co mot nguoi cha nhu the nen toi phai nhu the*'.
Anh /chj hay trinh bay sy anh Huang cua gia dinh doi vai moi ca nhan.
BAI L A M
• Trong cupc song ciia moi chiing ta, gia dinh dong mpt vai tro v6 cung quan
• p n g trong vi^e hinh thanh nhan each con nguoi. Dae bipt moi truong gia dinh
oao gio cQng eo tac dong hai mat toi sy hinh thanh nhan each. Co ngyoi sinh
ra trong moi truong gia dinh khong may tot dpp roi anh ta ciing tro thanh ban
sao ciia sy khong tot d^p ay. Nhung ciing co nguoi vupt qua dupe hoan canh
.«.!
Gia dinh la gi ? Gia dinh la noi ta sinh ra. Ion len la cai noi nuoi duong, cho
che cho ta khon Ion. Gia dinh la cai noi hanh phuc cua con nguoi t u bao the'h^:
dum bpc, yeu thuong, giiip con nguoi vupt qua dupe nhihig kho khan, tro
ngai trong cupe song. V i the gia dinh c6 gia tri ben vung va v6 ciing to Ion
khong bat cu thii gi tren coi doi nay sanh dupe, cung nhu khong c6 bat cu vat
chat cung nhu tinh than nao thay the noi.
Moi con nguoi sinh ra va lofn len, truotig thanh deu c6 su anh hu6ng, giao
dye to Ion tu truyen thong gia dinh. Va nguoi lam cha lam m? trong gia dinh
la tarn guong mau muc ciia con cai. Noi diing hon la moi thanh vien phai la
tarn guong sang cho nhau. Neu nhu gia dinh eo nguoi cha nguoi m? luon yeu
thuong, cho che va giao due tot eho eon cai thi dua eon Ion len se tro thanh
nguoi CO ich eho xa hpi. V i nhu nha tho To H u u sinh truong trong gia dinh
Nho giao, sau nay To H i h i tro thanh nha Caeh mang, nha tho Ion eiia dan tpc.
Manh T u nguoi Trung Quoc tuy mat cha t u nho nhung thuong xuyen dupe
m? nghiem khae chi bao, day nhieu dieu hay le phai. Sau nay Manh T u tro
thanh triet gia loi lac eiia Trung Hoa. Nhieu hpc sinh o nong thon, nha ngheo
kho nhung nhin vao su vat va eua m? cua eha ma hp da eo gang hpc tap that
tot tro thanh thu khoa cua cae truong Dai Hpc.
Tuy nhien, ciing c6 nhung con nguoi sinh ra trong gia dinh c6 truyen thong
giao due tot nhimg ban than hp lai la nhiitig
tpi do ciia xa hpi. Vi du nhu
Nguyen Due NghTa 6 Hai Phong c6 bo la sy quan quan dpi, me la giao vien.
Nhung ban than anh ta lai la ke giet nguoi tan dpe (Vu an xae chet khong dau
nam 2010 tai Ha Npi). Nhieu hpc tro y vao v i f c gia dinh giau c6 nen an choi leu
long de roi danh mat ea tuong lai ngay khi con ngoi tren ghe r\ha truong.
Ben c^nh nhung gia dinh hanh phiic thi con c6 nhung gia dinh chua that
sy hoan hao, day do van con c6 nhirng thanh vien trong gia dinh con c6
nhirng khuyet diem n|ng ne. Qua dung nhu vay, neu gia dinh eo nguoi eha
nguoi m? c6 nhieu thoi xau thi nhung dua con trong gia dinh chae chan se anh
huong nhirng thoi xau cua eha me. Vi nhu cau ehuy^n cua nhan vat B trong
cau chuy?n ke 6 tren hoac cau chuy^n eua thang Phae trong truyen ng^n
"Chiee thuyen ngoai xa" ciia Nguyen Minh Chau. Do song trong hoan canh c6
496
nguoi cha luon bao hanh
nen no cung tro thanh ke mau lanh ngay t u liic
con nho. Phac dCing that lung va ca dao nhpn de danh lai cha minh. Da so tpi
pham v i thanh nien deu c6 nguon goc xua't than t u nhiing gia dinh c6 bo'm^ ly
hon hoac bo'm? lam nghe lao dpng t u do.
N h u n g cung can nhan thuc dupe dieu nay: gia dinh c6 anh huong rat Ion
den vi^c h i n h thanh nhan each n h i m g khong phai liic nao con nguoi cung
phu thupc vao hoan canh. 6 truong hop eiia nhan vat A la dien hinh nha't. Tuy
eo nguoi cha nghien ngap nhung anh A van vupt len hoan canh khac nghi^t
ciia gia dinh de tro thanh con nguoi c6 ich eho xa hpi. N h u vay, gia dinh chi
tac dpng mpt phan den su hinh thanh nhan each eiia eon nguoi ehii khong
phai la tat ca. Cupe doi ciia moi eon nguoi, nhan each ciia moi eon nguoi la
phu thupc vao chinh ban than hp.
Qua cau chuy^n tren ta thay dupe vai tro eiia gia dinh trong vi^c hinh thanh
nhan each eon nguoi la rat quan trpng. Va bao gio gia dinh cung c6 tac dpng
hai mat den moi thanh vien. Moi con nguoi ehiing ta can tich cue thay doi ban
than minh de phii hop voi hoan canh. Va du trong mpi hoan eanh chiing ta
cung can phai chpn eho minh mpt loi di phii hop ehii khong phai gio chieu nao
nga theo chieu ay. Cung can bao v$ gia d i n h , len an thoi bao hanh gia dinh. Vi
mpt xa hpi tot dep hay eimg nhau xay dung gia dinh lanh manh, van hoa.
2:Doc va suy ngam'vecdu chuyen "Hai hat mam"
Co hai hat mam nam canh nhau tren mot manh dat mau mo. Hat mam
thu: nhai noi: Toi mum Ian len that nhanh. Toi muon hen re sau xuong Idng
dat va dam choi nay loc xuyen qua lap dat ciing phia tren...
Toi muon no ra nhung canh hoa diu dang nhu dau hieu chdo don mua
xudn... Toi muon cam nhan su am dp cua anh mat trod vd thuong thttc nhOng
giot suong ma i dong tren canh Id.
Vd roi hat mam moc len.
Hat mam thii hai bdo:
- Toi so lam. Neu ben nhimg nhanh re vdo long dat sau hen duoi, toi
khong hiet se gap phdi dieu gi o noi toi tarn do. Vd gia nhu nhOng choi non
cua toi CO moc ra, dam con trung se keo den vd nuoi ngay lay chiing. Mot
ngdy ndo do, nm nhung bong hoa cua toi c6 the no ra dugc thi hon tre con
ciing se vat lay ma dda nghich thoi. Khong, toi hon hei Id toi nen nam o day
cho den khi cdm thay that an todn da.
Vd roi hat mam nam im vd cho dqi.
Mot ngdy no, mot ehii gd di loanh quanh trong vubn tim thicc an, thay
hat mam nam lac long tren mat dat ben mo ngay lap tUc.
.
Thao Nguyen (Theo The Seeds of Life)
ne'u k h o n g p h a i la uac m o , k h o n g phai la n i e m t i n vao tucmg lai phia truoc?
BAI L A M
Toi CO rriQt cau h o i kha t h i i v i : ne'u m o i n g u o i t r o n g c h u n g ta la m p t hat
C h i n h uoc m o la n g u o n goc, la n o i nang giac m o cho n h u n g tai nang t r o thanh
giong, vay d a u la luc ta thuc su nay mam? Co phai k h i v u a chao d o i khong?
hi^n thuc. Co uoc m o , ta chua han da c6 d i e u m i n h muo'n n h u n g c h i c chan
mpt dieu rang, ta se chSng c6 g i ne'u thie'u uoc m o ! Da la uoc m o t h i phai d?p,
Theo t o i la k h o n g . Giay p h i i t thieng lieng do chi thuc s u bat dau k h i ta bat re
vao
CUQC
phai cao ca, phai x i i n g dang de ta phan dau trpn d o i . N g u o i ta v a n t h u o n g n o i ,
song d u n g nap n g u o n d i n h d u o n g va t i m cho m i n h con d u o n g v u o n
gin'c m o m i e n p h i , v i vay, d u n g ha tien cho ban than dupe song t r o n g n h i i n g
len. Ne'u ban con b o i r o i , "Cau chuy?n ciia hai hat m a m " se d?y m o i n g u o i
c h i i n g ta ve... each nay m a m !
T r u y ^ n ke ve cuoc d o i ciia hai hat m a m " n a m canh nhau tren m p t m a n h dat
m a u m o " . H a t m a m t h u nhat m a n g t r o n g m i n h khat vQng dupe "ben re sau
vao l o n g dat", no hao hue m u o n Ipt xac de n h a n h chong cam nhan cupc song
rye ro sac m a u . The la hat m a m ay mpc len! H a t m a m t h u hai hoan toan ngupc
lai, s u so hai l a m no chi m u o n song m a i t r o n g l o p v 6 m a u xanh, k h o n g m u o n
t r u o n g thanh. D o i v o i no, cupc song day ray n h u n g bat trac, k h o khan. Va v i
ngoan co k h o n g chiu nay m a m , cuoi cung no b i m p t con ga " m o d i ngay lap
tuc".
Cau chuyen khep lai v o i nhieu m c u o i y v j . Chac rang ta't ca c h i i n g ta
deu ca n g p i hat g i o n g t h u nhat v i l o n g d i i n g cam va m i a m a i hat con l a i v i da
song d o n hen. The n h u n g , t h u m p t p h i i t lang l o n g va dat m i n h vao " m a n h dat
giac m o dep nhat. N h u n g dieu quan trpng, la phai c6 d i i n g cam bien uoc m o
#
tro thanh s u that. Phai phan dau k h o n g n g u n g de r o i se c6 ngay: "Va hat m a m
mpe len!". D o c h i n h la phan thucmg ciia long d i i n g cam?
K h o n g chi c6 the^ d u n g cam eon la d a m n h i n l a i c h i n h m i n h . B o i con n g u o i
dau sao van chi la m p t sinh vat bat toan. N g u o i d u n g cam la n g u o i d a m n h i n
thay n h u n g k h u y e t d i e m , n h u n g meo m o ciia ban than de t i r n g ngay hoan
thi?n. A i d a m bao d u n g cam t h i k h o n g c6 Ixie yeu duoi? K h o n g eo n h u n g
chong chenh? K h o n g c6 n h u n g yeu long? N h u n g l o n g d u n g cam se g i i i p eon
n g u o i d i i n g v i i n g , g i u con n g u o i k h o n g bude qua k h o i ranh g i o i T h i f n - Ac.
C h i n h v i le ay, sue m a n h ciia con n g u o i de song giua cupc d o i nay c h i n h la so
h i i u l o n g d i i n g cam.
Sxf h e n n h a t - khSc t i n h ciia cupc song!
m a u m o ay", lieu ta se t r o thanh hat m a m nao? L i ? u ta c6 d a m d i i n g cam v u o n
Hen nhat la ke t h u so m p t ne'u ta c6 y d i n h song tot, song eo y nghia. B o i no
toi "su am ap ciia mat t r o i " hay l o so rang " k h o n g biet se gap p h a i d i e u g i n o i
toi tam do"? Cau tra 16i d a n h cho m o i c h i i n g ta, n h u n g ban t h a n cau chuyen
chinh la bai hpc tuyet v o i ve l o n g d u n g cam - chia khoa ciia s u t h a n h cong.
L o n g d u n g cam - cpi re cua m p i n g u o n sue m ^ h !
Tir be, han rang ai c u n g dupe cha m? bao ban day do, rang d u n g cam la
k h o n g so hai bat c i i d i e u g i , la song anh d u n g , hien ngang, la " p h a i eo d a n h gi
v o i n i i i song". T o m lai, d u n g cam la d a m song! Song c6 y nghia, song eo muc
dich, CO udc m o , e h i i k h o n g phai song vat v o n h o o x i , song t h u d p n g n h u cac
loai sinh vat khae. Co rat nhieu n g u o i da t r o thanh n h u n g hat m a m v u o n cao
t o i anh sang n h o biet song, d a m song! N h u m p t n u v a n hao n g u o i M i , t i m g n o i
tieng v o i cau n o i " T o i da khoc k h i k h o n g c6 giay de d i , cho t o i k h i t o i n h i n thay
mpt n g u o i k h o n g eo chan de d i giay" - la m p t n g u o i tan tat. N h u n g v u p t len
tat ca, ba da d u n g tai nang c h i i n g m i n h cho ca the g i o i thay k h i e m k h u y e t than
the k h o n g l a m ba guc nga. N g u o i p h u n u ay da d u n g cam song phan d o i ciia
m i n h , d i i n g cam chap nhan d i n h m ? n h nghiet nga de bien no thanh d p n g luc
m a n h me k h o n c i m g . N h u vay, d i i n g cam eon la d a m udc m o . H a t m a m t h i i
nhat t r o n g cau chuyen d u ehua he d a m re x u o n g m a t dat c i i n g , dix chua " n o ra
n h u n g canh hoa d i u dang n h u dau h i ^ u chao d o n m u a x u a n " , d u ehua "cam
nhan s u a m ap ciia anh m a t t r o i va thucmg thiic n h u n g gipt s u o n g m a i d p n g
tren canh la", v a n a i h i n h d u n g cupc song th^t nen t h o va t u o i d?p! D o la g i
498
se " g i i i p " c h i i n g ta d o n g m p i canh ciia vao d o i . Ke hen nhat la ke dau m o i l u o n
chuc cho hai chi> " T o i so...". N h u hat m a m t h i i hai kia, chua he bat re vao dat
me, no da so hai, da hoang m a n g v o i n h u n g dieu k h o n g hay dau chi trong
t u o n g t u p n g . M a c d u that tha t h i i nhan rang, no " k h o n g biet se gap phai dieu
gi o n o i t o i t a m xa x o i do", n h u n g no van k h o n g d u can d a m song cupc d o i
khae. M o i c h i i n g ta, ne'u c i i song hen nhat, song m a i v o i n h u n g lang l o h i n
m i i n , CO h p i se d i qua liic nao k h o n g hay biet. M p t cupc song t u o i dep, m p t t i n h
yeu hanh phiic, m p t con riguoi toan thi^n...la n h i i n g dieu k h o n g bao g i o xuat
hien t r o n g d o i m p t ke hen nhat. H p giong n h u hat m a m dang t h u o n g kia, chi
biet " n a m i m va cho d p i " . Xa hpi ta ngay nay d u ngay cang nang dpng, van
m i n h , van k h o n g he thie'u n h u n g n g u o i n h u the. H p la ai? C a n ta nhat la
n h u n g cau ain c6 chieu da quen v o i s u bao bpc ciia cha me, gia d i n h . H p sp vao
ll^oi
v i sp gap h i e m n g u y , bat trSe, cam chju song t r o n g v o n g t r o n an toan gia
tao eiia rieng m i n h . T o i n h o den cau n o i ciia hat m a m : " T o i nen n a m day cho
tac pham "Chit nguoi t u t i i " ciia Nguyen Tuan va nhan vat Dan
, Thiem trong "VTnh b i f t Cuu Trung Dai" - Nguyen Huy Tuong
C H C N G U O I TIT T U
TRANG GIANG
363
De 6: Cam nhan hai doan tho "Nha gi nhir nha nguoi yeu.... suo'i Le voi
day". (Vift Bac - To Hiru) va doan "Con song duai long sau... ngay dem
khong ngu duac" (Song - Xuan Quynh)
407
V i N H BIET ClTU TRUNG D A I
De 4: Tuong quan anh sang va bong toi trong tac pham "Chu nguoi
tu tu" - Nguyen Tuan va " Hai dua tre" - Thach Lam
404
HAIDLTATRE
'
401
CHI PHEO
361
H A N H P H U C C U A MQT T A N G GIA
TRONG GIA D I N H - Nguyen Thi
435
CHIEC THUYEN N G O A l XA - Nguyen Minh Chau
437
H O N TRU'ONG BA, DA H A N G T H I T - Luu Quang Vu
439
Chuyen de 4: N G H I L U A N XA H Q I
I . N H l / N G YEU C A U K H I L A M V A N N G H I L U A N XA H O I
443
I I . CAC D A N G N G H I L U A N XA HQI v A C A U TRUC L A M B A I
443
A . T\J T U O N G D A O LY
443
B. H I E N T U T Q N G D O I S O N G
469
C.
D A N G DE KET HQP H A I MAT TOT - xA'u T R O N G MQT V A N D E
482
D . D A N G DE M A N G T I N H CHAT DOI T H O A I - B O C L Q B U Y N G H I
RIENG VE V A N DE Dl/QC DAT RA
488
E. N G H I L U A N VE M Q T V A N DE DU'QC DAT RA TRONG C A U
CHUYEN
495
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