Tài liệu Camnangluyenthidaihocnguvan 8

Cam nattg luySn thi clal Ttoc Ngu van ^ rnun uunn ii Tra lai: Toan dan Vi§t Nam, tren duoi mpt long, kien quyet cho'ng lai am muii cua a. Danh gia ve vi tri va nhung dong gop cua Nguyen Dinh Chieu trong nen van hoa dan tpc, tac gia Pham Van Dong sii" dyng hinh i n h : "tren troi c6 nhiing vi sao c6 anh sang khac thuong phai cham chii nhin moi thay va cang nhin cang thay sang". Day la mpt hinh anh giau y nghia. b. Y nghia: bpn thuc dan Phap. - Nuoc Vi$t Nam c6 quyen huong ty do va dpc lap, va su that da thanh mpt nuoc tu do, dpc lap. Toan the dan tpc Vi^t Nam quyet dem tat ca tinh than va luc lupng, tinh mang va ciia cai de giii vung quyen t\f do, dpc lap ay. b. Y nghia: - Nhimg tuyen bo'd tren cho thay, tac gia da xoa bo mpi quan h§ vol - Dung hinh anh: " v i sao c6 anh sang khac thuong", tac gia da chi ra rang van chuong ciia Nguyen Dinh Chieu c6 ve d?p va gia tri rieng, dpc dao, khac voi tho van cua cac tac gia cimg thoi ciing nhu trong nen van hpc dan tpc. Phap, khang djnh Vift Nam c6 quyen dpc lap tu do. - Ty hao ve nen dpc lap nuoc nha mpt each manh li^t "Nuoc Vi^t Nam c6 - Ngoi sao ay "phAi cham chii nhin mod thay sang". Nghia la Van chuong ciia Nguyen Dinh Chieu c6 ve d?p tiem an, khong de gi nhin thay ho|ic neu chi nhin luot qua c6 the khong thay het dupe ve d^p ciia no. quyen huong tu do va dpc lap, va su that da thanh mpt nuoc ty do, dpc lap". - The hien quyet tam manh me "tren duoi mpt long, kien quyet chong lai am muu cua bpn thuc dan Phap" va loi tuyen th^ "Toan the dan tpc Vi^t Nam - Do la mpt ngoi sao "cang nhin cang thay sang". Ngoi sao toa ra thii anh sang lap lanh ma cang nhin cang thay sang, la ngoi sao c6 ve d?p bat bien. Co nghia la ve dep va gia tri van chuong ciia Nguyen Dinh Chieu khong phai chi la nhat thoi, chi c6 trong giai doan Ijch su ay ma ton tai vInh hang, cang kham pha cang nhan ra day dii va sau sac hon nhung tang gia trj phong phii ciia van tho Nguyen Dinh Chieu. quyet dem tat ca tinh than va lyc lupng, tinh mang va a i a cai de giii viing quyen ty do, dpc lap ay". Cdu 5: Trong cuoc hien dong Nhat Mo chinh Phap thi thai do cua ta va Phap nhu thendo ? Ynghia vecdch itng xit cua con ngucti Vi^t Nam? a. Thai dp cua ta va Phap: - Phap: truoc khi thua chay con nhan tam giet not so dong tu chinh tri 6 Yen Bai va Cao Bang. - Ta: giup cho nguoi Phap chay qua bien thiiy, bao v^ tinh m^ng va tai san cho hp. b. Y nghJa ve each ung xu cua ta: , - Khoan hong, nhan dao la truyen thong nhan van aia dan tpc ta tu bao doi nay. - Ta thupc ve chinh nghia, nen cupc chien cho rihijTig nguoi chinh nghia bao gio cung gianh chien thang. I IRtn VAH NGHC DAN TOC Pham Van Ddng Cdu 1: Ddnh gia ve Nguyen Dinh Chieu, trong tac pham "Nguyen Dinh Chieu, ngoi sao sang trong van ngh? cua dan toe", tdc gid Pham Van Dong dd SM' dung mot hinh anh gidu y nghia, do Id hinh dnh ndo? Y nghia cua vi?c si( dung hinh dnh ay. j TAY jitn QuangDung Cdu 1: Giai thieu vdi net ve Quang Dung vd hodn cdnh sang tdc Tdy Tien. Tra loi: a. Quang Dung la nghf sT da tai: lam tho, viet van, ve trarih, soan nhac... jnSm 2001, dupe tang giai thuong nha nuoc ve van hpc ngh? thuat. K Tac pham chinh: May dm d, Miia hoa gao, Tuyen tho van Quang Dung... N G U Y I N DiNH CHl£u, NGOI SAO SilNG TRONG BAU I b. Giai thi^u doan quan Tay Tien: Thanh lap: dau nam 1947. Quang Diing la dai dpi trudng. Thanh phan: da so la thanh nien Ha Npi, trong do c6 sinh vien va hpc sinh. , Nhi^m vy: phoi hpp vdi bp dpi Lao, danh tieu hao luc lupng Phap 6 lupng Lao, mien Tay Bae bp Vif t Nam, gop phan bao v? bien giai Lao - Vi?t. Dia ban hoat dpng: kha rpng, gom Son La, Hoa Binh, Sam Niia (Lao) vong imien tay Thanh Hoa. Dieu ki^n chien dau gian kho: niii cao, vyc tham, rung day, thii dii, so't ret anh hanh. 421 VI£T BAC c. Hoan canh ra doi bai tho: Bai t h o dugc l a m cuoi naml948, k h i Q u a n g D u n g chuyen sang d o n v i khac. T6Hmi Bai t h o d u p e sang tac tai P h i i L i m Chanh. Luc d a u c6 ten " N h o Tay T i e n " , sau k h i i n lai t r o n g tap May dau 6, tac gia d o i ten thanh Tdy Tien. T r i led: Dac t r u n g b u t phap ngh? t h u a t : ^ * Bai tho dugc viet bang but phap lang m^n. But phap nay c6 d|c diem: a. The h i ^ n cai t o i t m t i n h giau cam xiic, giau t r i t u o n g tug'ng. b. N h a y cam v o i cai p h i t h u o n g , khac t h u o n g , l y t u a n g . C h o nen, c6 viet ve n h i i n g cai c6 t h u c t h i c i i n g d u g c lang m a n hoa, dpc dao hoa. c. N h a y cam v o i ve d^p ciia canh va n g u o i m a n g m a u sac x u la. d. H a y viet ve n o i b u o n , cai che't n h u n g de to d a m ve dep b i trang. e. H a y s u d y n g t h u phap d o i lap. Cdu 3: Ve d?p hinh tugng ngucn link "Tay Tien" ? a. V e d?p b i trang dam chat s u thi: Tra loi: - Chie'n d i c h D i e n Bien Phii thang I p i , thang 7 - 1954 H i e p d i n h Gio-ne-vo ye D o n g D u o n g d u p e k i ket, hoa b i n h lap l a i , m i e n BSc n u o c ta dupe giai phong, tien hanh xay d u n g C N X H . - Ichang chie'n. Phan sau g p i v i e n canh t u o i sang ciia dat nuoc, ca n g p i cong o n Cdu 2: Trong doan trich hdi tho Vi$t Bac (NgCtvdn 12, Tap mgt, NXB due, 2009), TotHtu tqc can bo khdng chien vd nhdn ddn Viet N g a y ca k h i p h a i h i sinh v i To quoc t h i cai che't do ciang rat oai h i i n g , bi b. Ben canh ve d^p hao hung, nhung nguoi Iinh T a y tien con h i ^ n len la nhirng chang trai rat hao hoa, lang man: Tat ca n h i i n g ve dep m p n g m o ciia n i i i r i m g Tay Bac i n d a m t r o n g tarn t r i m o i n g u o i l i n h de tao nen n h i i n g biic tranh v u a thuc v u a m o n g : - The t h o luc bat; ket ca'u doi dap; 161 x u n g ho m i n h - ta ciia ca dao - dan ca. - N g o n ngCr t h o d a n da, mpc mac; cac each chuyen nghia ciia t h o ca t r u y e n thong; g i p n g t h o m a n g am h u o n g ngpt ngao ciia n h i i n g cau hat t i n h nghia trong dan gian. b. S u phii hpp cua nhihig phuong ti^n do voi v i f c dien ta tinh cam: - The hien t i n h cam an tinh, t h u y c h u n g sau sSc ciia n g u o i can bp khang chie'n va n h a n d a n V i f t Bac gan v o i dao l i t r u y e n thong dan tpc. - The hien t i n h cam gan bo sau nang ciia n g u o i can bp va nhan dan v o i each m a n g , v o i k h a n g chie'n. D A T Niid^c ... Troi ddng nuac lii hoa dong dua " 6 n o i n i i i r u n g gian k h o , l u o n can ke v o i cai che't n h u n g d e m dem, NguySn Khoa Diem n g u o i chie'n sT v a n g u i m o n g ve n o i xa - N o i c6 n g u o i yeu t h u o n g - N h i i n g c6 m o Ha N p i dang kieu thorn". • a. Nhxrng p h u o n g ti|n ngh^ thuat giau tinh dan tpc: "Doanh trqi hitng len hoi duoc hoa gai H a N p i d u y e n dang, thanh Hch " M S t t r i m g g u i m o n g qua bien g i a i - D e m Bac? Tra loi: trang: " A o bao thay chieu anh ve dat - Song M a gam len khiic dpc h a n h " - Gido da sit dung nhieng phuang tien nghe thudt gidu tinh ddn N g u o i l i n h Tay tien t r o n g hoan canh r u n g thieng n u o c dpc v a n coi nhe Chie'n t r u o n g d i chSng tiec d o i x a n h " - Bai t h o CO hai phan: phan dau tai hi§n n h i h i g k i n i ^ m each m a n g va Dang va Bac H o . Sach giao khoa trich hpc phan dau. N g u o i l i n h Tay tien xuat h i ^ n trong bo'i canh thien nhien hoang v u , hiem cai chet, dat l i t u o n g len tren t i n h m a n g "Rai rac bien c u o n g m o v i e n x u - Thang 10 n a m 1954, T r u n g u o n g Dang va C h i n h p h i i r o i chie'n k h u V i ^ t Bac t r o ve H a N p i . N h a n su k i ^ n lich su ay, T o ' H i h i sang tac bai " V i ^ t Bac". tro, k i V I , dieu do cang to d a m them ve p h i t h u o n g ciia n g u o i l i n h Tay tien. - ToHitu: ndo? Nhitng phttcmg tien do phii hap voi viee dien td tinh cam gi cua nguoi • Triloi: - Cdu 1: Hodn cdnh sang tac "Vi?t Bac" cua I Cdu 2: Dae tnmg bUt phdp "Tdy Tien" ? s Cdu 1: Giai thieu vdi net ve Nguyen Khoa ^^ng tac bai tho Dat Nude cua Nguyen Khoa Diem vd trinh bay hodn cdnh Diem. a. Tac gia - N g u y e n Khoa D i e m la nha t h o x i i H u e . Tot n g h i f p D a i hpc V a n Su Ph^m H a N p i . T h o i chong M y song va chie'n dau tai chie'n t r u o n g T r i - Thien. ^ ^ n g la Bp t r u o n g Bp V a n hoa - T h o n g t i n . N a y da n g h i h u u . 423 - Tac p h a m c h i n h : " D a t ngoai 6", " M a t d u o n g khat v p n g " . gu-c m a n h cua nhan dan, d o n g g o p to I o n ciia nhan dan nen h i n h t h a n h D N ciia - P h o n g each: T h a ciia N g u y e n Khoa D i e m d a m da, b i n h d i , h o n nhien (ihan dan v i do c h i n h nhan dan d u n g nen. giau chat suy t u , cam xuc d o n nen, the hi#n tam t u ciia n g u o i thanh nien t r i thuc tham gia tich cue vao s u nghi^p giai phong dan tpc va thong nha't dat nuoc. - ^. b . Bieu h i f n cvi the trong doan trich: Dat n u o c t r o n g c h u o n g t h o da dupe n h i n 6 tam gan. N o hien len v o i ve b. Tac pham d u n g di/ gari g u i . D o la van hoa n g u o i Viet v o i p h o n g tue tap quan, t r u y e n - " D a t N u o c " t r i c h p h a n d a u c h u o n g V ciia t r u o n g ca " M a t D u o n g Khat thorig tir ngan d o i nay gan bo v o i con n g u o i . gan g u i b i n h d i n h u cai keo cai V o n g " a i a N g u y e n K h o a D i e m . " M a t D u o n g Khat V p n g " d u p e tac gia hoan cpt thanh ten, toe me t h i b i i i sau dau, n h u m i e n g trau ba an, cau chuy^n ba l^e... t r u y e n t h o n g n o n g nghi^p liia nuoc, t r u y e n tho'ng d a n h giae. thanh 6 chie'n t r u o n g B i n h T r i Thien n a m 1971. - - Ban t r u o n g ca viet ve su thuc t i n h a i a t u o i tre thanh t h i v i m g t a m ehie'm nhiJTig con n g u o i v6 danh. N h a n dan la nhi>ng eon n g u o i v6 danh, hp "Song gian m i e n N a m , y thuc d u p e van m e n h eua the h^ m i n h , d u n g day x u o n g d u o n g di/ Chet b i n h tam/ N h u n g hp da lam ra dat nuoc". H p gop than m i n h cho n i i i dau t r a n h hoa h p p v o i cupc chien dau ciia d a n tpc. N o i bat t r o n g b a i t h o "Dat vpng phu, hon trong mai; hp lam nen "Ten xa ten lang trpng m o i ehuyen d i dan". N u o c " la t u t u o n g " D a t N u o c ciia nhan d a n " . - Cdu 2: Nhd tha Nguyen Khoa Diem dd cam nhan ve Dat Nuoc qua nhitng D a t N u o c tren b i n h d i ^ n k h o n g gian dja l y : gan bo than thupc v o i m o i con n g u o i Viet N a m n h u eon d u o n g t o i t r u o n g , d o n g song, n o i ta ho h?n la phuong dim ndo ? Truong Son, la bien D o n g h i i n g vT , bao la rpng Ion " N o i eon c h i m p h u p n g Tra loi: N h a tho Nguyen K h o a D i e m da cam nhan ve Dat N u o c qua hoang bay ve h o n n i i i bac/ con ca n g u ong m o n g nude bien k h o i " . N h i i n g danh nhung lam thang canh n h u : n i i i v p n g phu, h o n t r o n g m a i , v j n h H a L o n g . . . Dat N u o c phuong dif n: - K h i noi ve lich s i i va dia ly a i a dat nuoc, tac gia chii y den d o n g gop ciia la dia ban c u t n i lau d o i ciia n g u o i Vi?t " D a t la n o i dan m i n h doan t u " . Dat N u o c tren b i n h di^n van hoa, phong tyc tap quan: gan g u i b i n h di - n h u cai keo cai cpt thanh ten, toe m? t h i b u i sau d a u , n h u m i e n g t r a u ba an, cau Dat nude eiia ca dao than thoai la dat nuoc gan g u i , t u o i d?p, m a n ma. chuy^n ba k e . . . t r u y e n t h o n g n o n g nghi^p l i i a nuoc, t r u y e n t h o n g d a n h giae. - SONG Dat N u o c tren b i n h d i ? n khong gian dia ly: gan bo t h a n thupc v o i moi con n g u o i V i ^ t N a m n h u con d u o n g t o i t r u o n g , d o n g song, n o i ta ho h?n la Xuan Quynh T r u o n g Son, la bien D o n g h u n g vT , bao la rpng Ion " N o i con c h i m phuong hoang bay ve h o n n i i i bac/ con ca n g u ong m o n g nuoc bien k h o i " . N h v i n g danh lam thang canh n h u : n i i i v p n g p h u , h o n t r o n g m a i , v j n h H a L o n g . . . D a t Nuoc la dja b a n c u t n i lau d o i a i a n g u o i Viet " D a t la n o i d a n m i n h doan t u " . - Dat N u o c tren phuong di^n lich s u : N g u y e n Khoa D i e m m u p n huyen sii B ngoai x a m " C o ngoai xam t h i danh ngoai xam/C6 n p i t h u t h i v u n g len danh bai" Cdu 3; Tu tuong Dat Nuac cua nhdn dan dugc the'hi^ Tac gia ^ F - X u a n Q u y n h que H a D o n g . T i m g la dien vien miia, sau la bien tap vien cho nhieu tap chi. - M p t n g u o i p h u nu tai nang va giau n g h i l y e ... - M p t h o n t h o nu d a m t h a m chan thanh ma soi n o i tre t r u n g t r o n g n h i i n g khat v p n g m a n h l i f t ve t i n h yeu va hanh. nhu the ndo trong - doan trich Ddt Nuac ? T r a Idi: Cdu 1: Hoan canh sang tac bai tha "Song" cua Xudn Quynh . Ba. Lac L o n g Q u a n va A u C o de n o i ve n g u o n go'c to tien a i a n g u o i V i ^ t "Lac Long Quan va A u Co/ De ra d o n g bao ta trong bpe t r u n g " . Ljeh s u chong n p i thu, I Phong each tho: D u n g dj, h o n nhien, chan that, nu tinh ... b. Tac pham • Bai t h o d u p e sang tac n a m 1967 trong ehuyen d i thuc te 6 v i i n g bien D i e m a. G i a i thich k h a i n i ? m " T u Urong D N ciia nhan d a n " ^'en - Thai B i n h . Bai t h o dupe i n t r o n g tap "Hoa dpc chien hao". So v o i v a n hpc t r u n g d a i t h i V a n hpc t r u n g dai t h u o n g lay h i n h anh Da't t n u o c de bieu t u p n g cho q u y e n l y e a i a v u a chiia "Song n i i i n u o c N a m vua N a m o " . D N ay t r o n g quan n i ^ m la a i a vua. T h o i dai N K D n g u o i ta n h i n thay 424 Cdu 2: Ynghia nhan debdi tha (hinh tuong Song) "S6ng" la h i n h anh an dy ciia t a m tr^ng n g u o i con gai d a n g yeu, la s u than, p h a n than ciia nhan vat t r i i t i n h . nuin;. - "Song" la "em" va "em" cung la "Song". Hai hinh tugng nay tuy hai ma rnqt, C O liic tach doi ra de soi chieu cho nhau, c6 liic lai hoa nhap vao nhau de tao ra su cong huong. Hai hinh tuong ay dan cai, quah quyt voi nhau nhu hinh v6i bong. - Tac gia mugn hinh anh "song" de the hien nhung cam xuc, cung bac tinh cam ciia mgt trai tim khao khat yeu duong. Noi bat trong bai tho la ve d^p tarn hon thiet tha nong hau va niem khat khao ciia nguoi phu nu ve mot tinh yeu thiiy chung, bat diet. Cdu 3: Trong khocuoi bdi tha "Song", Xudn Quynh dd khdt vong dim gi? y nghta cua khdt vong ay ? Traloi: ' a. Trong kho cuoi bai tha "Song", Xuan Quynh da khat vpng: J, Lam sao dugc tan ra I Traloi: a Hinh anh dan ghita dugc mieu ta bdi nhvrng mau sic, ducmg net: Tieng ghita nau. Tieng ghita la xanh. - Mot quan ni^m nhan sinh cao d^p: tinh yeu chi c6 the vinh hang khi tinh yeu do hoa vao bien ion cua tinh yeu nhan loai. Xuan Quynh vie't bai tho nay khi ma dat nuoc dang chien tranh, nhieu CO gai chang trai phai chia tay nhau de vao chien truong. Dgc kho tho nay chiing ta cang thain thia ve d^p niem tin vao tinh yeu cua nhung con nguoi thoi dai ay. LORCA Thanh Thao Cdu 1: Gidi thich y nghta cdu detie "Khi toi chei hay chon toi v&i cay dan"? - Cay dan la bieu tugng cua van hoa TBN va cung la hanh trang cua Lorca tren con duong sang tao ngh^ thuat va tranh dau. Cau de t u the hi^n long yeu que huong da't nuoc va su gan bo sau nang cua Lorca doi voi dat nude TBN. - La d i nguyen va thong diep ciia Lorca: anh khong muon minh la cai bong qua ion ngan can buoc tien cua the he tre TBN. Anh hi vgng h^u the se vugt qua cai bong ciia minh de tie'p tuc sang tao ngh§ thuat. • '• Nhan de la chiec chia khoa mo ra the gidi cam xiic ciia Thanh Thao ve bai tho "Dan ghita cua Lorca". r, ' . Tieng dan la bieu tugng nghe thuat ciia Lorca, la the gidi nghe thuat ciia Do la khat vong dugc bat t u hoa tinh yeu, vinh ctm hoa tinh yeu. - ' . Y nghIa ctia vi?c mieu ta ay: b. Y nghia: DAN GHITA CUA ' Chiec ghita mau bac. De'ngan nam con vd I ' Tieng ghi ta rong rong mau chay. Giita bie'n l&n tinh yeu - ' Tieng ghita tron bgt nude. Thanh tram con song nhd 1.) Cdu 2: Hinh anh dan ghita dUQc mieu td bai nhitng mdu sac, dttbng net ndo ? ^^^y nghta? a. Dong thdi no ciing la bieu tugng ciia tam hon Lorca. . Qua nghe thuat nhan hoa ta tha'y, dan ghita cd nhihig bien doi sac mau, dudng net tao nen su bien ao da dang ciia tieng dan. Tieng dan cd mau nau A l D A D A T T £ N CHO DONG SONG tram tinh, xanh thiet tha h i vgng, do nhu mau mau tham, tron nhu bgt nude, biet khdc thuong "rong HoangPhu Lorca hi sinh , cay dan ciing chuyen thanh rong". Khi Nggc Tu&ng mau hu ao, cung Lorca "boi sang ngang/ tren chiec ghita mau bac". CduTieng dan ay ciing cd sinh menh, bie'tddt ten chobiet mat mat. Tieng dan 1. Noi dung: (Y nghta nhan de Ai dd dau ddn, ddng song. Hodc doan ^et tdc phd'm d?p bat t undo? ngh^ thu^t Lorca va tam hon ngudi chien si ay. ay chinh la ve la chi tiet ciia Ynghta ?) Tra Idi: - Chi tiet cuoi tac pham la chi tiet: cd mgt nha tho tir Ha N g i vao dung '•en cau Trang Tien nem tan thudc xuong chan cau va bang khuang hdi vdi trdi °i dat mgt cau: " A i da dat ten cho ddng song ?" ^ nghia: • Cau hdi tu tir dat ra " V d i trdi, vdi dat" dua nha van va dgc gia den v d i ^^nh trinh lich sir tim ve cgi ngudn va van hda dan tgc. Tir dd ddng song ^^ong hi^n ra tren nhieu phuong dien dia li, lich sir, van hda thi ca...Ket thiic but la mgt huyen thoai rat d?p, bgc Id cai toi trir tinh suy t u : "Con ngudi d ' bd da nau nude tram loai hoa do xudhg ddng song, de Ian nude thorn tho Tac gia giri gam vao day tat ca udc vgng mud'n dem cai D^p va tieng de xay dap van hda va Uch sir. - Nhan de va ke't thiic tac pham the hi^n ro chu de va phong each but ^ ciia tac gia giau siic gQi, tha'm dam chat tho. Qua do tac gia ca ngpi canh v,^j song Huang - Con song gan bo voi lich su, van hoa Hue'cua dan tpc ta.TP hi^n long yeu men say me canh vat, van hoa dat nuoc. Hinh anh dong song ([-^-^ nuoc dugc the hi?n bang tai nang cua mot cay but giau chat tri tu§, chat var, hoa va ngon ngu trong sang chgn loc, tinh te. Cdu 2: Doan song Huong chdy qua thdnh pho Hue, tac gid dd lien tudn song Huang voi nhitng nguoi phu nu ndo? Lien tuang nhu theco y nghia gi? • a. Doan song Huong chay qua thanh pho Hue, tac gia da lien tuong s6ng Huong voi nhung nguoi phu nu: nguoi tai nu danh dan liic dem khuya; hinh anh Thiiy Kieu chi tinh tro lai tim Kim Trong. ^ b. Y nghia: - Hinh anh "nguoi tai nir danh dan liic dem khuya" the hi^n s\f lien tuorig phong phii cua nha van de dien ta ve d^p van hoa Hue va am nhac cung dinh Hue boi "Toan bp am nhac c6 dien Hue duoc sinh thanh ngay tren mat nu6c cua dong song nay". - Hinh anh "Thiiy Kieu chi tinh tro lai tim K i m Trong" the hi?n ve d?p thuy chung ciia song Huong voi Hue. vo NHAT Kim Lan Cdu 1: Neu y nghia nhan de truy^ Tra lai: ngan "Va nhdt". ^^^Qdu2: Truyen ngan "Va nhdt" ma dau bang hinh dnh ndo? V nghta cua ^ftOng Mnh dnh ay ? J . Tray?n ng^n V g nhat md dau b i n g h i n h anh buc tranh ngay doi: ,^a\xbi chet nhu nga ra, khong buoi sang nao di lam dong lai khong thay vai |,a cai thay nguoi nam cong queo 6 ben v? duong; nhung gia dinh tir Nam pjrih. Thai Binh lii lupt bong be, dSt diu nhau len xanh xam nhu nhimg bong duoi nhiing goc da goc gao xu xi, bong nhiing nguoi doi d i lai dat do, ^gnh xam nhu nhiSng bong ma...) If, Y nghia: gia tri hi^n thuc sau sac, nha van to cao tpi ac tay trod ciia bpn (j,yc dan, phat xit va phong kien tay sai. Gia tri nhan dao: nha van bay to niem L-ain thong va niem xot thuong chan thanh toi so phan ciia con nguoi nam doi. Cdu 3: Bita an ngay doi trong tac pham "Vg nhat" dugc mieu ta nhu the nao? y nghia cua vi?c mieu td do ? a. Bira an ngay doi trong tac pham "Vg' nhat" dugc mieu ta: giiJa mpt cai met rach c6 dpc mpt liim rau chuoi thai roi, mpt dia muo'i an voi chao. Nieu chao long bong, moi lung hai bat da het n h l n . Ba cu T u le me bung len mpt noi che khoan".... "Cam day may a! Xom ta khoi nha chSng c6 cam ma an day". b. Mieu ta n h u vay, K i m Lan de lai may y nghia: - Nha van mieu ta tham canh ciia ca dan tpc trong nan doi kinh hoang nam 1945. Nguoi ta phai an ca cam de ton tai. Do la noi niem xot thuong v6 han ciia nha van doi voi con nguoi nam doi. - Biia an ngay doi ay qua ngoi biit Kim Lan con the hi^n gia trj nhan dao 5au sac. Nha van da ngpi ca ve dep tinh nguoi, su cuu mang, diim bpc ciia gia (Jinh ba cu T u vai nguoi dan ba "vp nhat". Dong thai nha van cung tin tuong >ao kha nang vuon day ciia cac nhan vat. Cdu 4: Truyen ngan "Vg nhdt" kei thuc hang hinh dnh ndo? Y nghia cua 'inh dnh ay ? a. Nhan de "Vgr nhat" thau tom gia tri npi dung tu tuong tac pham: "Nhaf a. Truyen ngin " V g nhat" ket thuc bang h i n h anh: trong 6c Trang bong di voi nhung thii khong ra gi. Than phan con nguoi bi re rung nhu cai rom, cai '^^y hi^n len hinh anh doan nguoi am am keo nhau d i tren de Spp, phia truoc rac, CO the "nhat" 6 ba't k i dau, bat k i liic nao . Nhung "vq" lai la su tran trong la CO do to lam. Nguoi vg- CO v i tri trung tam xay dung to am. Nguoi ta hoi v va mo ; a mpt ky nguyen moi dan Phap va phat xit Nh^t da gay ra nan doi khiing khiep nam 1945 (ho"^ H p n tpc, ky nguyen dpc lap dan tpc. tri^u nguoi chet doi). " • H Bpc Ip gia trj nhan dao sau sac: mo duong song cho nhan vat. 428 - Chinh ngon den dua M i den gan hon vai dem tinh. Liic nay la liic trong dau M i rap ron tieng sao, khat vpng dugc giai thoat manh li^t " Mi muon di chcfi"- Cau van nhip gap dien ta dugc su bung len ciia lua trong long M i "Mi rnuon di chai. My cung sip di chai. My quan lai toe. My vai tay lay cdi vdy hoa vat hia trong vdch". - Bi?t tai mieu ta tam ly nhan vat ciia To Hoai. rr,';,; i Cau 4: Y nghia hinh anh "Can buong Mi nam kin mit chi dpc mpt 6 cua, jnpt lo vuong bJing ban tay trong ra ngoai khong biet suong hay la ning". |i Traloi: vo CH6NG A PHU T6 Hoai \ Cdu 1: Y nghia cua tieng sdo trong dent tinh mua xuan d Hong Ngdi (y ( chong A Phu - To Hoi i) Tra 16i: - Tieng sao khi a xa: lap 16 nai dau nui; khi den gan: dau lang da c6 ai thoj sao ru ban d i chai, M j nghe tieng sao vong lai thie't tha boi hoi; khi nhap vag M i : M i ngoi nham tham bai hat cua nguoi dang thoi sao... - Tieng sao la hien than cua tuoi tre va tai nang ciia M i : M i thoi sao gjo, thoi la Cling hay nhu thoi sao. Co biet bao nguoi me, ngay dem da thoi sao cfj theo M j . - Tieng sao la qua khu la hoi uc tuoi d?p cua M j . Bay gia chinh tieng sao den ben M j , diu M i ra khoi lop v6 v6 cam. Tieng sao lam M i manh me han v6i hanh dong "Mi len lay hii rimu. Cie uong uc timg bat". - Tieng sao da khoi day sue song tiem tang va manh liet trong M j . Mj khat vong t u do, khat vong hanh phiic. r - Gian tiep mieu ta chon dia ngue tran gian nai giam cam tuoi tre, hanh phiic cua M j . - M i liic nao ngoi vao buong ciing trong ra cai 16 vu6ng ay. Chung t6 c6 luon khao khat dugc vugt ra kh6i bue tuang vo hinh kia de vuon toi anh sang. - The hien niem dong cam sau sac cua nha van tru6c so phan ciia nhan vat. RUNG XA NU NguySn Trung CAM 2; Trong tdc pham Vo cong A Phu, c6 may Idn Mj dinh an Id ngon detu tu ? Vt sao ? Y nghta cua nhitng chi tiet ay ? t) rsfe F Tra lai: Co 2 lan M j djnh an la ngon de t u tu. Lan thu nha't, khi M i moi bi bat ve Inm dau nha thong ly, dem nao M j cCing khoc, roi M i bo troh ve nha djnh cam nam la ngon t u tir truoc mat cha nhung thuang cha gia M j khong danh chet. Lan thu hai, trong tinh canh bj te li?t ve tinh than va vo cam, dem tinh miia xuan da danh thuc M i lam M j bung len sue song. Khi nghi ve A Su, M i tiii than, Mi udc C nam la ngon trong tay liic nay, M i se an cho chet ngay chu khong bu6n O nha lai nua. Y nghta: the hien sue song tiem tang manh liet cua nhan vat. Thanh Cdu 1: Trinh bay vai net ve tdc gia Nguyen Trung Thanh va hodn canh ra dai tdc pham Ritng Xd Nu? t Traloi: Nguyen Trung Thanh, ten khai sinh la Nguyen Van Bau, que 6 Quang am. Ca hai cuoe khang chien ch6ng Phap va Chong MT, ong deu gan lien vai chien truong Tay Nguyen. Tac pham: Da't nuoc dung len, Tren que huong nhimg anh hung Di^n W g Q c D a t Quang... B 2. Hoan canh ra doi tac pham. W Dau nam 1965, M i do quan 6 at vao mien Nam va tien hanh danh pha ac lift Cau 3: Y nghia hinh anh ngpn den trong doan van "My den gdc nha, '"^ ra mien Bac. Nguyen Trung Thanh va cac nha van mien Nam liic do mu6h viet dhg mo, xdn mot mieng, bo them vdo dia den cho sang. Trong dau My dang '''''I "hich thoi danh M i " . Rimg xa nu dugc viet vao diing thoi diem ma ca nuoc ta ran tieng sdo. My muon di chad. My ciing sap di chai. My quan lai toe. My. ^'^ ^dang trong khong khi sue s6i danh M I . Rung xa nu ra mat lan dau tien tren tay lay cdi vdy hoa vat phia trong vdch". '9p chi van nghf quan giai phong mien Trung Trung bp , sau do dugc in Tra 16i: rong tap "Tren que huong nhung anh hung Dif n Ngpc". - Nghia ta thuc: ngon den thap sang hon cho can buong von am dam Cdu 2: Tom tat tdc pham Rimg Xd Nu. day bong toi. Traloi: - Nghia tugng trung: ngon den xua tan bong to'i dang vay quanh Mi- Sau 3 nam di "luc lugng", Tnii ve tham lang. Be Heng gap anh 6 con cung la anh sang ciia tam hon c6 gai Meo dang hoi sinh sau nhiing lang udc Ion dan anh ve. Dem d6 duai anh liia xa nu bap bung, cu Met ke 1^1 cuge vo cam. /111 doi Tnii cho l u lang nghe. Ngay do. M y Nguy ve lang lung sue. Anh Xiit bj giac treo c6, ba Nhan bi giac chat dau. Tnii va Mai di vao rimg nuoi anh Quye't can bp. Anh day no hoc chu. No hoc chu thi hay quen nhung d i rung lam lien lac thi dau no sang la lung. No vugl: thac, xe rung ma di, lot tat ca vong vay ciia giac. Mot Ian Tnii vug-t thac Dac nong thi bi giac bat, bi tra tan, bi day (jj Kong Tum. Ba nam sau, Tnii vugt nguc tron ve, lung day thuang tich. Tnii doc thu tuy^t m f n h ciia anh Quyet gui cho dan lang X6 Man truoc khi anh tu thuang. Ca dan lang chuan bi vu khi danh giac. - ThMng Due chi huy don Dac Ha dua lu ac on ve vay rap lang. Tieng keu khoc vang day. Cu Met va trai trang lanh vao rung, bi mat bam theo giac. Bon giac da giet chet m? con Mai. Tay khong ra cuu vg- con, Tnii bj giac bat. Chung lay nhya xa nu dot chay 10 ngon tay anh. cu Met va lii thanh nien t u rung xong ra, dung mac, va rua chem che't tat ca 10 ten ac on. - Sau do, Tnii d i luc lugng gop phan giai phong que huang dat nuoc. Ket thiic cau chuy^n cu Met va Dit tien Tnii len duong. Ba nguoi dung nhin nhiing rung xa nu noi tiep chay den chan troi... Cdu 3: y nghia nhan de "Rung xd nu" ? Traloi: •« a. Y nghia ta thvrc: To cao tpi ac ke thu: Biic tranh thien nhien rung xa nu mo dau truy|n chiu nhieu dau thuong mat mat: "hang van cay, khong cay nao la khong bi thuong. Co nhiing cay bi dan dai bac chat dut ngang than minh, do ao nhu mpt con bao" Rung xa nu ciing hi^n len that hiing vi voi sue song manh li^t, sinh soi nay no khong ngung, bat chap dai bac tan pha moi ngay "Ben canh mgt cay Xa nu mai nga guc, da c6 4,5 cay con moc len ngpn xanh ron hinh nhpn mOi ten lao thang len bau troi". b. Y nghia tugmg t n m g : - Rung xa nu con la mpt bieu tupng cho the h? con nguoi Tay Nguyen anh hung "cay me nga, cay con moc len" ma cu the trong tac pham la nhan dan lang X6 Man voi nhung eon nguoi uu tii: cu Met (nguoi giu lua va truyen lua each mang) Tnii (vupt len hoan canh dau thuong voi hinh tupng doi ban tay tan phe), Dit (c6 bi thu chi bp nghiem khae, giau nghi luc), be Heng (con be nhung tinh than ehien dau thi anh dung tuy^t voi). Tat ca deu dung nen khong khi Tay Nguyen kieu hung, bi trang. - Nhan de Rimg xa nu con gpi len chit de tac pham ciing nhu cam hiing sir thi, bi trang cua thien truyen ngan dac sac nay. Rimg xa nu cung nhu con nguoi Tay Nguyen da bien dau thuong thanh hanh dpng, dung len theo Dang danh giac gin g i i i buon lang. P M 4; J\eu y nghia hinh dnh dot ban tay Tnu. Trk lin: a. Liic con nho, doi ban tay ay timg dupe cy Met cam lay ma day cho mpt chan ly each mang: "Dang con thi niii nuoc nay con". Doi ban tay kien tri hpc ^ g net chir eiia anh Quye't, can cii lam nuong phat ray. Doi ban tay dam cam ng cay xa n u canh la x u m xue n h u n h u n g con lam t u o n g la ke t h i i . V i ^ t dupe d u a ve m o t b^nh vien da chie'n. L i i c vet t h u o n g c h i m da d u l o n g mao, l o n g v u , d a n d a i bac k h o n g giet n o i c h i i n g . NhijTig vet sap lanh, anh Tanh giuc Viet vie't t h u ke chien cong cho c h i Chie'n. V i ^ t chan t h u o n g ciia c h i i n g chong l a n h n h u tren m o t co the c u o n g t r a n g " ; " D u n g tren chir v i thay thanh tich ciia m i n h chua x u n g dang v o i chj va m a . d o i xa n u canh con nuoc I o n , t r o n g ra xa den n g i i t t a m mat k h o n g thay g i khac Cdu 2: Neu y nghia nhan de "Nhiing diia con trong gia dinh" vd chu deciia thien truyen ngan nay cua Nguyen Thi. ngoai n h i i n g d o i xa n u n o i tiep nhau chay den tan chan t r o i " . - Y n g h i a : bieu t u p n g sue song m a n h l i ^ t cua thien n h i e n va c o n nguoi n o i day. The h? nay nga xuong, the h? khac d u n g len tiep tuc chie'n dau. D o la biic t r a n h toan canh cua cupc chie'n tranh nhan dan v i dai ciia d a n tpc ta. Cdu 7: Cuoi truyen ngan "Ritngxd nu" Id hinh dnh ndo ? Ynghia hinh anh do? a. C u o i truyen n g i n " R u n g xa n u " la hinh anh: " T n i i l a i ra d i . C u M e t \ D i t d u a a n h ra d e n r u n g xa n u gan con nuoc Ian. Tran d a i bac d e m qua da danh nga b o n n a m cay xa n u to. N h y a l i a ra 6 n h i i n g vet t h u o n g dang dong lai, l o n g l a n h nang he. Q u a n h d o v 6 so n h i i n g cay con dang mpc len. Co n h u n ^ cay m o i n h i i k h o i m a t da't, n h p n hoat n h u n h i i n g m i i i le. Ba n g u o i d i i n g 6 day n h i n ra xa. D e n h i i t t a m m a t cung k h o n g thay g i ngoai n h i i n g r u n g xa n u n o i tiep chay den chan t r o i " b . Y n g h i a : bieu t u p n g sue song m a n h li§t ciia thien n h i e n va con nguoi n o i day. The h§ nay nga xuong, t h e ' h | khac d u n g len tiep tuc chien dau. D o la buc tranh toan canh ciia cupc chien tranh nhan dan vT dai ciia d a n tpc ta. Tra l a i : a. Y n g h i a n h a n de: N h a n de " N h u n g d i i a con trong gia d i n h " k h o n g chi co gia trj thong bao ve v i t r i the he cua hai nhan vat chinh ma g o i nhieu y nghia: - D o la n h i i n g con n g u o i dupe n u o i d u o n g va t r u a n g t h a n h t r o n g gia d i n h CO t r u y e n t h o n g tot dep, dang t u hao. - - H p la n h i r n g con n g u o i da tiep n o i x i i n g dang t r u y e n t h o n g each m a n g cua gia d i n h . - K h a n g d j n h , n g p i ca m o i lien ke't ben chat, thieng lieng giira cae the he trong gia d i n h , giira con n g u o i v a i gia d i n h . G i i i a gia d i n h va xa h p i , da't nuoc. b. C h i i de: Q u a h o i l i c ciia Vi?t k h i b i t h u o n g ve n h i i n g t h a n h v i e n t r o n g gia d i n h , tac gia ca n g p i t i n h than y e u nuoc, t r u y e n t h o n g each m a n g ciia m p t gia d i n h cung la eiia n h a n d a n m i e n N a m t r o n g cupc k h a n g chie'n cho'ng De quoc M l x a m lupc. Cdu 3; Trong "Nhiing dua con trong gia dinh", chuyen dUQC thuat lai chu Veil qua ddng hoi tuong cua nhan vat ndo? Su thuat lai nhu vay co tdc dung the ndo v&i kit cdu truyen vd dot v&i vi^c thehien cdc nhdn vat, tinh tiei. (Y nghia tinhhudhg) 434 u-t' ' ' 435 Cty TNHH a. Trong "Nhtmg diia con trong gia dinh", chuyen dupe thu|t lai chu yeu qua dong hoi tuong cua nhan vat Vi#t: Day la mpt tinh huong truy?n dpc dao: trong mot tran danh 6 mot canh rimg cao su. Sau khi tieu di^t dugc mot xe hoc thep cua giac. Vi^t bj thuong nang va lac mat dong dpi. Giiia nhung lan ngat di tinh lai, Viet lai nho ve nhung ky ni?m gia dinh. Mach truy^n chap noi giua qua khu va hifn tai, dut noi ch^p chon. b. Tacdvng: - Loi ket cau dya vao dong hoi tuong nhu the lam cho truy?n giau cam xiic, dien bien linh hoat, khong phu thupc vao thoi gian, khong gian. Moi lan lien tuong, mpt so su kien dupe chap noi va cac thanh vien trong gia dinh lan lupt hi?n ra, dupe to dam dan dan. - Dong thoi ban than nguoi hoi tuong cung dan dan the hien dupe ban linh va tinh each cua minh, dac biet la trong moi quan h^ voi cac thanh vien trong gia dinh. Cdu 4: Cuoi doan trich "Nhung dHa con trong gia dinh" Id nhmg hinh dnh ndolYnghia nhimg hinh dnh ay: a. Hinh anh cuoi doan trich: "Chi Chien dung ra giua san, keo eai khan tren c6 xuong, cung xan tay ao de 16 hai bap tay tron vo sam do mau chay nang, roi dang ea than nguoi to va chac njeh cua minh nhae bong mpt dau ban tho ma len. Viet ghe vao mpt dau. Nao, dua ma sang 6 tam ben nha ehii, chiing con di danh giac tra thii cho ba ma, den chung nuoc nha dpc lap con lai dua ma ve. Viet khieng truoe. Chi Chien khieng bich bich phia sau. Nghe tieng ehan chi, Vi^t thay thuong chi 1?. Lan dau tien Vi?t mai thay long minh ro nhu the. Con moi thii thang Mi thi c6 the ro thay dupe, vi no dang de nang 6 tren vai. Hai chi em khieng ma bang tat qua day dat cay truoe cua, men theo chan vuan thoang mui hoa cam, eon duong hoi truoe ma van di de Ipi het dong nay sang bung khac" b. Ynghia: - The hien su dam dang, thao vat, biet cham lo viec gia dinh cua Vi$t va Chien. Cho thay hai chj em da truong thanh va eo the ganh vac mpi trpng trach ciia gia dinh va xa hpi. - Tinh cam ciia Vi?t danh cho chi: Vi?t thay thuong chi. Chung to Vif t tuy ngpe nghech, v6 tu nhung c6 tinh cam gia dinh sau sac. - Long cam thu giac cua hai chi em va noi dau thuong mat mat eiia gia dinh "Con moi thu thang My thi c6 the ro thay dupe vi no dang de nang 6 tren vai" - Co yeu to tam linh tao nen tinh cam thieng lieng, cam dpng. 436 ^ Ml \ \K/i„ng Vift Cdu 5: Cdu hd cua chu Nam dugc Vi$t cdm nhdn nhu the nao ? V nghta cdu hd cua chd Nam ? Tra loi: a. Cau ho cua chii Nam dvtgc Vi?t ckm nhan: "gipng ho da due va tuc nhu ga gay" ; "Khong phai gipng ho trong treo trong dem bay ra hai ben bo song, roi dpi lai tren eai ghe heo cheo muon ciia chii. Cau ho noi len giiia ban ngay, bat dau cat len nhu mpt hi?u l^nh duoi anh nang choi chang, roi keo dai, tung tieng mpt vo ra, nhan nhii, tha thiet, cuoi cimg ngat lai nhu mpt loi the du dpi". b. Y nghia cau ho ciia chii Nam: - Chii Nam da Ion tuoi, gipng ho khong hay "due va tvtc nhu ga gay". Nhung ehii rat hay ho. Viec ho nay nhu mpt net d?p van hoa ciia nguoi dan Nam Bp khi muon gui gam tam su. Moi khi chii Nam ho, hay dat tay len vai Viet, mat nhin thang vao mat Vi^t. - Cau ho ay la nhirng cham ngon ket tinh ciia ea mpt doi tung trai song nuoc, lan Ipn voi rupng vuon. No cung chua dung trong do nhiing gia tri dao li, tinh nghia, thuy chung. Tirng cau ho da tham vao tam hon hai chi em Chien va Vif t, la gia tri tinh than hun due tinh yeu gia dinh, yeu que huong dat nuoc cho chi em, dong thoi cung la nguon c6 vu hai chi em trong chien dau. CHl£c T H U Y £ N NGOAI X A I NguySn Minh Chau Cdu 1: Tom tat tdc phd'm "Chiec thuyen ngodi xa" ? Tra loi: Theo yeu cau ciia truong phong, ngh$ s nhiep anh Phung den mpt vung T ven bien mien Trung (cung la noi anh da tung chien dau) de chup mpt tain anh cho cuon Heh nam sau. Sau nhieu ngay "phyc kich", nguoi ngh? si da phat hi?n va chup dupe "mpt canh dat troi cho" - do la canh mpt chiec thuyen ngoai xa dang an hien trong bien som mo suong. Nhung khi chiec thuyen vao bo, anh da kinh ngac het muc khi chung kien tir chinh chiec thuyen do canh mpt ga chong vu phu danh dap nguoi vp het sue da man, dua con vi muon bao v^ m? da danh tra lai cha minh. Nhiing ngay sau, canh tupng do lai tiep dien va lan nay nguoi ngh^ si da ra tay can thi^p... theo loi moi eiia chanh an Dau (mpt '^guoi dong dpi cfl eiia Phung) nguoi dan ba lang chai da deh toa an huyfn. Tai *ay, nguoi phu nu ay da tu choi sv giiip do eiia Dau va Phiing, nhat quyet Cam nang luy$n thi dai HQC Ngit Van - Phan Danh Hieu khong bo lao chong v u phu. Chi da ke cau chuyen ve cupc doi minh va do cung la ly do giai thich cho su t u cho'i tren. Rod viing bien v o l kha nhieu anh, nguoi nghe SI da c6 mpt tain duoc chon vao bo lich "finh vat hoan toan" ve "thuyen va bien" nam ay. Tuy nhien, moi Ian dung truoc tarn anh, nguoi ngh§ sT deu thay hi$n len cai mau hong hong cua anh suong mai va neu nhin lau hon bao gio anh Cling thay hinh anh nguoi dan ba ngheo kho, lam lu ay buoc ra t u buc tranh. Cau 2: Tom tat tinh hudhg truyen "Chiec thuyen ngoai xa"? Neu y nghta tinh hudhg ? (Hoac: Ma ddu tdc pham "Chiec thuyen ngoai xa" nghe sy phung da phdt Men ra nhitng dieu gi 7 Ynghia?) Traloi: a. Tom tit tinh huong truy?n "Chiec thuyen ngoai xa": Nghe 31 Phimg den ven bien mien Trung chup tarn anh cho cuon lich nam sau, anh thay canh dep nhu tranh ve. Do la biic tranh chie'c thuyen ngoai xa an hien trong bau suong som. Canh d^p da lam anh ngay ngat, thang hoa. Thay "boi r o i " , thay "trai tim minh nhu c6 cai gi do bop that vao". Nhung khi chiec thuyen vao bo, anh lai chung kien dang sau chiec thuyen ngu p h u dep nhu trong mo ay la canh nguoi chong danh dap v g , nguoi vp- cam chiu, nhan nhuc. b. Y nghia tinh huong truy#n: - Qua hai phat hien cua nguoi ngh^ sT, nha van chi ra: cuoc doi chua dung nhieu nghich l i , mau thuan; khong the danh gia con nguoi, cupc song 0 dang ve be ngoai ma phai d i sau tim hieu, phat hien ben ban chat ben trong. - Tinh huong truyen mang y nghia sau sac, tharn thia, nhan marih moi quan he giiia nghe thuat va cupc doi. Cau 3: Trtnh bay y nghia nhan detdc pham "Chiec thuyen ngoai xa"? Tra lai: a. Nghia ta thyc: Chiec thuyen la bieu tupng cua biic tranh thien nhien dep va cupc song sinh boat cua nguoi dan lang chai "Truoc mat toi la mpt buc tranh muc tau cua mpt danh hpa thoi c6. Mm thuyen in mpt net mo ho loe nhoe vao bau suong m i l trang nhu siia c6 pha doi chiit mau hong hong do anh mat troi chieu vao. Vai bong nguoi Ion Ian tre con ngoi i m phang phac nhu tupng tren chie'c m u i khum khum, dang huong mat vao bo" b. Nghia bieu tirging: - La mpt an du ve moi quan he giiia cupc doi va nghe thuat. Do la chie'c thuyen c6 that trong cupc doi, la khong gian sinh song cua gia dinh nguoi hang chai. Cupc song gia dinh; dong con, kho kiem an, cupc so'ng tiing quan la nguyen nhan lam cho nguoi chong tro nen cue can, tho 16 va bien vp thanh doi tupng cua nhirng tran don. Nhung canh tupng do, nhung than phan do neu nhin t u xa, o ngoai xa thi se khong thay dupe. - V i ngoai xa nen con thuyen moi c6 don. Do la su don doc ciia con thuyen nghe thuat tren dai duong cupc song, don doc cua con nguoi trong cupc doi. Chinh su thie'u gan giii, se chia ay la nguyen nhan cua s\f be tac va \$m lac. Phimg da chup dupe chiec thuyen ngoai xa trong suong som - mpt ve (}^p thue don gian va toan bich, mpt chan l i ciia su toan thien. Nhung khi chie'c thuyen dam thang vao bo, chung kien canh danh dap vp eiia nguoi dan ong Icia, anh da kinh ngac... va v i i t chie'c may anh xuo'ng da't. A n h nhan ra rang, cai dep o ngoai xa kia ciing an chua nhieu oai oam, ngang trai va nghich li. Neu khong den gan thi chang bao gio anh nhan ra. Xa va gan, ben ngoai va sau thSm... do Cling la each nhin, each tie'p can ciia nghe thuat chan chinh. H6N TRuramG BA, DA HANG THIT { (Lmi Cau 1: Tom tatvokich Quang Vu) "Hon TruongBa, da hdngthit" ? r ,, > , Traloi: ' Truong Ba gioi danh c6 bi Nam Tao bat chet nham. Vi muon sira sai, nen Nam Tao va De Thich cho hon Truong Ba song lai va nhap vao xac hang thit vira moi che't. Trii nho linh hon trong the xac hang thit, Truong Ba gap rat nhieu phien toai: ly truong sach nhieu, chi hang thjt doi chong, gia dinh Truong Ba cam thay xa la..., ban than Truong Ba thi dau kho v i phai song trai hr nhien, gia tao. Dac biet than xac hang thit lam Truong Ba nhiem mpt so'thoi xa'u va nhung nhu cau von khong phai ciia chinh ban than ong. Truoc nguy co tha hoa ve nhan each va su phien toai do muon than xac ciia ke khac, Truong Ba quye't dinh tra lai xac cho hang thit va chap nhan cai che't de g i i i gin nhan pham trong sach "toi muon dupe la toi toan ven". Cau 2: Anh/chf hay trtnh hay xung dot chinh trong doan trich vcf kich kich "Hon Truong Ba, da hang thit" cua Lm Quang VU ? Hay neu y nghia tu tuang cua xung dot ay ? Traloi: J a. Xung dpt trong trich doan va kich : Doan tn'ch v d kjch c6 hai xung dot chinh la xung dot giiia hon Truong Ba v6i xac hang thit va xung dot giiia hon Truong Ba voi nhiing nguoi than trong gia dinh. Hon Truong Ba, tach ra khoi xac, b} xac hang thit che gieu da lam nhieu viec tho thien. Nguoi than xa lanh, trach mpc hon Truong Ba khie'n hon dau kho, dan v a t . , , A- b. Y nghia hr hrdng cua xung dgt: Tra loi: Q u a hai xung dpt nay, tac gia muon phe phan hi#n tugng tieu cvc trong xa a. Trong cupc tranh luan v a i D e Thich, Truong Ba da bay to quan n i f m ve hpi: mpt so'ngudi chay theo nhiing ham muon vat chat, bi the xac dieu khien , f^QC tro nen tha hoa, tho lo, pham tyc va phai song mpt each gia tao. Dong thai v6 pauon dupe la toi toan v e n " . . . "Song nho vao do dac, eiia cai nguoi khae da la kjch con gvri gam triet ly nhan sinh sau sac : y nghia s u song con ngudi la 6 su chuyen khong nen, dang nay den cai than toi cung phai song nho anh hang hai hoa giua the xac v a linh hon, a s u dau tranh v a i cai xau, cai ac de hoan thit. Ong chi nghl don gian la cho toi song, nhung song n h u the nao thi ong thi^n nhan each cao d? . . chang can bieV. - ay? a, T o m tit n g i n gpn man doi thoai giua T m o n g Ba va Xac hang thit: Trong man doi thoai nay, Truong Ba dua ra nhirng ly le day cay nghiet de phu dinh xac: " V 6 ly, may khong the c6 tieng noi. May chi la xac thit am u dui m u " ; "May chi la cai v 6 ben ngoai, khong c6 y nghia gi het, khong c6 tu tuong, khong c6 cam xiic"; "Ne'u c6 thi ciing chi la nhung thu thap kem ma bat ky con thii nao cung c6 dugc". - Xac dua ra nhung ly le de buQC tpi hon: " k h i ong dung ben canh vc? toi, tay chan ong run ray, hoi tho ong nong rue, c6 hpng ngh?n lai. D e m hom do suyt nua thi...". "tat thang con toet mau mom mau m i i i " . " T o i la cai binh de chua dung linh hon"... H a i hinh tugng hon Truong Ba va xac hang thit 6 day mang y nghia an dy. Mpt ben dai di|n cho s u trong s^ch, nhan hau va khat vQng song thanh cao, ximg dang voi danh nghia con nguoi va mot ben la s y tam thuong, dung tyc. N Q I dung cuoe doi thoai xoay quanh mpt van de giau fa'nh triet li, the hien cupc dau tranh dai dang giiia hai m^t ton tai trong mpt eon nguoi. T u do noi len khat vpng huong thi^n cua con nguoi va tam quan trpng ciia v i f c ty y thuc, ty chien thang ban than , ^ Q u a do ta thay: Truong Ba dupe song nhung la song nho song gui, song vay m u g n dang ho th?n vi phai chung dung voi sy dung tyc va bi s u dung tuc dong hoa. Tac gia canh bao: "gan m y c thi den, gan den thi sang". K h i con nguoi phai song trong dung tyc thi cai dung tyc se ngy trj, se dan thang the, lah at va se tan pha nhung gi trong sach, d?p de, cao quy trong con nguoi. - Boi vgy, song thi phai hai hoa giua the xac va linh hon, giua cai ben trong va cai ben ngoai, giiia npi dung va hinh thuc. Song phai hgp voi tao hoa. Cau 4: Trong CUQC tranh luan voi DeThich, n:.*fr,vm>rl^.t...^ ... / T h u nhat, con nguoi la mpt the thong nhat, hon va xac phai hai hoa. con nguoi bi chi phoi boi nhiing nhu cau ban nang cua than xac thi dung chi do tpi cho than xac, khong the ty an lii, v 6 ve minh bang ve d^p sieu hinh cua tam hon. Boi vay "Toi muon dupe la toi toan v^n". - T h u hai, song thyc s y cho ra con nguoi qua khong he de dang, don gian. Khi song nho, song giri, song chap va, khi khong dupe la minh thi cupc song ay that v6 nghia. NhCrng loi thoai cua Hon Truong Ba voi De Thich chung to nhan vat da y thuc ro ve tinh canh tro treu, day ti'nh chat bi hai cua minh, thain thia noi dau kho ve tinh trang ngay cang venh l^eh giiia hon va xac, dong thai cang chung to quyet tam giai thoat nung nau ciia nhan vat truoc liic De'Thich xuat hifn. Qua loi thoai chiing ta cang thay Truong Ba la con nguoi nhan hau, sang suot, giau long tu trpng. Dac bi?t, do la con nguoi y thuc dupe y nghia cua b. Y nghia triet ly qua man doi tho^i ay: - M y : • Khong the c6 mpt tam hon thanh cao trong mpt than xac pham tyc, tpi loi. K h i Trildi: - r-.r^n .^^k b. Y nghia h i ^ I i sau s i c : Cdu 3: Tom tat ngan gqn man dot thoai giua Truong Ba va Xac hang thit ? Neu y nghia triet ly qua man dot thoai song: " K h o n g the ben trong mot dang, ben ngoai mpt neo dupe. Toi Truong Ba da bay to quan ni^m vecuQC song nhu the nao? Y nghia cua nhitng quan ni^m ay? cupc song. Cdu 5: Khi DeThich yeu cau Truong Ba nhap vao xac cu Ti, Truong Ba da CO thai dg nhu the nao ? Tai sao Truong Ba khong chap nhan song trong than xac cu Ti ? Tra loi: a. K h i D e T h i c h y e u cau Truong Ba nhap vao xac cu T i , T r u o n g Ba da c6 thai dp: - Liic dau, phan van, tuong tupng ra canh minh song trong xac cu T i , se •^ong on v i : v p va cac eon toi, chau toi se nghl n h u the nao khi toi mang hinh '^ai ciia mpt dua tre len muoi. Se n h u the nao khi bac Truong Hoat, va nhirng foi than mat di, ma minh thi cu tre mai, se song c6 don n h u "ong khach > tro giua nha". i , Sau do, dut khoat: toi da nghl ky roi ong De Thich a. Toi khong nhap vao ai nua. Toi da ehet roi. H a y de toi chet hJin. Tai sao T r u o n g Ba khong chap nhan song trong than xac cu T i V i Truong Ba hieu dupe nhung rae ro'i khi trii ngy trong rhan xac ciia dua tre len m u a i . Cam nang luy$n thi dai hpc Ngu Van - Phan Uann - Cty TNHH MTV Fimi V( T r u o n g Ba nhan hau, k h o n g muo'n gianh lay s u song ciia cu T i de gay d a u k h o cho c h i L u a . Chap nhan h i sinh de cmi cu T i . - Cdu 6: Man ket canh VII, Hon Truong CUQC N G H I LUAN X A Ba, da hang thjt la hinh anh ndo ? ' NHO^JG Y £ U C A U K H I L A M V A N N G H I L U A N X A I Canh k h u v u a n ciia T r u o n g Ba. T r u o n g Ba hoa than vao nhiSng h i n h anh quen thuoc t r o n g gia d i n h : "Anh lua ba na'u com, con dao ba giay c6, cau ao ba v o gao, t r o n g m o i t r a i cay cai Gai nang n i u " . - C u T j song lai va d a n g ciing ngoi v a i cai Gai t r o n g k h u v u a n . Cai Gai " L a y hat N a v i j i x u o n g dat... "cho no moc thanh cay m o i . 6ng n p i t o bao the. 2. N a m d u g c cau true t u n g loai de de bam vao viet cho d u n g . 3. N o i d u n g t r o n g tam, l a i van, cau van, doan v a n viet phai c6 due, ngan gon. Lap luan phai chat che. Cam xuc trong sang, lanh m a n h . 4 . K h o n g lay n h i r n g dan c h i i n g chung chung se k h o n g to't cho bai lam. D a n chiing phai c6 t i n h thuc te'va thuye't phuc. 5. Viet k h o a n g 3 trang giay t h i la v u a d i i cho 600 t u n h u yeu cau cua de bai. Khong viet qua d a i dong, Ian m a n se gay k h o chiu cho n g u a i chain ( A n h Huang nhij-ng cau N h i i n g cay se n o i n h a u ma k h o n Ian. M a i m a i . . . " b. Y nghia: - D o a n ket giau chat t h o the hien t i n h than lac quan a i a v a k i c h . Truong Ba chet n h u n g h i n h anh ciia T r u o n g Ba la bat t u , b o i o n g da c6 cho de phuc sau) jgnyl; 6. Doc k y de, gach chan d u a i t u , c u m t u quan t r g n g de giai t h i c h va lap luan cho d u n g . n. C A C D A N G N G H I L U A N X A H O I V A C A U T R U C L A M B A I ATUTa6MGDAOLY sinh. D o c h i n h la s u p h u c sinh t r o n g trai t i m cua n h i i n g n g u o i t h a n y e u . - HOI 1. Doc k y de, p h a n bi^t d u g c t u t u a n g dao l y hay hien t u g n g d o i song. "•"'"i,,>: a. Cac h i n h a n h t r o n g d o a n k e t : - H0I song v 6 nghia. y nghia ? Tralai: Khang Vi^t 0myenM4 V i T r u o n g Ba da t h a m thia h i kich song nho, song g u i , song k h o n g du^c la m i n h . Song m a gay dau k h o cho bao n g u o i t h i d o la DWH Tac gia g i r i g a m t h o n g diep ve cuoc song: s u song that su co y nghia khi I. K H A I con n g u o i d u g c song t u nhien, hai hoa giira the xac va t a m h o n . H a n h phuc - N g h j luan ve m o t t u t u o n g , dao ly la ban ve m g t v a n de thugc ITnh v u c N I E M cua con n g u o i la chien thang d u o c ban than, chien t h a n g s u d u n g tuc, hoan tu t u a n g , dao due, quan d i e m nhan sinh ( n h u cac v a n de ve nhan thuc; ve t a m thi^n d u g c n h a n each va v u a n t o i n h i i n g gia t r j ve t i n h than cao q u i . hon nhan each; ve cac quan h | gia d i n h xa h g i , each u n g x u ; lo'i song ciia con nguoi t r o n g xa h o i . . . ) - •!•!< Ve each l a m loai de nay, truoc het phai g i d i thi?u k h a i quat t u tuang den cho ta bao dieu hay, y d?p: - no da chi ra dupe nhirng tac hai ciia (...): neu bieu hien va chung minh. b. T u y nhien ben eanh nhiing bieu hi^n tieu eye da phan tich 6 tren ta thay con c6 nhieu h i f n tupng tot d?p can tuyen duong: (neu bieu hien) thuc va hanh dpng: V e nhan thuc, ta thay day la mpt van de xa'u nhieu tac hai ma moi chuf"? ta can dau tranh va loai bo ra khoi ban than minh va xa hpi. - V e hanh dpng, chung ta can: hpc tap va ren luyen nhan each, song d^p... (tu suy nghi va viet tiep) III. K E T B A I T o m lai, ... 446 " T a m l o n g " trong CUQC song de biet cam thong va ehia se: trong cupc song, khi mpt niem vui dupe cho di la chiing ta dang nhan doi niem vui ay, khi lochia sot mpt noi buon, noi buon ay se voi di. K h i con nguoi ta biet quan tam inhau thi thegioi nay khong con kho dau va bat hanh. 3. Tvr vi^c phan tich d tren moi ca nhan can nit ra cho m i n h bai hpc nh?" - T r i n h C o n g Son muon khang dinh: song trong dai song, moi nguoi can phai de mong dupe tra on va eiing khong phai de pho truong bay trang sue su bat luang" c6 y nghia gi ? " C a u tha" c6 nghia la lam viec thieu trach nhiem, 2. Ban luan DAN I. M O B A I : Xa hpi hi^n dai ta ngay nay dang dung truoc nguy co bj can D e ra: Viet mot bai van nghi luan (khoang 600 chii) trinh bay suy nghi cug Giai thich v e ' l , ve 2 roi giai thich ca cau. CHUDESONGDEP 1: Viet hai van ngan (Khoang 600 tu) ban ve cau hat: "Song trong doi thi thuong ra duoi dang mpt y kien, mot cau noi, tyc ngu, ngan n g u . . . I. M O B A I HI/6NG D A N C U THE PHAN NQI DUNG ' T a m l o n g " trong cupc song de tha thu va khoan dung: Day chinh la *i dp song rpng luong vai nguai khac (nhat la voi nhung nguoi gay ra dau 0 cho minh) doi lap voi long do' kj, djnh kien, thanh kien. Chiing ta nen •' ig den mpt cupc song ma khong co s u ich ki, han thu, chien tranh. Chiing ^ • h chung sue vi mpt neji hoa binh tu chinh moi nguoi. •P " T a m l o n g " cua eon nguoi chinh la s y dung earn ciing chinh la due h i ^'fih ciia eon nguoi. D o chinh la sue chiu dyng, chap nhan nhirng thi?t thoi 447 ve n i l i i h ; 1 > i i n ^ L . U I I L I dam xa than vi l i tuong cao dep, i ^ L i m d u o n g d,)u ^ thu thach, dam doi di#n. Cpi nguon cua long dung cam chinh la dam tin vao nhijng dieu tot d^p. Dam tin vao nhirng dieu tot d^p khien con nguoi c6 the lam dugc nhieu dieu. ^ 2. Binh luan y kien: a. Y nghia cua cau noi: - M o uoc lam dieu Ion lao la nguyen vpng chinh dang, can thiet cua moi ^guai, can dupe hoan nghenh, khuyen khich. Mpt em be mo uoc minh tro thanh phi eong, mpt bae sT, mpt nha khao c6 hpc... do la dieu dang khich 1^. ( b. Tir vi^c phan tich 6 tren ta can phe phan nhimg ke song thieu "tain long", i - Song ich ky, nho nhen, chi bie't lo vun ven cho ban than. - - Nhung phai luon y thuc dupe rang: Cupc song con nguoi von la tong y^oa cac moi quan he xa hoi, nhan each con nguoi ciing dupe tao nen boi su ket hpp b\nh d i f n t u nho den Ion (hanh vi, dao due, 161 song,...). Y nghia cua cupc s6'ng cQng dupe kien tao t u nhung dieu don so, binh dj. (Dat Nuoc trong tho Nguyen Khoa Diem that tuoi dep bie't bao tir nhiing dieu be nho binh di nhu mie'ng trau ba an, cau chuy^n m? ke, cay tre danh giae...). Do la !6i song bieu hi^n sy ngheo nan ciia tarn hon. 3. Qua day, moi chiing ta can nit ra cho minh bai hpc nhan thiic va hanh dgng: Ve nhan thuc ta thay: day la ca t u the hif n mpt 161 song d^p, la dieu caVi - CO 6 moi con nguoi trong cupc song. Ve hanh dpng ta can: Khong ngimg ren l u y f n pham chat dao due tot - - T u nhung dieu be nho, tich liiy nhieu cai be nho thanh nhung dieu Ion lao. Neu kh6ng eo kien thuc gop nhat t u mau giao cho den he't lop 12 lam sao ta CO the dii vung tin de vao doi. dep, ren luyen "tarn long" minh cho y nghia; phe phan su tho o, v6 tam, v6 cam trong xa hoi. Lam vi?c tot moi ngay. . III. K E T B A I ft Tom lai, nhiing ca tir cua nhac si Trinh Cong Son da giiip ta hieu sau sac b. Phe phan: Loi nghi, each noi nguy bifn: vi viec Ion ma quen vi^c nho, muo'n tro thanh vT nhan ma quen minh cung la mpt con nguoi binh thuong. 3. Bai hpc nhan thuc va hanh dpng: hon ve gia tri cua "tarn long" trong cupc doi. Moi con nguoi song trong xa hoi, trong mot cpng dong chiing ta can ket noi nhirng tam long ay lai voi nhau. Co nhu vay xa hoi moi thoat ra khoi can b f nh v6 cam. | 2: Viet bdi van (khodng 600) ti( ban vey nghia cua cdu noi: "Ai cung tnuon lam dieu gi do rat Ian lao, nhung lai khong nhan ra rang cuoc song duoc tap thdnh tic nhimg dieu rat nho" (Frank A.Clark) Hl/ONG D A N i II. T H A N BAI ,, 1 . Giai thich: " A i cung muo'n lam dieu gi do rat Ion lao": Khat vpng v u a n toi nhirng cai dich Ion ciia moi con nguoi, lam thay doi CUQC song theo huong di le^ tot dep hon. - "Nhung lai khong nhan ra rang cupc song dupe tao thanh t u nhung die^ ra't nho": song khong y thuc dupe nhung viec Ion bao gio ciing phai bat dau ^ nhung vi^c nho, n h u dong song dupe tao ra t u nhieu con suoi, mot sa mac ba' dau t u nhirng hat cat... - Y ca cau: con nguoi luon c6 khat khao lam nhung dieu Ion lao, ki vT lai quen rang phai bat dau t u nhiing dieu rat nho be, binh thuong. 448 - Ve hanh dpng ta can: Thuong xuyen ren luyf n due tinh kien nhan, bat dau tir nhi>ng viec lam nho de c6 the huong toi nhirng dieu Ion lao. Hpc tap cau noi cua Ho Chii Tjeh: "Dieu gi phai thi eolam cho ky dupe d i i la dieu phai nho. Dieu gi trai thi eo tranh cho ky dupe dii la dieu trai nho". III. KETBAI Danh gia chung ve van de. ffk I . M O B A I : Neu van de, dan cau noi vao. - Ve nhan thuc ta thay: Con nguoi phai luon c6 y thuc kiem soat hanh dpng va nhan thuc rang viec gi nho may ma c6 ich kien quyet lam cho bang dupe. ,«/J 3; Viet bdi van nghi ludn (Khodng 400 tu) trinh bay suy nghi cua Anh/chj veldt songgidn di. H Hl/ONG D A N M O BAI •HlTong cupc song, con nguoi c6 nhieu pham chat dang quy nhu: long nhan •'long t u trpng, long diing cam, y chi nghj lue, niem tin, 16'i s6'ng gian d j . . . ^rong do, loi song gian dj la due tinh quy bau cua eon nguoi. n. T H A N B A I !• Giai thich: Truoc he't ta can hieu thenao la 161 song gian dj ? "Loi song gian d j " la 161 ^'^'^g don gian, khong cau ky, phue tap, kh6ng khoa truong, xa hoa. Song phii ^ V o l hoan eanh ban than va xa hpi. Do la 161 s6'ng lanh manh, chuan muc. 2. Ban luan: a. Tir each giai thich da neu a tren, ta thay loi song gikn di la loi song mang nhieu y nghia thiet thyc: - Gian di chinh la su ke't hp-p giua ve d?p ben ngoai va ve d?p ben trong tarn hon. Loi song gian dj the hi^n su chuan myc trong each an m&c, tac phong, loi noi. (Chu tich Ho Chi Minh la tain guong sang ve loi song gian dj; To'ng thong Jumjca ciia Urugoay, thay vi song trong dinh thy sang trpng do nha nuoc cap lai chgn song trong ngoi nha nong trang xieu v^o, nam tren con duong dat ban; mpt tong thong tu tay canh tac, song voi muc thu nhap hang muc trung binh ciia nguai dan trong nuac. Con bao nhieu tien ciia deu danh cho tu thi^n) fF,->t on'.: ( - Gian di khong chi bieu hi^n 6 loi noi, 6 each an mac va vi^c lam ma con the hi^n qua suy nghi, hanh dpng ciia moi nguoi trong CUQC song va trong nhCrng hoan canh nha't dinh. - Nguoi CO 161 song gian dj se dup-c mpi nguoi yeu men, ne phuc. b. Tuy nhien ben canh nggi ca loi song gian di ta cung can phe phan loi song phung phi, xa hoa, dua doi: - Chay theo 161 s6'ng thoi thupng, tu cho minh la sanh dif u. - Tinh trang quan chuc an choi xa hoa. 3. Tu vi^c phan tich 6 tren ta can nit ra cho minh bai hpc nhan thuc va hanh dpng. - Ve nhan thuc ta thay: L61 song gian di la 161 song lanh manh, chuan myc. Can phan bi^t nhijng hanh vi the hi?n 161 s6'ng gian di voi cac hanh vi khac nhu : luom thuom, cau tha, so sai hay noi nang cpc 16'c, trong kh6ng. - Ve hanh dpng ta can: Chiing ta phai c6 y thuc ren luy^n de c6 161 song tiet ki^m, thuc hanh tiet kif m chong lang phi; Hpc tap 161 s6'ng gian di cua Bac Ho. Bac Ho la tam guong sang ve 161 song gian di. Nguoi dan Vi?*: Nam kh6ng ai quen dupe hinh anh quen thupc cua Bac trong bp quan ao bp dpi son mau, d6i dep cao su di nhieu den mon v?t, 5n uong don gian "Chao be rau mang van sin sang". Kh6ng chi 6 chien khu Vi?t Bac, khi ve thu d6 Ha N p i , Bac o trong ng6i nha san gian dj voi nhirng hua com thanh dam, dep cao su quat la cp. Ca cupc doi Bac Ho la mptbai hpc Ion cho chiing ta ve due tinh gian dj. III.KETBAl Y thuc dupe su can thiet va Ipi ich, vai tro aia 161 song gian di, ban than toi se lu6n luon ren luy^n cho minh 161 song gian di mpt each thuc chat, chan thanh. i)e 4: Suy nghi cua anh chi velai day cua Phat: "Tdi san Ian nhai cua dot ngito^ chinh la long khoan dung". If^ • HLfONGDAN ' I.M6BAI Jp Trong cupc song ciia chiing ta, mo rpng long khoan dung, tha thu dp lupng la mpt trong nhung due tinh, pham chat v6 cung cao quy, tot d?p ciia eon nguoi. Vi vay, Phat - nguoi dupe xem la hi?n than ciia long bac ai da xem do la jTipt thu tai san v6 gia. Nguoi da day chiing sinh rang: "Tai san Ion nha't ciia doi nguoi chinh la long khoan dung". II. THAN BAI 1. Truac het ta can hieu loi day nay c6 y nghia nhu the nao? "Tai san" la sv so hiiu ciia ca nhan hay tap the ve mpt gia tri vat chat hay tinh than c6 y nghia rat ion. "Khoan dung" la long rpng lupng, bao dung, thuong yeu eon nguoi, san sang tha thu, kh6ng khat khe, kh6ng trung phat, hoac san sang xoa bo nhiJng loi lam ma nguoi khac (thuong la nguoi duoi) da pham phai. Nhu \%y ca cau nay c6 y nghia la: long khoan dung la pham chat cao quy ciia con nguoi la thii tai san eo gia tri cao nha't ciia eon nguoi. ,, 2. Ban luan: a. Tu each giai thich da neu b tren, ta thay long khoan dung ciia con nguoi teong cupc doi mang lai nhieu y nghia cao d?p. - Trong con nguoi ta, c6 phan tot va phan xa'u, phan thien va phan ac, phan nguoi va phan con. Chinh long bao dung da gop phan tay rua phan con, to dam them phan nguoi, pham gia lam nguoi. i - Mat khac, long khoan dung se la mpt yeu to' quan trpng dem Igi su binh yen, hoa thuan, than thi^n cho xa hpi va gia dinh. - Khi ta the hi^n long khoan dung voi ai do thi tam hon ta cam tha'y thanh than, nh? nhang vi da lam dupe mpt dieu c6 y nghia ciia pham chat nhan ai, vi nhu the la kh6ng pham vao su nho nhen, h?p hoi, trai voi pham chat quy gia cua con nguoi. - Mat khac, khoan dung, tha thu 16i lam cho nguoi khac thi c6 the cam hoa •lupc hp. Khi dupe nhan long khoan dung eiia ta, thi ban than nguoi do se an '^Sn hoi loi, tu tu chinh ban than minh, sua chi>a 16i lam va c6 the biei on ta '^Q'a, de tu do kh6ng tie'p tuc pham 16i ma hp da tung mac phai. (Nha chinh ^ach khoan hong ciia nha nuoc, nhieu tuong cuop da hoan luong tro thanh ^on nguoi c6 fch cho xa hpi) b. Tuy nhien ben canh sy ngpi ca ve long khoan dung ta ciing can phe Phan loi song ich ky, co chap, thii dai. *' " 450 - Tac hai cua loi song ay: lam cho con nguoi song voi nhau chi c6 ich ky, han tlnu. 3. Tvr v i | c phan tich a tren ta can nit ra cho minh bai hpc nh?n thuc va hanh dpng: - Ve nhan thuc ta thay: long khoan dung lam cho tarn hon ta tro nen thanh thien, cao thupng va giau c6 hon. Dung nhu mot triet gia nao do da noi: su ngheo nan ve cua cai vat cha't khong dang so bang su ngheo nan ve tam hon. V i the, ta phai lay su khoan dung, su nhuong nhin lam phuong cham xu the: "Mot su nhin, chin su lanh" - Ve hanh dpng ta can: ren luypn nhan each, pham gia, song biet yeu thuong, se chia, dong cam; biet kiem che nhung cam xiic nong gian va hoc each yeu thuong, v i tha, khoan dung. III. K E T BAI Tham thia loi day cua Phat, ban than moi chiing ta, phai khong ngung tu ren luyen, phah dau boi dap cho minh c6 long khoan dung rpng Ion. Long khoan dung la tai san v6 gia cua con nguoi va cung la phuong cham d6"\n xir the tot nha't de nhSm hoan thi^n nhan each ban than va dua lai su binh an cho cupc song. 5; "Toi da khoc vi khong c6 gidy de di cho Am khi tot nhin thay mot ngucri khong co chan dedi gidy" (Helm Keller - nhd van My) i BAI LAM J (Bai cua hpc sinh Nguyen Tam Giang, chuyen Van - Quoc Hpc Hue) Cupc song qua that rat ki la. Co nhirng con nguoi sinh ra dupe huong day du mpi uu ai vat chat va tinh than. Nhung lai c6 nhung nguoi bat hanh mat di mot phan uu ai do. Va tro treu thay khi nhi>ng nguoi co day du mpi thu lai thuong cam thay khong thoa man khi thieu di mot thu vat chat thong thuong nao do. Hp cu mai nghi ve ban than minh ma khong biet rang xung quanh con CO biet bap nhieu nguoi con kem may man hon minh rat nhieu. N u nha van Hellen Keller da tung nhu the cho den mot ngay ba chpt nhan ra nhi>ng ma\ man ma minh dupe huong, ba tam su "Toi da khoc vi khong co giay de di cho den khi toi nhin thay mot nguoi khong co chan de di giay". Loi tam su chai^ thanh do da danh thuc biet bao cam xiic trong trai tim moi nguoi. Khong de cap true tiep den van de hay neu ra bai hpc, chi bang mot cau ke rat thuc nhung ehua dung nhieu y nghla sau xa, Hellen Keller da khien moi nguoi phai suy ngam, phai nhin nhan lai nhung gi minh dang co de tran trpng' degiij-gin. ,.,,,„,,,; , ., <:>"•-• Toi da khoc vi khong co giay de di" do la mot loi thii nhan rat chan thanh, ung thuc boi le doi voi nhfrng nguoi soiSg ti-ong du day, quen co dii mpi thu thi se cam thay buon, thS'y ch^n nan khi;kh6rtg c6 "giay" hay co the noi la nhiJng phu kien vat cha't;can thiet de lam d?p cho minh, lam minh t u tin. Toi (ja thay nhieu co be, cau be, nhieu ban hpc sinh-nhirng nguoi sinh ra dupe phan tinh yeu thuong cua bo me, dupe song hanh phiic, am no... tro nen buong binh, gian doi hay khoc vi bo m? khong dap ung nhij-ng nhu cau cua rninh, tham chi co nhung nguoi nong noi vi gian bo me ma bo nha di hay lam bat cu viec gi de dupe thu minh muon. The nhung, hp dau biet rang 6 ngoai xa lipi, 6 xung quanh chiing ta hay tham chi ngay canh nha ban lai co nhung canh (jai bat hanh, ton tai biet bao con nguoi "khong co chan de di giay". Hinh anh rat thuc ay noi ve nhung nguoi khuyet tat hay noi rpng ra la nhCrng nguoi thieu may min, nhung nguoi sinh ra da khong dupe cupc song, dupe tao hoa thuong yeu de ban tang nhOng thu can thiet cho moi con nguoi. Hai ve cau doi lap trong loi tam su cua nha van M y dupe ket noi voi nhau boi cum tu "cho den khi toi nhin thay" giong nhu mot su nhan thuc, mpt loi thuc tinh doi voi biet bao nguoi. Song tren doi dau phai chi co rieng minh gap kho khan hay thieu thon. Hay tu nhin ben ngoai kia con biet bao nguoi kem may man hon, ho khong chi thieu thon vat chat, khong chi thieu thon tinh thuong ma co nguoi con khong the t u cham soc minh, phai song nho vao nguoi khac hay phai nhan nhiing anh nhin tpi nghiep cua nguoi xung quanh. Nhirng nguoi nhu vay moi thuc su la kem may man, dang de "khoc" hon ehiing ta. Doe loi tam su cua Hellen, toi chpt nho den nguoi thay giao dang kinh Nguyen Ngpc Ky - nguoi bj tat nguyen doi tay va phai dung doi chan cua minh de tap viet. Da nhieu Ian, nhung kho khan, vat va, nhung Ian bj chupt rut (Jen quap ea ban chan, dau don den va mo hoi nhung sue manh ciia niem tin, sue manh dupe nhan len ca voi su mac cam doi voi cupc song da giiip thay (liing vung", dung cam buoe tiep va tro thanh mpt nha giao uu tu. Hay nhiing cau hpc sinh bj mat doi chan, nhung nguoi mu hoac khong the noi "hung bang tri 6c, hhng nhCrng gi ma hp con lai van dung cam vupt qua kho •^han de song tot d?p. Toi tin chic rang khong it Ian hp roi nuoc mSt, khong it '^n muon bo cupc nhung hp van can dam, chinh nhiing gi hp dang thieu hay •^hong CO da thuc day hp, dem den sue manh giiip hp thanh eong Vay thi moi <^hung ta, nhirng nguoi co day dii chan tay, nhung nguoi co the lao dpng de '^^oi song minh tai sao phai buon khi ta thieu di mpt doi giay hay chiee ao, chiec ^''an? Hay nhin nhijng tam guong do, hay soi minh vao do de \\f hoi va hr biet {t^^ ta hon hp nhijng gi nhung lai thua hp nhung thu can ban nay. Co mpt ^^^t gia noi tieng da noi rang: "Toi hanh phiic vi co dii ea tay Ian chan". Dupe ra trpn v^n la mpt eon nguoi, dupe co the bang doi tay va doi chan de hj' lao dpng, t v n u o i song ban than, k i e m d u o c d o n g tien chinh nghla da la m p t hai\^ phiic I o n nhat ca d a i n g u o i ! D u n g v i n h u n g t h u nho nha't, n h i i n g vat phorig than ben ngoai ma t u cho m l n h la kho, ma danh mat sue m a n h cua m i n h . T r u o c het ta can hieu "y chi n g h i luc" la gi? Y chi n g h i luc la s u d i i n g cam, la fighi luc p h i t h u a n g , la ban ITnh ciia con n g u o i v u p t qua m p i kho khan va t h i i thach de v u o n t o i thanh cong. Chi la m p t l o i tarn su, cam nhan n i t ra t u cupc son^, t u thuc te m i n h quar, Bieu h i ^ n ciia y c h i n g h i lye do la n h i i n g t a m g u o n g d a m sorig, d a m thanh sat n h u n g H e l l e n Keller da thuc t i n h , da danh len m p t h o i chuong bao dprig cong n h u chang trai k h o n g tay, k h o n g chan N i c k Jivucie, thay giao N g u y e n cho n h i i n g n g u o i chi cham cham n g h i den m i n h , ich k i hay t u t i . L o i tam sy (j^ jvjgpc K y , chang t r a i N g u y e n Son Lam... da t r o thanh m p t bai hpc y nghla m p t chiem n g h i f m sau sac k h o n g chi danh rieng cho m p t ca nhan nao m a la cho tat ca m p i n g u o i ve m p t cupc song, rnpt each song tich eye t r o n g xa h p i : Phai bie't an cupc song ban cho ta n h u n g dieu dang quy, hay tran t r p n g n h i i n g g i m i n h dang c6 va co gang het siic m i n h de gianh lay n h i i n g gi m i n h m o n g muo'n. D u n g bao gio b u o n g x u o i b a i "khong c6 T u giai thich va n h i i n g tam g u o n g tieu bieu tren, ta thay y chi nghj l y e co vai tro quan t r p n g t r o n g cupc d o i m o i eon n g u o i . T h i i nhat, y chi nghj l y e tao cho ta ban ITnh va l o n g d i i n g cam. N g u o i co y chi va n g h i l y e la n g u o i l u o n d u o n g dau v o i m p i kho khan t h i i thach, la n g u o i dam n g h i , d a m l a m , d a m song. Chang trai N g u y e n Son L a m , chi cao ehua day gi la k h o n g the"! H a y song d i i n g cam va kien c u o n g n h u c6 be A y a trai qua mpt met, d i phai chong nang n h u n g lai g i o i ba t h i i tieng, t i r n g t h i V i ^ t N a m nam thang b^nh tat, da qua d o i t r o n g nuoc mat t h u a n g tiec cua m p i n g u o i va Idol 2010, n a m 2011, anh la n g u o i da chinh p h y c d i n h Phanxipang va t r o thanh n h i i n g doa h o n g d o t h a m bao quanh. n g u o i k h u y e t tat V i ^ t N a m dau tien d^t chan len d i n h n i i i nay m a k h o n g can N g u o i chien t h a n g cuoi cung chua han la n g u o i m a n h nhat m a la n g u o i c6 d i i niem t i n , d u n g cam va n g h i luc nhat. den sy g i u p d o cua n g u o i khae. T h i i hai, y chi nghj lye g i i i p chiing ta khae phue n h i i n g kho khan va t h i i Cupc song k h o n g lay het ciia ai d i e u g i va con d u o n g d i d e n thanh cong thach, ren eho ta niem t i n va thiic day chiing ta l u o n h u o n g ve phia truoc, v i i n g k h o n g phai bao g i o d i n g trai day hoa hong. C h i n h v i the hay song tich cue de tin vao t u o n g lai. D i i n g n h u n g u o i p h u o n g Tay t u n g n o i " H a y h u o n g ve anh den " k h i ehiing ta qua d o i , m p i n g u o i khoe con c h i i n g ta euoi". Nu nha van M i sang, m p i bong t o i se nga sau l u n g ban", N i c k Jivucie t i m g n o i " K n o n g co mue H e l l e n Keller t h u c s u da t i m ra m p t chan l i cupc song, m p t each song d?p, song tieu nao qua Ion, k h o n g co uoc m o nao qua xa v o i " , chi D a n g T h i i y T r a m t u n g tot va q u a n t r p n g h o n het la de lai m p t bai hpc dang q u y cho tat ca c h i i n g ta. noi " D o i phai trai qua giong to' n h u n g khong dupe ciii dau truoc giong to"... tat • ca deu chiia d u n g t r o n g do n h i i n g thong di^p Ion lao ve y chi va n g h i lyc. LUYENTAP D e 1: Viet bai van (khoang 600 tir) t r i n h bay suy n g h i ciia Anh/chi ve cau no! T h i i ba, y chi n g h j l y c g i i i p con n g u o i ta l u o n t y t i n ve ban than, t y t i n v o i ciia N i c k " K h i ban quyet d i n h eho d i ban se nhan lai rat nhieu va se la nguoi cong v i f e m i n h l a m . D u that bai van v u i ve va kh3c phue l a i e h i i k h o n g he nan hanh phiie. K h i ban c o ' g i i i lai ban se mat d i rat nhieu va se la n g u o i bat hanh". chi. Co le do la eau ehuy^n ve B i l l Gate, bo d o D H , lap cong ty p h a n m e m D e 2: N h a c si t h i e n tai n g u o i D u e Beethoven n o i : " T r o n g cupc song, khong nhung l i e n tie'p that bai. Khae phue n h i i n g that bai do o n g v u o n len thanh ty CO g i cao q u y va tot d?p h o n la d e m lai h a n h p h i i c eho n g u o i khae". Em hay phii bac nhat eiia nhan loai. C h u n g zu Z u n g , chii tich tap doan H u y n d a i H a n t r i n h bay suy n g h ! ciia m i n h ve y kien tren t r o n g m p t bai v a n k h o a n g 600 tir. Quoc t u n g la n o n g dan, cong nhan den ong chii tap doan H u y n d a i la ca m p t * Y C H I N G H I LV"C - N I E M T I N 'i>i I ; V i e t bai v a n n g i n (600 tir) trinh bay suy nghi ciia anh /chi ve vai tro ciia y chi va nghi l y c trong cupc song. BAI L A M • ' Cupc song ciia c h i i n g ta l u o n la m p t chuoi k h o khan va t h u thach. Ne'u hen nhat v a yeu d u o i chSc chan ta se that bai va guc nga. N h u n g neu c6 y chi ngW lye chic chin c h i i n g ta se v u p t qua de v u o n t o i thanh cong. N h u vay trong cupc song, y chi ngh} luc l u o n la n g u o i ban d o n g h a n h eiing eon n g u o i . 4S4 qua t r i n h "gian nan ren l u y e n m o i t h a n h cong". N g a y nay, xa h p i cang phat trien, nhieu co h p i dupe m o ra n h u n g ta v a n thay CO n h i i n g bieu hi#n t r a i ngupc. Ben canh n h i i n g beon n g u o i thanh cong, ta thay rat nhieu ban tre bay g i o thay kho khan t h i nan chi. Thay that bai t h i hoai c h i n h m i n h . Song thie'u n i e m t i n , thieu y chi, song hen nhat va gyc "^ga. Day la v a n de can len an. T u vi^c p h a n rich o tren tra can r i i t ra cho m i n h bai hpc nhan t h i i e va hanh Ve nhan thiie, ta thay y chi n g h j l y e la d p n g lyc, n i e m t i n ciia con n g u o i . La cl n a m ciia eon n g u o i . chi Ve hanh dpng ta can: ren luy#n cho minh y chi va nghi luc; phe phan nhung yeu duo'i, thie'u t u tin. Hpc tap nhimg tain guong ve y chi va nghi luc. Tir do ta dam song va dam di den thanh cong. Tom lai, y chi nghi luc la thuoc do pham gia cua con nguoi. Moi chung ta hay ren luyen de c6 y chi va nghi luc song. Song khong hen nhat va yeu duoj Muoh vay ngay tir bay gid ban hay la chinh b?n voi nhiing uoc mo va khat vpng va ren luy?n de vuon toi thanh cong nhe! 2: Viet bdi van (khodng 600 tit) ban vecdu noi cua Lo Tan: "Tren con duang di den thanh cong khong c6 dau chdn cua ke lucri bieng". HI/6NG D A N I . M O B A I : Neu dupe van de can nghi luan. II. T H A N BAI 1. Giai thich: ' - "Duong den thanh cong" la an du de noi den hanh trinh gian nan ma con nguoi phai vupt qua de den thanh cong. "Thanh cong" la ket qua dat dupe mot each my man trong ITnh vuc nao do ma con nguoi theo d u o i . i - "Ke luoi bieng" la ke luoi suy nghi, luoi hpc tap, luoi lao dpng va lam vi^c. N h u v^y, L6 Tan muon noi: de thanh cong, nguoi ta phai do mo hoi, cong sue, thoi gian, tri tu$, gian nan vat va, tham chi phai nem trai nhung that bai moi CO dupe. Con duong do khong danh cho nhimg ke luoi bieng. 2. Ban luan cau noi cua Lo Tan: a. Tir each giai thich 6 tren ta thay cau noi c6 y nghia v6 cung quan trpng: ^t- - V i sao Lo Tan noi "Tren con duong thanh cong khong c6 vet chan cua nguoi luoi bieng"? V i con duong dan tai thanh cong la con duong chong gai, day kho khan, thir thach chu khong phai bSng nhung lya; la ca qua trinh hoc tap, lao dpng, nghien cuu, sang tao khong ngirng, doi hoi eon nguoi phai can cii, mi^t mai, chiu kho va c6 y chi quyet tam cao moi thanh. Khong c6 mot thanh cong, thanh qua nao ma khong phai doi bang mo hoi, cong sue. Nhu v^y, duong thanh cong khong danh cho nhimg ai luoi bieng. - Cau noi cua Lo Tan la mpt chan ly, khAng dinh dupe cai gia ciia sV thanh cong: bat cu su thanh cong nao ciang doi bang su can cii, cham chi, kien tri, chju kho. Luoi bieng, i lai, ngai kho ngai kho se chang bao gio lam dviQC vi^c gi CO y nghia. - Co nhi>ng truong hpp thanh cpng bang con duong khac nhung thanh cong do se khong ben va khong c6 y nghia. Dieu gi do cong sue ciia minh ta'' dyng nen thi do moi thupe ve gia trj ben virng va moi mang y nghia. 456 b. Can phe phan, len an ve thoi l u o i bieng (trong cong vi#c, hpc tap, lao ng- •) 3. Bai hpc nhan thuc va hanh dpng: , Ve nhan thuc ta thay: day la mot cau noi c6 y nghia v6 ciing Ion lao vi khSng dinh dupe chan ly ciia su thanh cong. Tir do moi nguoi can suy nghi pghiem hie ve chinh ban than minh de c6 the vuon den su hoan thi^n. - Ve hanh dpng ta can: Moi nguoi phai nam virng chan ly nay de xay dung cho minh mpt phuong huong cu the nham dat dupe nhirng thanh cong trong cupc song; khong ngirng ren luy^n nhan each, ban ITnh, dam nghT dam lam, dam thanh cong. , HI. KET B A I - Danh gia chung ve van de. 3: Viet bdi van (khodng 600 tit) trinh bay suy nghi cua Anh/chi vecdu noi cua Nick "Khong c6 muc tieu nao qua Ian, khong c6 uoc mo ndo qua xa voi". Hl/ONGDAN ' I . MCi B A I : Neu dupe van de can nghi luan. II. THAN BAI 1. Giai thich: i + "Muc tieu" la diem la di'ch ma ehiing ta huong den trong cupc doi, la mpt d u dinh, mpt djnh huong dupe de ra truoc mat ta. + "l/oc mo" la khat vpng, la mong muon dat dupe nhirng dieu minh dang a'p l i trong long. + N h u vay, dieu Nick muon giri den ehiing ta la gi: trong cupc song moi con nguoi hay xay dung cho minh mpt muc tieu, mpt uoc mo. Hay thuc hi^n no vi no khong eo gi "qua Ion", khong eo gi qua "xa v o i " . | 2. Ban luan ve cau noi cua Nick: a. Tac dung, y nghia: - Tai sao lai "khong c6 muc tieu nao qua Ion"? + Vi CO muc tieu thi ehiing ta moi c6 dpng luc de thiie day minh va neu '^ong CO muc tieu thi ehiing ta se giong nhu eon thuyen giira dai duong '^hong biet dau la ben bo. (Chirng minh bang chinh cupc doi ciia Nick. Cupc '^oicua BillGate...) + Ban than moi nguoi phai de ra cho minh muc tieu v i do chinh la tuong '^i cua ban than. Dirng nghi la no qua Ian voi ban v i nghi no qua Ion ban lai ra so h5i voi chinh ban than. Doi khi b^n gap that b^i nhung that b^i lai la ^ ^ ^ y a Ian nhat cho s\f truong thanh. + + Ca cau CO y nghla la: C h i i n g ta phai t y m i n h l a m con t h u y e n v u g t qua jihuTig k h o khan t h u thach t r o n g cuoc d o i . M o i n g u o i hay t u m i n h lam t h u y e n tru'ong va c i i n g la n g u o i dan d u o n g . Co n h u vay "mod v u g t qua bao song g i o " di den thanh cong. T a i sao lai " k h o n g c6 uoc mo nao qua xa vcri" ? V i k h i C h u n g ta u o c m a ta da k h o n g n g u n g ngay d e m trau d o i nang li^^, ban than de tien den gan v o i m o uoc do. LTOC m o cung giong n h u m u c tieu, DQ se g i u p ta them kien d i n h y chi. ' ' ' * '' >^'' 2. Ban luan ve cau noi. + D i r n g song k h o n g c6 uoc m o , v i n h u the ban da de tarn h o n tan l u i ngay k h i con song. \J6c m o giong n h u con d u o n g chua c6 n h u n g se k h a m pha vg " , j t ^ a. Tac dung, y nghia ciia cau noi: v u o t qua. Va t h u h o i neu con n g u o i song ma k h o n g c6 uoc m o ? Chac chan do . - Cuoc song la k h o n g g i o i han, con d u o n g c h i i n g ta d i chua bao g i o p h i i n g la cuQC song v6 nghla nha't. lang ma se day n h i r n g song to gio Ion. V i vay, m o i n g u o i t r o n g c h i i n g ta hay t u • jjiinh la con t h u y e n de chuan bj cho m o t cugc hanh t r i n h . b. Phe phan n h u n g con nguoi song thieu uoc mo, thieu muc tieu: - H Q se song n h o song g u i , song k y sinh len n g u o i khac; an b a m gia dinh, ban be. : Thieu chi h u o n g , muc dich, uoc m o nghia la da "chet ngay khi con song". 3. Bai hpc nhan thuc va hanh dgng: - n g h i e m tiic ve chinh ban than m i n h de c6 the v u o n den su hoan thi^n. Song phai CO uoc m o va c6 muc tieu rieng cho m i n h . K h o n g c6 uoc m o , khong c6 muc tieu t h i m o i cai se qua xa v o i v o i m o i chiing ta. V e hanh dpng ta can: M o i n g u o i phai xay d u n g cho m i n h m p t uoc mo, La n g u o i t h u y e n t r u o n g ta phai v u n g tay cheo, v u n g n i e m t i n , giau y chi nghi luc de v u g t qua t h u thach. - . , ,, La n g u o i hoa tieu, ta phai c6 cai n h i n d i i n g dan, t i n h tao, sac sao de d i n h huong d i i n g d a n cho h u o n g d i ciia con thuyen. - V e nhan thuc ta thay: Day la m o t cau noi c6 y nghla v6 c i m g Ion lao vi no khSng d i n h d u g c chan l y ciia su thanh cong. T u d o m o i n g u o i can suy nghl - - N h u g c bang, hoa tieu d i i n g d u o n g ma t h u y e n t r u o n g lai ch^ch d i . Hoac thuyen t r u o n g v i r n g vang ma hoa tieu chi sai d u o n g t h i ca hai cung k h o n g tranh k h o i bao to, c6 k h i lai n g u y h i e m den con thuyen. H o a tieu va t h u y e n truong p h o i h g p lai ciing nhau m g t each chat che se tao cho con t h u y e n them siic m a n h va su d i i n g m a n h dap len dau song nggn gio cap ben b o thanh cong. - Gia su tren con t h u y e n do k h o n g c6 hoa tieu, cung k h o n g t h u y e n t r u o n g , m o t m u c tieu, m o t p h u o n g h u o n g cu the n h a m dat d u g c n h u n g thanh cong chac chan con t h u y e n se lenh denh g i u a dai d u o n g k h o n g biet dau la ben bo. t r o n g cuoc song; k h o n g n g u n g ren l u y e n nhan each, ban ITnh, d a m n g h i dam b. Phe phan n h u n g ke yeu duoi, uy mi, khong ty m i n h v u o n len truoc song gio. lam, d a m thanh cong. - - D o la n h i i n g ke song thieu y chi va n g h i luc. Song tarn t h u o n g . - Chac chan hg se "chet d u o i " giua t r i i n g k h o i ciia so p h a n . r6iom»l' III.KETBAI D a n h gia c h u n g ve van de. 3. Bai hpc nhan thuc va hanh dpng: 4: Viet bdi van (khodng 600 tit) trinh bay suy tight ciia Atth/chj ve cau , tidi ciia Nick "Cuoc dai ciia toi va batt la cott thuyeh vuot qua bao sottg gio- I Chiittg ta vita Id thuyen truattg vita la hoa tieu". HI/6NG DAN I. M O B A I : N e u d u g c van de can nghj luan. - n r t q <; •. - V e nhan thuc ta thay: day la m o t cau n o i c6 y nghia v 6 cung Ion lao v i no khang d i n h d u g c chan l y ciia su thanh cong. T u do m o i n g u o i can suy n g h i "ghiem tiic ve chinh ban than m i n h de c6 the v u o n den su hoan thi^n. Song phai CO uoc m o va c6 m u c tieu rieng cho minh. Phai h^ m i n h cheo lai con thuyen ciia m i n h t r u o c m u o n t r i i n g song gio. - V e hanh dpng ta can: M o i n g u o i phai xay d u n g cho m i n h m g t uoc m o , II. T H A N B A I •^ot muc tieu, m g t p h u o n g h u o n g cv the n h a m dat d u g c n h u n g thanh cong 1. G i a i thich: h-ong cugc song; k h o n g n g i m g ren luyen nhan each, ban ITnh, d a m nghT d a m + "Cuoc d o i " theo nghia r g n g la cuoc song v 6 b o ben v o i nhieu k h o khaf' d a m thanh cong. Phai la n g u o i hoa tieu, n g u o i t h u y e n t r u o n g v i r n g vang. chong gai d a n g cho ta tren dai d u o n g menh m o n g ay. " C o n t h u y e n " la hin III. K E T B A I anh an d u de v i " t o i va b g n " tren hanh t r i n h v u g t t r u n g d u o n g bao la. - + /IRQ "Thuyen t r u o n g " la n g u o i chi h u y con tau. " H o a t i e u " la n g u o i dan duong D a n h gia c h u n g ve van de. ' '