DAM NANG LUYEN THI DAI HOC
Chuyen
Chuyen
Chuyen
Chuyen
de
de
de
de
1: CAC DANG DE THI CAU 5 DIEM
2 : DANG DE SO SANH VA CAU TRUC BAI LAM
3 : CAU H6| 2 DIEM TRONG KY THI DAI HQC - CAO DANG
4: NGH! LUAN XA HOI
Bien soan theo cau true de thi nncfi nhat cua Bo GD& DT
Danh cho hpc sinh khol 1 2 on tap thi vao cac tracing DH-CD
Danh cho glao vien day luyen thi Tot Nghiep & DH-CD
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MHA XIJAT BAN DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
LOINOIDAU
^
' P E L A M D l / O C M Q T B A I T H I D A I H O C - C D D A T D I E M 7, 8, 9
Cdc em hqc sinh than men!
I. D 6 I L O I T A M H U Y f i T
Cuon sach nay duQC bien soan theo cau triic de thi D H - CD moi nha't cua
Bp Giao dye va Dao tao.
Sach gom 4 chuyen de (Tuong ling voi 3 cau hoi):
*
Chuyen d e l : C a c dang de thi cau 5 diem
"
Chuyen de 2: Dang de so sanh va cau true bai lam
Cac em hpc sinh than men!
Hpc van la hpc ca tam hon nghia la mo rpng tarn hon minh de don nhan
thong diep cua nha van. Nguoi hpc van la nguoi vua don nhan vua phat d i
thong diep ay. V i vay, hpc van doi hoi phai co tam hon.
Viec hpc tap mon Ngit van thuc ra khong kho. Tren lop chii y nghe giang,
Chuyen de 3: Cau hoi 2 diem trong ky thi Dai hpc - Cao dang
Chuyen de 4: Nghi luan xa hpi
ghi chep npi dung quan trpng cua bai giang ma thay co giao da truyen dat. Tho
Chuyen de cau 2 diem (cac cau hoi giao khoa ve van hqc sit va cac cau hoi
lien quan den bai hpc. Chuyen de cau 3 diem (la cac dang de va each lam bai
Nghj luan xa hoi). Chuyen de cau 5 diem, chuyen de So sanh (la cac dang de
phong phii t u Van hng rung cam truoc cupe doi, rung
cam truoc moi cau tho, cau van. Khi viet ciing nhu khi dpc can de chp tam hon
minh rung len nhu spi day dan. Tam hon ma nhu canh dieu no gio se viet van
hay hon, bay bong hon, loi van d?p hon, mupt hon. V i vay, hpc van la hpc
Nhan Van. Can phat huy cai Nhan Van ciia minh khong chi trong bai lam ma
con la suy nghl, ung xu, hanh dpng d^p voi mpi nguoi xung quanh.
j , i
II. P H l / O N G P H A P O N T A P
, iMf'
1. Chia cac tac pham theo timg giai do^n de on tap - t (, ; JIL O
- C h i a r a V a n l l , Vanl2theotunggiaidoannhusau:
• v ' . i i 'J '
a. Van hpc lop 11 thi c6:
- Van hpc Lang man gom: Truy^n lang man: Chu nguoi tu tu - Nguyen
Tuan, Hai dua tre - Thach Lam); Tho lang man c6: Voi vang - Xuan Di^u, Day
thon V I Da - Han Mac Tit, Trang giang - Huy Can, Tuong tu - Nguyen Binh
(nang cao)
-
Tham khao thuong xuyen qua cac nam con giiip ta nhan ra dupe huong
ra de ciia Bp de t u do biet huong on tap cho hi?u qua. Tranh 161 hpc tran lan,
tham kien thuc.
-fcaifr**
5. Tv giai de thi
-
T u tim de thi tren cac trang web uy tin hoac xin de thi t u cac giao vien
- Van hpc hi^n thyc phe phan c6: Chi Pheo - Nam Cao, Hanh phiic aia
mot tang gia (trich So Do - Vu Trong Phung). Doi thira - Nam Cao (Nang cao)
- Kjch: VTnh biet ciru triing dai.
Ngii van roi t y lam bai. Lam cang nhieu thi cang len tay. Dung nan. Lam xong
- Van hpc Cach mang gpm: Chieu toi, Lai Tan cua Ho Chi Minh; Tu ay
ciia To H u u .
an. Sau do tap dien dat cho troi chay. Sau khi thanh cong cac khau do roi thi
b. Van hpc lop 12 gom:
- Van hpc chong Phap 1945 - 1954: Tuyen ngon dpc lap - Ho Chi Minh,
Tay Tien - Quang Dung, Vi^t Bhc - To Huai, Vp chong A Phu - To Hoai, Vp
nhat-KimLan.
- Van hpc xay dtmg C N X H 1955 - 1960: Tieng hat con tau - Che Lan Vien
(nang cao), Nguoi lai do Song Da - Nguyen Tuan.
- Van hpc chong My 1961 - 1975: Dat Nuoc - Nguyen Khoa Diem, Rung
xa nu - Nguyen Trung Thanh, Nhiing diia con trong gia dinh - Nguyen Thi,
Song - Xuan Quynh.
- Tho van sau 1975: Kjch "Hon Truong Ba da hang thjt" - Luu Quang Vu,
Mot nguoi Ha Noi - Nguyen Khai (nang cao), Chie'c thuyen ngoai xa - Nguyen
Minh Chau, A i da dat ten cho dong song - Hoang Phu Ngoc Tuong, Dan ghita
cua Lorca - Thanh Thao.
2. Dpc ky tac pham, nam dirpc phong each tac gia.
nho thay c6 chain bai.
-
Co gang khi viet bai dung co viet cho hay ma co vie't cho diing, d i i dap
tap viet 16i van cho mupt, cho bong bay, trau ehuot.
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Mpt bai thi D H dat diem cao khong hSn la viet hay ma can viet dung,
dien dat troi chay, co npi dung la da diem cao.
in. cAcH
L A M TCTNG
C A U
1. Phan bo thoi gian hpp ly.
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Lap dan y: 10 phut.
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Caul:10phut.
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Cau 2: 60 phiit.
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Cau 3:100 phiit.
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Ngay thi nho mang dong ho de can thoi gian ma lam bai cho hpp ly.
*
Khong ra khoi phong thi som ma co gSng ngoi cho trpn thoi gian. Co khi
,^
: n
chinh liic do chung ta se sua dupe nhiing sai sot cua minh.
*
It nhat phai viet dupe 2 to giay doi tro len.
2. Cau true de thi thuong co hai phan la:
- Tac gia thi can nam dupe: phong each nghe thuat, tac pham do trich tu
tap nao, ra doi trong hoan canh ra sao?
Phan I . Phan bit bupc
1. Cau 1 (2.0 diem): Dang de va each lam.
- Tho thi thupc long. Hpc va co nho dupe nhiing cau tho hay. Thupc them
mpt so cau tho ngoai tac pham nhung c6 ciing npi dung de lam dan chiing
minh hpa them cho bai lam.
a. Thuong co cac dang de sau:
"<'-i^ Van xuoi thi dpc ky, n§m npi dung, tom tat dupe cau ehuy^n, nam dupe
cac chi tiet nghe thuat.
3.
thong cac y chinh trong bai hpc theo so do tu duy.
- Tho thi nam npi dung tung doan.
-
Van xuoi nam dupe dac diem eua tung nhan vat hoac gia tri tac pham.
Thupc long dan ehiVng.
4. Tham khao de thi va dap an ciia Bp Giao D\ic tu nam 2009 den nay.
^ - Mue dich la tim hieu cac dang de thi, cau true de thi. Dpc ky tung dap
an, soi tung Barem diem, t u do hpc each l^p dan y, each xac l^p lugn diem.
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'*
Van hpc su: Lop 11: t u dau the ky XX den nam 1945; Lop 12: T u 1945 den
het the ky XX.
- Cac tac gia: Xuan Dieu, Nam Cao, Ho Chi Minh, To HCru, Nguyen Tuan.
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Hoan canh ra doi tac pham; y nghia nhan de; cau de tir.
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N p i dung va nghe thuat.
Cac chi tiet ngh^ thuat trong tac pham (hay ra nhat)
if '
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b. Cach lam bai:
De dat diem trpn ven cau 2 diem, truoc het nam viing kien thuc bai hpc.
Tho thi nam dupe npi dung ngh| thuat. Van xuoi thi nam dupe cac chi tiet
trong tac pham. Khi lam bai can ngan gpn, sue tich, du y (hoi gi dap nay.
k h o n g Ian man dai dong). Xem t h u cau hoi c6 may y. N e u cau h o i nhieu y t h i
nen chia y (a) y ( b ) . . . K h o n g d u g c gach dau d o n g k h i l a m bai. Co the viet
thanh m p t bai v a n c6 m a bai, than bai, ket bai.
V i dv 1: Cau n o i ciia cu M e t : "Chung no da cam sung, minh phdi cam gido"
duQC n o i t r o n g hoan canh nao ? Y nghia cua cau n o i ay ?
Tra
16i:
Phan i n d a m la k h o n g the thie'u.
a. Cau noi cua cii Met: "Chung no da cam sung, minh phdi cam gido" dupe
noi trong hoan canh: T n i i ve t h a m lang, cu M e t ke chuy^n cuoc d o i anh. N g a y
ay, giac k h i i n g bo gat gao, b o n giac bat vqi con ciia T n i i ra de u y hiep T n i i va
Cach so sanh, v i v o n ay cung da g i i i p the hien t i n h cam gin ho dac bi^t ciia
nha van d o i v a i con song Da. T i n h yeu thien nhien va con n g u a i Tay Bac da
m a n g den cho N g u y e n T u a n n h i i n g trang viet tai hoa.
Day la each v i v o n doc dao day chat tao h i n h , xuat phat t u m p t nang luc
lien t u o n g p h o n g t i i n g , gop phan tao nen sue hap d a n ciia trang viet. T u do
n g u o i dpc t h e m hieu va t h e m yeu trang v a n N g u y e n
T u a n va d o n g song Da
h u n g bao trO t i n h .
2. Cau 2 (3.0
d i e m ) : D a n g de N g h i l u a n xa h p i (dpc k y c h u y e n de N L X H 6
chuyen de 4 t r o n g sach nay)
i
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dan lang. T n i i tay k h o n g ra c i i u vg- con n h u n g k h o n g k i p . T n i i b i giac bat. Bi
a. Can n a m d u p e d a n g b a i n g h i l u a n xa h p i :
dot m u a i dau n g o n tay. C u M e t va thanh nien lang xong ra tieu di?t bpn giac
T r o n g n h i i n g n a m gan day. Bp Giao due va Dao tao l u o n ra de t h i tot
ac o n c i i u T n i i .
nghiep m o n Ngi> v a n theo h u d n g m o .nham d a n h gia d u p e nang luc va phan
b. Y nghia ciia cau noi do:
loai t r i n h d p ciia hoc sinh, nhat la a m a n g cau hoi n g h i l u a n xa h p i . D i e u nay
Cau n o i ciia gia lang M e t la cau n o i dupe diic r i i t t u cupc d a i b i trang ciia
T n i i va t u t h u c te d a u tranh ciia d o n g bao X6 M a n n o i rieng va d a n tpc Tay
Jsfguyen n o i chung. Giac da d i i n g bao luc phan each m a n g de dan ap nhan dan
ta t h i ta p h a i d u n g bao luc each m a n g de dap tan bao luc p h a n each mang. Con
d u a n g cam v u k h i de dap tra ke t h u la con d u a n g d i den t u do, con d u o n g giai
p h o n g d a n tpc. Qua cau chuyen cupc d o i T n i i nha van N g u y e n T r u n g Thanh
da l a m sang to chan l y each m a n g
...^i-^'.-'oW^f^'if'''^ -
ay.
T h u c te, k h i chua cam v u k h i danh giac, dan lang X6 M a n c h i u n h i e u m a t
cung g i i i p hpc sinh c6 kha nang v a n d u n g dupe nhijTig hieu biet thuc te vao
bai viet ciia m i n h . T u y nhien, nhieu n a m qua, van c6 hien t u a n g t h i sinh lam
xa de, lac de, Ian m a n , . . . V i vay, vi^c xac d i n h kieu d a n g de t h i n g h i luan la rat
can thiet, t r a n h cho t h i sinh d i lac h u d n g va l a m sai de. M u o n vay, m o i t h i sinh
phai dpc ky de bai, chii y n h u n g t u n g i i de nhan kieu, dang bai van. Thong
t h u o n g , ta de h\t gap 2 kieu, dang de do la: nghj luan ve m p t t u t u a n g dao ly
va n g h i luan ve m p t hi?n t u p n g d o i song xa h p i . Can phan b i f t n h u sau:
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H i ^ n t u p n g d o i song: day la dang de m a n g tinh t h a i su, ban ve m p t van
mat: anh X i i t b i giac treo c6, ba N h a n b i chat dau, m? con M a i b i giet bang tran
de, m p t hien t u a n g c6 tinh xa h p i (hoac tot, hoac xau) dang dien ra x u n g
m u a r o i sat, T n i i b i dot cyt m u a i dau ngon tay... B6i vay, con d u a n g cam v u
quanh cupc song ciia c h i i n g ta. Chang han n h u : tai nan giao thong, bao luc hpc
k h i de dap tra ke t h u la tat yeu.
d u o n g , nan khoe than tren m a n g ciia n u sinh, tao scandal de n o i tieng ciia g i a i
Vi
2: Trong tuy but Nguai Idi do Song Dd (NgU van 12, Tap mot, NXB
Gido due Vi$t Nam, 2013),Nguyen Tuan tung nhin "Song Dd nhu mot c6
nhan". Nguoi "c6 nhan"
c6 tinh net nhu the nao? Cach vi von nay c6 y
nghia gi?
Irk
dv
16i:
Phan i n d a m la k h o n g the thie'u.
a, Trong tuy but Nguai Idi do Song Dd, Nguyen Tuan timg nhin "Song Dd
nhu mot conhdn".
Nguoi "co nhan" ay c6 tinh net: Co n h u n g t i n h net that
t h u o n g : l a m c h i i n g l a m b f n h , choc d i u dang day, r o i choc lai hkn t i n h va gat
gong thac l u ngay day.
b, Cach vi von nay c6 y nghia:
Cach so sanh, v i v o n ay l a m cho h i n h tu(?ng song Da h i f n len n h u m p t con
n g u a i , cu the n h u m o t c6 gai c6 ca tinh m a n h ; qua do nha van n h a m l a m noi
bat ve d?p g p i cam ciia song Da.
6
tre hi^n nay... Phan m a bai, can g i a i thi^u h i f n t u a n g d a i song can n g h i luan.
Phan than bai, can trien k h a i cac d i e m sau: neu thuc trang ciia hi?n t u p n g d o i
song: h$ qua tac d o n g (rich cue, tieu eye) ciia hi?n t u p n g , thai dp ciia con
n g u o i va xa h p i d o i v a i hien t u p n g , l y giai nguyen nhan dan den hien t u p n g
do (nguyen nhan chii quan, khach quan), dua ra giai phap de giai quyet hi^n
tijong
dai song. Phan ket bai can khai quat lai v a n de dang nghj luan dong
thod bay to thai d p ciia ban than ve hien t u p n g d o i song can n g h i luan.
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T u t u o n g d^o l y : t h u o n g ban ve m p t quan d i e m , m p t t u t u a n g (nhan
v a n hoac phan n h a n van) n h u : l o n g d i i n g cam, l o n g khoan d u n g , thoi v 6 cam,
v 6 h-ach n h i ^ m . . . D a u hi^u de nhan biet kieu de nay t h u o n g la n h u n g cau n o i
true tiep de t r o n g ngoac kep ciia cac nha t u t u a n g , cac danh nhan n o i tieng
hay la m p t cau tho, m p t y kien trich dan t r o n g tac p h a m v a n hpc, ...
Chang han n h u : "Su cau tha trong bai cu nghe gi cung la mot su bai luang"
(Doi t h u a - N a m Cao). Hoac "Neu thay mot gia dinh hqnh phuc ban hay tin rang
trong ngdi nha do co mot nguai dan ba biet hi sinh" (Rene Bazin)
b. C a n n i m dvtgc bo eye c h u n g cua t u n g d a n g de:
2. N p i d u n g can p h a n t i c h , cam n h a n .
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Yl
.
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Y2
Y3
Dpc k y c h u y e n de 4 t r o n g sach nay de nSm d u g c bo'cue chung.
c. Lvru y k h i l a m b a i :
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T h u o n g d a n g de n g h i l u ^ n xa hoi chi gioi han 400 tu cho t h i to't nghi^p
i
..V
va 600 t u cho t h i D a i Hoc. V i vay, bai lam phai that c6 diic, ngan gon, c6 lap
luan chat che, k h i i c chiet, ro rang. D a n c h u n g d u a ra phai that t h u y e t phuc, c6
sue hap dan v o i n g u a i cha'm. Tuy^t d o i k h o n g lay n h i r n g d a n c h u n g chung
c h u n g n h u anh A, chi B, bac C...
- Phan giai thich phai thuyet phuc; phan ban l u a n phai h g p t i n h h g p ly,
khen che ro rang.
3. D a n h gia ngh# t h u a t : nhij'ng yeu to nghe t h u a t nao da l a m nen thanh
cong cua tac p h a m n o i c h u n g va nhan vat, doan tho, doan van, chi tie't... noi
rieng.
III. K e t b a i : D a n h gia chung ve npi d u n g va nghe thuat.
d . C h i i y ve t h a i g i a n :
3. M p t so v a n de can l u u y k h i v i e t cau 5 d i e m .
M p t bai nghj l u a n xa hpi t h u o n g c6 yeu cau ve so l u g n g cau c h u nen t h i
*
a. Yeu cau
- Can n a m v u n g npi d u n g kie'n thue tac p h a m .
sinh can p h a n p h o i l u p n g t h o i gian l a m bai sao cho p h u hgp, t r a n h viet dai
dong, sa vao ke le, giai thich van de k h o n g can thiet. Tren ca so dan y, c h i i n g ta
can l u y e n each vie't va t r i n h bay sao cho ngan gon, mach lac, de hieu va c6 tinh
thuyet phuc cao.
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Dpc ky de, gach chan d u a l n h u n g t u ngCr q u a n t r p n g t r o n g de. Phai hieu
de t h i dang hoi ta dieu gi?
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Xac d i n h de t h i thupe dang de t h i nao? C h u n g m i n h m p t n h a n d i n h hay
Phan I I . Tyt c h p n
phan tich m p t h i n h t u p n g , m p t doan tho, m p t bai t h o . . . hay so sanh d o i chieu
Cau 3a. ( C h u o n g t r i n h co ban)
giira cac tac p h a m v o i nhau?
^
j
C a u 3b. ( C h u a n g t r i n h nang cao)
h. Cac b u o c l a m b a i g i o n g n h u a p h a n da lap d a n y n h i m g can c h t i y :
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I. M a b a i : neu d u p e yeu cau cua de bai. NghTa la de t h i y e u cau n h u the
K h i lam bai, de nao m i n h c6 the lam to't t h i c i i lam, c h u khong ke cau 3a hay
3b. Trong t r u o n g h g p ca hai cau deu lam dugc n h u nhau t h i nen chpn cau 3a.
*
T u a n t h u cac b u o c l a m cau 5 d i e m n h u sau:
nao t h i p h a i d a n vao van de n h u the. Tranh l o i viet m o bai ma k h o n g lam n o i
bat dupe yeu cau cua de.
1. Doc k y de
II. T h a n b a i
D Q C k y de t h i la m p t khau v 6 ciing quan t r p n g v i no g i i i p c h i i n g ta hieu de,
1. K h a i q u a t ve tac gia, tac p h a m , xuat x u (Phan nay rat quan t r p n g v i
n ^ m bat d u g c yeu cau cua de. T u do xac lap n o i d u n g cho bai l a m .
K h i dpc de t h i can l u u y: gach chan d u a l n h i i n g tir ngu q u a n trong, tuc la
d i e m nha'n cua yeu cau de. N h u n g t u ngir quan t r o n g do k h i l a m bai t h i n h o
phai CO t r o n g l u a n d i e m m i n h d u a ra.
2. Lap d a n y cho de b a i
Lap d a n y c u n g la m p t k h a u rat quan t r p n g v i n h o lap d a n y ma ta k i e m
trong dap an eiia Bp, hpc sinh l a m tot n h i i n g yeu cau nay se dgt 0,50 d i e m )
2. N p i d u n g p h a n t i c h , cam n h ^ n :
-
T r o n g p h a n n p i d u n g cua bai lam, hpc sinh p h a i xac lap d u p e cac l u a n
diem chinh roi t u do d u a vao cac thao tac: c h u n g m i n h , b i n h luan, phan tich,
cam n h a n . . . de l a m ro luan diem.
-
N e n viet doan van theo 161 dien djch de y dupe ro rang, g i a m khao cham
soSt dupe bai l a m cua m i n h . Tranh dupe l o i viet Ian man, dai dong, lac de va
cung de cho diem. D a u m o i l u a n diem, l i i i b u t vao 2 6 giay de g i a m khao de
nha't la de viet k h o n g sot y.
n h i n bo cue cua m i n h h o n .
D a n y c6 the l a p theo cau t n i c sau: (Sau do viei hai cung phai du cac bu&c nay
thi m&i dung cau true bai lam)
d u n g (Nha't la p h a n tich tho).
I. M o b a i : xac lap yeu cau cua de bai.
II. T h a n b a i
1. K h a i q u a t tac gia va tac p h a m :
N e u cho d u p e p h o n g each cua tac gia, hoan canh ra d o i tac p h a m , xuat xCt.
-
,,
D o i v o i t h o hay t r u y ^ n t h i phai lay n g h f t h u a t de p h a n t i c h p h a n n p i
K h i h a n h van, can t r a n h n h i r n g cau t u sao rong. Can viet that c6 dpng,
giong van phai ket h o p dupe chat ly l u a n va suy t u cam xiie.
-
Tranh gach bo qua n h i e u t r o n g bai lam, lam ban bai l a m se gay phan
cam cho n g u a i chain.
.,,1.
- De tang chieu sau cho bai viet, can c6 su so sanh, doi chieu giQ-a nhan vat
nay, nhan vat kia, tac pham nay, tac pham no. Can dua mpt so' ioi phe binh,
nhan dinh van hoc vao trong bai lam. Can c6 dan chung them ngoai tac pham.
Nhirng yeu to vua noi tren day se lam cho bai van ciia cac em them phong phu
va CO chieu sau, chac chan se dugc giam khao can nhac ma cho diem cao.
3. Phan tong ket ngh^ thuat: theo dap an, truac khi ket bai se c6 phan tong
ket ngh| thuat. Hoc sinh can c6 danh gia, nhan xet chung ve nghe thuat cua tac
pham (phan nay dap an cho t u 1,00 diem den 1,50 diem)
III. Ket bai: danh gia chung ve van de.
^,
I V . T H A M K H A O D E T H I D H - C D & D A P A N M(3l N H A T C U A B O
D E T H I T U Y E N SINH DAI H O C N A M
Mon:
NGCT
Cau 3.b. Theo chuong trinh Nang cao (5,0 diem)
Ve nhan vat Phung trong truy^n ngan Chie'c thuyen ngoai xa cua Nguyen
Minh Chau, co y kien cho rSng : net nor bat a ngu&i nghe sy nay Id mot tarn hon nhay
cam va say me cdi dep tha mgng ciia canh vat. Y kien khdc thi nhan mqnh: ve dep sau xa
ciia nghe st Phiing chinh Id mot torn long day tran tm, lo an vethdn phan con ngu&i.
Tu cam nhan ciia minh ve nhan v^t Phung, anh/chi hay binh luan nhung y
kien tren.
Het
^
2013
V A N ; Khoi: D
Thai gian lam bai: 180 phiit, khong ke thai gian phat de
Cau
Y
1
1
2.
Di doc da't nuac vai tam nguyen tim hieu nguon coi bang trai nghif m ciia
chinh minh, chang trai Viet kieu Tran Hung John co mot nhan xet:
Tinh net cua nguoi "eonhdn" (0,5 diem)
0,50
day.
Y nghia ciia each vi von (1,5 diem)
- Lam cho hinh tugng song Da hien len nhu mpt con
0,50
nguoi, eu the nhu mot co gai eo ea tinh manh; nham lam
noi bat ve dep ggi cam eiia song Da.
Phan nhieu nguai Vi^t Nam co tinh each thu dong, la nhung nguoi di theo
chu khong phai nguoi tien phong. Neu co ai do di truae va thu truoe, toi se
theo sau chu khong bao gio la nguoi dan duong. Ap lue xa hoi khien ban phai
di theo con duong da duoe ve san.
- The hien tinh cam gan bo dac bi^t eiia nha van doi vai
eon song Da.
- Day la each vi von dgc dao day chat tao hinh, xuat phat
(John di tim Hung, NXB Kim Dong, 2013, tr.US)
0,50
0,50
tu mot nang lue lien tuong phong tung, gop phan tao
nen sue hap dan eiia trang viet.
Trao doi vai Tran Hung John va bay to quan diem
2
3,0
song ciia minh
II. PHAN R I E N G (5,0 diem)
in
2,0
dm dang day, roi choc lai ban tinh va gat gong thdc in ngay
Cau 2: (3,0 diem)
Tir earn nhan eiia minh ve niem khat khao do, anh/ehi hay binh luan nhimg
y kien tren.
Tinh net cua nguoi "eonhdn" ma Nguyen Tuan nhac
Co nhCrng tinh net that thuang: Idm chimg lam benh, choc
Nguoi "co nhan" ay c6 tinh net nhu the nao? Cach vi von nay c6 y nghia gi?
Nhan dinh ve niem khat khao tan huang su song trong bai tha Vpi Vang
eiia Xuan Dieu, timg eo y kien cho rang: do la tieng noi cua cdi toi vi ki tieu cue.
Lai COxjkien khSng dinh: do la tieng noi ciia cdi toi cd nhan tich cue.
Diem
den trong tuy but Nguai Idi dd Song Dd; y nghia ciia
Trong tiiy but Nguoi lai do Song Da (Ngir van 12, Tap mot, NXB Giao due
Viet Nam, 2013), Nguyen Tuan timg nhin "Song Da nhu mot co nhan".
Cau 3.a. Theo chuang trinh Chuan (5,0 diem)
Npi dung
each vi von do
Cau 1: (2,0 diem)
Thi sinh chi dugc lam mpt trong hai cau (cau 3.a hoae eau 3.b)
;
DAP AN - THANG DIEM
I. PHAN C H U N G C H O T A T CA THI SINH (5,0 diem):
Anh/ehi co dong tinh vai y kien tren khong? Hay trao doi vai Tran Hung
John va bay to quan diem song ciia chinh minh (bai viet khoang 600 tu).
'TfV>
Thi sinh khong duoe si( dung tdi lieu. Can bo coi thi khong gidi thich gt them.
1
Trao doi vai Tran Hung John (2,0 diem)
a. Giai thich y kien (0,5 diem)
- Thu dong la chiu su chi phoi, chi biet lam theo, nghe
theo nguoi khac ma thieu chu dgng sang tao.
0,5
- Y kien nay muon de cap den tinh each thy dpng, dugc
xem la tinh each eiia phan nhieu nguoi Vi?t Nam, truoc
11
he't la thu dpng trong vi|c lua chpn, dan than, mo 16'i cho
3
cuoc song cua minh; dong thoi neu ra mot vai bieu hi|n
cung n h u nguyen nhan dan tai tinh each nay.
1,5
dong tinh phan nao voi y kien cua Tran H u n g John. D i i
- C a i toi nhan thiic dupe su troi chay ciia thoi gian va s u
thien chi.
1,0
tinh v a triet luan, hinh anh tho dpc dao, moi la; ngon
ngu tho
nhung can phai c6 thai dp chan thanh, nghiem hie, cau
nhien, sinh dpng; the tho tu do; cau triic cau
3.b. B i n h luan ve cac y kien (1,5 diem)
5,0
bai tho Voi vdng va b i n h luan ve cac y kien ...
- Bac bo y k i e n cho r i n g do Id tiengnoi cua cdi toi vi ki
tieu cue (0,5 diem)
V a i net ve tac gia va tac pham (0,5 diem)
+ Y kien xuat phat tu quan diem cu, qua coi trpng cai ta
0,5
tho luon khat khao giao cam voi dai va tan huong s u
tieu cue, dong nhat s u huong thu ehinh dang ciia eon
nguoi voi loi song ea nhan ehii nghia.
tao, chiu anh huang sau sac ciia van hoc hi^n dai
+ The hien djnh kien hep hoi doi voi y thiic tran qui ban
phuang Tay.
than ciia eon nguoi, dong nhat viec tan huong s u song
- Voi vdng la mpt tac pham dac sac, rat tieu bieu cho
lanh manh, tich cue voi 161 song gap ciia ehii nghia
phong each tha Xuan D i f u truoc Cach mang thang T a m ;
huong lac.
the hi^n sau sic niem khat khao tan huang s u song ciia
- K h a n g dinh s u diing dan cua y kien: do Id tieng noi
cai toi tac gia.
cua cdi toi cd nhan tich cue (1,0 diem)
G i a i thich y kien (0,5 diem)
+ Y kien xuat phat tu quan diem diing dan coi trpng
- Cdi toi la bieu hien cao dp ciia y thue ea nhan, xuat hien
khi eon nguoi eo nhu cau dupe la ehinh minh.
- Cdi toi vi ki tieu cue la cai toi nhat nhat chi vi minh, de
cao minh mpt each c\fc doan, bat chap tat ca. Cdi toi cd
nhan tick cue la cai toi vai nhihig khat vpng nhan ban
ehinh dang, huong tai nhung gia tri song tot d?p, lanh
manh.
12
0,5
ma coi nhe cai toi, xem mpi tieng noi cua cai toi deu la
song; phong each tho moi me, dpc dao, giau sue sang
2
0,5
tho linh hoat; gipng dieu gap gap, soi noi, ...
tien.
- Xuan Dieu la nha tha Ion ciia phong trao T h a mdi; hon
song vpi vang, cuong quyt.
- C a i toi dupe the hien bai s u ket hop giira cam xiic irxx
- T h i sinh dupe tu do bay to quan diem song ciia minh,
1
1,0
tran trpng tung giay pKiit ciia cupe doi bang tam the
huong hanh dpng de thyc hien quan diem song ay.
C a m nhan ve niem khat khao tan hudng sv song trong
1,0
ngan ngiii ciia kiep nguoi; do do phai song eo y nghla,
Q u a n diem song ciia ban than (1,0 diem)
quan diem song cho ban than minh; de ra dupe phuong
3a
- C a i toi bam riet, say sua tan huang ve dep ciia s u song
xuan, tuoi tre va tinh yeu.
le, CO can cu xac dang va c6 thai dp ban luan nghiem tuc,
- Tir vi^c trao doi voi y kieh cua John, thi sinh tu de ra
(2,5 diem)
tran the; the hif n quan ni?m mai me ve cai d^p, mua
theo khuynh hirong nao thi khi trao doi cung phai c6 h'
2
VQI vdng va b i n h luan ve hai y kien ... (4,0 diem)
3.a. C a m nhan niem khat khao tan huong sv song
b. Trao doi voi Tran H u n g John (1,5 diem)
Thi sinh c6 the dong tinh, khong dong tinh, hoac chi
C a m nhan niem khat khao tan h u 6 n g s u song trong
0,5
0,5
quyen song ehinh dang ciia eon nguoi ea nhan, vi the da
nhan ra tinh nhan ban trong niem khat khao tan huong
s u song ciia cai toi 6 bai tho Voi vdng, xem do la bieu
hien manh liet ciia cai toi ea nhan tich cue.
+ 6 thoi dai Tho moi, khat khao tan huong s u song ciia
cai toi ay da eo anh huong tich cue sau sac den y thiie ca
nhan, long yeu doi, yeu cupe song ciia con nguoi, dac
bi^t la tang lop thanh nien.
0,5
3b
C a m nh|n ve nhan vat Phung trong Chiec thuyen ngodi
5,0
xa va b i n h luan cac y kien ...
n g u o i (1,0 d i e m )
+ Thai d o k h i c h u n g kien canh bao l y c ciia gia d i n h hang
V a i net ve tac gia va tac pham (0,5 diem)
- N g u y e n M i n h Chau la nha van tieu bieu ciia van hoc
0,5
Viet N a m t h o i chong MT, d o n g t h o i la n g u o i m a d u a n g
xua't sac cho cong cuoc d o i m a i van hoc t u sau 1975.
- M p t t a m l o n g day tran t r a , l o au ve than p h a n con
chai: bat ngo, sung sot, buc xiic; h a n h d p n g : xong vao
can thiep de bao ve n g u o i dan ba, ...
+ L a n g nghe, day d u t v o i cau chuyen cuoc d o i ciia
6
n g u o i dan ba hang chai 6 toa an huyen; am anh b o i h i n h
giai doan truoc, ngoi b u t ciia ong theo k h u y n h h u o n g s u
0,5
0,5
anh va than phan n g u o i dan ba hang chai k h i t r o lai
thi, t h o i k i sau chuyen sang cam h u n g the su v o i n h i r n g
thanh pho; lo au cho t u o n g lai ciia n h i r n g n g u o i t r o n g
van de ve dao due va trie't l i nhan sinh; d o i m o i ve n g h ^
cuoc; thay d o i han nhan thuc ciia ban than ve cuoc d o i
t h u a t viet t r u y e n .
va nghe thuat.
- Chiec thuyen ngodi xa la truyen ngan xua't sSc ciia
- N g h e t h u a t the h i e n (0,5 d i e m )
N g u y e n M i n h Chau trong thoi k i sau. Tac p h a m ke ve
+ P h u n g v u a la m o t nhan vat trong t r u y ? n , v u a la n g u o i
chuyen d i thuc te'ciia nghe sT nhiep anh P h u n g , qua d o
ke chuyen tao nen ti'nh da dang ve d i e m n h i n ; d u p e
the hien each n h i n sau sac ciia tac gia ve cuoc song va su
k h i e hoa v o i d o i song npi tam sau sac.
ban khoan ve than phan con n g u o i .
+ N h a n vat d u p e dat trong hoan canh dac biet: lien tiep
G i a i thich y kien (0,5 diem)
d o i mat v o i hai canh d o i trai nguoc, qua do, l a m noi bat
- Tarn hon nhqy cam va say me cdi dep la kha nang k h a m
0,5
len cac b i n h d i ^ n nhan each ciia kieu nhan vat ngh# sT.
pha, phat hien t i n h te va c6 n h u n g r u n g d o n g m a n h l i ^ t
3.b. B i n h l u a n ve h a i y k i e n (1,5 d i e m )
truoc n h i r n g ve dep p h o n g p h i i trong cuoc song.
- H a i y kien tren de cap den n h i r n g ve dep khae n h a u
- Tarn Idng tran tra, lo du ve than phan con nguoi la m o i
t r o n g p h a m chat ciia nghe sT Phiing. Y kien t h u nhat
q u a n tam t h u o n g true va sau nang d a n h cho n h i r n g
nhan m a n h p h a m chat hang dau ciia m p t n g u o i nghe sT
canh d o i kho dau, than phan bat hanh; la p h a n u n g
la tdm Hon nhay cam va say me cdi dep. Y kien t h u hai
t r u o c n h u n g nhieu n h u o n g , ngang trai.
khSng d j n h p h a m chat sau xa nhat ciia n g u o i nghe sT
C a m nhan ve nhan vat Phung va b i n h luan ve hai y
chan c h i n h la tam Idng tran tra, lo du ve thdn phan con
ngii'di.
kien (4,0 diem)
- H a i y kien t u y khae nhau n h u n g k h o n g d o i lap ma bo
3.a. C a m nhan ve nhan vat Phung (2,5 diem)
sung cho nhau; h o p thanh su n h i n nhan toan d i e n va
- Mpt tam hon nhay cam va say me cai d?p tho mpng
canh vat tren d a m pha lang chai; m a i me t h u o n g lam, v 6
dpc nhan thuc sau sac h o n ve ve d?p toan v?n ciia nhan
0,5
iift* y chung: Thi sinh cd the lam bdi theo nhung cdch khdc nhau, chdp nhan cd
minh.
t a m hon k h i c h i m d 3 m trong nhCrng suy t u o n g ve s u
t h o n g nhat giOa cai dep va cai t h i ^ n , ve sy tan thien tan
vat nay, c i i n g n h u tham thia h o n y t u o n g nghe thuat ciia
nha van.
v a p n a m bat, hao hue g h i vao o n g k i n h d i e u l u y ^ n ciia
+ N i e m han hoan ciia kham pha va sang tao tran ngap
0,5
t h o n g nhat ve p h a m chat nghe sT ciia P h i i n g ; g i i i p n g u o i
ciia canh vat (1,0 diem)
+ N h a y ben v o i ve dep " t r o i cho" het sue t h o m o n g ciia
1,0
nhifng cdch khdc voi ddp an, nhung phdi ddm bao nhung yeu cau vekien thuc. Tren
0,5
dpi vua t y do, trong sang ciia song Huong giiia
"Ke CO hoi thi non nong tao ra thanh tfch, nguoi chan chinh thi kien nhan
lap nen thanh t u u " .
long Truong Son - mpt ve dep con day tinh ban nang.
Hay viet mot bai van ngan (khoang 600 tir) trinh bay suy nghi ciia anh/chi
ve y kien tren.
+ Hinh anh nguoi me phii sa to dam ve dep dju dang va
II. PHAN R I E N G (5,0 diem)
eiia su truong thanh mang cot each van hoa.
Thi sinh chi dug-c lam mpt trong hai cau ciia phan rieng (cau 3.a hoac cau 3.b)
Cau 3.a. Theo chuong trinh Chuan (5,0 diem)
- Ve nghe thuat:
Cam nhan ve ve dep su thi cua hinh tuong nhan vat Tnu trong tac pham
Rung xa nu aia Nguyen Trung Thanh (Ngii- van 12, Tap hai, NXB Giao due
Viet Nam, 2011).
Cau 3.b. Theo chuomg trinh Nang cao (5,0 diem)
Cam nhan ve hai doan tho sau;
Sao anh khong ve choi thon VT?
Nhin nang hang cau nang moi len
i
Vuan ai muot qua xanh nhu ngpc
; ^'
La true che ngang mat chij- dien.
mpt sinh the eo hon cot va lam noi bat dupe nhung net
;:
!
*j
(Day thon V7 Da - Han Mac Tu, Ngu van 11 Nang cao)
Tap hai, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, 2011, tr.46)
Nha em c6 mot gian giau,
Nha anh eo mpt hang cau lien phong.
Thon Doai thi nho thon Dong,
Cau thon Doai nho giau khong thon nao?
(Tuong tu - Nguyen Binh, N g u van 11 Nang cao.
Tap hai, NXB Giao due Vipt Nam, 2011, tr.56)
Het
Thi sinh khong duoc su dung tai lieu. Can b6 coi thi khong gidi thich gi them.
tri tue ciia song Huong khi ra khoi rung - mpt ve dep
Hinh anh v i von dac sac khien song Huong hien ra nhu
0,5
0,5
doi eye trong tinh each ciia song Huong; gia tang chat
tru tinh, chat tho cho loi van tuy but.
Trinh bay suy nghi ve y kien: Ke co hoi thi non nong
2
tao ra thanh tich, nguoi chan chinh thi kien nhan lap
3,0
nen thanh tm
1.
Giai thich y kien (0,5 diem)
- Ke CO hoi la nguoi Ipi dung thai co de muu cau Ipi ich
truoc mat, bat ke vipe lam diing hay sai; nguoi chan
chinh la nguoi luon biet song diing vdi thuc chat va
phu hpp voi nhuTig gia tri xa hpi; thanh tich la nhung
ket qua dupe danh gia tot; thanh tuu la nhung thanh
qua CO y nghia Ion, dat dupe sau mpt qua trinh ben bi
phan dau.
- Ve npi dung, y kien nay chi ra su doi lap ve 161 song
va each hanh xu tron^cong vipc giiia loai nguoi ca hpi
va nguoi chan chirift^ji; y j ^ ^ j jj^-u
p^|^!u
0,5
2.
Bkn Iu|n ve y kien (2,0 diem)
chien, gan bo mat thiet v o l m a n h dat Tay N g u y e n .
- Ke CO hoi thi non nong tqo ra thanh tich (1,0 diem)
- Rieng xa nu dupe viet n a m 1965, la m p t thien t r u y e n ket
+ Do t h o i v u I p i , bat chap d u n g sai nen t r o n g cong
tinh n h i i n g ve d?p co ban ciia k h u y n h h u a n g su t h i v a
vi^c, ke CO h p i k h o n g cau " k e t qua t o t " m a chi cau
"duQc d a n h gia tojt". Ke cang v y I p i t h i cang n o n n o n g
cam h u n g lang m a n t r o n g van x u o i k h a n g chien.
0,5
2.
CO dugc thanh tich. Boi the^ loai n g u a i nay t h u o n g chi
t u a n g cua t h o i dai, so phan gan v a i n h u n g su k i ^ n Ian
+ Ve thuc chat, each hanh x u ay la l o i song gia d o i , la
t h o i an gian l a m do'i khien cho that gia bat phan, l a m
bang hoai cac gia t r j t r o n g xa h p i ; do c h i n h la s u suy
cua cpng dong, ket tinh n h i m g p h a m chat tieu bieu nhat
ciia cpng d o n g va lap nen n h u n g chien cong hien haeh.
0,5
b o i canh k h o n g gian k i vT, each tran thuat trang t r p n g ,
tich Ian tran n h u h i ^ n nay.
g i p n g d i ? u thiet tha h u n g trang.
- Nguai Chan chinh thi kien nhan lap nen thanh tuu (1,0 diem)
3.
rinh
ciia n g u a i chan chinh. Bai the hp t h u o n g kien n h a n
t r o n g m p i cong v i f c de l a m nen n h i i n g ket qua thuc su,
0,5
lang X6 M a n .
+ K h i ke t h u giay xeo que h u a n g , T n i i phai chiu n h i e u
0,5
+ K h i dupe giae ngp each mang va v i i n g len quat k h a i ,
h p i rien len.
eon d u a n g den v a i each mang ciia n g u a i dan Tay Nguyen.
- Can nhan thuc ro day la hai kieu n g u o i doi lap nhau
- Nhan vat mang tam voc cua nguai anh hiing (1,5 diem)
ve nhan each: m o t loai n g u a i rieu cue thap hen can phe
+ T m i CO n i e m tin t r o n g sang va sk da vao chan l i ciia
phan, m p t m a u n g u a i rich cue cao ea can tran t r p n g .
+ T n i i CO m p t k h i phach p h i t h u o n g , m p t tinh than chien
hpc Viet N a m h i f n dai, t r u o n g thanh tit hai cupc khang
0,5
0,5
d a u qua cam v 6 song.
C a m nhan ve ve d?p s u thi ciia hinh tugng nhan vat T n i i
- N g u y e n T r u n g Thanh la m p t nha van rieu bieu ciia van
+ T n i i CO m p t tinh yeu Ion lao, sau sac v a i gia d i n h ,
que h u a n g x i i so va m p t long cam t h u giae m a n h liet.
song CO h p i , non nong chay theo thanh tich gia.
V a i net ve tac gia, tac pham (0,5 diem)
0,5
each mang.
0,5
d a u de lap nen n h u n g thanh ri^u; d o n g t h a i len an l o i
1.
0,5
qua trinh horong thanh ciia T n i i cung rat dien h i n h cho
Bai hpc nhan thiic va hanh dpng (0,5 diem)
trong tac pham Rimgxd nu ciia Nguyen Trung Thanh
0,5
dau t h u o n g mat mat, tieu bieu cho n o i dau t h u o n g mat
m a t I a n ciia dan toe.
dich thuc cho m i n h va cpng dong, gop phan thuc day xa
l u o n coi t r p n g n h u n g ket qua that va kien n h i n phah
0,5
c u u m a n g d u m bpc va t r o thanh n g u a i con u u h i ciia
+ Ve thuc chat, each hanh x u ay thupe ve loi song chan
- Can n o i theo l o i song cua n h u n g n g u a i chan chinh,
(1,5 diem)
+ K h i con nho, T n i i la d i i a tre m o coi dupe b u o n lang
n g u a i , d i i co k h i phai tra gia dat.
q u y ; g i i i p tao nen n h u n g thanh qua thuc, n h u n g gia t r i
- Nhan vat co so phan gan bo vai nhimg hien colon cua lang
XoMan
n h i m g t h a n h qua thuc m o i tao nen gia t r i thuc cua con
thuc, t r u n g thuc, bieu h i f n cua n h u n g p h a m chat cao
V e d?p sit thi ctia h i n h tugng nhan v?it T n i i (4,0 diem)
a. Noi dung hinh tuang (3,0 diem)
n h u n g thanh qua co y nghia Ian. D o i v a i hp, chi co
3.a
0,5
- N h a n vat sir t h i t h u o n g dupe khae hpa t r o n g n h i i n g
d o i ve dao due; loi song co h p i nay da k h i e n b^nh thanh
3.
V e d?p s u thi cua nhan vat van hpc (0,5 diem)
- N h a n vat su t h i la m a u nhan vat anh h i i n g m a n g l i
tao ra thanh rich gia.
+ C o i t r o n g chat l u p n g that, ket qua that la due
0,5
5,0
h NQM thuat khac hoa hinh tuang (1,0 diem)
- K h o n g k h i t r u y e n dupe d u n g n h u cac cupc ke khan
0,5
t r u y e n t h o n g ciia cac gia lang t h u o truae; 161 viet t r u y ? n
ngan hi?n dai pha t r p n nhieu yeu to sir t h i dan gian
k h i e n m p t nhan vat cua t h a i dai chong M i , lai p h a n g
19
phS't h i n h b o n g n h u n g anh h i i n g six t h i c6 dai.
- H i n h anh giau t i n h tgo h i n h , cha't hpa q u y e n v o i chat
- B u t phap ngh# thuat c6 sy ke't h g p giua ta t h y c va
nhac, ta thue ke't hap v o i each d i f u ; t u ngir t i n h te dpe
bieu t u g n g : nhan vat T n i i gan lien v o i m o t bieu tu(?ng
n u ; h i n h anh d o i ban tay T n i i dugc
dao gay an t u o n g manh.
0,5
ve sue song bat di?t ciia n g u o i Tay N g u y e n do la cay xa
3.
m i e u ta n h u m p t
- T a m trang t u o n g t u a i a cai toi t r u t i n h m a n g n h u n g
vat; g i p n g d i f u trang trong, hao h u n g ; n g o n n g i i day
h o i v u a " v o vao". K h o n g gian tho la lang canh quen
C a m nhan ve hai doan the trong bai Day than Vt Da va
Tuomgtu
thupc ciia x u Bac v o i n h u n g hang eau, gian giau, thon
5,0
Doai, thon Dong. Ca t i n h Ian canh deu the h i ^ n n i e m
V a i net ve tac gia, tac pham (0,5 diem)
khao khat h o n nhan nong nan ma y v i .
- H a n M ^ c T u dugc xem la hi?n t u p n g la nhat ciia
- Sac d i ^ u t i n h cam ciia cai toi T h o m o i t h a m d u p m n o i
0,5
p h o n g trao T h o m o i v o l sue sang tao m a n h liet va da
l o n g eiia m p t chang trai que
dang; Day thon VT Da i n trong tap Dau thuomg, la t h i
b. Venghe thuat (1,0 diem)
- N g u y e n B i n h la nha tho "chan que" ciia p h o n g trao
- The tho luc bat kieu ca dao; gipng di?u "que", 161 n o i
T h o m o i v o i p h o n g v i dan gian d a m da; Tuang tu i n
"que" d a m da; l a i tho dang d o i t r u n g diep u y e n chuyen.
t r o n g tap La budc sang ngang, la m p t bai t h a tieu bieu
- T a m trang bpc bach theo l o i m u p n canh to t i n h ; h i n h
cho p h o n g each t h a dpc dao ciia ong.
anh t h o c6 n h i e u cap d o i hmi t i n h an chua n i e m khao
V e doan tho trong bai Day thon Vi Da (2,0 diem)
khat nhan d u y e n : Nhd em - nha anh, gian giau - hang cau,
a. Venoi dung (1,0 diem)
thon Doai - thon Dong, khien cho d u y e n que q u y ^ n chat
- Canh v u o n thon VT b u o i ban m a i toat len ve d?p t i n h
4.
v a i sac xanh m u a t nhu ngoc a i a cay la, v a i ducmg net
duyen
dang
thanh
nha ciia la true eke ngang.
0,5
V e sv tuong dong va khac bi?t (0,5 diem)
- Tuang dong: T a m trang t h o deu la n h u n g n o i n i e m a i a
Con
t i n h yeu d o n p h u o n g , chat chua nhieu khao khat va
n g u a i m a n g ve d?p chan thyc, p h i i c hgu v o i k h u o n
p h a p p h o n g , kha tieu bieu cho cai toi T h o m o i . B u t
m a t ch\x dien thap thoang sau hang la triie; canh va
p h a p lang m a n t r u t i n h c6 s u hoa dieu giua ta thuc
n g u o i hoa h p p l a m nen m p t bue tranh b i n h dj ma cao
v o i t u p n g t r u n g , each d i f u ;
sang, t h o m p n g .
k h u n g canh quen thupc a i a lang que dat V i ^ t .
- N h a n vat t r u t i n h h i f n len qua n o i hoai n i e m chon cu
- Khdc biet: 6 Day thon Vi Da, tinh l u a d o i an sau t i n h x i i
canh xua; t i n h yeu danh cho t h o n VT c6 sv chan hoa
0,5
k h o n g gian t h o deu la
0,5
so; h i n h anh nghieng ve ta thuc kieu lang man; n g o n ngix
g i u a t i n h l u a d o i va t i n h yeu sy song, v u a thiet tha v u a
t r y c ta d a m cam xiic ca the... 6 Tuang tu, t i n h cam l u a d o i
p h a n g phat u hoai.
tua vao t i n h cam thon lang; h i n h ai\ tho nghieng ve t i n h
b. Venghe thuat (1,0 diem)
each dieu dan gian; ngon n g i j chan que than thupc...
Luu y chung: Thi sinh c6 the lam bai theo nhimg each khdc nhau, nhung phai dam
- Cau h o i t u t u da sac thai: v u a h o i han, m a i mpc v u a
nhae nho, h o n trach; g i p n g t h o giau sac d i ^ u : v u a x o n
xang v u a ban khoan.
on
0,5
v o i canh que.
0,5
k h o i , thanh tan v o i h i n h anh ndng hang cau nang moi len,
khien m o i t u a n g t u m a n g
0,5
d a m ve d^p chan que.
p h a m xuat sac ciia t h a V i ^ t N a m hi$n dai.
2.
0,5
sac thai cu the: vira n h o m o n g v u a khao khat, v u a u a m
chat tao h i n h va chat tha.
1.
V e doan tho trong b^i Tucmg tu (2,0 diem)
a. Vengi dung (1,0 diem)
bieu tuQ^ng dpc dao cho cupc d o i va so phan cvia nhan
3.b
0,5
0,5
bdo nhimg yeu cau vekien thuc. Tren day chi la nhimg y ca ban thi sinh can dap
img; vice eho diem cu the timg can can dua vdo ban hu&ng dan cham kern theo.
21
Chuyen de 1
fioai tarn su: "Nhung dieu ky dieu la dau trong ciing cue den the moi the luc cua toi
dc ciing khong giei duac sue song con nguai. Lay lat doi kho, nhuc nha, Mi van song,
tham, tiem tang, manh Hit." Tim hieu vao tac pham ta se thay ro dieu do.
CAC DANG Dt THI CAU 5 DI^M
I . D A N G Dfi T H I C H I ? N G M I N H M O T N H A N D I N H . M O T t
KIEN
De thi nay khong phai la moi nhung da lau roi Bo khong ra. Nam 2013, Bp
Giao Due lai ra lai dang de nay. Vai the he hoc sinh sau nam 2008 thi dang de
nay qua la rat kho v i no doi hoi kien thuc tong hop va trinh do nhan thuc cao.
Ne'u hoc sinh chi muc Trung binh thi rat kho an diem. Tuy nhien, t u day cac
em khong con phai lo lang niia v i cau true sau se giiip cac em t u biet phai lam
1. Cau true de thi dugc cu the hoa theo khung sau.
Npi dung
Diem
I. Mobai
Neu van de (dan y kieh, nhan dinh vao)
I I . Than bai
1. Vai net ve tac gia tac pham
0,5
2. Giai thich y kien, nhan dinh
0,5
3. Phan tich, cam nhan (4,0 diem)
3a. Phan tich, cam nhan ve van de dugc dat ra:
noi dung va ngh| thuat.
3b. Binh luan ve cac y kien (dong y hay bac bo)
III. Ketbai
2,5
1,5
Danh gia chung
2. H u a n g dan giai mpt so de t h i
l.Trong bai Cam nghi ve truyfn " V g chong A Phu", To Hoai viet:
"Nhung dim ky dim Id dm trong cting cue dm the, moi theluc cua toi dc
cUng khong giei duac sue song eon ngucri. Lay lat doi kho, nhue nhd, Mi van
song, dm thdm. Hem tdng, mdnh Hit." (Tac pham van hpc 1930 - 1975, Tap
hai, NXB Khoa hpc Xa hoi, 1990. tr.71)
Phan tich nhan v|t M y trong t r u y f n ngan V p chong A Phu (doan trich
dupe hpc) cua To Hoai de lam sang to nhgn xet tren.
Hl/ONG DAN
I. M O BAI
" V g chong A Phu" la mot truyen ngan rat thanh cong cua To Hoai viet ve
eon nguoi vung niii cao Tay Bac. Trong tac pham nay, nha van da xay dung
thanh cong hinh tuong nhan vat M y - nguoi no 1§ da dung len go bo gong
cum, xieng xich de den voi anh sang cua t u do. Viet ve nhan vat cua minh. To
II. T H A N BAI
1. Khai quat: To Hoai la mpt trong so' rat it nha van Viet Nam viet thanh
cong ve dong bao dan toe a mien mii. Voi truy?n ngan " V p chong A Phu" (riit
trong tap truyen Tay Bac, 1953, giai nhat cua H p i Van nghe Vi?t Nam 19541955) Ian dau tien To Hoai da lam cho nguai doc xiic dong truoc eupe song no
le day tui nhuc cua dong bao dan toe Tay Bac dudi ach thong tri ciia thuc dan
phong kien va cho thay sue song tiem tang manh liet ciing n h u eon duang ma
hp da den voi each mang.
"
2. Giai thich nhan xet: Dung nhu tac gia To Hoai da noi "Nhung dieu ky
dieu la dau trong ciing cue den the moi theluc cua toi dc cUng khong giei duac sue
song eon nguai. Lay lat doi kho, nhuc nha, Mj van song, dm tham, tiem tang, manh
liet". Dieu "ky dieu" la dieu ma nhirng su to't d^p den vai minh n h u mpt
phep mau. "Sue song tiem tang" la sue song npi tai, an chua ben trong. No se
bung chay khi gap dieu kien, hoan canh thuan Ipi. Day von la mpt pham chat
cao quy cua con nguoi Vi^t Nam. N h u vay, npi dung ma To Hoai muon noi
den do la ngpi ca sue song eua con nguoi Tay Bac thong qua nhan vat trung
tam la nhan vat M y .
3. Phan tich nhan vat M i :
' '
a. H i n h tupng nhan vat M i "Lay lit doi kho, nhuc nha": ngay t u dau
truyen. M i xuat hien trong khong gian nha giau "nha nhieu nuang, nhieu bac,
nhieu thuo'c phien nhat lang" nhung M i lai la con nguai chiu nhieu dau
thuang tiii nhuc "mpt c6 gai ngoi quay spi ben tang da truoc cua, canh tau
ngua. Luc nao eung vay, dii quay spi, thai c6 ngua, det vai, che cui hay di cong
nuoc dual khe suoi len, c6 ay cung ciii mat, mat buon ruoi r u p i " . Co gai ay
chinh la M j , con dau nha Thong Ly Pa Tra. Nhung chu "eon dau" von rat
thieng lieng ay lai gan lien vai hai chu "gat np". Nen cai thieng lieng tra thanh
cai re rung mat roi.
M i da tung la eo gai tre dep, so'ng soi noi, thoi sao hay, thoi la gioi dupe biet
bao nhieu trai lang me, theo duoi "trai den dung nhan ca chan vach dau buong
M i " . M i da tung khao khat yeu thuang va ciing eo nguoi yeu hen ho cho dpi.
Ngay ay M i eon la mpt c6 gai eo nhan each vai long t u trong dang qui, san
sang lao dong gian kho de dupe song t u do chu nhat quye't khong chiu ban cho
nha giau: "eon nay da biet cuoe nuang lam ngo, eon phai lam nuong ngo gia
np thay cho bo. Bo dung ban con cho nha giau". Cau noi ay da bpc 16 mpt tain
long hieu thao, mpt long t u trpng cao dp. The nhung. M i b6ng dung bi bat, cat
T3
dijrt khoi moi truong song quen thupc dua vao x6 nha tam toi day doa ciia nha
Thong Ly Pa Tra.
Thoi gian dau M i c6 phan khang "c6 den hang may thang dem nao M i cung
khoc". M i da tung nghl den cai che't, an nam la ngon t y t u de thoat khoi cupc
song tui nhyc dau don ay. Nhung v i thuong cha gia. M i da nem nam la ngon
xuong da't n h u nem di tuoi tre, hanh phiic cua minh de quay lai nha thong ly
song kiep trau ngua de ven tron chu hieu. Va cung t u do M i da cung liic bi
nhieu lop day thong Ipng riet chat vao c6. Mon no la sgi day thu nhat bien M i
thanh sue no trong nha Thong Ly. M i c6 cuoc song thong kho con hon ca trau
ngua, b} boc Ipt sue lao dpng tan nhan voi ngay thang d i qua chi biet "tet xong
thi len niii hai thuoc phien, giua nam thi giat day, xe day, cuoi miia thi di
nuong be b i p . . . suot nam suot doi nhu the". Than quyen la spi dSy troi thu hai
da lam M j bi te li^t ve mat tinh than, mat het y thiic phan khang. Trong can
buong nhu dia ngyc, anh sang cua 6 cua bang ban tay cang lam cho M i mat het
y niem ve thoi gian, khong gian. De roi "6 lau trong cai kho. M i quen kho roi",
Mj tuong minh n h u con trau con ngua. Long M i chai san, v6 cam, chi ciii mat.
Cupc song dau tat mat toi da chon vui mpi cam xuc, suy nghi, y thuc noi con
nguoi M i , bien M i thanh mot cai bong vat v6, lang le "moi ngay M i cang
khong noi, liii liai nhu con rua nuoi trong x6 cua".
Dai M j chim trong tam toi, cam lang. R6 rang, cuong quyen va than quyen
de len vai nguoi con gai bi ciing ma nha nguoi cho bpn nha giau c6 quyen
trong che dp phong kien da lam cho M i song am tham, dau kho. Dung la "Lay
lit doi kho, nhvic nha"
b. Nhrnig dieu ky di^u la dau trong cung c\rc dan dau. Mi van an chiia
mpt sue song tiem tang manh li^t: Giua canh miia xuan niii rung Tay Bac, M i
nhd va song lai nhung mua xuan qua khu. Tieng sao da danh thiic trong M i c6
gai aia ngay nao. No da den ben M i , nhe nhang ru bo nhung tro tan bam lay
Mj va dua M i deh trang thai hoi sinh. Tieng sao ay khieh cho M i "thiet tha b6\
hoi" va bat len trong M i may cau ca quen thupc ngay nao:
May CO con trai con gai roi
May di lam nuong
Ta chua c6 con trai con gai
Ta di tim nguoi yeu
Tieng sao ay lam M i bao dan hon de di den "noi loan": " M i len lay hu rupu
cu uohg vc tung bat". Cach uong ay c6 phan giong voi "nguoi say" trong tho
hp Ho :
Chen rupu huong dua say lai tinh
Vang trang bong xe khuyet chua tron
Say nhung ma van tinh. Ho Xuan Huong nhan ra tinh duyen 16 do "vang
trang bong xe khuyet chua tron" con M i nhan ra " M i tre lam. M i van con tre,
}4} muon di choi". Chi tiet ay da the hi^n khat vpng song manh me, manh liet
trong M i . Khat vpng vupt nguc c6 ai ngo lai xuat hi^n trong mpt con nguoi
tuong chung nhu da nguoi lanh. No choan lay tam tri ciia M j de tro thanh sue
jrianh phuc sinh. Do la liic ma khat vpng song Ion hon mpi noi sp hai khien M i
hanh dpng gap gap: " M i cuon lai toe. M i lay cai vay hoa giat 6 phia trong
vach... M i riit them cai ao". Thua biet A Su - bong dem ciia cuong quyen 6 do,
nhung M i khong sp v i M i da khong con la con ngua con trau nua. M i la mot
con nguoi nen c6 quyen dupe lam nguoi. The nhung, su dpc ac cua A Su da
chan dung cai quyen dupe lam nguoi vua nhom len trong M i , han vui dap
chang tiec thuong voi mpt thiing spi day troi nghien M j vao cot nha.
Dung nhu To Hoai da tam su: "dieu ky di^u la dau trong cung cue den the
mpi the luc ciia tpi ac cung khong giet dupe sue song con nguoi". Boi trong liic
bi troi ma M i "van khong biet minh dang bi troi" boi A Su chi troi bupc dupe
the xac ciia M i nhung khong the nao troi bupc dupe tam hon ciia con nguoi
yeu tv do. Den ca cai chi tiet M i giat minh tinh giac va nho lai cau chuyen
nguoi dan ba bi troi che't trong nha ngay truoc. M i thay sp - sp che't. ma "sp
che't" la bieu hi^n cao dp nhat ciia long ham song. Do chinh la sue song tiem
tang manh li§t.
Miia xuan ay troi qua. M i dii khong thoat ra khoi nha Thong Ly nhung no
giong nhu tia liia nho bao hieu dam chay ngay mai. Khat vpng a'y trong M i la
nhimg dpt song ngam nhung no se troi day ngay mai de tro thanh song than
de cuon di bao tiii nhuc ciia hom nay.
Khi mau thuan giiia thuc tai phu phang va khat vpng song t u do len dinh
diem, thi tac gia da coi niit bang each dua nhan vat A Phii vao truy^n. A Phii la
chang trai mo coi, v6 tpi, chi v i dung cam lieu sp'ng che't de bao ve le phai ma
da thanh ke toi doi trong nha Thong L i Pa Tra, roi cung bj troi dung vao cpt
thay mang cho con bo nha Thong L i Pa Tra, cho che't.
Nhung dem dau dau thay A Phii bi troi M i van than nhien, duong nhu M j
da tro thanh ke cam chiu voi noi sp co huu da an sau vao tam hon M i . Hon
nua, canh troi nguoi d cpt trong buong toi den che't trong nha Thong Li Pa Tra
da la chuy?n binh thuong roi, c6 gi la dau. The tai dau M i da lay dao cat troi
cho A Phii?
Truoc tien la M j thay thuong nguoi ciing canh ngp. Dong nuoc mat lap
lanh bo xuong hai hom ma da xam den lai ciia A Phii da hoi thiic M j phai hanh
idpng. Dong nude mat ciia nguoi no le ay da khoi day long thuong nguoi bi v u i
lap trong Mj. T u v6 cam den dong cam. M i thay thuong minh v i M i cung da
1 nuFi
uann
nteu
tung bi chiing no bat ve trinh ma nha nay, da tung bi troi trong mpt dem tinh
miia xuan day khat vpng. Vay nen. M i hieu chang trai v6 tpi kia, sao phai chet
nhu the? T u do. M i thay "chung no that dpc ac", nghia la M i rihan ra ban chat
dpc ac tan bao cua cha con Thong L i Pa Tra.
N h u vay, t u tam long ciia nguoi phu nvt c6 long thuong nguoi, cam thong
voi nguoi cung canh ngp den su uat han cam ghet ke thu dpc ac da thuc day
nguoi cam dao cit troi cho A Phu. Hanh dpng c6 fa'nh bpc phat ay thyc ra ciing
rat logic voi qua trinh dien bien tam ly aia M i , mpt c6 gai yeu doi khao khat
song t u do da bj don nen trong tu tiing dau kho cua chuoi ngay dai uat han.
Tuc nuoc vo bo.
Hanh dpng c^t day troi cho A Phu ciing giong nhu hanh dpng ciia chi Dgu
trong tac pham Tat den ciia Ngo Tat To, da danh lai bpn nguoi nha ly truong
nga chong queo. Hanh dpng ay the hien cai khat vpng song, ngpn lua yeu
thuong su song manh li^t da chay bung len trong con nguoi cua M i . Sau phut
hoang loan ciia hanh dpng lieu ITnh, don dpc, manh dpng M i da dua ra quyet
djnh chop nhoang: chay theo A Phii. B6i v i "a day thi chet mat". Sue song
tiem tang manh li^t, long khao khat cupc song t u do da chi duong cho hanh
dpng ciia M j .
3. Binh luan nhan xet: R6 rang hinh anh ciia M i chua dung mpt sue song
"tiem tang, manh liet" diing nhu loi nhan xet ciia tac gia. T u v6 cam, chai san,
tuong chung nhu da chet. M j da vung diing len phan khang chong lai kiep toi
doi de den voi anh sang ciia t u do. Qua nhan vat M j va A Phii, nha van da gop
mpt tiehg noi nhan van cao dep benh vuc quyen song cho con nguoi lao dpng
mien niii duoi ach do hp ciia chii no phong kie'n va lii Tay don. Do la cupc dau
tranh t u tu phat den t u giac de sau nay hp den voi each mang va giai phong
cupc doi minh.
III. K E T BAI
Tom lai, voi biit phap giau mau sac dan toe, loi van day chat tho, giau chat
tao hinh, dae biet la ngoi biit phan tieh tam ly nhan vat sac sao, tac gia da the
hi^n thanh eong cupc song no le "Lay lat doi kho, nhue nha ciia M j " noi rieng
va dong bao Tay Bae noi chung duoi thoi phong kien thuc dan 6 mien niii. Co
nhOng liic tuong chung ngpn lira khat khao su song bi ke thii dap tit, nhung
ngpn lira ay, khat vpng song ay khong bao gio tSt, khong gi c6 the dap tat
dupe! Xay dung hinh tuong nhan vat M j , mpt c6 gai dan tpc Meo xinh dep voi
sue song tiem tang, manh li^t, nha van To Hoai da k h i n g djnh voi ban dpc
dieu ay.
0S 2: Nhan dinh ve Nam Cao, sach Van hpc 11 viet: "Ong c6 sa truong
dien ta, phan tick tam ly con nguoi". (Van hpc 11, tap mpt, NXB Giao d\ic,
tai ban 2004, trang 201). Qua nhan vat Hp trong truy#n ngSn Doi thvra,
fiTih/chi hay chrnig minh nhan dinh tren. (Khoi C - 2005)
Bai Lam
Nha van Nam Cao (1915 - 1951) la cay biit hipn thuc xuat sac ciia nen van
hpc Vi?t Nam truoc each mang va ciing la nha van c6 nhieu dong gop cho nen
van hpc non tre nhirng ngay dau. Truoc each mang, ben canh viee viet ve bi
kich cua nguoi nong dan voi tac pham bat hii "Chi Pheo" nguoi dpc eon nho
mai bi kich cua nguoi tri thiic tieu t u san truoc each mang trong tac pham "Doi
thira" ma dupe the h i f n ro qua nhan vat Hp. Nha van Nam Cao voi tai nang
xuat chiing va mpt tam long yeu thuong nhan ai bao la da the hi^n ro dupe
tam ly ciia nguoi tri thiie tieu t u san trong canh ngp bi kich ay. Chinh vi vay
nhan dinh ve Nam Cao, sach Van hpc 11 viet: "Ong c6 so truong ve dien ta,
phan tieh tam ly eon nguoi".
Truy^n ngan "Doi thira" ra mat ban dpc Ian dau tien trong trang "Tieu
thuyet thii 7" so' ra ngay 4-3-1943. Tac pham ciing de tai nay c6 "Muc mai nuoc
mat" cua Lan Khai, "No van" ciia Lang Tir, "Doi thira" con gan giii ve de tai voi
mpt so' tac pham eiia Nam Cao nhu "Trang sang", "Nuoc mat" va tieu thuyet
"Song mon". Qua tac pham Nam Cao da mieu ta thanh eong tam trang eiia mpt
nguoi tri thire tieu t u san truoc each mang.
Nhan djnh ve Nam Cao, sach Van hpc 11 viet: "Ong c6 so truong ve dien ta,
phan tieh tam ly con nguoi". So truong c6 nghIa la the manh, kha nang uu vi^t
ciia nha van chuyen chii vao mpt linh vyc nao do. 6 day, y kie'n nay de cap
den kha nang "dien ta, phan tieh tam ly eon nguoi" cua nha van Nam Cao
trong nhiing sang tac ciia ong. Ma dae bi$t la dien ta tam ly nhan vat Hp trong
"Doi thira" - mpt truyen ngan rat thanh eong ciia Nam Cao truoc each mang.
Hp von la mpt nha van, mpt nha van mang trong minh hoai bao Ion ay la
viet dupe mpt tac pham "vupt qua mpi gioi han va bo c6i" ai do vpi cho do la
sir hao danh. Nhung khong phai vay. Do la uoc mo ciia mpt con nguoi c6 ly
^ong, CO hoai bao Ion, muo'n khang dinh dupe tai nang cua minh. Hp con la
mpt nha van chan chinh.
Dieu nay dupe the hien qua mpt loat quan n i f m ciia anh ve van chuong
van chuong khong can den nhirng nguoi thp kheo tay lam theo mpt vai kieu
Tiau
dua cho, van chuong chi dung nap nhirng nguoi biet dao sau tim toi khoi
nhirng nguon chua ai khoi va sang tao nhiing gi chua eo' voi y nghi ay Hp da
Vo ciing cam ghet sir eau tha trong van chuong "cau tha trong van chuong thi
that la de ti?n". N h u vay qua nhirng quan ni^m ciia Hp ve van chuong ta thay
•
^
-—^
.
27
day la rngt nha v a n c6 hoai bao, m p t nha v a n chan chinh, c6 l i r o n g t r i cua mot
thay m i n h kho, d a n g trach h o n la han coi T i r la n g u y e n n h a n k h i e n m i n h kho.
n g u o i cam b i i t chan c h i n h y thuc dup-c trach n h i ^ m cvia n g u o i n g h f si.
fit do han da t i m den r u o u , c6 liic han toan r u o n g bo v p con.
T h e n h u n g t r u a c k h i la m p t nha v a n H p con la m o t n g u o i chong, m p t n g u o i
fChi say hSn da c6 n h i m g hanh d p n g v i i p h u qua dang "han c h i tay vao mat
cha, h 5 n con c6 m p t ganh nang gia d i n h tren v a i . Cupc song v o l m p t gia dinh
TCr" d u o i m a y m ? con T u ra ngoai. N a m Cao da c6 m p t l o i bi?n hp ye'u a t ay la
d o n g con, m p t n g u o i v o that n g h i ^ p da cuop d i 6 han s u t h a n h t h a n s u thanh
cho han hanh d p n g t r o n g luc say. N h u n g tat ca deu d o nhao t r u o c n g u y e n tac:
than can thiet de m p t t a m h o n v a n c h u o n g thang hoa, k h i m a c u het thang lai
nguyen tac t i n h t h u o n g . H p that dang trach k h i coi v p con la n g u y e n nhan l a m
"tien nha, tien gao, tien nude mam".
rninh kho. The la m p i n g u y e n tac t i n h t h u o n g m a h a n dat ra t r u o c day "ke
H o a i bao v a n c h u o n g c6 the n u n g nau t r o n g choc lat n h u n g c h u y ^ n c o m ao
la c h u y ^ n p h a i d o i m a t hang ngay. Cha the ma X u a n D i ^ u da t u n g t h o t len:
G i a day d a u con la m p t nha v a n H p giau t a m huyet, g i a u l o n g nhan dao
nUa ma la m p t con n g u o i v u p h u qua dang. H p that dang trach n h u n g eo le
"Nor dm cay dang gia nanh vud't
Cam ao khong diia vai khdch tha"
in^nh la ke g i i i p d o n g u o i khac tren d o i v a i m i n h " da b i hSn d a p do.
•
The la H p d i e n len, p h a i xoay tien. N a m Cao da that t i m i k h i m i e u ta tam
trang cua H p t r o n g canh t u n g quan ay "dang n g o i han d u n g phat day m a t ham
h a m d i ra pho', v u a d i vira nuo't ngh^n". C h i m p t doan v a n ngan m a o n g da tai
dang thucmg h o n la d a n g trach. The n h u n g N a m Cao da de cho nhan vat cua
m i n h d u n g l a i tren con d u o n g bj tha hoa ay. Sau m o i Ian say. H p lai t i n h va
nhan ro dupe sai l a m cua m i n h x i n l o i va l a m l a n h v o i v p con.
Phai la m p t n g u o i day tai nang, gia tay ngh$ thuat va v i r n g t i n vao eon
h i f n l a i t a m trang cua H p : that buc bach. N a n h v u o t ciia hOa c o m ao dang c6
nguoi t h i N a m Cao m o i eo the dat nhan vat vao 16'e xo^y cupc d o i n h u n g cuo'i
n g u y CO n u o t c h u n g nha v a n H p day tam huyet ngay nao.
eimg tinh n g u o i v a n chie'n thang. H p da khoc " A n h chi la m p t thang kho'n nan".
Va the la de c6 tien t h i H p p h a i vie't. N a m Cao la m o t nha v a n h i e n thuc nen
o n g biet rang H p m u o n c6 tien t h i p h a i vie't, viet n h i i n g tac p h a m dap u n g
Gipt nuoc m a t an nan, h o i han. Cau ehuyen ve cupc d o i H p da khep lai bang
cau hat r u d a m n u o c m a t cua Tir:
dupe n h u cau ciia m p t d a m t h i dan liic bay g i o " n h i l n g tac p h a m l a m n g u o i ta
"Ai lam cho khoi len giai
quen ngay sau liic dpc". H p p h a i vie't n h i i n g tac p h a m ay, n h u n g gia d u c6 ai
Cho mm xuong dat cho nguoi biet li"
bao han vie't n h i i n g tac p h a m cao q u y han c u n g chang biet d u o n g nao ma viet
b o i t a m trang b u c bach a tren. T h e ' r o i H p b i v a n g vao q u y dao cua hi kich.
H a n thay xa'u h o k h i dpc n h i j n g tac p h a m ay "han d o m a t len". D o la su
xa'u h o cua m p t c h i i t l u o n g t r i i t n h i e u chua v o nat t r o n g H p . H p d a u d o n , t i i i
eye k h o n g p h a i v i k h o n g d u p e vie't, ma la anh da t u g i a m len n h u n g n g u y e n
tac d o m i n h dat ra, con g i d a u d o n h o n k h i m i n h lai p h a n b p i c h i n h m i n h .
N a m Cao to ra rat t i n h te va cam t h o n g t r u o c t a m t r a n g cua H o . Phai hieu,
N h u vay, qua tan b i k i c h cua nha v a n H p , N a m Cao da khac hpa m p t each
chan thuc va sau sac b i k i c h cua n g u o i t r i thuc tieu t u san t r u o c each mang.
Dong t h o i len an xa h p i bat cong k h o n g cho con n g u o i phat trien toan d i e n ve
tai nang va nhan each. Q u a day ta ciing thay dupe tai nang ngh? thuat ve dien
ta va phan tich t a m l y bac thay eiia nha v a n N a m Cao. N h u n g d u cupc d o i c6
cay nghiet, loe xoay c6 du d p i t h i nhan v | t ciia o n g v a n h u o n g ve chan t r o i ciia
cai chan, thien, m l .
arich Bdi
p h a i cam t h o n g the nao t h i o n g m o i c6 the vie't len n h u n g t r a n g v a n day
van dat diem 10 Khoi C nam 2005 cua Nguyen Thi Tam CO chinh st(a bo sung)
g i a n g xe n h u v a y .
The la t u k h o n g t h u c h i f n dupe giac m p n g v a n c h u o n g va H p da t r o thanh
3: ' T r a n g G i a n g cua Huy Can Id bdi tho mang ve d?p vita co dien vita
ke p h a n b p i c h i n h m i n h . N h u n g N a m Cao k h o n g d u n g l a i 6 do, o n g m u o n
n g u o i dpc d i den tan c i i n g su k h o cue, b i kich cua n g u o i t r i thuc. H p lai b i day
ra k h o i - t r u o c t u n g con song du cua cupc d o i . N o da quang anh vao b i kich
nghe n g h i ^ p n o l a i quat anh vao m p t b i kich khac, b i k i c h k h o n g thuc h i ^ n
d u p e t i n h n g u o i cho trpn.
hi^
dai".
A n h (chi) hay phan tich bai tho "Trang giang" de lam sang to nhan xet
tren.
Bai L a m
M p i ehuyen bat dau t u lue han lay T u . L a y T i r han da t h u c hi?n dupe
N h a t h a H u y Can ten that la C i i H u y Can, v a i g i p n g t h o rat r i e n g da k h a n g
n g u y e n tac t i n h t h u o n g cvia m i n h da euu dupe ba con n g u o i . N h u n g roi, t u do
ehpn Ipe, the hi^n noi c6 don, lac long truoc v i i tru bao la.
gpi len su it 6i, nho be, "canh kho" gpi su kho heo, can ki^t nhua song,
lac" mang noi sau v6 dinh, troi noi, bap benh tren "may dong" nuoc thien
"hien rpng Ion menh mong. Canh cui kho do troi dac di noi nao, hinh anh gian
'^i khong to ve ma sao day rpn ngpp, khie'n long nguoi dpc cam tha'y trong
^^ng, don coi.
Net d^p CO dien "ta canh ngu tinh" that kheo leo, tai hoa cua tac gia, da gpi
^ 6 ve mpt noi buon, u sau nhu con song se eon v6 mai 6 cac kho tho con lai de
n g u o i dpc CO the cam t h o n g , tha'u hieu ve m p t net tam trang t h u o n g gap 6 cac
Khong can gai chiit niem than mat,
nha t h o m a i . N h u n g ben canh do ta cung n h i n ra m p t ve d?p h i f n dai rat t h i v i
cua kho tho. D o la 6 each n o i " C u i m p t canh k h o " t h | t dac bi^t, k h o n g chi thau
t o m cam xiic ciia toan kho, m a con he m o t a m t r a n g cua n h a n v g t t r u t i n h , m p t
n o i n i e m d o n coi, lac long.
Lang le ba xanh tiep bai vang.
H i n h anh canh beo t r o i b o n g benh tren song la h i n h anh thuofng d i i n g t r o n g
tho CO dien, no g p i len m p t cai g i bap benh, n o i t r o i cua kiep n g u o i v 6 d j n h
giua d o n g d o i . N h u n g t r o n g t h o H u y Can k h o n g chi c6 m p t hay h a i canh beo,
N o i l o n g ay d u p e g p i m a n h i e u hem qua h i n h anh q u a n h vSng cua k h o n g
gian lanh leo:
ma la "hang noi hang". Beo troi hang hang cang khieh l o n g n g u o i r p n ngpp
truac thien nhien, de t u do coi long cang dau d a n , c6 d o n . Ben canh hang noi
La tha con nho gio dm hiu
hang canh beo la "bo xanh tiep bai vang" n h u m a ra m p t k h o n g gian bao la v 6
Dau tieng lang xa van cha chieu.
ciing, v6 tan, thien nhien noi tiep thien nhien, d u o n g k h o n g c6 con n g u o i ,
H a i tir lay " l a t h a " va " d i u h i u " dupe tac gia kheo sap xep tren cung mpt
khong CO c h i i t sinh hoat ciia con n g u o i , k h o n g c6 s y giao hoa, n o i ket:
d o n g t h o da ve nen m p t quang canh vSng lang. " L a t h o " g p i s\ i t 6 i , be nho
Menh mong khong mot chuyen do ngang
" d i u h i u " lai g p i s u q u a n h que. Q u a k h u n g canh "con nho", gio t h i " d i u h i u " ,
Khong cau gai chiit niem than mat.
m p t k h u n g canh lanh leo, tieu dieu ay, con n g u o i t r o nen d o n coi, r p n ngpp
Tac gia d u a ra cau t r i i c p h i i d i n h . "...khong...khong" de p h i i d i n h hoan
den d p thot len "Dau tieng lang xa van chp chieu". C h i m p t cau t h a m a mang
toan n h i i n g ket n o i ciia con n g u o i . T r u d c m a t nha t h o g i a day k h o n g c6 c h i i t
nhieu she thai, v u a g p i "dau do", am thanh xa xoi, k h o n g ro ret, c6 the la cau
gi gpi n i e m than m a t de keo m i n h ra k h o i noi c6 d o n d a n g bao t r i i m , vay k i n ,
hoi " d a u " n h u m p t n o i n i e m khao khat, m o n g m o i cua nha t h a ve m p t chiit su
chi CO m p t t h i e n n h i e n m e n h m o n g , m e n h m o n g . Cau hay c h u y e n d o ngang,
hoat d p n g , a m t h a n h s y song ciia con n g u o i . D o cung c6 the la "dau c6", m p t su
p h u o n g t i ^ n giao ket ciia con n g u o i , d u o n g n h u da b} coi thien n h i e n nhan
p h u d j n h hoan toan, c h u n g q u a n h day chang he c6 chut g i song d p n g de xua
c h i m , t r o i d i n o i nao.
H u y Can lai kheo ve net dep c6 dien va h i ^ n dai cho bau t r o i tren cao:
bat cai tich lieu ciia thien nhien.
Lap lap may cao diin nui bac,
D o i mat nhan vat t r u t i n h n h i n theo nang, theo d o n g t r o i cua song:
Chim nghieng canh nho bong chieu sa.
"Nang xuong, troi len sdu chot v6t,
Biit phap chain pha v o i "may cao d i m n i i i bac" thanh " l o p l o p " da khien
Song dai, trai rong, ben c6 lieu."
" N a n g xuong, t r a i len" g p i s u chuyen d p n g , m a rpng ve k h o n g gian, va gpi
ca s u chia lia: b a i n a n g va t r o i m a l ^ i tach bach k h o i nhau. "sau chot v o t " la
canh dien dat m o i me, day sang tao ciia H u y Can, m a n g m p t net d?p hi?n dai.
D o i mat nha t h o k h o n g chi d u n g a ben ngoai cua t r a i , cua nang, ma n h u xuyen
tha'u va ca v u t r u , ca k h o n g gian bao la, v 6 t ^ n . Coi thien nhien ay qua la m e n h
m o n g v a i "song dai, t r a i rpng", con n h i r n g g i thupc ve con n g u a i t h i lai be nho,
CO d o n biet bao: "ben c6 lieu".
Ve d ^ p CO d i e n ciia k h o t h o h i ^ n ra qua cac t h i l i f u quen thupc t r o n g D u o n g
t h i n h u : song, t r a i , nSng, cupc song con n g u o i t h i b u o n te, chan c h u a n g v a i
"van chp chieu", m p i t h u da tan ra, chia lia.
N h a t h o lai n h i n ve d o n g song, n h i n canh x u n g q u a n h m o n g m o i c6 c h i i t gi
quen thupc m a n g lai h o i a m cho tam hon dang c h i m vao gia l a n h , ve c6 d a n .
n g u o i dpc t u o n g t u p n g ra n h u n g n i i i may trang dupe anh nang chieu vao n h u
dat bac. H i n h anh m a n g net d?p c6 dien that t r u t i n h va lai cang t h i v j h o n k h i
no dupe k h o i n g u o n cam h u n g t u m p t t u t h o D u o n g c6 ciia D o P h i i :
Mat dat may diin cm di xa.
H u y Can da van d y n g rat tai t i n h d p n g t u " d u n " , k h i e n m a y n h u chuyen
dpng, CO n p i luc t u ben t r o n g , t u n g l o p t u n g l o p may c u d u n ra m a i . Day ciing
la m p t net t h o day chat h i ^ n dai, bcri no da v a n d y n g sang tao t u t h a c6 dien
quen thupc.
Va net h i e n d a i cang bpc 16 ro h o n qua d a u h a i chain t h a n t i n h t r o n g cau
t h o sau. D a u hai cha'm nay g p i m o i q u a n h ^ g i i i a c h i m va b o n g chieu: C h i m
n g h i e n g canh n h o keo b o n g chieu, c i m g sa x u o n g m a t t r a n g giang, hay
c h i n h b o n g chieu sa, de nang len canh c h i m n h o l a m n g h i e n g I f c h ca d i .
N h u n g thien nhien da dap tra sy khao khat ay bang n h i i n g h i n h anh cang
Cau t h o ta k h o n g g i a n n h u n g g p i d u p e t h o i g i a n b a i n o s u d u n g "canh
q u a n h que, d i u h i u :
c h i m " va " b o n g chieu", v o n la nhij-ng h i n h t u p n g t h a m m y de ta hoang h o n
t r o n g Iho ca co d i e n .
Beo dat veddu, hang noi hang,
Menh mong khong mot chuyen do ngang.
32
^
' .C
N h u n g g i u a k h u n g canh c6 dien do, n g i r a i dpc Igi bSt gap net t a m t r a n g
hien d a i :
I I C A C T A C P H A M V A D A N G Dfi T H I C V T H M
PIjftR VftR IjQC L6P 11
Long que dan dan vai con nuac,
Khong khoi hoang hon cung nha nha.
" D p n d g n " la m o t t u lay nguyen sang tao ciia H u y Can, chua t i m g tha'y
HAI D U A T R £
truoc d o . T i r lay nay ho urng cung c y m tir " v a i con nuoc" cho tha'y m p t n o i
Thach L a m
n i e m bang k h u a n g , c6 d o n ciia " l o n g que". N o i n i e m d o la n o i n i e m n h o que
h u a n g k h i d a n g d i i n g giira que h u o n g , n h u n g que h u o n g da k h o n g con. D a y
* LCJI BINH V E NHA V A N T H A C H LAM
la net t a m trang c h u n g ciia nha t h a m a i liic bay gio, m o t noi long dau xot truoc
Nha van Nguyfin Tuan:
canh mat nuoc.
Lai van Thach Lam nhieu hinh dnh, nhieu tint toi, co mot each dim thanh than,
Ben canh t a m t r a n g hien d a i ay la t u t h o c6 di?n d u p e g p i t u cau t h o : "Tren
song k h o i song cho b u o n long ai" ciia Thoi H i e u . X u a T h o i H i ? u can v j n vao
b\nh di va sau sac... Van Thach Lam dong nhieu sui/ nghiem, no la cdi ket tinh cua
song de ma b u o n , ma n h o , con H u y Can t h i buon ma k h o n g can ngoai canh,
mot tam hon nhqy cam va titng trdi vesie dai. Thach Lam co nhung nhqn xet tinh tc
b o i t u n o i b u o n n o da sau sic ISm r o i . The m o i biet tarn long yeu que h u o n g
vecuoc song hang ngay. Xuc cam cua Thach Lam thuang bdt nguon vd nay no len tif
nhung chdn cdm doi vai tang lap dan ngheo thdnh thi vd thon que. Thach Lam la nha
tham thiet den n h u o n g nao ciia nha tho h o m nay.
van qui/ men cuoc song, trang trong truac cuoc song cua moi nguai chung quanh.
Ca bai t h o v u a m a n g net dep c6 dien, v u a m a n g net hien d a i . Ve dep c6
Ngdy nay doc Iqi Thach Lam, van tha'y day du cdc du vi vd cdi nha thu cua nhitng tdc
dien d u p e the hien qua l o i t h o bay c h i i mang d a m p h o n g v j D u o n g t h i , qua
pham CO cot each vd phd'm chat van hoc... (Bai viet ve Thach L a m , i n 6 cuon sach
each d u n g t u lay nguyen, q u a vi^c s i i d u n g cac t h i l i ^ u c6 d i e n quen thupc n h u :
Tuyen tap Thach Lam, tr. 323).
may, song, canh chim... Va tren het la each v a n d u n g cac t u t h o co dien, g p i cho
bai t h o k h o n g k h i co k i n h , t r a m mac ciia t h o D u o n g .
Nha phe binh V u Ngpc Phan:
Ve d?p hien d a i Ian toa qua cac cau chir sang tao, dpc dao ciia nha t h o n h u
Ngay trong tdc pham dau tay (Gio dau miia), nguai ta dd thay Thach Lam dung
"sau chot vot", dau hai cham than t i n h . N h u n g ve d?p ay d p n g lai cuoi cung la
vao mot phdi rieng... Ong co mot ngdi but Iqng le, diem tinh vd cung, ngdi but chuyen
t a m trang n h o que h u o n g ngay k h i d u n g giOa que h u o n g , net t a m trang h i ^ n
ta ty my nhung cdi rat nho vd rat dep... Phdi Id ngieai gidu tinh cdm lam mai viet dugc
d a i ciia cac nha t r i thuc m u o n d o n g gop sue m i n h cho dat nuoc m a danh bat
nhu vqy... ( N h a v a n h i ^ n dai [tap 2], tr. 1060)
luc, k h o n g l a m g i dupe.
Bai t h o se con m a i d i vao long n g u o i v o i p h o n g each tieu bieu rat " H u y
Can", v o i ve d?p c6 dien trang nha sau lang va ve dep h i f n dai m a n g nang m p t
t a m l o n g yeu nuoc, y e u que h u o n g .
GS. Pham Th€ Ngu:
^
Thach Lam la mot nha van co khuynh huang xd hoi... Dot vai ong, nhdn vat
thuang la nhung nguai tam thuang trong xd hoi: me Le trong xdm ngheo, co hdng xen
(Nguyen Hong Ngpc Lam - bai van 9,5 diem - ky thi D H 2007)
c phohuyen, cqu hoc tro di a tro, hai co gdi giang ho tra troi...Vd ong thuang dey
vqch ve cuoc dai, tinh cdm cung y nghi cua ho, cha khong ban tam Idm den viec tuyen
f
truyen tu tuomg cdch mqng xd hoi nhu trong cdc tdc pham cua Nhd't Linh hay
Hodng Dqo... Ta tha'y Thqch Lam, liion hoa dong trong cdi xd hoi nho be md ong
J^n
34
iuang xot vai tat cd tam hon da cdm cua ong... ( V i f t N a m v a n hpc s i i gian uoc tan
ien [quyen 3], tr. 490).
, % r,: t ^
G S . Phong Le:
Thqch Lam c6 quan niem dirt khodt ve thien chuc cua van chuang: "Dot vai toi, _
chuang khong phdi mot cdch dem dm cho ngu&i doc su thodt ly hay stf quen, trdi^
L-ant nang luyfftmt aai nonv^trvm
- man
uam
Hieu
2. G i a i t h i c h y ki6'n:
lai, vSn chucmg la mot thit khi gi&i thanh cao va dac lire ma chung ta c6, de vita tocdo
. Truy?n ngan trix tinh thuang c6 co't truyen don gian, giau s^c thai tru
vd thay doi mot cdi the gi&i gid dot vd tan dc, vita lam cho long nguai doc them tron^
sqch vd phong phu hon ".
rinh, khong khi, tam trang.
Co le ca hai phuang dien, vita tocdo, vita xdy dung, deu dugc Thach Lam chu y; va
, Lam nen sac thai trir tinh trong Hai diea tre chu ye'u la cam xiic buon
trong phan thanh cong cua no, cdc dak an Men thuc vd Idng man trong van Thach
thtfong va giong thii thi tram ISng, thie't tha qua mieu tk khung canh, tam trang.
Lam deu tim dugc su gan noi a chinh quan niem nay.
3. P h a n tich khung canh phd huyen v a tkm trang c u a n h a n vftt L i ^ n :
d tu each nhd van, Thach Lam doi hoi rat cao pham cha^ trung thuc cua ngu&i
nghe si Ong viel: "Su thanh thuc chua du cho nghe thuqt. Co the, nhung mot nha
van khong thanh thuc khong bao gia tra nen mot nhd van gid tri. Khong phdi cit thanh
thuc Id tra nen mot nghe sT. Nhung mot nghe sT khong thdnh thuc chi Id mot nguoi
thgkheo tay thoi" (Theo http://phongdiep.net)
PGS. NguySn Ho^mh Khung:
"...Tinh cam cua Thach Lam chdn thdnh, tuy nhien, ong chi m&i ban khoan, thuang
cam doi vai sophqn nguoi ngheo qua nhitng cdu chuyen mang mot du vi ngqm ngiii,
tgi nghiep.,
Vebut phdp, cd the :idi Thach Lam Id nhd van ma dau cho mot gigng dieu rieng:
trit tinh huang noi trong truyen ngan. Ngdi but cua ong thuang khai sdu vdo the gi&i
ben trong cua cdi "toi", v&i su phan tich cam gidc tinh te.
j
Sang tdc cua Thach Lam gidu chat tha, vd doc ong, doi song ben trong cd phong
phu han, tenhi han; chiing "dem den cho nguai doc mot cdi gt nhe nhom, tham tho vd s
mat diu " (Nguyen Tudn).
Ong la cay biit cd bi^t tdi ve truyen ngan. Nhieu truyen ngdn cua ong duang nhu
khong CO cdi truyen, song van c6 site I6i cuon rieng. Truyen ddi "Ngdy mai" cua ong
khong CO gi dac sdc vetu tuang vd nghe thuqt (Tu dien Van hQC [bo moi], tr. 1621).
a. Chat trir tinh dugm buon toat ra tu khung canh pho huy^n
.
Khung canh pho huy?n khi chieu xuong, dem ve, liic c6 chuyen tau di
qua deu duoc loc qua cai nhin va tam trang, cam giac cua nhan v^t Lien, nen
cijng tham dupm cam xiic trir tinh.
+ Canh vat hien len c6 hon, em a, thi vi ma dugm buon.
f' ' • ' • W
+ Con nguoi hi^n len vai kie'p song mon moi, tam toi; tuy vay tam hon
ho van anh len ve d^p dang tran trpng: mpt tinh nguoi chan that, mpt mo uoc
nho nhoi, hay mpt hi vpng mong manh,...
i '
'
- Khung canh pho' huyen c6 su tuong phan dam net giira bong toi va anh
sang: Bong toi day dac, bao triim len tat ca; con anh sang thi leo let lui tan, hole
rue ra vut qua. Khung canh ay gan lien vdi nhiing cam giac xen Ian buon vui
kho ta, tao nen nhieu sSc thai trir tinh.
b. Chat trir tii\ dugm buon toat ra ttr dien bien tam trang ciia nhan vat Lien
- Tam trang man mac buon truac khung canh pho' huy?n liic chieu tan va
trong dem toi:
+ Cam giac man mac buon tir canh vat tham vao long nguai va noi
buon trong tam hon ngay tho Ian toa ra canh vat.
+ Niem xot xa, thuang cam voi nhiing kie'p nguai nho nhoi, lay lat
trong bong toi.
J;Phan tich khung canh pho huy?n va tarn trang cua nhan vat Lien
de lam sing to y kien: "Hai dua tre" ciia Thach Lam la mpt truyen ngin
tm tinh dugm buon"
D A N Y PHAN T I C H
1. V a i n6t
tac gia v a tac pham:
- Thach Lam la thanh vien cua Ty lire van doan; c6 tarn long don hau va
quan ni^m vSn chuong tien bp; c6 bi^t tai ve truyen ngan; chu ye'u khai thac
the gioi npi tam nhan vat vol nhung cam xuc mong manh, mo ho.
- Hai dua tre (in trong t^p Nang trong vuon) la mot truyen ngSn dac sac
cua Thach Lam, c6 su hoa quy^n cac ye'u to' hien thuc va lang man, tu su va
trir tinh.
- Cam xvic buon vui kho ta truoc, trong va sau khi chuyen tau dem di qua:
+ Tau chua den: khac khoai, hao hue cha mong.
+ Tau den: han hoan, ngay nga't ngam nhin.
+ Tau di: bang khuang, ngam ngui, nuo'i tiec.
4. D a n h gia c h u n g :
, «,,;
- Chat trir tinh dupm buon mang lai cho Hai dua tre mpt ve d?p rieng, the
hi?n phong each ngh§ thuat dac sMc ciia Thach Lam.
- Y kien nay da dua ra dupe mpt danh gia sau sac, thoa dang.
H l / O N G D A N CHI TIET
I. M O B A I
"
Thach Lam la cay but xua't sic cua nhom T u l\rc van doan. Cay but ay
thuang huang ve nhiing con nguai be nho trong xa hpi va so' phan bat hanh
37
cua hp. Tie do khoi d | y nhimg rung cam manh li?t ve long yeu thuong con
nguoi. Truy^n c i i a Thach Lam thuong khong c6 cot truyf n "moi truy^n tya
nhu m p t bai tho t m tinh day xot thuong". "Hai dua tre" la m p t truy^n ngSn
nhu the. Thong qua biic tranh chieu tan va tam trang cua nhan v|it Lien, nha
van da mang den cho nguoi d p c nhieu tran tr
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