Mô tả:
Process Analysis
Work and Time Studies
Vietnamese German University
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert
2016
(Time in minutes)
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 1
Process analysis
Contents
Process representation
Process analysis
Time calculation in flow structures
Determination of throughput times
Determination of processing times
Process optimization
Heuristics for process optimization
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 2
Process representation
Planning
•1
Disposition
•2
Scheduling
•3
Level 1
(overview)
•4
Level 2
(rough)
• 4.2
Check
papers
• 4.3.1
Level 3
(detailed)
•5
Handover
delivery
papers
Delivery to
factory gate
• 4.1
Fill out
„receiving
statement“
• 4.3.2.1
Check:
correct
forwarder?
• 4.3.2.2
Take out of
storage
Store
•6
Book into
system
• 4.3
• 4.3.2
Enter:
register
number
Controlling
receipt of
goods
Receipt of
goods
•7
Confirm
delivery
papers
• 4.3.4
Check:
correct
supplier?
• 4.3.2.3
Return
labels and
papers
• 4.5
Enter data
manually
• 4.3.3
•8
Print labels
• 4.4
Transport
Enter:
arrival time
at gate
• 4.3.2.4
Delivery
papers in
„zip bag“
• 4.3.5
Enter:
arrival time
storage
• 4.3.2.5
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 6
Process representation
Exercise
Please create a simple process chain for producing the trolleys!
Put 4 wheel
frames on frame
Mount wheel 1
Mount wheel 2
Mount wheel 3
Mount wheel 4
Bring trolley to
storage
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 8
Process representation
Exercise
Please create a simple process chain for producing the trolleys!
Lay frame on the table
and put 4 wheel frames
on frame
Mount wheel 1
Mount wheel 2
Mount wheel 3
Mount wheel 4
Bring trolley to storage
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 9
Process representation
Organization
=
Regulatory framework,
order or structure of relationships
Organizational structure
includes e.g.
Task structure and position formation
Regulation of the responsibility and authority
Formation of an authority hierarchy
Regulation of communication and directive
relations
Operational structure
includes e.g.
Analysis and definition of workflows
Formation of tasks
Design of the interaction between
humans and work equipment with
respect to time and space
Arbeitswissenschaft 2010
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 10
Process representation
G.Dessler, 2003
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 11
Process representation
Schlick 2005
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 12
Process representation
Process representation using the organizational structure
Grundkurs Geschäftsprozess-Management, Andreas Gadatsch
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 13
Process representation
Organization structure
Customer
Make inquiry
Offer i.O.
Inquiry
Postal Dept.
Foward order
Offer
Inquiry
Examine
request
Postal
Dept.
N: Order Processing
Sales
Quote request
Standard part?
Request data
Order management
Customer
Create order
Order
Sort and
distribute mail
Sales
Improvement
request
Calculation
Calculate
request
Order management
Arbeitswissenschaft 2010
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 14
Process representation
Exercise
Can you organize your process chain for producing the trolleys
according to the 6 work stations in the lab?
Operation 1
Operation 2
Operation 3
Operation 4
Operation 5
Operation 6
Put 4 wheel frames on frame
Mount wheel 1
Mount wheel 2
Mount wheel 3
Mount wheel 4
Bring trolley to storage
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 15
Process representation
Gadatsch 2005 in Arbeitswissenschaft 2010
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 16
Process representation
Offer preparation
Sales market
(Customer)
Post written
request
Procurement
Process
control
Sales
Warehouse
Supplier part B
Examine request
for completeness
Request
Complete?
No
Consultation
with sales
Consultation
with customers
Record order
request in
order database
Yes
Product files
Information on
inventory part A
and quote costs for
part B
Pass
information on
stock part A
Share
information on
costs of part B
Gadatsch 2005 in Arbeitswissenschaft 2010
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 17
Process representation
Examine order request
for feasibility (cost,
schedule)
Consultation
with sales
Consultation
with customers
No
Order
feasible?
Yes
Consultation
Successful?
Yes
Record change
in order database
No
End offer
process
Offer finished
Calculate
offer price
Reserve
production
capacity
Write and
send offer
to customers
Production
plan
Gadatsch 2005 in Arbeitswissenschaft 2010
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 18
Process representation
Symbols and blocks in flowcharts
The use of symbols depends on the selected modeling standard
Function / Task
Data(-bank)
Decision point
Document
Connection point
Flow direction
Event
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 19
Process representation
Exercise
Each group creates a process chain at the operational level
Processing of incoming goods
Starting point: Delivery arrives
Shipment complete / incomplete
Goods okay / goods not okay
Pay invoice / return
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 20
Process representation
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 21
Process analysis
Three phases in process analysis
Recording
corporate
structure
• Goal: holistic image of the
organizational structure and the
superstructure of the company
Recording
corporate
processes
• Goal: holistic image of the
existing business processes
(concentrating on core
processes)
Analysing
corporate
processes
• Goal: Identification of
vulnerabilities and savings
potentials in business processes
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 24
Process analysis
Recording corporate processes
Methods of current
state recording
Employee
survey
Interviews
Questionnaires
Firsthand
observation
Analysing
existing data
Workshops
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 26
Process analysis
Characteristics showing the performance of a process
2007 Wiley
Dr.-Ing. Marlene Helfert | Work and Time Studies | 2016 | 29
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