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NỘI DUNG VÀ BÀI TẬP ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 12 CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI Trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít. /s/ Khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//,/h/ Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books... / iz / //// z / Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/. Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge Ex: washes , kisses , oranges….. Không thuộc hai loại trên. Ex: bags , kids , days … Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ: - Chữ s đọc /z /sau các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison.. -Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau các từ sugar,sure Exercise 1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days 2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes 3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains 4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites 5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums 6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks 7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts 8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests 9. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds 10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks 11. A. beds B. doors C. plays D. students 12. A. arms B. suits C. chairs D. boards 13. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes 14. A. relieves B. invents C. buys D. deals 15. A. dreams B. heals C. kills D. tasks 16. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses 17. A. carriages B. whistles C. assures D. costumes 18. A. offers B. mounts C. pollens D. swords 19. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names 20. A. sports B. households C. minds D. plays CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI Đây là hình thức Past tensen và Past participle: 1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : .Ex: wanted; decided 2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed... 3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : .Ex: moved; played; raised Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked Exercise 1. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted 2. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised 3. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined 4. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished 5. A. catched B. crashed C. occupied D. coughed 6. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched 7. A. measured B. pleased C. distinguished D. managed 8. A. wounded B. routed C. wasted D. risked 9. A. imprisoned B. pointed C. shouted D. surrounded 10. A. a.failed B. reached C. absored D. solved 11. A. invited B. attended C. celebrated D. díplayed 12. A removed B. washed C. hoped D. missed 13. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D.stepped 14. A. wanted B.parked C. stopped D.watched 15. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed 16. A.believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked 17. A.lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided 18. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed 19. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked 20. A.admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC : 1. A. heat B. scream C. meat D. dead 2. A. breakfast B. teacher C. east D. please 3. A. thrilling B. other C. through 4. A. idea B. going C. will D. trip 5. A. face B. place C. prepared D. days 6. A. Germany B. garden C. gate D. gas 7. A. scholarship B. Christ C. school D. chicken 8. A. house B. harm C. hour D. husband 9. A. hundred B. exhausted C. however D. heat 10. A. head B. ready C. mean D. weather 11. A. choir B. cheap C. child D. chair 12. A. charge B. child C. teacher D. champagne D. something 13. A. reason B. clear C. mean D. each 14. A. motion B. question C. mention D. fiction 15. A. gather B. good C. large D. again 16. A. change B. children C. machine D. church 17. A. write B. writer C. writing D. written 18. A. share B. rare C. are D. declare 19. A. apply B. university C. identity D. early 20. A. choice B. achieve C. each D. chemistry STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm 1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố(prefix) và hậu tố (suffix)  ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather. ... * Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway .... Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc V + ment: ag'ree(thoả thuận) =>ag'reement V + ance: re'sist( chống cự ) =>re'sistance (sự chống cự) V + er : em'ploy(thuê làm) => em'ployer( chủ lao động) V + or : in'vent ( phát minh) => in'ventor V + ar : beg (van xin) => 'beggar( người ăn xin) V + al : ap'prove( chấp thuận) => ap'proval V + y : de'liver( giao hàng)=> de'livery( sự giao hàng) V + age: pack( đóng gói ) => 'package( bưu kiện) V + ing : under'stand( hiểu) => under'standing adj + ness : 'bitter ( đắng)=> 'bitterness( nỗi cay đắng) 2/ Nhìn chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn như /∂/ hay /i/ EX:a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get , de'sign , en'joy 3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2. Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1 EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse... * Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v)... 4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes) sau đây một vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL , -ICAL, -UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy... Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television... 5) Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -AIRE, -SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE . Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon... *Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon… STRESS 1. a. pollute b. contractual c. reject d. marvellous 2. a. mechanic b. military c. apologize d. miraculous 3. a. compulsory b. intensity c. kidding d. invaluable 4. a. nursery b. focus c. delicate d. secure 5. a. curriculum b. kindergarten c. contaminate d.conventional 6. A. apology B. industrial C. Industry D. Disaster. 7. A. interview B. certificate C.applicant D. primary 8. A. certificate B. apartment C. individual D. biology 9. A. scientific B. availlable C. suspicious D. supportive 10. A. especially B. comfortably C. carefully D. possibly 11. A. importance B. subtraction C. algebra D. example 12. A. aspect B. careful C. require D. successful 13. A. terrific B. applicant C. banking D. ignorant 14. A. recognize B. challenge C. symbolize D. Continue 15. A. continent B. belong C. master D. access 16. A. appalling B. ashamed C. November D. architect 17. A. policeman B. cinema C. overcoat D. politics 18. A. competition B. intelligent C. automation D. information 19. A. accountant B. Arabic C. Germany D. chemistry 20. A. attention B. interesting C. influence D. Television EXERCISES A I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. 1. She (not work)…………………., she (swim) ……………….in the river. 2. Why Ann (not wear) ………………..her new dress? 3. You can't see Tom now: he (have) ………………..a bath. 4. He usually (drink) ………. coffee but today he (drink) ……………..tea. 5. – What she (do) …………..in the evenings? – She usually (play) ……………cards or (watch)……………… TV. 6. She (stand) …..at the bus stop. I asked her what bus she (wait) ……. for. 7. When I arrived , the lecture had already started and the professor (write) ……………. on the overhead projector. 8. I didn't want to meet Paul , so when he entered the room I (leave) ………. 9. He (watch) ……………… TV when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he (turn) ………….. down the sound and (go) ……………… to answer it. 10. – This is my house. – How long you (live)…………………… here? – I (live) …………………here since 1970. 11. He (live) ……. in London for two years and then (go) …. to Edinburgh. 12. I (not see) ………………… him for three years. I wonder where he is. 13. I can't go out because I (not finish) ……………… my work. 14. Here are your shoes; I just (clean) ……………………. them. 15. You (have) ……. breakfast yet? – Yes, I (have) …………… it at 8.00. 16. – You (be) ……………… here before? – Yes, I (spend) ……………. my holidays here last year. – You (have) …………………. a good time? – No, it never (stop) …………………. raining. 17. – Where you (go) …… for your holidays this year? – I (go)… to Holland. 18. They (get) ………………… married next week. 19. – You (do) …. anything tonight? – Yes, I (go) … to my carpentry class. 20. It (rain)…………………... Look at those clouds. 21. You (have) …………………. time to help me tomorrow? 22. – Did you remember to book seats? – Oh no, I forgot. I (telephone) ……………. for them now. 23. – He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg. – I'm sorry to hear that. I (send) ……………… him some grapes. 24. I've hired a typewriter and I (learn) …………………. to type. 25. I see that you have got a loom. You (do) ………….. some weaving? II. Multiple choices 1. She................Hanoi last year A. went B. go C. goes D. is going 2. Now you ..................from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours A. are flying B. would fly C. will fly D. can fly 3. When Carol....................last night, I................my favorite show on television A. was calling- watched B. called- have watched C. called- was watching D. had called- watched 4. By the time next summer, you....................your studies A. completes B. will complete C. are completing D. will have completed 5. Right now, Jim.................the newspaper and Kathy...............dinner A. reads- has cooked B. is reading- is cooking C. has read- was cooking D. read- will be cooking 6. Last night at this time, they.....................the same thing. She.............and he..........the newspaper A. are doing- is cooking- is reading B. were doing- was cooking- was reading C. was doing- has cooked- is reading D. had done- was cooking- read 7. – Hurry up! We’re waiting for you. What’s taking you so long? – I …………….. for an important phone call. Go ahead and leave without me. A. wait B. will wait C. am waiting D. have waited 8. – Robert is going to be famous someday. He ………. in three movies already. – I’m sure he’ll be a star. A. has been appearing B. has appeared C. had appeared D. appeared 9. – Hello? Alice? This is Jeff. How are you? – Jeff? What a coincidence! I ………….. about you when the phone rang. A. was just thinking B. just thought C. have just been thinking D. was just thought 10. – What …….. about the new simplified tax law? – It’s more confusing than the old one. A. are you thinking B. do you think C. have you thought D. have you been thinking 11. – Why did you buy all this sugar and chocolate? A. make B. will make – I ……………a delicious dessert for dinner tonight. C. am going to make D. will have made 12. – Let’s go! What’s taking you so long? – I’ll be there as soon as I …… my keys. A. found B. will find C. find D. am finding 13. While I ………………. TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor. A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching 14. The earth ……………… on the sun for its heat and light. A. is depend B. depending C. has depend D. depends 15. I don’t feel good. I ……………… home from work tomorrow. A. am staying B. stay C. will have stayed D. stayed 16. I’ve been in this city for a long time. I …………….. here sixteen years ago. A. have come B. was coming C. came D. had come 17. – May I speak to Dr. Paine, please? – I’m sorry, he ……….. a patient at the moment. Can I help you? A. is seeing B. sees C. has been seeing D. was seeing 18. – Paul, could you please turn off the stove? The potatoes …….. for at least 30 minutes. A. are boiling B. have been boiling C. boiling D. were boiling 19. My family loves this house. It ……….the family home ever since my grandfather built it 60 years ago. A. was B. has been C. is D. will be 20. I know you feel bad now, Tommy, but try to put it out of your mind. By the time you’re an adult, you …………. all about it. A. forget B. will have forgotten C. will forget D. forgot 21. The little girl started to cry. She ……….. her doll, and no one was able to find it for her. A. has lost B. had lost C. was losing D. was lost 22. I..................much of you lately. We..........................three months ago A. haven’t seen- last meet B. didn’t see- met C. haven’t seen- have meet D. didn’t see- have met 23. The Chinese................spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo................back to Italy A. made- brought B. have made- brought C. made- had brought D. had been making- brought 24. When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker.................speaking and the audience................... A. just finished- were clapping C. had just finished- were clapping B. had just finished- had clapped D. just finished- had clapped 25. He.............................his job last month and then he..................out of work A. lost- was B. was lost- had been C. has lost- was D. lost- has been 26. Jane’s eyes burned and her shoulders ached. She ……………. at the computer for five straight hours. Finally, she took a break. A. is sitting B. has been sitting C. was sitting D. had been sitting 27. In the last hundred years, travelling.......................much easier and more comfortable A. become B. has become C. became D. will became th 28. In the 19 century, it.............two or three months to across North America by covered wagon A. took B. had taken C. had been taken D. was taking 29. Sam..............to change a light bulb when he................and......................... A. was trying -slipped- fell B. tried- was slipping- falling C. had been trying- slipped- was falling D. has tried- slips- falls 30. In the past, the trip...................very rough and often dangerous, but things..........a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years A. was- have changed B. is- change C. had been- will change D. has been- changed EXERCISES B Exercise 3: Choose the best answer: 1. When I got home I found that water...............................down the kitchen walls A. ran B. was running C. has run D. had been running 2. After he.......................his English course, he went to England to continue his study A. has finish B. had finished C. was finished D. would finish 3. How.........................since we .....................college? A. are you- left B. were you- left C. have you been- have left D. have you been- left 4. I..................much of you lately. We..........................three months ago A. haven’t seen- last met B. didn’t see- met C. haven’t seen- have meet D. didn’t see- have met 5. The Chinese.......................spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo.................back to Italy A. made- brought B. have made- brought C. made- had brought D. had been making- brought 6. When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker.................speaking and the audience................... A. just finished- were clapping B. had just finished- had clapped C. had just finished- were clapping D. just finished- had clapped 7. He.............................his job last month and then he..................out of work A. lost- was B. was lost- had been C. has lost- was D. lost- has been 8. In the last hundred years, travelling.......................much easier and more comfortable A. become B. has become C. became D. will became 9. In the 19th century, it.............two or three months to across North America by covered wagon A. took B. had taken C. had been taken D. was taking 10. In the past, the trip...................very rough and often dangerous, but things..........a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years A. was- have changed B. is- change C. had been- will change D. has been- changed Exercise 4: Choose the best answer: 1. John …………tennis once or twice a week . A. usually B. is usually playing C. usually plays D. have usually played 2. It was noisy next door . Our neighbors ………………….a party . A. had B. were having C. had had D. have had 3. It …………dark . Shall I turn on the light ? A. is getting B. get C. got D. has got 4. Tom: ‘I ………………..for Christine . Do you know where she is ?’ David: ‘She has gone out.’ A. look B. looked C. am looking D. looks 5. Nga: ‘What were you doing at 7 o’clock yesterday evening?’ Huong: ‘I …………………….my clothes.’ A. am ironing B. have ironed C. ironed D. was ironing 6. Cavin:“Are you ready , Ann ?” Ann: “ Yes , I …………………………….” A. am coming B. come C. came D. have came 7. Why ……………….at me like that ? What’s the matter ? A. do you look B. have you looked C. did you look D. are you looking 8. I …………along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me . A. was walking B. am walking C. walk D. walked 9. She ……………….German for two years . A. has learnt B. is learning C. learn D. learns 10. The earth ……………….round the Sun . A. go B. went C. goes D. has gone 11. I come from Canada . Where ……………you ……….from ? A. do – come B. did – come C. are – coming D. have come 12. When I last ………………Jane , she ……………..to find a job . A. see – trying B. saw – was trying C. have seen – tried D. saw – tried 13. ………………….you go to the dentist ? A. How often are B. How often do C. How often does D. How are 14. Ann ………………tea very often. A. doesn’t drink B. don’t drink C. didn’t drink D. hasn’t drunken 15. It’s a nice day . I ……………we go out for a walk A. suggested B. suggest C. is suggesting D. are suggesting 16. Now I …………….for what I said about you . It wasn’t true and shouldn’t have said it. A. do apologize B. apologized C. was apologized D. apologizing 17. Tim was tired . He ……………..hard all day. A. has been studying B. studies C. studied D. had been studying 18. Bad driving often ………………….many accidents. A. caused B. cause C. causes D. has caused 19. The Olympic Games …………………every four years A. take place B. takes place C. took place D. is taking place 20. What time ……………..the banks close in Britain ? A. do B. does C. did D. can 21. Look ! That man ……………………..to open the door of your car . A. try B. tried C. is trying D. has tried 22. When I was young , I …………..to be a singer . A. want B. was wanting C. wanted D. had wanted 23. I ……………lots about the job so far . A. have learnt B. am learning C. had learnt D. learn 24. I ………..here at the end of the month . A. will leave B. would leave C. would have left D. is leaving 25. I hope every thing …………………fine A. is B. would be C. was D. will be 26. I …………….my son the money for that last week . A. gave B. given C. have given D. was given 27. Yesterday I passed by Peter’s house , but the front door was closed . He …………….out A. went B. must have gone C. has gone D. had gone 28. Where ……………you at 9.00 last night , Mr Green ? A. have been B. were C. will be D. are 29. I …………the dishwasher on when heard the shot . A. am turning B. was turned C. was turning D. turned 30. There was a time when watching T.V really …………………family entertainment . A. were B. was C. had been D. is 31. Daniel ……………..the bus . It doesn’t run on Sundays . A. did not catch B. have not caught C. had not caught D. couldn’t have caught 32. We didn’t play well . We ……………..better . A. should have played B. should play C. have played D. have been playing 33. I think you ……………….pay to park here . I’ll just go and read that notice . A.will B. would C. must D. can 34. I think you should have that coat ……………….soon . A. cleaned B. being cleaned C. cleaning D. to clean 35. I’m feeling sick . I ………………so much chocolate last night . A. needn’t to eat B. did not eat C. mustn’t eat D. shouldn’t have eaten 36. I’m going on holiday on Saturday . This time next week I ……….on a beach in the sea . A. will lie B. am lying C. will be lying D. should be lying 37. Tomorrow I ……………..my grandparents . A. am going to visit B. will have visited C. have visited D. visit 38. When their first child was born , they ……….married for three years . A. have been B. had been C. will be D. will have been 39. She ………………very angry when she knows this . A. shall be B. has been C. will have been D. will be 40. We …………a party last Saturday . It was great – we invited lots of people . A. have B. have had C. had D. had had 41. I was sad when I sold my car . I ……….….it for a very long time . A. am running ` B. were running C. had been running D. have been running 42. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey . We …….for more than 24 hours . A.had been traveling B. were traveling C. have traveled D. traveled 43. The house was very quiet when I got home . Everybody ………………straight to bed . A.had gone B. have gone C. went D. go 44. The man sitting next to me on the plane was nervous because he ………………..before . A. hasn’t flown B. didn’t fly C. hadn’t flown D. wasn’t flying 45. ……………a car when they were living in London ? A. Have they B. Did they have C. Were they having D. Have they had 46. The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody ……………………… A. manages to escape B. managed to escape C. was escaping D. can escape 47. There ‘s plenty of time . You ……………………hurry . A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. have not to D. won’t 48. A few days ago , I ………that Jane …………………for New York . A. learn – had left B. learned – had left C. learned – has left D. learn – will leave 49. Tom writes very quickly . He’s …………………finished his essays . A. already B. been C. for D. yet 50. How …………have you known each other ? A. already B. for C. long D. since 51. He has been selling motorcycles …………………………. A. ten years ago B. since ten years C. for last ten years D. for ten years 52. He fell down when he ……..towards the church . A. run B. runs C. was running D. were running 53. Sorry , I can’t stop now . I …………..to an important appointment A. go B. am going C. have gone D. was going 54. They ……..serving meals by the time we get to the restaurant . A. will stop B. stopped C. are stopping D. will have stopped 55. Mark was listening to music while his sister …………….a book . A. read B. reads C. is reading D. was reading 56. You …………..here for my party , won’t you ? A. shall be B. won’t be C. will be D. are going to be 57. Can you borrow your bike on Monday ? – I’m sorry , but ……………………it A. I’ll be using B. used C. use D. have used 58. There’s no more apples . We …………………..them all . A. had eaten B. ate C. eat D. have eaten 59. She ……………music all day . Now she feels tired . A. has been playing B. is playing C. played D. plays 60. After he ……………the house , he wrote a letter . A. cleans B. was cleaning C. had cleaned D. has cleaned 61. The books , an English dictionary and a chemistry text , …………on the shelf yesterday. A. was B. were C. is D. are 62. There …………..ten people in line already when we arrived . A. were B. was C. is D. are 63. Either of these buses ……………….past the university . A. go B. have gone C. gone D. goes 64. Neither Canada nor Mexico ……………..that citizens of the United States have passports . A. requires B. require C. requiring D. to require 65. The staff ……………in the conference room at the moment . A. are meeting B. were meeting C. meet D. is meeting 66. Mathematics ……………….very interesting to me . A. are B. have been C. were D. is 67. I ……………..to New York three times this year . A. have been B. were C. has been D. was 68. Diana is a wonderful tennis player . She ……….……since she was at high school . A. has been practising B. is practising C. has been practised D. was practised 69. This is the most difficult class ……………….. A.I’ve never taken B. I’m ever taking C. I used to take ever since D. I’ve ever taken 70. By the end of next year, Mr Park …………for this company for 35 years . A. will work B. will have worked C. will be working D. has worked I don’t care whether ……………….. or not. A. his coming B. he comes C. does he come D. will he come 72. She listened so attentively that not a word ……………….. A. she missed B. she did miss C. she didn’t miss D. did she miss 73. Helen and Tom _____ each other since they were seven years old. A. know B. has known C. have known D. knew 74. Harry works all the time. He ________. A. never relaxes B. relaxes never C. often relaxes D. relaxes sometimes 75. The last time I _______ swimming was when we were in Spain. A. has gone B. went C. had gone D. goes 76. How old was Catherine when she ______ to France?. A. migrated B. migrate C. migrates D. has migrated 77. A: I hope to write my autobiography before I ___. Do you think anyone would read it ? B: Certainly! A. died B. die C. have died D. had died 78. While I …………..TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor A. was watching B. watched C. watch D. am watching 79. It ____________ him three months to be able to run a mile a year ago. A. takes B. take C. took D. to take 80. World War II ________ out in 1939. A. break B. will break C. broke D. have broken Exercise 5 :Choose the underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make sentence correct : 81. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner. A. returned B. to her house C. from work D. was cooking 82. Debbie, whose father is an excellent tennis player, has been playing tennis since ten years. A.whose father B.player C. has been D.since 83. Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it. A. worn B.new yellow C. only once D. buys 84.I have seen lots of interesting places when I went on holiday last summer. A. have seen B. lots C. interesting D. went 85. When my cat heard a noise in the bushes, she stopped moving and listens intently. A.heard B.moving C.listens D. intently 86. The police arrested the man while he is having dinner in a restaurant. A.The police B.while C. is having D.in 87. Peter and Wendy first met in 2006, and they are married for three years now. A.first B. in 2006 C. are D. now 88. The boss laughed when the secretary has told him that she really needed a pay rise. A.has told B. really C.needed D.pay 89. While I’m shopping in the supermarket, I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t met for five years. A.I’m shopping B. into an old friend C. hadn’t met D. for five years 90. Last week Mark told me that got very bored with his present job and is looking for a new one. A.told B. got C. is looking D. new one. MỘT VÀI CẤU TRÚC BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU CỦA THÌ 1. S + V (present perfect) … + time It is + time … + since + S + V2/ed Ex: I haven’t seen my father for one month. It is one month since I last saw my father. 2.. S + have / has not + V 3/ed It is the first time + S + have / has + V 3/ed Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before. It’s the first time I have seen that man here. 3. S + have / has not + V 3/ed … since (for) S + last + V (past) … when … The last time + clause + was … Ex: I haven’t heard him since August. The last time I heard him was in August. I haven’t seen him since I was a student. I last saw him when I was a student. Choose the sentence A, B, C or D nearest in meaning to the one in italic. 91. Mr. Brown was last seen in July 1928. A. Mr. Brown has not been able to see since July 1928. B. No one has seen Mr. Brown since July 1928. C. Mr. Brown didn’t see anyone in July 1928. D. No one saw Mr. Brown until July 1928. 92. When the power failed, we went to a restaurant for dinner. A. We had dinner at a restaurant because of a power cut. B. The power failed just as we were going out for dinner. C. We were having dinner at a restaurant when the power failed. D. There was going to be a power cut, so we went out for dinner. 93. She told me she had to be home by ten o’clock A. She told me she had to be home by ten o’clock. B.She said me it was necessary for her to get home before ten o’clock. C.She told me that she would be going home at ten o’clock. D.She said that she usually reached her home before ten o’clock. 94. She hasn’t seen her family for years. A. She didn’t see her family for a long time. B. It’s the last time she saw her family years ago. C. It’s years ago she has seen her family. D. It’s years since she last saw her family. 95. Could you tell me her address? A. Do you know what is her address? B. You know what is her address? C. Do you know what her address is? D. Did you know what her address was? 96. When did you begin to work here? A. How long did you work here? B. How long did you begin working here? C. How long are you working here? D. How long have you been working here? 97. I haven’t seen my aunt for years. A. I haven’t met my aunt for long ago. B. The last time I met my aunt since years ago. C. I last saw my aunt years ago. D. I didn’t see my aunt years ago. 98. She started work three months ago. A. It is three months since she started work. B. She had been working for three months. C. She is working here for three months now. D. It’s three months that she worked for. 99. My career as a teacher began 15 years ago. A. I have been a teacher for 15 years now. B. I was a teacher for 15 years. C. For 15 years have I been a teacher. D. I have started teaching for15 years now. 100. It has always been my ambition to become a famous artist. A. I wanted to become a famous artist. B. Always in my life do I want to become a famous artist. C. I have always dreamt of becoming a famous artist. D. Dreaming of becoming a famous artist, I always have that ambition. VERB FORMS  Để dễ nhớ, ta chia hình thức động từ loại động từ : + Bare infinitive(động từ nguyên mẫu không To) ---->Vo + To infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu có To) ----> V1 + Simple past( qúa khứ đơn) ----> V2 Vo-ED/ V2 + Past participle: qúa khứ phân từ : V3/ Vo-ED ---> V3 + Present participle Hiện tại phân tư :Vo+ing ---> V4 ( chức năng như tính từ hay dùng trong thì tiếp diễn + Gerund Danh động từ:(Vo+ing) (chức năng như danh từ hoặc động từ)----> V4 * Động từ chia theo ý nghĩa có động từ đặc biệt và động từ thường, chia theo dạng có 3 dạng chính như sau: Bare infinitive (V0) Infinitive : To infinitive (V1) Gerund (V0 + ing ) Past Participle  Vo ed/V3 ( V3 ) Participle : Present Participle - Vo + ing(V4 ) I. Bare infinitive : (bare) động từ nguyên mẫu khơng to 1. Sau modal verb ( động từ khiếm khuyết ) 2. Sau auxilary verb : do, does, did. 3. Sau make, let, help ( sau help có thể có To inf ). Passive voice  dùng to inf theo sau. Trừ let 4. Sau động từ chỉ giác quan:(verbs of perception ) : see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice … Vo ( bare )  hành động đã xong S + V + object Vo ( ing )  hành động đang diễn ra 5. Sau had better ( tốt hơn ) would rather ( thà thì hơn ), had sooner. 6. Sau thành ngữ : to do nothing but + Vo ( bare ) : không làm gì cả mà chỉ. Can not but + Vo(bare): không còn cách nào khác. 7. Causative form (Thể sai khiến): S + have + object ( chỉ người ) + Vo (bare). 8. Simple present tense : I, you, we, they +Vo (bare). 9. Bắt đầu câu mệnh lệnh: ( imprative ) II. To infinitive (V1) động từ nguyên mẫu cĩ To) 1. Làm subject  V(sing) (review formal subject) 2. Làm object of verb : S + V + to inf (as an object ) 3. Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ ( object complement ) ; S + V + obj + to infinitive 4. Làm adjective  rút gọn adjective clause ( relative clause ) đứng sau danh từ  reduce relative clause. 5. Làm adverb  rút gọn : adverbbial clause of result : đứng sau adj Rút gọn: adverbial clause of purpose: chỉ mục đích 5a. Rút gọn clause of result theo công thức sau ( phrase of result ) S + V + too adj/adv ( for object )+ to inf S + V + adj/adv enough (for object )+to inf review how to 5b. Rút gọn : clause of purpose theo mẫu sau ( phrase of purpose ) to inf S+V+ in order for object to inf so as to inf 6. It + take+ (object) + time + to inf 7. Causative form: S+ get + object ( chỉ người ) + to inf 8. Sau một số động từ sau đây: 8.a Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là to infinitive : S + V + to inf 1. afford : cung cấp đủ 21. manage : xoay xở 2. agree : đồng ý 22. mean : muốn 3. appear : có vẻ 23. need : cần ( chủ động, người ) 4. arrange : sắp xếp 24. offer : mời 5. ask : hỏi 25. plan : dự định, kế hoạch 6. attempt : cố gắng 26. prepare 7. beg : đề nghị, xin 27. pretend : giả vờ 8. care : quan tâm 28. promise : hứa 9. claim : cho là, tuyên bố 29. refuse : từ chối 10. consent : đồng ý, tán thành 30. regret : tiếc ( tương lai ) 11. decide : quyết định 31. remember : nhớ (tương lai ) 12. demand : yêu cầu 32. seem : dường như 13. deserve : xứng đáng 33. struggle : đấu tranh, cố gắng 14. expect : trông đợi 34. swear : thề 15. dare : dám 35. threaten : dọa 16. fail : thất bại 36. tend : có khuynh hướng 17. forget : quên ( tương lai ) 37. volunteer : tình nguyện, xung phong 18. hesitate : ngập ngừng 38. wait : đợi 19. hope : hy vọng 39. want : muốn ( chủ động ) 20. learn : học 40. wish : ao ước : chuẩn bị 8.b Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là Obj + to inf: S + V + objective + to inf 1. advise : khuyên 23. require : yêu cầu 2. allow: cho phép 24. recommend : khuyên 3. ask : hỏi, đòi hỏi 25. teach : dạy 4. beg : năn nỉ, xin 26. tell : bảo 5. cause : gây ra 27. urge : thúc giục, thuyết phục 6. challenge : thách thức, thách đố 28. want : muốn 7. convince : thuyết phục 29. warn : cảnh báo 8. dare : dám 30. help : giúp đỡ 9. encourage :khuyến khích 31. would like : thích 10. expect : trông đợi 32. would prefer : thích 11. forbid : cấm 33. appoint : chỉ định ai làm gì 12. force : bắt buộc 34. charge : giao nhiệm vụ 13. hire : thuê, mướn 35. choose : lựa chọn 14. instruct : chỉ dẫn 36. compel : cưỡng bách 15. invite : mời 37. defy : thách 16. need : cần 38. desire : ao ước, thèm thuồng 17. tempt : cám dỗ 39. direct : hướng dẫn, chỉ huy 18. intend : dự định 40. implore : yêu cầu 19. order : ra lệnh 41. provoke : xúi giục 20. permit : cho phép 21. persuade : thuyết phục 22. remind : nhắc lại 42. Teach, explain, know, understand, discover, consider, think, believe + how + to inf :Chỉ cách thức III. Gerund : Danh động từ A. Gerund as a noun ( subj , obj, complement & appositive) 1. Làm chủ ngữ  V(sing)  ( real subject & informal subject ). 2. Làm tân ngữ Object of verb : S + V + V- ing ( gerund ). Object of preposition  sau preposition + V-ing. . Làm subject complement: Ex: My hobby is swimming ( gerund ) 4. Làm appositive (ngữ đồng vị ) Ex: My hobby, swimming makes me healthy. 5. Đứng sau thành ngữ : it is no use, it is no good : there is no use, there is no good: vô ích can’t stand / bear / help : không thể chịu được 6. Sau hai tính từ : busy, worth 7. Thành lập noun compound ( danh từ kép ) N + gerund child bearing Gerund + N  flying machine B. Gerund as a verb : có object hoặc được bổ nghĩa bởi một trạng từ 1. admit : thừa nhận 26. hate : ghét 2. advise : khuyên ( không object ) 27. mention : nhắc tới, nĩi tới 3. anticipate : tham gia 28. mind : phiền 4. appreciate : đánh giá cao 29. miss : nhớ, lỡ, mất 5. avoid : tránh 30. postpone : đình, hõan. 6. complete : hòan thành 31. prevent : ngăn cản 7. consider : xem xét 32. practise : luyện tập 8. delay : trì hõan 33. recall : gợi lại, nhớ lại. 9. dread : sợ 34. recollect : gợi lại. 10. detest : ghét 35. recommend : khuyên, dặn dò. 11. discuss : thảo luận 36. regret 12. dislike : không thích 37. remember : nhớ ( qúa khứ ) 13. deny : từ chối 38. resent : tức giận, phật ý. 14. enjoy : thưởng thức 39. resist : cưỡng lại, phản kháng. 15. excuse : xin lỗi 40. risk : liều lĩnh. 16. finish : hòan thành 41. stop : ngừng, từ bỏ. 17. forget : quên ( qúa khứ ) 42. start : ( hoặc To inf ) 18. forgive : tha thứ 43. suggest : đề nghị 19. fancy : tưởng tượng 44. tolerate : bỏ qua 20. imagine : tưởng tượng 45. understand : hiểu 21. involve : làm liên lụy 46. restrict : hạn chế, giảm bớt, ngăn ngừa. 22. include : bao gồm * can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t help 23. keep : tiếp tục * it is no use, it is no good, there is no use . 24. love : ( hoặc To inf) * look forward to 25. like : thích * busy, worth : tiếc nuối ( quá khứ ) IV. Past participle : qúa khứ phân từ – VoED/V3 1. Thêm trợ từ have+Vo-ED/V3 ( past participle ) perfect tense 2.Thêm trợ từ Be +VoED/V3(past participle) passive voice 3. Làm chức năng như adjective  passive meaning  cĩ thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause ) + Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. + Có thể rút gọn câu khi một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hành động. 4. Thành lập adjective compound: tính từ kép  man – made N Adj Adv + V ( PP – VoED/V3 )  new – born  well – known 6. Thêm “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp  V(plural ) educated(adj) the educated:những người có giáo dục. 7. Thành lập causative form : thể truyền khuyến S +have/get +object (chỉ vật)+ V ( PP – Vo ED/V3 ) V. Present participle ( Vo + ing) hiện tại phân từ. 1. Thêm trợ từ Be + Vo-ing để thành lập thì continuous tense. 2. Làm tính từ  mang nghĩa chủ động ( active meaning )  có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause )  có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nhượng bộ, lý do và điều kiện .  một chủ ngữ thực hiện 2 hành động có thể dùng present participle để rút gọn. 3. Thêm mạo từ “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp : Ex: to live  the living : những người đang sống. 4. Thành lập tính từ kép ( adjective compound ).  peace – loving N Adj  good – loking Vo + ing  hard - working Adv VI. Vo + ing or to infinitive 1. Recommend, begin, start, continue + To inf /Vo – ing +to inf  chỉ tương lai 2. Forget, remember, regret: +Vo – ing  chỉ quá khứ 3. Stop to infinitive  ngừng việc đang làm để làm việc khác. Vo – ing :  ngừng việc đang làm 4. Try to infinitive : cố gắng Vo – ing : thử 5. Need, want, require To inf : mang nghĩa chủ động Vo+ ing : mang nghĩa bị động (need: tobe + V (PP) 6. Would you mind + Vo- ing? Would you mind if + S + past Subjunctive …? 7. Advise, allow, permit obj + to infi  + Vo- ing 8. Prefer: + V-ing to V-ing:thích cái gì hơn cái gì + to infinitive: thích cái gì đó 9. Feel like + Vo ing: thích cái gì đó Gerund , infinitive, participle Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund , infinitive, participle). 1. I caught him (climb) _____ over my wall. I asked him (explain) _____ but he refused (say) _____ anything, so in the end I had (let) _____ him (go) _____. 2. When at last I succeeded in (convince) _____ him that I wanted (get) _____ home quickly he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap) _____ forward. 3. I'm not used to (drive) _____on the left. When you see everyone else (do)____ it you'll find it quite easy (do) _____yourself. 4. It is pleasant (sit) _____by the fire at night and (hear) _____the wind (howl) _____outside. 5. There was no way of (get) _____out of the building except by (climb) _____down a rope and Ann was too terrified (do) _____this. 6. We heard the engines (roar) _____as the plane began (move) _____ and we saw the people on the ground (wave) _____good-bye. 7. It's no good (write) _____ to him; he never answers letters. The only thing (do) _____ is (go)_____ and (see) _____him. 8. Why did you go all round the field instead of (walk) _____ across it? I didn't like (cross) _____it because of the bull. I never see a bull without (think) _____that it wants (chase) _____ me. 9. The people in the flat below seem (be) _____ having a party. You can hear the champagne corks (thud)_____ against their ceiling. 10. I don't like (get) _____bills but when I do get them I like (pay) _____them promptly. 11. Ask him (come) _____in. Don't keep him (stand) _____at the door. 12. The boys next door used (like) _____(make) _____ and (fly) _____ model aero planes, but they seem to have stopped (do) _____ that now. 13. I knew I wasn't the first (arrive)_____, for I saw smoke (rise) _____from the chimney. 14. We watched the men (saw) _____the tree and as we were walking away heard it (fall) _____with a tremendous crash. 15. I hate (see) _____a child (cry) _____. 16. We watched the children (jump) _____from a window and (fall) _____into a blanket held by the people below. 17. It is very unpleasant (wake) _____ up and (hear) _____ the rain (beat) _____on the windows. 18. He saw the lorry (begin) _____ (roll) _____ forwards but he was too far away (do) _____ anything (stop) _____it. 19. There are people who can't help (laugh) _____when they see someone (slip) _____on a banana skin. 20. I prefer (drive) _____ to (be driven) _____. Exercise 2. Multiple choices 1. All the passengers were made ________ their seat belts during the turbulence. A. buckle B. to buckle C. buckling D. for buckling. 2. ________ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream. A. Make B. Making C. To make D. For make 3. I got my friend ________ her car for the weekend. A. to let me to borrow B. to let me borrow C. let me borrow D. let me to borrow 4. How can you let such a silly incident ________ your friendship? A. wreck B. to wreck C wrecking 5. ‘How about going to the theater?' 'OK,' but I would rather ______ a concert.' D. that wrecks A. attend B. to attend C. attending D. have attended 6. The skiers would rather ________ through the mountains than go by bus. A. to travel on train B. traveled by train C. travel by train D. traveling by the train 7. If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop ___ lunch. A. having B. to have C. having had D. for having 8. The examiner made us ___ our identification in order to be admitted to the test center. A. show B. showing C. to show D. showed 9. As we entered the room, we saw a rat ________ towards a hole in the skirting board. A. scamper B. to scamper C. scampering D. was scampering 10. I remember ________ to Paris when I was a very small child. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking C. allow me going D. allow to go 11. My parents wouldn't _______ to the party. A. allow me go B. allow me to go 12. We are going to have my house _______ tomorrow morning. A.paint Bpainting C. painted D. to be painted 13. We hope that the students themselves will enjoy ______ part in the projects. A. to take B. taking C. to be taken D. being taken 14. Sally's low test scores kept her from _______ to the university. A. admitting B. to admit C. to be admitted D. being admitted 15. Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall _______ about it. A. having told B. to have told C. having been told D. to have been told 16. I meant to get up early but I forgot _______ up my alarm clock. A. wind B. to wind C. wind D. wound 17. Look at the state of the gate. It needs ________ as soon as possible. A. to repair B. repairing C. being repaired D. be repaired C. to ask D. to be asked 18. Alice didn't expect ________ to Bill's party. A. asking B. being asked 19. We asked ________ the piano so early in the morning, but she won't. A. Marie to stop playing B. Marie stop to play C. that Marie stops playing D. Marie to stop to play 20. A good teacher makes her students ________ the world from new perspectives. A. to view B. view C. to be viewed D. viewing Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb. 1. The thief threatened (kill) ____to kill______us if we phoned the police. 2. She offered (help) ___to help_______me to clean the house. 3. They attempted (win) ___to win_______the prize. 4. There was a lot of traffic but we managed (go) ___to go_______to the airport in time 5. 6. He wanted (see) _________to see____________the house where the president was born. I would like him (go) __to go_________ to a university but I can’t (make) ___make_____ him go. 7. 8. 9. 10. He is learning (play) ___to play_______piano. She asked me (give) ____to give______her my book. She lets her children (sleep) _____sleep________________on the floor. You had better (go) ________go_____________to bed early. Exercise 4: 1. My mother was afraid to let the boy _____ the tree. A. to risk climbing B. to risk to climb C. risk climbing 1. You had better _____ at home until you feel better. A. stay B. to stay C. staying 2. Peter usually helps his mother ______. A. to do housework B. do housework C. with housework 3. She used that money _____ a new car. A. buy B. buying C. to buy 4. Can you manage_____ ______ the report in the morning? A. finishing / to write B. to finish / writing C. finishing / writing 5. Rex hotel was the best place for us _____. A. stays B. staying C. to stay 6. You can’t stop me from _____ what I want. A. doing B. do C. to do 7. I must go now. I promise _______ late. A. not being B. not to be C. to not be 8. Do you want ______ with you or do you want to go alone? A. me coming B. me to come C. that I will come 9. Suddenly he stopped the car in order ______. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking .11. I hate _______ personal questions by newly-acquainted friends. A. to be asking B. to be asked C. being asking 12. Japanese _______ at the meeting. A. will speak B. will spoken C. will be spoken Exercise 5: Find the mistake 1. You had better learning a foreign language before applying for a job. A B C D 2. Gets the bad news from her parents, Lan immediately burst into tears. A B C D 3. It is very difficult for us to preventing forest fires during the drought. A B C D 4. I noticed the boy to creep into the house through a hole at the foot of the wall. A B C D 5. Faraday’s father was not rich enough to sending him to school. A B C D 6. Would you please tell me how doing this? A B C D 7. My parents never let me going out in the evening. A B C D Exercise 6: Choose the best answer 1. It was late, so we decided ______ a taxi home. A. to take B. taken C. taking 2. Simon was in a difficult situation, so I agreed _______ him some money. A. lend B. lending C. to lend D. risk to climb D. stayed D. all are correct D. for buying D. to finish / to write D. stay D. that I do D. I won’t be D. that I come D. has smoked D. of asking D. will be speaking D. was taken D. lender