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Tài liệu Skkn some effective ways in teaching writing-grade 12

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Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 SOME EFFECTIVE WAYS IN TEACHING WRITING-GRADE 12 PART A: REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE RESEARCH In learning English, writing is considered one of the most difficult skills learners are expected to master. When students write English for a genuine purpose, they need to write more than good sentences; they need to write a whole text that will convey what they mean successfully. Since writing is a productive skill, it is not easy for teachers to teach and for students to master. It is the fact high school students are very weak at writing. Most of the students not only have limitation of English vocabulary and grammar but lack ideas and social knowledge to write. With the hope that teachers can help their students to write better, I suggest some appropriate teaching strategies and useful activities . I hope that the topic "Some effective ways in teaching Writing" of Grade 12 – will be interesting in order to attract students' excitement during writing periods. That is the reason why I choose the topic. PART B: REAL SITUATION BEFORE THESE SOLUTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT 1. Advantageous conditions - High school students have learnt how to build a paragraph, how to make outlines, how to organize ideas etc. in their Vietnamese Literature classes. - English is one of core subjects, which are compulsory in GCSE. This will encourage students to spend more time learning and practising English. 2. Difficulties - Most of high school students are lack of language knowledge such as grammar, vocabulary and structures. Besides, they do not have writing techniques. Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 1 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 They don’t know how to begin, make an outline, provide evidence to support or develop the point of view. - For many students writing is probably the most boring but the least important of the four skills, so they lack motivation to write. - Teachers do not have enough time to correct students’ writing work in class. PART C: CONTENTS Let’s have a look at the national curriculum. High school students are required to write letters both in formal and informal style. They are also asked to write some kinds of paragraphs including narration, exposition and description of some kinds. Syllabus overview English 12 Unit 1 3 Topic Homelife Ways of socialising Writing Writing about family rules Building sentences based on given words Reordering given sentences to make complete School education system Higher education Future jobs Life in the future Endangered species paragraph Describing school education system in Vietnam Writing a letter of request Writing a formal letter of job application Describing the world you would like to live Writing about measures to protect endangered 11 12 13 14 Books Water sports The 22nd SEA GAMES International species and possible results Describing a book Giving instructions Describing a sporting event Writing a short description of an international 15 16 organizations Women in society The Association of organization Describing a chart Writing a letter of recommendation 4 5 6 8 10 Southeast Asian Nations Writing seems to be a challenge to both teachers and students. Identifying approaches in teaching writing can help teachers find out effective techniques to Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 2 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 overcome difficulties in teaching, therefore help students improve writing skill. To implement effective writing lessons, I have conducted the following stages: - Warm-up - Pre- writing - While- writing - Post- writing I. WARM-UP Most classes should start with a “warm-up” activity to help the students relax and increase their motivation in the lessons. The warm-up is often a game, listening to songs, watching a video clip, etc… just to start things on a “fun and relaxed” level.  CHARADES GAME: - Students work in small groups of 6. - Teacher asks the students to think of one thing they are allowed or not allowed to do at school and write it on a piece of paper. - Representatives take turn to act out thing they are allowed or not allowed to do at school with gesture (without speaking or writing).The others in the class try to guess what thing it is. - Each correct answer gets 1 point.  Unit 1: HOMELIFE – Part D: Writing Ex: We are not allowed to smoke. Illustration (CD included) - Teacher leads to the new lesson: Today, you will write about your home rule: What you are allowed to do, what you aren’t permitted to do.  CUT-UP SENTENCE KABADI GAME Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 3 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 - Teacher prepares some cut up sentences and places them on a table at the front of the class. - Teacher arranges the students into two teams, standing behind a line or marker. - The students have to run to the table and arrange the words into correct sentences. - They are not allowed to breathe in. To prevent this the students have to repeat “kabadi” over and over. If they stop saying the word they have to return to their teams. - The first team to arrange all their sentences correctly is the winner.  Unit 3: WAYS OF SOCIALIZING – Part D: Writing Ex: an expression / for something/ An apology is/ of remorse/ wrong / you've done . Expected sentence: An apology is an expression of remorse for something you've done wrong. - Teacher leads to the new lesson: Today, you will practise building sentences based on the given words and putting jumbled sentences into correct order.  QUICK THINKERS GAME - Teacher chooses two volunteers. - Teacher reads the questions and asks the two volunteers to write the answers on board. - The winner will be the quickest.  Unit 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM – Part D: Writing Ex: 1. Write the name of your school. 2. The age when you started to go to school. Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 4 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 3. Write 3 core subjects. 4. Double your age and write the result. 5. Draw a big circle 6. Put a small square in the circle. 7. If it is Monday, write X; if not, write the letter X in the English alphabet. Expected answers: 1. Nguyen Huu Canh 2. 6 3. Maths, Literature, English 4. 34 5. 6. 7. x - Teacher leads to the new lesson: Today, you will write a paragraph about education system in Vietnam.  PICTURE GUESSING GAME - Teacher divides the class into 4 groups. - Teacher reads 4 clues, one by one about the picture and asks the students to guess what the picture is about. - The first group calls out the name wins the game.  Unit 5: HIGHER EDUCATION – Part D: Writing Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 5 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 Ex: - It’s one of the most famous universities in the world. - It was established in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. - Bill Gates used to study there. - It begins with letter H. - Teacher leads to the new lesson: Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the world. If you plan to continue your study at Harvard University, what will you do?  VIDEO CLIP WATCHING - Teacher asks the students to watch the clip. - The students answer the question: “What’s the clip about?”. - Teacher leads to the new lesson. Ex:  Unit 8: LIFE IN THE FUTURE – Part D: Writing Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 6 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12  Unit 6: FUTURE JOBS – Part D: Writing Illustration : (CD included) - Teacher leads to the new lesson: Today, you will write a paragraph about the world you imagine in the future.  MIMING GAME - Teacher gets one student to the board. The teacher gives him/her list of words. - The student uses actions to describe the words. He/she cannot speak or spell the word in the air. - The other students watch their classmate and try to guess the words.  Unit 13: THE 22ND SEA GAMES– Part D: Writing Ex: A student uses actions to describe some sports. He/she cannot speak or spell the word in the air. The other students watch their classmate and try to guess the words. Illustration : (CD included) - Teacher leads to the new lesson: + Which of the sports above you enjoy watching most? Expected answer: football + Do you ever watch a football match? Expected answer: yes - Teacher : Today, we’ll learn how to describe a football match.  TREASURE HUNT GAME - Students work in small groups of 6. - Teacher tells students to follow the given instructions to the treasure and collect the letters on the way. Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 7 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 - The first group to find out the treasure (the word) wins the game. Ex:  Unit 15: WOMEN IN SOCIETY– Part D: Writing (Describing a chart) The first letter is on the car. A H C T The second letter is next to the pine. O H I The third letter is under the dolphin. U A E The fourth letter is next to the rabbit. The last letter is on the left of the treasure chest. Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 8 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 E T Y Expected answer: Chart - Teacher leads to the new lesson: Today we will learn how to write a chart description. II. PRE- WRITING Pre- writing stage is the time for students to think and develop ideas about a topic. If students do not prepare well enough they cannot write well. The pre-writing stage lessens students’ anxiety and builds their confidence. Therefore, pre-writing is the most important part of the writing process. As we know, the nature of learning is moving from easy to more difficult things. Experience shows that in writing, the difficulties students face with come from their poverty of language resources. In other words, they lack ideas to write. If teachers do not guide them what to write, students would probably find it difficult and make many mistakes. However, it is very time-consuming for the teacher to correct their work paper by paper. Meanwhile, the best time of correcting work is correcting mistakes immediately in class rather than returning it the next day. To solve the problem, the students’ lack of ideas to write, I suggest some solutions. Step 1: A model is given. Step 2: Students work on the model, analyze its typical features, and pay attention to the language and structure of the model. Step 3: Students work in groups/ pairs to find out the ideas for the writing topic and produce an outline. Teacher gives out the checklist. And then students do their own writing based on the format, ideas, the outline and the checklist. Ex: Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 9 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12  Unit 5: HIGHER EDUCATION –Writing a letter of request. - Teacher asks students to read the model carefully and work out the format based on the model. 475 Le Thanh Ton St, District 1 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam September 15th, 2012 Mr Micheal Swazz - The University of Birmingham Edgbaston ,Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Dear Sir, I am interested in applying to an undergraduate course in Computer Science at the University of Birmingham in England so I am writing this letter to ask what the requirements are to be eligible for the course. I would be very grateful if you could send me information about tuition fee, accommodation and exams. Now I am in the last year of the high school and will finish secondary education in 9 months. And I have got 7.5 for the last IELTS test. Could you please send me information as soon as possible so that I can start the course next year? I look forward to hearing from you soon, Yours faithfully, Nguyen Nhi Expected format: Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 10 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 1. Heading - Writer’s address - Date of writing - Receiver’s address 2. Greeting 3. Body 4. Closing 5. Signature - Teacher has the students outline the required letter, teacher can supply language input. Expected outline of a request letter 1. Heading - Writer’s address - Date of writing - Receiver’s address 2. Greeting Dear + Sir or Madam, 3. Body a. Introduction b. Request c. Further information d. Conclusion 4. Closing Yours truly, / Yours faithfully, … 5. Signature: (full name) - Teacher can provide some useful expressions and the checklist. a. Introduction Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 11 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 - I am writing this letter to……………………………………………………………….. - I am writing to you because I need …………………………………………………… - I am interested in applying to a course in …………. at ……………..… university - I would like to apply ……………………………..……………………….…………… b. Request - I would be grateful if you would provide me information about …………………… - I wonder whether you could give me some information about …………………..… - I should be very grateful if you let me have the following information …………… - I should be very much obliged if you could let me have full details of …………… c. Further information - I have recently graduated ……………………… - I am in the last year of the ……………………… - I have a good command of English. - I believe that my academic background and language skills would help me……… d. Conclusion - I look forward to hearing from you - Would you please let me know as soon as possible whether … Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 12 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 Checklist  The letter has 5 parts.  Your address is at the top of the right hand side of the page.  Their address is on the left hand side of the page.  The date is on the right hand side of the page, underneath your address.  Paragraph to introduce yourself.  Paragraph to explain why you are writing.  Paragraph to say what you want them to do about it.  It begins and ends in appropriate ways. Ex: Dear Sir /Madam, => Yours faithfully, Dear Mr. Jones, => Yours sincerely,  All sentences begin with capital letters.  There is a punctuation mark at the end of each sentence.  All words are spelled correctly.  The verbs are in correct tenses. The signature column chart illustrates the average hours of housework per week  Your done by married women in comparison with married men. To couples without children, women are reported to spend 30 hours per  Unitdoing 15: WOMEN IN SOCIETY –Describing week housework whereas this number isa chart. only 20 hours for men. are quitetodifferent house. In families, -However, Teacherthings asks students read the when modelchildren carefullyenter and the work out the of one based or twoon children, men maintain approximately the same number of time format the model. doing housework as in childless households, but women’s number of time doing housework as in 50 per week because it takes them more time to take care of their children. With families that have three or more children, women have to work harder. They spend 55 hours a week doing housework while their husbands share with only 10. These numbers shows the unequal distribution of housework hours per week between the two sexes. Therefore, if women are to gain social quality, they should first be liberated from familial responsibilities. This can only be done if men lend a more helpful hand to women in doing domestic chores. Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 13 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 Expected format: I. Introduction (Introducing the topic) II. Body (giving details) - Topic sentence 1. - Supporting ideas . - Topic sentence 2. - Supporting ideas. … III. Conclusion - Giving opinion - Teacher has the students outline the description. Expected outline of a chart description I. Introduction (Introducing the topic) What the chart is about. II. Body (giving details) - Topic sentence 1. Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 14 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 It is clear from the chart that…. It is noticeable that…. As can be seen in the chart,…. - Supporting ideas. Giving numbers + comparison - Topic sentence 2. It is clear from the chart that…. It is noticeable that…. As can be seen in the chart,…. - Supporting ideas. Giving numbers + comparison …. III. Conclusion - Giving opinion. - Teacher can supply language input. + The chart represents/illustrates/shows…………. + The chart indicates the average hours of housework per week done by married women in comparison with married men. + It is clear from the chart that…. + It is noticeable that…. + As can be seen in the chart,…. - Teacher can provide the checklist. Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 15 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 Checklist  The description has 3 parts.  It has a general remark.  Topic sentence.  Supporting ideas for topic sentence.  Conjunction of contrast: while, whereas, however, on the contrary,.…  All sentences begin with capital letters.  There is a punctuation mark at the end of each sentence.  All words are spelled correctly.  The verbs are in correct tenses.  Unit 13: THE 22ND SEA GAMES –Describing a sport event. - Teacher asks students to read the model carefully and work out the format based on the model. Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 16 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 To celebrate the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union’s Foundation Day, our school’s sports club recently played a friendly football match with Nam Ha High school’s Football team. The match was held at 2.30 pm on 24th March on our school’s playground. The match took place in cool weather, which was good for both teams. From the beginning, two teams played very excitingly. In the 1st half, we always kept the ball away from our goal and led the ball towards our neighboring team. However, after 30 minutes, the opponents scored a goal. The goal was so fine that all of the audience jumped up and cheered. From then on, the match became more exciting. In the second half, our team played in greater determination. One of our excellent defenders, Hung, took the ball and passed it skillfully to our striker, Lam, who gave a final kick into the goal. The stadium was “broken” again in the shouts and the whistles of the spectators. It was one against one. The atmosphere at the stadium made the match became tenser and tenser. Both teams tried to win. Many good chances to make more scores were missed. Everyone had tried their best but no more score was given. The match ended in a draw but all of us were very happy. I felt very proud of my school’s football team. They had shown a wonderful way of playing, a sportsmanlike style-young, fair and impartial. Expected format: 1. Introduction 2. Details of the match 3. Conclusion Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 17 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 - Teacher has the students write the outline, teacher can supply language input. Expected outline 1. Introduction - Why the football match was held. - What teams took part in the match. - When and where the match took place. 2. Details of the match - The weather on that day.(cool, hot, warm,…) - How each team played.( excitingly, fair(ly), unfair(ly),…) - The spectator’s attitude.(excited, bored,…) - Who scored a goal.( make a goal against/ score a goal,..) 3. Conclusion - The result.(draw, gain victory over,…) - What you thought about the game.( boring, competitive, exciting,…) Useful expressions: + To celebrate the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union’s Foundation Day,… + To celebrate the Teachers’ Day,… + a friendly football match between …and … football team. + The match was held at … on … on ….. - Teacher can provide the checklist. Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 18 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 Checklist  The description has 3 parts.  There is the climax  The writer expresses his/her impression about the match.  Transitional words (First, next, then,and,….)  All sentences begin with capital letters.  There is a punctuation mark at the end of each sentence.  All words are spelled correctly.  The verbs are in past tenses. Teacher can also conduct an oral preparation. Teacher generates ideas by brainstorming, discussing and listing. Teacher uses ideas from the different groups. Students draft theirs writing thanks to the checklist and the format provided by teacher. Teacher can help students by giving a set of guiding questions. By answering these questions, students can write the paragraph required. Step 1: Generating ideas by brainstorming or discussing. Teacher provides language input if required so as not to prevent students from the production of ideas. Step 2: Students extend ideas into note form. Step 3: Students organize ideas and produce an outline. Teacher gives out the checklist. And then students do their own writing based on the format, ideas, the outline and the checklist. Ex:  Unit 1: HOMELIFE –Writing about family rule. - Teacher puts students in groups of 4. - Students discuss and complete the charts. At home, I have to… Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 19 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh Some effective ways in teaching writing – Grade12 I am not allowed… Expected answers: get up at 5:30 do the household chores. At home, I have to… prepare meals when my mother is out. scrub the toilet three times a week. to come home late after 9:30 p.m to go out with friends at night. I am not allowed… to listen to loud music after 9 p.m. to watch TV after 10 p.m. Expected format: Nguyen Huu Canh high school Van 20 Nguyen Ngoc Khanh
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