Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và đại học tiếng anh lớp 12 ( lý thuyết và bài tập)

MỤC LỤC Trang Phần một: Lý thuyết và bài tập: ............................................................................................. . Part 1: Phonetics. .............................................................................................. Part 2: Mẫu câu giao tiếp................................................................................... Part 3: Forms of Verb........................................................................................ Part 4: Subject and Verb Agreement................................................................. Part 5: Tag Questions. ...................................................................................... Part 6: Word Forms........................................................................................... Part 7: Verb Tenses. ......................................................................................... Part 8: Reported Speech. .................................................................................. Part 9: The Passive Voice.................................................................................. Part 10: The Conditional Sentences.................................................................. Part 11: Relative Clauses................................................................................... Part 12: Preposition and Articles. ..................................................................... Part 13: Conjuctions.......................................................................................... Part 14: Coparation of Adjectives and Adverbs. .............................................. Part 15: Phrasal Verbs. ..................................................................................... 1 1 2 5 10 14 16 24 30 39 46 51 58 67 69 74 USEFUL STRUCTURES: .................................................. 76 Phần hai: Một số đề luyện tập. ............................................................................................... Practice test 1: ............................................................................................... Practice test 2: ............................................................................................... Practice test 3: ............................................................................................... Practice test 4: ............................................................................................... Practice test 5: ............................................................................................... Phần ba: Một số đề thi và đề kiểm tra: .................................................................................. Đề kiểm tra giữa học kỳ I: ................................................................................ Đề kiểm tra học kỳ I: ....................................................................................... Đề kiểm tra giữa học kỳ II: .............................................................................. Đề kiểm tra học kỳ II: ...................................................................................... Đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT năm học 2014: ........................................................... 81 81 84 86 89 92 96 96 99 103 106 109 1 PART 1: PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM) CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều hoặc động từ số ít. /s / / iz / /z / - Khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants.: /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//,/h/ Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books... - Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, /t∫/, /∫/, /z/. - Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge Ex: washes , kisses , oranges….. - Không thuộc hai loại trên. Ex: bags , kids , days …  EXERCISE 1: 1. A. proofs 2. A. sees 3. A. tombs 4. A. books 5. A. cats 6. A. walks 7. A. shoots 8. A. helps 9. A. hours 10. A. beds 11. A. arms 12. A. boxes 13. A. relieves 14. A. dreams 15. A. resources 16. A. carriages 17. A. offers 18. A. miles 19. A. sports B. books B. sports B. lamps B. floors B. tapes B. begins B. grounds B. laughs B. fathers B. doors B. suits B. classes B. invents B. heals B. stages B. whistles B. mounts B. words B. households C. points C. pools C. brakes C. combs C. rides C. helps C. concentrates C. cooks C. dreams C. plays C. chairs C. potatoes C. buys C. kills C. preserves C. assures C. pollens C. accidents C. minds D. days D. trains D. invites D. drums D. cooks D. cuts D. forests D. finds D. thinks D. students D. boards D. finishes D. deals D. tasks D. focuses D. costumes D. swords D. names D. Plays CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle: /t/ / id / /d/ Ngoại lệ: - sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/, hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch Ex: asked; stopped; laughed... - sau / t/, /d/ .. Ex: wanted; decided - Trừ 2 trường hợp trên Ex: moved; played; - Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked,,...  EXERCISE 2: 1. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted 2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. A. kissed A. confused A. devoted A. catched A. agreed A. measured A. wounded A. imprisoned A. failed A. invited A removed A. looked A. wanted A. laughed A.believed A.lifted A. collected A. walked A.admired B. helped B. faced B. suggested B. crashed B. missed B. pleased B. routed B. pointed B. reached B. attended B. washed B. laughed B.parked B. passed B. prepared B. lasted B. changed B. entertained B. looked C. forced C. cried C. provided C. occupied C. liked C. distinguished C. wasted C. shouted C. absored C. celebrated C. hoped C. moved C. stopped C. suggested C. involved C. happened C. formed C. reached C. missed D. raised D. defined D. wished D. coughed D. watched D. managed D. risked D. surrounded D. solved D. díplayed D. missed D.stepped D.watched D. placed D. liked D. decided D. viewed D. looked D. hoped  BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. A. heat A. breakfast A. thrilling A. idea A. face A. Germany A. scholarship A. house A. hundred A. head A. choir A. charge A. reason A. motion A. gather A. change A. write A. share A. apply A. choice B. scream B. teacher B. other B. going B. place B. garden B. Christ B. harm B. exhausted B. ready B. cheap B. child B. clear B. question B. good B. children B. writer B. rare B. university B. achieve C. meat C. east C. through C. will C. prepared C. gate C. school C. hour C. however C. mean C. child C. teacher C. mean C. mention C. large C. machine C. writing C. are C. identity C. each D. dead D. please D. something D. trip D. days D. gas D. chicken D. husband D. heat D. weather D. chair D. champagne D. each D. fiction D. again D. church D. written D. declare D. early D. chemistry -------- 3 PART 2: MẪU CÂU GIAO TIẾP Câu 1: Peter: "How often do you go to school?" Harry: "______." A. I don’t think so B. I go there by bus C. I go there early D. Every day except Sunday Câu 2: Helen: "Where do you come from?" Ann: "______." A. Yes, I have just come here B. In London C. I come from London D. I’m living in London Câu 3: Tom: “How did you get here?” John: “______” A. I came here last night. B. The train is so crowded. C. Is it far from here? D. I came here by train. Câu 4: Linda: "Excuse me! Where’s the post office?" Maria: "______." A. I'm afraid not B. Don’t worry C. It’s over there D. Yes, I think so Câu 5: Hoa: “How do you usually go to school?” Linh: “_____.” A. Half an hour B. On foot C. Five days a week D. Two kilometres Câu 6: John: “Would you like a cup of tea?” Mike: “_____.” A. Yes, thanks B. It’s my pleasure C. I’m sorry D. Yes, I do Câu 7 : Maria: "Thanks for the lovely evening." Diana: "______." A. No, it's not good B. I'm glad you enjoyed it C. Yes, it's really great D. Oh, that's right Câu 8 : Kim: "What ______ this weekend?" Sally: "Oh, we're going windsurfing. It's fantastic!" A. do you go B. are you going C. would you do D. are you doing Câu 9 : Kevin: "How far is it from here to the nearest post office?" Lan: "______." A. Turn left and then turn right B. Yes, it's quite near here C. Two kilometers at least D. No, it's rather far Câu 10 : Pat: "Would you like something to eat?" Kathy: "______. I'm not hungry now." A. No, thanks B. No, no problem C. Yes, I would D. Yes, it is Câu 11 : David: "Could you bring me some water?" Waiter: "______." A. Certainly, sir B. Yes, I can C. I don't want to D. No, I can't Câu 12 : Ellen: "______?" Tom: "He's tall and thin with blue eyes." A. How is John doing B. What does John like C. What does John look like D. Who does John look like Câu 13. Ann: “Let’s go to the movie now.” – Peter: “Oh! ____________” A. Good idea! B. I don’t C. Why’s that? D. I need it Câu 14. John: " Don't forget to send your parents my regards." Tim: _______________ ." A. Good idea, thanks B. You're welcome C. Thanks, I will D. It's my pleasure Câu 16. Nam:" What can I do for you?" 4 Lan: : " _________" A. Thanks. I'll do it. B. No. You can't. C. Yes. Do it please. D. Thanks. I'm just looking. Câu 17: John: “Will you be able to come to the meeting?” Jack: “______.” A. Of course you will B. I’m afraid not C. I’m sorry not D. You must be kidding Câu 18: Tom: “You’ve got a lovely singing voice, Mary!” Mary: “______” A. It’s all right. B. Congratulations! C. Don’t mention it. D. Thank you. th Câu 19: - “Today’s my 20 birthday.” - “______” A. Many happy returns! B. I don’t understand. C. Take care! D. Have a good time! Câu 20: - “Would you like beer or wine?” - “______” A. Yes, I'd love to. B. I couldn’t agree more. C. No, I've no choice. D. I'd prefer beer, please. Câu 21: John: “I’ve passed my final exam.”- Tom: “____________” A. Good luck. B. It’s nice of you to say so. C. That’s a good idea. D. Congratulations Câu 22: David: “Happy Christmas!”- Jason: “____________” A. You are the same! B. Same for you! C. The same to you! D. Happy Christmas with you! Câu 23. Mary: “I’ve got an interview for a job tomorrow.” – Peter: “____________.” A. Thank you B. Same to me C. Good luck D. See you Câu 24. A: “Are you coming on Saturday?” – B: “____________.” A. I’m afraid not B. I’m afraid not to C. I’m afraid to D. I’m afraid I don’t Câu 25. Ann: “Do you think you’ll get the job?” – Mary: “____________.” A. I know so B. Well, I hope so C. I think not D. Yes, that’s right Câu 26:“I’d like the blue jacket, Can I try it on?” – “Yes, _________” A. You would B. you must C. certainly D. you do Câu 27: Peter: “Is Jane married with a Korean man?” – Jack: “________” A. I think B. I don’t think so C. I think not D. I don’t think that Câu 28: Tom: “You look great today, Jack!” – Jack: “_________________” A. No, I don’t B. You don’t like it, do you? C. You like it D. Thanks Câu 29: Ann: “Do you fancy a coffee?” – Tom: “____________” A. Oh, dear B. everything is OK C. How do you do? D. Oh, yes. I’d love to Câu 30: Ann: “Do you like Pop music?” – Tom: “____________” A. I would B. No, I like it C. Yes, a lot D. Yes, we are Câu 31: Ann: “How do you do? I’m Peter” – Tom: “______________” A. I’m fine. Thank you B. How are you? C. How’s thing? D. How do you do? I’m John Câu 32: Jack: “ Thank you very much for a lovely party” – Hoa: “ ____________” A. You are welcome B. Cheers C. Have a good day D. Thanks 5 PART 3: FORMS OF VERBS I. Gerund : Danh động từ A. FORM: (cách cấu tạo) V + ING = N Eg: doing, living, working… B. USAGE: (cách sử dụng) 1. Gerund is used after prepositions: sử dụng sau giới từ *to be/ get used to + V_ing accustomed to Ex1: He is / gets used to getting up early. * to be /get fond of keen on + V_ing interested in Ex2: She is interested in watching Korea film. *to be/ get tired of bored with fed up with * to be/ get afraid of + V_ing terified of appalled by * to be good at Ex3: He is good at learning maths, physics, chemistry. 2. Đứng sau thành ngữ : it is no use, it is no good : there is no use, there is no good: vô ích can’t stand . bear . help : không thể chịu được 3. Sau hai tính từ : busy, worth + V_ing 4. Gerund as a verb : Đứng sau một số động từ này Ex: She enjoyed eating banana S + V + V_ing 1. admit : thừa nhận 2. appreciate : đánh giá cao 3. avoid : tránh 4. consider : xem xét 5. delay : trì hõan 6. dislike : không thích 7. deny : từ chối 8. enjoy : thưởng thức 9. finish : hòan thành 10. forget : quên ( qúa khứ ) 11. forgive : tha thứ 12. fancy : tưởng tượng 13. keep : tiếp tục 14. like : thích 15. risk : liều lĩnh. 16. stop : ngừng, từ bỏ. 17. suggest : đề nghị 18. hate : ghét 19. mind : phiền 20. miss : nhớ, lỡ, mất 21. postpone : đình, hõan. 22. practise : luyện tập 23. recall : gợi lại, nhớ lại. . 24. regret : tiếc nuối ( quá khứ) 25. tolerate : bỏ qua 26. understand : hiểu 27. remember : nhớ ( qúa khứ ) 28. resent : tức giận, phật ý. 29. resist : cưỡng lại, phản kháng. 30. restrict : hạn chế, giảm bớt, ngăn ngừa. * can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t help * it is no use, it is no good, there is no use . * look forward to * busy, worth 6 II. TO INFINITIVE ( To V. (động từ nguyên mẫu có To.. 1. Bare infinitive ( Động từ nguyên mẫu không có To. a. Đứng sau động từ khiếm khuyết Ex1: They shall go camping S can/ could must may/ might ought to shall/ should, will/ would need/ needn’t dare / daren’t would sooner = would rather had better= ‘d better + + V0 B. Đứng sau động từ chỉ giác quan. Ex: They see him pick up the gun. S + see/ hear/ feel/ watch/ notice + O let/ make/ have + V0 Note: * to help + O + to V + V0 Ex; He helped me (to ) do my homework 2. INFINITIVE ( Động từ nguyên mẫu có To. a. S + V + To V Ex1: She agreed to love him 1. afford 2. agree 3. appear 4. arrange 5. ask 6. attempt 7. beg 8. care 9. claim 11. decide 12. demand 14. expect 15. dare 16. fail 18. hesitate 19. hope 20. learn : cung cấp đủ : đồng ý : có vẻ : sắp xếp : hỏi : cố gắng : đề nghị, xin : quan tâm : cho là, tuyên bố : quyết định : yêu cầu : trông đợi : dám : thất bại : ngập ngừng : hy vọng : học 21. manage : xoay xở 22. mean : muốn 23. need : cần ( chủ động, người ) 24. offer : mời 25. plan : dự định, kế hoạch 26. prepare : chuẩn bị 27. pretend : giả vờ 28. promise : hứa 29. refuse : từ chối 32. seem : dường như 34. swear : thề 36. tend : có khuynh hướng 37. volunteer : tình nguyện, xung phong 38. wait : đợi 39. want : muốn ( chủ động ) 40. wish : ao ước B. S + V + O + To. Ex: He begged her to kill him. 7 1. advise : 2. allow: 3. ask : 4. beg : 7. convince : 9. encourage 10. expect : 11. forbid : 12. force : 14. instruct : 15. invite : 16. need : 17. tempt : 18. intend : 19. order : 20. permit : 21. persuade : 22. remind : khuyên cho phép hỏi, đòi hỏi năn nỉ, xin thuyết phục :khuyến khích trông đợi cấm bắt buộc chỉ dẫn mời cần cám dỗ dự định ra lệnh cho phép thuyết phục nhắc lại 23. require : yêu cầu 24. recommend : khuyên 26. tell : bảo 27. urge : thúc giục, thuyết phục 28. want : muốn 29. warn : cảnh báo 31. would like : thích 32. would prefer : thích 33. appoint : chỉ định ai làm gì 35. choose : lựa chọn 36. compel : cưỡng bách 37. defy : thách 38. desire : ao ước, thèm thuồng 39. direct : hướng dẫn, chỉ huy 40. implore : yêu cầu 41. provoke : xúi giục C. Một số động từ có 2 trường hợp:  Stop + to V : dừng lại để…. V-ing: từ bỏ(thói quen.  Remember + V-ing: nhớ đã làm gì (qúa khứ) To V: nhớ sẽ làm gì (tương lai)  Forget + V-ing: đã quên làm gì (qúa khứ) To V : Sẽ(không. quên làm gì (tương lai)  Regret + V-ing: hối hận vì đã… To V: thông báo một tin xấu  Try + V-ing: thử làm gì đó To V: cố gắng làm gì đó 3. Một số cấu trúc khác: It + is + adj + (for O) + To V a. Ex1: It’s difficult to learn English well. b. It + takes /took /cost + adj + (for O) + To V Ex2: It took me 30 minutes to get there by bicycle. c. S + is / was + TOO + adj + To V Ex3: This shirt is too short for me to wear. d. S + is / was + adj + enough + To V Ex4: She is not young enough to take part in the beauty contest. 4. The infinitive can express purpose: (Diễn tả mục đích) Ex1: She is going to Paris to improve her French. Ex2: In order to pass the exams we are studying very hard 8 Ex3: We studying hard in order to pass the exam Ex4: We are studying hard so as not to fail the exams. S + V + to in order to so as to + V0  EXERCISE: A. Supply the correct form of the verbs : 1. I wanted her (learn) _________ English. 2. Will you help me (move) _________ this desk ? 3. Please let me (know) _________ your opinion. 4. Would you like (paint) _____ your bike or should I have a painter (do) ____ it for you ? 5. He warned me (not come) _________ late. 6. Did you see Tom (try) ________(reach) the top of the dresser ? 7. We had to ask the students (stop) _________ (make. so much noise. 8. I couldn’t stand (be) _________ alone in the dark room. 9. You must remember (lock) _______ the door before leaving the house. 10. The children are busy (collect) _________ shells on the beach 11. We regret (say) ____ that the lecture was dull and wasn’t worth (listen) ___ to. 12. He enjoys (listen) _________ to his own voice. 13. Can you manage(finish.) _______ (write) ______ these reports by yourself ? 14. We considered (give) ______ her a dress for her birthday, but couldn’t help (buy. _________ her some flowers, too. 15. Would you mind (keep) ______ quiet for a moment ? I’m trying (fill) ______ in a form. - It’s no use (ask) _________ children (keep) _______ quiet. They can’t help (make) _______ noise. 16. Could I (see) _________ Mr. Brown, please ? 17. I am looking forward to (see) __________ you. 18. He urged us (work)____________ faster. 19. It's no use (wait)________________ . 20. He is tired of ( walk )________________ to school. B. Mark A, B, C,or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. We don't mind _________ poor people. A. helping B. to helping C. to help D. help 2. Mrs. Taylor is usually busy ________ her housework. A. do B. doing C. does D. to do 3. John decided ________ another job. A. finding B. to find C. find D. to have found 4. She told me ___________ the back door. A. about to shut B. shutting C. shut D. to shut 5. We're looking forward _________ from our aunt. A. hear B. to hearing C. hearing D. to hear 6. He wanted ________ a book. A. to borrow B. borrow C. borrowed D. borrowing 7. Her parents can't stand ________ her at home all day. A. to seeing B. to see C. seeing D. see 8. Don't forget ________ me an email when you arrive home. A. to dropping B. to drop C. drop D. dropping 9. Would you like _________ some chocolate? 9 A. having B. have C. to have D. All are correct 10. My grandfather promised _________ me a toy car. A. gave B. give C. to give D. giving 11. The film was very sad. It made us _________. A. to cry B. cry C. crying D. to crying 12. They invited me _________ their wedding party. A. to attend B. attending C. attended D. attend 13. My neighbour saw Tom __________ to a stranger. A. talk B. talking C. to talk D. a and b are correct 14. As a child I enjoyed __________ comics. A. to read B. to reading C. reading D. read 15. Let us ________ a camping fire. A. to make B. make C. making D. to making 16. I can hear someone ____________ at the door. A. knocks B. knock C. is knocking D. to knock 17. I think your father should let you ____________ to school alone. A. go B. going C. to go D. gone 18. Does Dr. Johnson mind __________ at home if his patients need his help? A. to call B. calling C. to be called D. being called 19. They let their children _____________ up late at weekends. A. staying B. stay C. to stay D. stayed 20. Peter is very funny. He makes me _____________a lot A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed 21. They noticed him _____________ the agreement. A. sign B. to sign C. signing D. signed 22. The boss made _____________for a meeting after work. A. us to stay B. us stay C. us staying D. us to staying 23. The man wanted to avoid ................ on security cameras. A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. being seen 24. Peter _____________ to go in for the exam. A. avoided B. let C. advised D. decided 25. Will you remind me ............. this letter at the post office? A. to post B. posting C. to be posted D. being posted 26. I have told him never ........... to buy some potatoes on the way home. A. come B. comes C. came D. to come 27. His mothes hates….. to pop music A. listen B. listening C. to listening D. having listened 28. The chikdren enjoy ….. football after school A. played B. playing C. to play D. play 29. John doesn’t want ….. far from his house A. works B. work C. to works D. working 30. I persuaded my friend ….. me his caravan for my trip to the country side A. with lending B. with to lend C. to lend D. lending 31. I enjoy to cook for there five hungry children A B C D 32. His parents never allowed him ….. A. a smoking B. smoking C. to smoke D. some smoke 33. Do you consider………. friens on Sunday? A. inviting B. to invide C. invited D. inviter 34. After finishing the presentation, I suggested….. to the , cinema A. us to go B. that we to go C. going D. we going 10 35. Comedies always make me ……. A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughed 36. He avoids ….. me on the street A. to meet B. met C. meeting D. to be met 37. Would you mind give me a hand ? I have a lot of things A B C D 38. I remember ….. you about this before A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told 39. He let the letter ….. onto the floor A. fall B. falls C. falling D. fell 40. The police want us ….. anything A. that we report B. reporting C. to report D. we report 41. Please ask them ….. in this area A. don’t smoke B. not smoking C. not to smoke D. to not smoke 42. Let your name ….. in the sheet pares A. tobe written B. being written C. write D. being written 43. His parents allows him ….. A. to smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. to smoking 44. As we walked past , we saw her ….. his car A. in washing B. to wash C. wash D. washing 45. The skiers would rather ________ through the mountains than go by bus. A. to travel on train b. traveled by train c. travel by train d. traveling by the train -------- PART 4: SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT ( Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ từ vừ động từ. - Trong một câu tiếng Anh, chủ ngữ và động từ phải phù hợp với nhau về ngôi và số (số ít hay số nhiều).       Ex1:  The worker works very well. số ít số ít Ex2: The workers work very well. số nhiều số nhiều 1. Chủ ngữ là một danh động từ( V_ing., hay động từ nguyên mẫu( To V) => Vsố ít Ex 1: Walking in the rain is not a good idea. Ex2: To learn a foreign language is necessary. Ex3: To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in life. 2. Hai hay nhiều chủ ngữ số ít đựơc nối bởi liên từ AND thì đòi hỏi một động từ số nhiều Ex 1: - The boy and the girl love their parents dearly. Ex 2: - Tom and Mary were late yesterday. S1 + and + S2 + Vsố nhiều 3. Những câu bắt đầu øbằng chữ EACH, EVERY, MANY A, NO + Vsố ít Ex1: - Each boy and girl has a textbook. Ex2: - No teacher and student is present. 11 Each/ every/ neither of/ either of… + Vsố ít 4. Khi hai chủ từ được nối bởi OR, EITHER..OR, NEITHER..NO..thì động từ chia ở S2: Ex1: - He or you are the best student in this class. Ex2: - Neither Jack nor I am willing to do that. Ex3: - Either John or his friends are going to the beach today. Neither Either + S1 + nor or + S2 or (không …. mà cũng không. + V 5. Khi hai chủ từ được nối bởi AS WELL AS, NO LESS THAN, WITH thì động từ chia ở S1: - John, as well as you, is responsible for this act. - Tom, with his friends, is in the car. S1 + as well as together with a long with no less than + S2 + V 6. Khi chủ từ là số nhiều nhưng động từ chia ở số ít: Ex1: - No news is good news. Ex2: - Physics is more difficult than chemistry. News Physics Maths Politics United States Philipines + Vsố ít 7. Khi chủ từ nói về ( số lượng, giá cả, tiền bạc, khoảng cách, đo lường. + V+số ít: Ex1: - Ten thousand dollars is a big sum of money. Ex2: - Five hundred miles is a long distance. Ex3: - Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test 8. Khi chủ từ bắt đầu là: everyone, something, nobody … + Vsố ít : Ex1: - Nobody has opened the door Nobody Someone Something Everyone + Vsố ít 9. Cách sử dụng (a number of, the number of.: Ex1: A number of students are going to the class picnic Ex2: The number of days in a week is seven A number of … + Vsố nhiều The number of … + Vsố ít 12 10. Động từ có chủ từ là đại từ quan hệ thì động từ chia ở chủ từ trước đại từ quan hệ: Ex1: - He works for the factory which makes cars. Ex2: - The man who is living near my house teaches us English. NOTE: Một số danh từ không có thêm “s”vào cuối từ: The traffic The luggage + *traffics. luggages Vsố ít = sai The furniture The government The majority + Vsố nhiều  EXERCISE: Circle the best answers: 1. My mother together with my aunts going shopping at the moment. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. Tom as well as his friends the new teacher very much. A. love B. loves C. will love D. to love 3. My parents as well as my teacher ______ very interested in me. A. is B. are C. does D. have 4. My uncles together with my father going to visit our grandparents next Sunday. A. is B. are C. will D. were 5. Both Tom and Linda my friends. A. are B. is C. be D. likes 6. _________my father and my brother are football fans. A. So B. Either C. Both D. Neither 7. Either I or my mother to prepare our meals. A. has B. have C. am D. having 8. Either he or I wrong. A. are B. is C. am D. were 9. He is neither a teacher a doctor. A. and B. nor C. or D. not 10. Neither I nor Linda the answer . A. know B. knows C. knew D. have known 11. Neither Linda nor I classical music. A. liking B. liked C. like D. likes 12.Every Elementary School teacher to take a training course. A. have B. has C. having D. to have 13.Neither Jill nor her parents seen this film before. A. have B. has C. having D. to have 14.Either Jack or I enthusiastic to do that. A. is B. are C. was D. were 15.Neither Mildred nor her friends to help on the clean-up. A. is wanting B. want C. want D. wants 16.John, along with twenty friends planning a party. A. be B. is C. am D. are 17.Neither Bill nor Mary ______ going to the play tonight. A. be B. is C. am D. are 18.Each student answered the first three questions. A. to have B. has C. have D. having 13 19.Either John or his wife ________ breakfast each morning. A. make B. makes C. making D. to make 20.To love and to be loved ________ the greatest happiness on earth. A. be B. is C. am D. are 21.The old in my country ________ cared by their children. A. be B. is C. am D. are 22.Neither you nor I wrong. A. be B. is C. am D. are. 23.Either he or you this work. A. do B. to do C. do D. does 24.A number of students _______ going to class picnic. A. be B. is C. am D. are 25.The number of the days in a week seven. A. be B. is C. am D. are 26.A number of the consumers to buy this kind of silk. A. wants B. want C. to want D. wanting 27.The number of the students in our class forty-four. A. were B. be C. are D. is 28.Not only he but also his friends this film. A. liking B. to like C. like D. likes 30.Either he or his parents seeing horror films. A. liking B. to like C. like D. likes 31.Both the boss and his secretary flying to Paris. A. am B. is C. are D. be 32.Their news to us once a year. A. come B. comes C. came D. has come 33.Neither you nor I responsible for the bad result. A. be B. are C. am D. is 34.Neither Henry nor his friends yet. A. come B. comes C. has come D. have come 35.Either he or his friends mistaken. A. is B. are C. am D. be 36.The chairs as well as the table made of wood. A. is B. are C. am D. be 37.The table as well as the chairs made of wood. A. is B. are C. am D. be 38.Each house in ruins now. A. were B. are C. was D. is 39.The number of desks in that classroom thirty-five. A. is B. are C. am D. be 40.A number of students _________ participated in intensive language programs abroad. A. having B. to have C. have D. has 41. No news -------------- good news. A. is B. are C. were D. have been 42. The United States -------------- of about 160 nations. A. consists B. consist C. consisting D. have consisted 43. Both Tom -------------- Mary are students. A. and B. nor C. or D. with 44. Ten thousand dollars -------------- a large sum of money. A. are B. is C. were D. being 45. -------------- Julia -------------- her sister are going to the party. 14 A. Both .and PART 5: B. Neither . nor C. Either .or D. Not only . but also TAG QUESTIONS ( Câu hỏi đuôi, lối nói phụ họa) I. Tag questions: ( câu hỏi đuôi) 1. Câu hỏi đuôi gồm có: chủ từ (phải là đại từ nhân xưng) và trợ động từ hay động từ đặc biệc. 2. Nếu câu phát biểu ở thể xác định thì câu hỏi đuôi ở thể phủ định và ngược lại. 3. Nếu câu hỏi đuôi ở thể phủ định thì phải dùng hình thức tĩnh lược (contractive form). Ví dụ: STATEMENTS He is a good boy, The girl didn't come here yesterday, They will go away, She hasn't left, QUESTION-TAGS isn’t he? did she? won't they? has she? NOTES: a. Phần đuôi của “ I am” là “ aren’t I “ . Eg: I’m going to do it again, aren’t I? b. Imperatives and Requests ( Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu): + Có phần đuôi là “won’t you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời mời: Eg: Take your seat, won’t you? (Mời ông ngồi) + Có phần đuôi là “will you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời yêu cầu hoặc mệnh lệnh phủ định Eg: - Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lòng mở cửa) - Don’t be late, will you ? (Đừng đi trễ nha) c. Phần đuôi của câu bắt đầu bằng “ Let’s ...” : là “shall we ?” Eg: Let’s go swimming, shall we? Nhưng phần đuôi của “Let us . Let me” là “will you” d. Nothing, anything, something, everything được thay là thế bằng “ It” ở câu hỏi đuôi: Eg : Everything will be all right, won’t it? No one, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone được thay thế bằng “They” trong câu hỏi đuôi. Eg: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn’t they? NOTE: Nothing, Nobody, No one được dùng trong mệnh đề chính, động từ ở câu hỏi đuôi sẽ phải ở dạng thức xác định. (Vì Nothing, Nobody, No one có nghĩa phủ định) Eg: Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it ? e. This. That được thay thế là “It”. Eg: This won’t take long, will it? f. These. Those được thay thế là “They”. Eg: Those are nice, aren’t they? g. Khi trong câu nói có từ phủ định như: seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never, few, little… phần đuôi phải ở dạng khẳng định. Eg: He seldom goes to the movies, does he? h. Nếu câu phát biểu có dạng : You ‘d better → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : hadn’t you ? You’d rather → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : wouldn’t you ? You used to → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : didn’t you ? II. Additions to remarks: ( Lối nói phụ họa) 1 Phụ hoạ câu khẳng định 15 Khi muốn nói một người hoặc vật nào đó làm một việc gì đó và một người, vật khác cũng làm một việc như vậy, người ta dùng so hoặc too. Để tránh phải lặp lại các từ của câu trước (mệnh đề chính), người ta dùng liên từ and và thêm một câu đơn giản (mệnh đề phụ) có sử dụng so hoặc too. Ý nghĩa của hai từ này có nghĩa là “cũng thế”. Ex1: We are going to the movie tonight, and he is too. Ex2: We are going to the movie tonight, and so is he. Ex1: John went to the mountains on his vacation, and we did too. Ex2: John went to the mountains on his vacation, and so did we. Ex1: I will be in VN in May, and they will too. Ex2: I will be in VN in May, and so will they. Ex1: He has seen her play, and the girls have too. Ex2: He has seen her play, and so have the girls. 2. Phụ hoạ câu phủ định Cũng giống như too và so trong câu khẳng định, để phụ hoạ một câu phủ định, người ta dùng either hoặc neither. Hai từ này có nghĩa “cũng không”. Ba quy tắc đối với trợ động từ, động từ be hoặc do, does, did cũng được áp dụng giống như trên. Ta cũng có thể gói gọn 3 quy tắc đó vào một công thức như sau: Ex1: I didn't see Mary this morning, and John didn't either Ex2: I didn't see Mary this morning, and neither did John. Ex1: She won’t be going to the conference, and her friends won’t either. Ex2: She won’t be going to the conference, and neither will her friends. Ex1: John hasn’t seen the new movie yet, and I haven’t either. Ex2: John hasn’t seen the new movie yet, and neither have I.  EXERCISE : A. Add tag questions to the following. 1. They want to come,………………….? 2. Elizabeth is a dentist, ……………….. ? 3. They won’t be here, …………………? 4. That is your umbrella, ………………….? 5. There aren’t many people here yet, …………….. ? 6. He has a bicycle,……………………? 16 7. Peter would like to come with us to the party, ……………………..? 8. Those aren’t Fred’s books, ………? 9. You have never been to Paris,…………? 10. Something is wrong with Jane today, ………… ? 11. Everyone can learn how to swim, ……………… ? 12. Nobody cheated in the exam, ………………….. ? 13. Nothing went wrong while I was gone, ………… ? 14. I am invited, ………………….? 15. This bridge is not very safe,……………..? 16. These sausages are delicious, …………….? 17. You haven’t lived here long, …………? 18. The weather forecast wasn’t very good, ……………. ? 19. He’d better come to see me, .............. ? 20. You need to stay longer, ................................? B. Circle the best answer. 1. You have seen this film, ____? A. haven’t you B. have you C.do you 2. You often have bread and milk for breakfast, ____? A. haven’t you B.have you C.do you 3. You won’t leave me, ___? A. will you B.won’t you C.am I 4. There are many flowers in the garden, ___? A.aren’t they B.isn’t it C.aren’t there 5.There is nothing in the fridge, _? A. is there B.isn’t there C. is it 6. He never drinks wine, ___? A. doesn’t he B. does he C. hasn’t he 7. He can speak three languages, ___? A. can he B.can’t he C.isn’t he 8. Nobody knows her name, ___? A.do they B.don’t they C.isn’t it 9. You used to go to school on foot, ___? A.weren’t you B.were you C.did you D. don’t you D. don’t you D. do you D.is it D.isn’t it D.won’t he D. is he D.is it D. didn’t you -------- PART: 6 WORD FORMS ( Cách thành lập từ) 1. NOUNS. FORM EXAMPLES AR - sailor, actor ... a- Verb + ER - teacher, driver, viewer, singer... OR - beggar, liar ... ION b- Verb + ING MENT action, invention, liberation, conclusion ... - writing, making, liking, cooking, learning... 17 - movement, development, investment, punishment, e- Noun. Adjective + ISM - capitalism, patriotism, terrorism, heroism, communism. NESS - happiness, laziness, illness, sickness ... f- Adjective + TY - cruelty, loyalty, difficulty ... ITY - possibility, ability, capability, ability, curiosity ... h- Adjective Noun - long → length high → height - hot → heat - brave → bravery proud → pride - young → youth - deep → depth terrible → terror - famous → fame i- Verb Noun - choose → choice - live → life - feed → food - prove → proof - see → sight - sit → seat - die → death - lose → loss - fail → failure - sing → song - sell → sale The functions of a noun 1- Subject: - This girl is intelligent. 2- Object: - She eats a banana. 3- Complement: - He is a footballer 2. ADJECTIVES: FORM Noun - Adjective EXAMPLES - notice → noticeable - neglect → neglected - reason → reasonable - gold → golden - value → valuable - wood → wooden - terror → terrible - West → Western - sense → sensible - mischief → mischievous - horror → horrible - advent → adventitious - luxury → luxurious - authority → authoritative - victory → victorious - intuition → intuitive - variety → various - advangtage → advangtageous - danger → dangerous - caution → cautious Verb → adjective - accept → acceptable - obey - admire → admirable → obedient - volunteer→ voluntary - notice - study → studious → noticeable - criticize → critical - please - attend → attentive → pleasing - compete → competitive - learn - destroy → destructive → learned - decorate → decorative - benefit → benificial - collect 18 FORM → collective - create → creative - decide → decisive - deceive→dece ptive.deceitful noun - FUL - harmful pocketful - handful useful noun –LESS ( không) noun -LY noun - Y noun - ISH - variety variousnou n -AL - bounty bounteous - clamour EXAMPLES - peaceful - basketful - successful - helpful - childless - harmless - hopeless - manly - yearly snowy rainy faulty - foolish - childish - central - accidental - traditional - occasional - personal - helpless - homeless - hourlybrotherly - daily starry healthy dirty - selfish - optional - natural - magical - industrial - agricultural clamourous - danger dangerous - disaster disastrious - create creative - difference -different - patience -patient - independence -independent - circumstancecircumstantial - sympathy sympathic - giant giantic Noun→Adjectiv e III. Adverbs: 19 1- Definition: Adverbs express how, when, or where an action is done 1.1- Adverbs of manner: express how an action is done actively calmly fast late carefully Ex: The birds sang sweetly 2- The positions of adverbs 2.1- Ex: - She is very beautiful (adj) - He sings very well 2.3- Adverbs which modify the meaning of verbs. Ex: - He is running fast - I live here - I am speaking now NOTES:  There is a change of the final vowel when necessary Ex: lucky → luckily happy → happily slow → slowly  Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives Ex: - I went to New York by a fast train. (adj) - He ran fast. (adv) - We were late for school. (adj) - We went t school late. (adv) UNIT 1: HOME LIFE Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase 1. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school. a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically 2. Are you sure that boys are more _______ than girls? a. act b. active c. action d. activity 3. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done. a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible 4. These quick and easy _______ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost. a. solve b. solvable c. solutions d. solvability 5. He was looking at his parents _______, waiting for recommendations. a. obey b. obedience c. obedient d. obediently 6. The interviews with parents showed that the vast majority were _______ of teachers. a. support b. supportive c. supporter d. supporting 7. It is _________ of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it. a. care b. caring c. careless d. careful 8. For ________ reasons, passengers are requested not to leave any luggage unattended. a. secure b. securely c. security d. securing 9. The leader of the explorers had the great _______ in his native guide. a. confident b. confidence c. confidential d. confidentially 10. We are impressed by his _________ to help us with the hard mission. a. will b. willing c. willingness d. willingly UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY 20