Tài liệu Nghiên cứu xây dựng phần mềm quản lý thông tin tốt nghiệp trường đại học hải phòng

  KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB EÏM @ÏM Ėổ ÏB YỖY BDCAỎV Yèb ğỏ tæa8 BDCAÈB @ợ\ SÅQ IỶBD VCẮB GỆG _\ấB J×  YCÙBD YAB YỖY BDCAỎV YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD  DaẠbd vaèb cƶớ bd bd iẫb8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd  Pabc vaèb tcỿ` caỄb 8 Eña Ycẽ Obc  Bdæy sabc 8 ?1/??/?11< Jớ  p 8 @BYY5 K?4 Kcmï 8 56?> - 5656 a   KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD a JỚ A @ấG ƦB  Yrƶớ` cẽt, lg xab eæy tọ jõbd eaẽt Ưb såu sậ` tớa YcP. BduyỌb  BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd bdƶỗa ğà trỿ` taẽp cƶớbd iẫb væ tầb têbc daøp ğữ lg cmæb tcæbc ğỐ ïb t ởt bdcaỄp bæy. Lg xab `cåb tcæbc `Ạg Ưb sỿ daøp ğữ `Ụo tmæb tcỀ `ï` daïm vaèb kcmo `ùbd bdcỄ tcùbd tab `Ụo trƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd ğà iêu iật, iắy iỔ lg `Ạ vỏ kaẽb tcỡ` `cuyèb gùb væ tabc tcẤb cệ` tầp ğố` jầp, sïbd tắm ğỀ lg `ð ğƶỠ` kaẽb tcỡ` tcỿ` caỄb ğỏ tæa ğỐ ïb t ởt bdcaỄp `Ụo  gêbc. @uởa `ñbd, lg xab  eæy tọ jõbd eaẽt Ưb såu ğầg `Ụo gêbc tớa dao ğêbc, eắb   eã bcửbd bdƶỗa juùb sït `ïbc eèb lg, tắm gệa ğaỏu kaỄb tởt bcẬt ğỀ lg `ð tcỀ tcỿ` caỄb ğğỐỐ ïb t ởt b dca Ễp `Ụo  gêbc. Yrmbd quï trêbc tcỿ` caỄb ğỐ ïb tởt bdcaỄp, gẴ` iñ ğà `ở dậbd cẽt sỡ` smbd im tcỗa daob væ kcẠ bĀbd `ð cắb bèb lg kcùbd tcỀ trïbc kcọa bcửbd tcaẽu sðt. ^ê vầy, lg rẬt gmbd bcầb ğƶỠ` sỿ tcùbd `Ạg, `cề eẠm væ daøp ğữ `Ụo `ï` tcẤy daïm, `ù daïm væ `ï`    eắb.  Gốt jẤb bửo lg xab `cåb tcæbc `Ạg Ưb!    C Ạa Vcõbd, bdæy ?< tcïbd 69 bĀg 5656 Pabc vaèb Eña Ycẽ Obc D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p8 @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD aa JỚA @OG ĖMOB  Yùa xab `og ğmob ğåy jæ `ùbd trêbc bdcaèb `ỡu `Ụo raèbd tùa. @ï` sở jaỄu, k ẽt quẠ  bèu trmbd eïm `ïm jæ trubd tc ỿ` væ `cƶo từbd ğƶỠ ` oa `ùbd eở trmbd eẬt k Ự `ùbd trêbc bæm kcï`. Yùa xab `og ğmob rếbd `ï` tcùbd tab trç`c iẫb trmbd eïm `ïm ğỏu ğà ğƶỠ ` `cề  rü bduỐb dở`.  C Ạa Vcõbd, bdæy tcïbd bĀg 5656  Pabc vaèb tcỿ ` caỄb Eña Ycẽ Obc D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p8 @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD aaa BCẪB SÁY (@Ụo daẠbd vaèb cƶớ bd bd iẫb)  ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………   ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………   ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………   ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………   ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………   ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………   ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………   ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………   ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………   D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p8 @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD av Gứ@ Jứ@ JỚA GỒ ĖẮ\ ........................... ......................................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................... ...... ? @CƭƦBD ?8 Yộ BD _\OB ^Ệ  ĖỆ  YÆA _\ấB J× Ėổ  Cổ  PƦ YỖY BDCAỎV YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD ......................... ....................................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ............... 5 ?.? YỜbd quob vỏ trƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd. ..................... ................................... ........................... .......................... ................. .... 5 ?.?.? Daớ a tcaỄu vỏ trƶỗbd ğắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd................... ............................... ........................... ........................... ................... ......5 ?.?.5 @Ư `Ậu tỜ `cỡ` ......................... ...................................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .............5 ?.5 J÷ im `cệb ğỏ tæa væ bốa iubd eïm `ïm. ..... ................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................ ...........9 ?.5.? J÷ im `cệb ğỏ tæa8 ........................... ........................................ .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................... ......< ?.5.5 Bốa iubd `Ụo eïm `ïm8 .......................... ........................................ ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .............< ?.0 KcẠm sït quy trêbc _uẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄp sabc vaèb Yrƶỗbd ğắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd. > ?.0.? _uy trêbc bdcaỄ p vỬ ğobd ğƶỠ ` sủ iỬbd ờ  Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd. ............... > ?.0.5 Bcửbd tcuầb jỠa væ kcð kcĀb trmbd quï trêbc tcỿ` caỄb. ............. .......................... .......................... ............. > ?.9 Eæa tmïb bdcaỄ p vỬ _uẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p. .......................... ........................................ ........................... ................... ...... > ?.< K ẽt juầb `cƶƯbd ?. ............ ......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ...................... ........ 4 @CƭƦBD 58 YÊG CAễ\ BDÙB BDỢ  J  JẪV YUÊBC PỪ   I Iứ BD...............  BD............................ ................... ...... 3 5.? CỄ quẠb tr ị `Ư sờ  i  iử jaỄu P_J Plrvlr 56?5[?W. ......................... ....................................... ........................... ................... ...... 3 5.5 JAB_[5W.......................... ....................................... ........................... ........................... ........................... .......................... ........................... .......................... ............3 5.0 Gù cêbc jầ p trêbc ỡbd iỬbd OPV.Blt G^@......................... G^@...................................... .......................... ...................... ......... ?0 5.9 OIM.BLY Lbtaty Nroglwmrk [0W. ............. .......................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................ ..........?> 5.< K ẽt juầb `cƶƯbd 5. ............ ......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... .................... ...... ?4 @CƭƦBD 08 VCÅB YÇ@C ^Æ YCAẲ Y K Ẳ  CỎ  YCỖ BD _\ấ B J× Cổ  PƦ YỖY  BDCAỎV PABC ^AÈB........................... ......................................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... .................... ...... ?3 0.? KcẠm sït væ pcåb tç`c eæa tmïb _uẠb j÷ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb. ........................... ................................. ...... ?3 0.?.? KcẠm sït. ........................... ......................................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................. .... ?3 0.?.5 Vcåb tç`c eæa tmïb. .......................... ....................................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................. .... ?3 0.5 ĖẴ` tẠ yèu `Ấu cỄ tcởbd.............. .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................ ...........?1 0.0 Vcåb tç`c cỄ tcởbd. ............ ......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... .................... ...... ?1 0.0.? PƯ ğỐ \sl `osl iƶớ a tï` bcåb quẠb j÷. ............ ......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... ............. 56 ......................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ..................... ........59 0.0.5 Yï` bcåb jæ bdƶỗ a iñbd. ............ 0.9. Såy iỿbd eaỀu ğỐ tuẤb tỿ. ............. ........................... ........................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................... ...... 59 D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p8 @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD v 0.9.? PƯ ğỐ tuẤb tỿ têg kaẽg vĀb eếbd. ........................... ........................................ .......................... ........................... .................... ...... 59 0.9.5 PƯ ğỐ tuẤb tỿ tcèg vĀb eếbd ............ ......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ................ 5> 0.9.0 PƯ ğỐ tuẤb tỿ sủo vĀb eếbd............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................. .... 54 0.9.9 PƯ ğỐ tuẤb tỿ xðo vĀb eếbd ......................... ...................................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................. .... 53 0.<. Ycaẽt k ẽ cỄ tcởbd. .......................... ........................................ ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... .................... ...... 51 0.<.? Kaẽb trø` cỄ tcởbd. ........................... ........................................ .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... ................. 51 0.<.5 Såy iỿbd cỄ tcởbd jớ  p. .......................... ........................................ ........................... ........................... ........................... ..................... ........ 06 0.<.0 Såy iỿbd eaỀu ğỐ `Ư sờ  i  iử jaỄu............ ......................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................ ..........0? @CƭƦBD 98 YCỶ @ BDCAỎG............ .......................... ........................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................... ...... 0< 9.? Cƶớ bd bd iẫb sủ iỬbd. .......................... ....................................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................. .... 0< 9.5 Gốt sở daom iaỄb pcẤb gỏg. ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................. .... 0< 9.5.? Daom iaỄb bdƶỗ a iñbd ............ ......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .............0< 9.5.5 Daom iaỄb trobd Oigab. ............. .......................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ..................... ........ 0> K ẲY J\Ẫ B ............... ............................. ........................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... .................... ...... 9? ?. K ẽt quẠ ğắt ğƶỠ ``.. ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... ........................ ...........9? 5. Cắb `cẽ. .......................... ........................................ ........................... ........................... ........................... .......................... ........................... ........................ ..........9? 0. Cƶớ bd bd pcït traỀb. .......................... ....................................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... ........................ ...........9? YÆA JAỎ\ YCOG KCấM ......................... ...................................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... ................. 95 D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p8 @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD va IOBC Gứ@ CÊBC ấBC  Cêbc 5.? @ï` tcæbc pc Ấb `cçbc P_J Plrvlr ................... ................................ .......................... ........................... .................... ......?6 ?6 Cêbc 5.5 Yêg caỀu JAB_ ........................... ........................................ .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .................?5 ?5 Cêbc 0.? \sl @osl tỜbd quït ......................... ....................................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ....................... ..........56 Cêbc 0.5 PƯ ğỐ tuẤb tỿ têg kaẽg vĀb eếbd .......................... ........................................ ........................... ........................... ................ 5< .......................... ........................... .......................... ........................... ...................... ........ 5> Cêbc 0.0 PƯ ğỐ tuåb tỿ tcèg vĀb eếbd ............ Cêbc 0.9 PƯ ğỐ tuẤb tỿ sủo vĀb eếbd............... bd............................. ........................... .......................... ........................... ...................... ........ 54 Cêbc 0.< PƯ ğỐ tuẤb tỿ xðo vĀb eếbd ......................... ....................................... ........................... ........................... ........................ ..........53 Cêbc 0.> Kaẽb trø` cỄ tcởbd .......................... ........................................ ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................ ...........51 Cêbc 0.4 PƯ ğỐ jớ  p............ ......................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .............06 Cêbc 0.3 EaỀu ğỐ `Ư sờ  i  iử jaỄu ............. ........................... ........................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................... ...... 0? Cêbc 9.? Daom iaỄb kca truy `ầ p trobd ........................... ........................................ .......................... ........................... ...................... ........ 0< Cêbc 9.5 Daom iaỄb kca têg kaẽg ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................. .... 0> Cêbc 9.0 Daom iaỄb ğĀbd bcầ p cỄ tcởbd ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... .................... ......0> 0> Cêbc 9.9 Daom iaỄb trobd `cỤ Oigab ......................... ....................................... ........................... ........................... ........................ .......... 04 Cêbc 9.< Daom iaỄb tcèg gớa vĀb eếbd................ bd............................. .......................... ........................... ........................... ................. .... 04 Cêbc 9.> Daom iaỄb sủo tcùbd tab vĀb eếbd ............ ......................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ................ 03 Cêbc 9.4 Daom iaỄb xï` bcầb xðo vĀb eếbd ......................... ....................................... ........................... ........................... ................ 03 Cêbc 9.3 Daom iaỄb `cubd gốt sở trobd iobc gỬ` ......................... ....................................... ........................... ................. .... 01 Cêbc 9.1 Daom iaỄb kca `cệb bcầ p najl Lx`lj ........................... ........................................ .......................... ........................ ...........01 Cêbc 9.?6 Daom iaỄb kca `cệb xuẬt najl Lx`lj. ......................... ...................................... .......................... ........................ ...........96 D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p8 @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD vaa IÏBC Gứ@ EấBD EẠbd 0.?8 Gù tẠ jớ  p tcùbd tab sabc vaèb ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... .................... ...... 05 EẠbd 0.58 Gù tẠ jớ  p iobc gỬ` kcmo .......................... ........................................ ........................... ........................... ........................ .......... 05 EẠbd 0.08 Gù tẠ jớ  p iobc gỬ` jmắa eếbd ............. .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................. .... 05 EẠbd 0.98 Gù tẠ jớp tcùbd tab vĀb eếbd ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... .................... ...... 00 EẠbd 0.<8 Gù tẠ jớ  p iobc gỬ` cêbc tcỡ` ğæm tắm .......................... ........................................ ........................... ................. ....09 EẠbd 0.>8 Gù tẠ jớ  p iobc gỬ` eầ` ğæm tắm ......................... ....................................... ........................... ........................... ................ 09 D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p8 @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD ? JỚA GỒ ĖẮ\  Yrmbd xu cƶớbd `Ụo tcỗa ğắa caỄb boy, vaỄ` ïp iỬbd kcmo  cệ` `ùbd bdcỄ væm tẬt `Ạ `ï` bdæbc bdcỏ, `ï` jġbc vỿ` jæ gốt trmbd bcửbd `ùbd vaỄ` tcaẽt tcỿ` væ `Ấb jæg  ğỀ ğắt ğƶỠ` caỄu quẠ jæg vaỄ` `šbd bcƶ `cẬt jƶỠbd cæbd cðo. @ï` ỡbd iỬbd `Ụo `ùbd bdcỄ tcùbd tab ğobd bdæy `æbd gờ rốbd væ pcït traỀb kcùbd bdừbd. @ùbd bdcỄ `om ğobd jæ gỬ` taèu `Ụo cẤu cẽt `ï` quở` dao, `ï` bdæbc bdcỏ væ từbd `mb bdƶỗa trèb tcẽ daớa.  VcẤb gỏg quẠb j÷ tcùbd tab tởt bdcaỄp jæ daẠa pcïp tỜbd tcỀ ğƶỠ` xåy iỿbd væ ïp iỬbd `cm pcõbd  Ėæm tắm  tắa Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd. _uo   ğð daøp `cm `ï` ğƯb vị trmbd væ bdmæa trƶỗbd, quẠb j÷ ğƶỠ` tcùbd tab tởt tở t bdcaỄp `Ụo `ï` sabc vaèb ğà cmæb tcæbc kcðo cệ` tắa trƶỗbd. CỄ tcởbd daøp `ï` ğƯb vị `ð tcạg quyỏb quẠb j÷ `ï` tcùbd tab caỄu quẠ, daẠg `ca pcç, tcỗa daob, `ùbd sỡ`, tcuầb taỄb trệbd vaỄ` tro `ỡu têg kaẽg, quẠb j÷ tcùbd tab tcuầb taỄb, iỌ iæbd. CỄ tcởbd pcẤb gỏg `ð `ï` `cỡ` bĀbd pcåb quyỏb quy ỏb ğỀ ğẠg  eẠm tcùbd tab ğẤu væm.  ^ớa gmbd guởb xåy iỿbd gốt cỄ tcởbd `ð `cỡ` `cỡ ` bĀbd quẠb j÷ tcùbd tab tởt bdcaỄp, lg ğà tcỿ` caỄb ğỏ tæa ‚ Bdcaèb `ỡu xåy iỿbd pcẤb gỏg quẠ b j÷ tcùbd tab tởt bdcaỄp  trƶỗbd Ėắa Cệ` CẠa Vcõbd ‗ væ ğƶo ro `cƶƯbd trêbc ïp iỬbd trỿ` taẽp `cm pcõbd Ėæm tắm trƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd.  CỄ tcởbd ğƶỠ` traỀb kcoa tcæbc `ùbd `cm pc p8 -  _uẠb j÷ `ï` eố tcùbd tab tởt bdcaỄ p gốt `ï` tcùbd gabc, bcobc `cðbd væ taỄb jỠ aa..  -  @ầp bcầt jắa `ï` tcùbd tab vĀb eếbd.  -  YĀbd `ƶỗ bd bd kcẠ bĀbd jƶu trử væ têg kaẽg `ï` tcùbd tab tởt bdcaỄp. -  Yro `ỡu tcùbd tab vĀb eếbd iỿo væm `ï` tcùbd tab trèb vĀb eếbd.  -   Bcầp tcùbd tab vĀb eếbd eếbd najl Lx`lj.  -  SuẬt tcùbd tab vĀb eếbd ro najl Lx`lj. D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p8 @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD 5 @CƭƦBD ?8 YộBD _\OB ^Ệ EÆA YMÏB _\ấB J× Ėổ Cổ PƦ YỖY BDCAỎV YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD  Yrmbd `cƶƯbd bæy, lg trêbc eæy tỜbd quob vỏ ğỏ tæa8 GỬ` ğç`c væ yèu `Ấu ğẴ t ro kca xåy iỿbd pcẤb gỏg quẠb j÷ cỐ  sƯ tởt bdcaỄp sabc vaèb `cm Yrƶỗbd ğắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd. _uï trêbc kcẠm sït quy trêbc quẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ caỄb boy, từ ğð ğƶo  ro pcƶƯbd pcïp daẠa quyẽt eæa tmïb _uẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb. ?.? YỜbd quob vỏ trƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd . ?.?.? Daớa tcaỄu vỏ trƶỗbd ğắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd  . Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd (taẽbd Obc8  Obc8 Coa Vcmbd \bavlrsaty, gà trƶỗ bd bd jæ YCV) jæ trƶỗbd ğắa cệ` ğo bdæbc, ğƶỠ ` tcæbc jầ p tắa CẠa Vcõbd bĀg ?1>3 vớa tèb `š jæ Vcåb caỄu Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` Yắa `cỡ` CẠa Vcõbd. BĀg 5666, Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` Yắa `cỡ` CẠa Vcõbd sït bcầ p vớ a gốt sở `Ư sờ  ğæm tắm `cuyèb bdcaỄ p kcï` `Ụo CẠa Vcõbd tcæbc Yrƶỗbd Ėắa c ệ` Pƶ pcắg CẠa Vcõbd. Bdæy 1 Bdæy 1 tcïbd 9 bĀg 5669,  5669, Yc  YcỤ  tƶớ bd bd `cçbc pcỤ  ğà k÷ quyẽt ğịbc sở  >6/5669/_Ė-YYd, ğỜa tèb Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` Pƶ pcắg CẠa Vcõbd tcæbc Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd. Pỡ gắbd `Ụo Yrƶỗ bd bd kcẰbd ğịbc8 Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd jæ gốt trmbd bcửbd trubd tåg ğæm tắm ğắa cệ` ğo bdæbc væ jġbc vỿ`; jæ `Ư sờ  bdcaèb  bdcaèb `ỡu kcmo cệ`, ỡbd iỬbd væ `cuyỀb daom `ùbd bdcỄ, `ubd `Ậ p bduỐb bcåb jỿ` `ð `cẬt jƶỠ bd bd tclm taèu `cuạb quở`  ‐  xà dao væ kcu vỿ`, pcỬ` v Ử bcu `Ấu pcït traỀb kabc tẽ  ‐   xà cốa ` Ụo tcæbc pcở CẠa Vcõbd, `ï` tềbc iuyèb cẠa Eậ` eố væ `Ạ bƶớ ``..  @Ư sờ vầt `cẬt   ?.  Pở ?4? ğƶỗbd Vcob ĖĀbd Jƶu, _uầb Kaẽb Ob, CẠa Vcõbd8 @Ư sờ  trubd tåg. Ėåy ắg, vĀb jæ kcu vỿ` dỐg vĀb pcõbd bcæ trƶỗ bd8 bd8 Eob daïg caỄu, `ï` pcõbd, eob, tr ắg,  pcõbd `ï` kcmo kcmo cệ` `Ư eẠb, `ï` kcmo sƶ pcắg, bdmắa bdử, daẠbd ğƶỗbd, tcƶ vaỄb trubd tåg væ k÷ tø` xï sabc vaèb. Ia Ễb tç`c quy cmắ`c 53 co. 5.  Pở 59>O ğƶỗ bd bd Öæ BẼbd, _uầb Bdù _uyỏb, CẠa Vcõbd8 Yrubd tåg ğæm tắ m eỐa iƶữ bd bd `ïb eố Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd. 0.  Pở ?6 ğƶỗ bd bd Yr Ấb Vcø, _uầb Bdù _uyỏb, CẠa Vcõbd8 Yrubd tåg ğæm tắm bdmắa bdử Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd. ?.?.5 @Ư `Ậu tỜ `cỡ`    Bcæ trƶỗ bd bd dỐg8 D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD 0 ?> Kcmo, vaỄb ğæm tắm vĀb cðo.     Kcmo Ymïb +   Kcmo Ėæm tắm tắa `cỡ` +   Kcmo @ùbd bdcỄ tcùbd tab +   Kcmo Bdử vĀb væ Ėịo j÷ +   Kcmo Kcmo cệ` Yỿ bcaèb +   Kcmo Iu jị`c +   Kcmo Bdmắa bdử  +   Kcmo YcỀ iỬ` YcỀ tcom +   Kcmo Daïm iỬ` YaỀu cệ` væ GẤg bmb +   Kcmo Daïm iỬ` `cçbc tr ị  +  Daïm iỬ` cệ`   Kcmo Yåg j÷ ‐  Daïm +   Kcmo Kabc tẽ væ _uẠb tr ị kabc imobc +  Yæa `cçbc   Kcmo K ẽ tmïb ‐  Yæa +   Kcmo Såy iỿbd +   Kcmo ĖaỄb-@Ư   +   ^aỄb Pabc ‐  Bùbd  Bùbd +  1 Yrubd tåg.   Yrubd tåg Bdmắa bdử  +   Yrubd tåg Ėæm tắm EỐa iƶữ bd bd `ïb eố  +   Yrubd tåg Daïm iỬ` _uở` pcõbd ‐  Ob  Ob babc sabc vaèb +   Yrubd tåg Ycỿ` cæbc Kġ tcuầt +   Yrubd tåg EỐa iƶữ bd bd kaẽb tcỡ` eï`c kcmo +   Yrubd tåg Daïm iỬ` quở` tẽ væ Ėæm tắm Cïb bdử  +   Yrubd tåg Yƶ vẬb ğæm tắm væ xø` taẽb vaỄ` jæg +   Yrubd tåg ợ bd bd iỬbd væ `cuyỀb daom `ùbd bdcỄ  +   Yrubd tåg Vcït traỀb ğæm tắm + -  0 trƶỗ bd bd tcỿ` cæbc sƶ pcắg   Yrƶỗ bd bd GẤg bmb Ycỿ` cæbc + bd YaỀu cệ` Ycỿ` cæbc   Yrƶỗ bd +   Yrƶỗ bd bd VcỜ tcùbd Vcob ĖĀbd Jƶu  + D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD 9 ?< pcõbd eob.   Vcõbd YỜ `cỡ` @ïb eố  + ‐  @ùbd   Vcõbd @cçbc tr ị  ‐   @ùbd tï` cệ` sabc, sabc vaèb +   Vcõbd Ėæm tắm +   Vcõbd _uẠb j÷ kcmo cệ` +   Vcõbd CỠp tï` væ Ėæm tắm quở` tẽ  +   Vcõbd Cæbc `cçbc ‐  _u  _uẠb tr ị  +   Vcõbd K ẽ cmắ`c-Yæa `cçbc +   Vcõbd _uẠb j÷ Ycaẽt eị  +   Vcõbd KcẠm tcç væ ĖẠg eẠm `cẬt jƶỠ bd bd +   Vcõbd EẠm vỄ  +   Vcõbd Ycobc tro Vcïp `c ẽ  +   Ycƶ vaỄb trubd tåg +   Eob _uẠb j÷ iỿ ïb xåy iỿbd +   Eob _uẠb j÷ K÷ tø` xï +   Vcõbd Ėæm tắm Pou ğắa cệ`. + ?.5 J÷ im `cệb ğỏ tæa væ bốa iubd eïm `ïm.  ^aỄ` `ùbd kcoa cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p ` Ụo sabc vaèb daøp vaỄ` kaỀg ğịbc ` Ụo `Ư sờ   ğæm tắm cmẴ` `ï` `ùbd ty tuyỀb iỬbd iỌ iæbd têg kaẽg. ^aỄ` quẠb j÷ cỐ  sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb jæ gốt yèu `Ấu tcaẽt yẽu ` Ụo gỔa trƶỗbd ğắa c ệ`. ĖỀ qu Ạb j÷ cỐ  sƯ væ jƶu trử `ð caỄu quẠ tcê kcùbd ğƯb daẠb eờa ğõa cọa k ự bĀbd `Ụo bdƶỗ a quẠb j÷. Jæg som ğỀ vừo `ð tcỀ ka Ềg smït ğƶỠ ` s ở  jƶỠ bd bd c Ố  sƯ `Ụo `ï` kcðo, `ï` cỄ  ğæm tắm kcï` bcou vừo `ð tcỀ  jƶu trử têg kaẽg j ắa tcùbd tab cỐ  sƯ kca `Ấb tcaẽt. ^aỄ` qu Ạb j÷ væ jƶu trử  c Ố  sƯ trƶớ ` ğåy `cỤ yẽu sủ i Ửbd pcƶƯbd pcïp tcỤ `ùbd væ jƶu trử eếbd Lx`lj. Im ğð, kca quẠ b j÷ têg kaẽg gẬt r Ật bcaỏu tcỗ a daob væ `ùbd sỡ` gæ caỄu quẠ `ùbd vaỄ` ğlg jắa kcùbd `om ğùa kca `õb xẠy ro soa sðt gẬt gït iử jaỄu kcùbd ğïbd `ð. CaỄb boy `ùbd tï` quẠb j÷ cỐ  sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb `Ụo gốt sở  trƶỗbd ğắa cệ` bða `cubd væ Yrƶỗbd ğắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd bða raèbd `õb `cƶo ğắ t caỄu quẠ `om. Im ğð vaỄ` ğõa cọa `ð gốt pcẤb gỏg `cuyèb iỬbd tr ỠỠ   daøp daøp `cm `ùbd va Ễ` quẠb j÷ væ jƶu trử  cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb jæ gốt bcu `Ấu tẬt yẽu ğỀ ğẠg eẠm caỄu quẠ væ taẽt kaỄg tcỗ a daob trmbd `ùbd vaỄ`. D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD < ?.5.? J÷ im `cệb ğỏ tæa8  Yrmbd bcửbd bĀg dẤb ğåy, bỏb `ùbd bdcỄ tcùbd tab `Ụo bƶớ` to `šbd ğà `ð pcït traỀb trèb gệa jġbc vỿ` trmbd `uố` s ởbd `šbd bcƶ trmbd jġbc vỿ ` qu Ạb j÷ xà cốa kcï`. Gốt trmbd bcửbd jġbc vỿ` gæ gïy tçbc ğƶỠ ` s ủ iỬbd bcaỏu bcẬt jæ `ï` cỄ tcởbd tcùbd tab quẠb j÷ bða `cubd. Yuy bcaèb, caỄb boy im quy gù, tçbc pcỡ` tắ p `Ụo `ùbd vaỄ` bdæy `æbd `om bèb vaỄ` xåy iỿbd cỄ tcởbd tcùbd tab quẠb j÷ kcùbd `cề jæ vaỄ` jầp trêbc ğƯb daẠb gæ pcẠa xåy iỿbd g ốt `ï`c `ð cỄ tc ởbd. ĖỐbd tcỗ a `ùbd tï` quẠb j÷ cỐ  sƯ væ tro `ỡu cỐ sƯ `Ụo `ï` sabc vaèb ğà tở t bdcaỄp `šbd jæ vẬb ğỏ ğobd ğƶỠ` ğỏ `ầp ğẽb trmbd xà cốa caỄb boy. Yrmbd tcỗ a daob cệ` tầ p tắa trƶỗbd ğắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd bcầb eaẽt ğƶỠ ` sỿ kcð kcĀb trmbd vaỄ` qu Ạb j÷ væ jƶu trử tcùbd tab cỐ  sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc s abc vaèb v aèb ` Ụo Yrƶỗbd ğắa c ệ` CẠa Vcõbd væ bcu `Ấu têg kaẽg tcùbd tab vĀb eế bd `Ụo sabc vaèb ğà tởt bdcaỄ p `Ụo `ï` `ùbd ty kca `ð sabc vaèb ğẽ b ỡbd tuyỀb bcåb vaèb, lg ğà tcỿ ` caỄb ğỏ tæa8 ‚ Bdcaèb `ỡ u  xåy i ỿ bd bd pcẤb gỏ g quẠb j÷ tcùbd tab t ở t bdcaỄp trƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` C Ạa Vcõbd‗ vớ a gmbd guởb ğƶo jġbc vỿ` `ùbd bdcỄ tcùbd tab tr ờờ  bèb  bèb tcaẽt tcỿ` vớ a `uố` sởbd væ cỔ tr Ỡ  Ỡ `ùbd  `ùbd tï` quẠb j÷ væ jƶu trử  cỐ  sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb Yrƶỗbd ğắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd ğƶỠ ` iỌ  iæbd væ `cçbc xï` cƯb, ğỐbd tcỗ a s ặ jæ tæa jaỄu tcog kcẠm `cm `ï` eắb sabc vaèb kcðo sou. Yrmbd eïm `ïm bæy lg s ặ trêbc eæy quï trêbc têg caỀu `ï`c quẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb `Ụo Yrƶỗbd ğắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd, gaèu tẠ tỜbd tcỀ eæa tmïb quẠb j÷, `ï` yèu ` Ấu vỏ cỄ tcởbd, tæa jaỄu pcåb tç`c tcaẽt k ẽ cỄ tcởbd. @ầ p bc ầt, jƶu trử tcùbd tab cỐ  sƯ sabc vaèb trƶỗ bd. bd. ?.5.5 Bốa iubd `Ụo eïm `ïm8 Eïm `ïm trêbc eæy quy trêbc xåy i ỿbd g ốt eæa tmïb quẠb j÷ cỐ  sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb eom dỐg têg caỀu tcỿ` tr ắbd quẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄp sabc vaèb Yrƶỗbd ğắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd, từ  ğð ğa væm pcåb tç`c tcaẽt k ẽ cỄ tc ởbd ğỀ  ğƶo ro gốt s Ạb pc ạg pcẤb gỏg `ð `ï` `cỡ` bĀbd `Ấb tcaẽt, `Ậu trø` eïm `ïm bæy d Ốg eởb `cƶƯbd `cçbc8 @cƶƯbd ?8 YỜ  bd quob vỏ  ğỏ tæa _uẠ b j÷ tcùbd tab cỐ  sƯ tở  t bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ ` C Ạa Vcõbd. @cƶƯbd 58 Yêg caỀ u bdùb bdử   j j ầ p trêbc sủ  i   i Ử bd. cỄ tcở   bd _uẠ b j÷ tcùbd tab cỐ sƯ tở   t bdcaỄ p. @cƶƯbd 08 Vcåb tç`c væ tcaẽ  t kẽ   c @cƶƯbd 98 Ycỿ  ` bdcaỄ g. D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD >  K ẽẽ   t  juầb væ cƶớ   bd pcït traỀ   b ğỏ tæa.  Ėởa tƶỠ  bd bdcaèb `ỡ u8 u8  @ï` quï trêbc quẠb j÷ cỐ  sƯ, jƶu trử, tc ởbd kè, têg kaẽg cỐ sƯ, quo ğð xåy iỿbd `cƶƯbd trêbc quẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb.  Vcắ g va bdcaèb ` ỡ u8 u8  @cƶƯbd trêbc ğƶỠ ` ïp iỬbd quẠb j÷ cỐ  sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb Yrƶỗbd ğắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd. ?.0 KcẠm sït quy  trêbc _uẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄp sabc vaèb Yrƶỗbd ğắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd. ?.0 .? _uy trêbc bdcaỄp vỬ ğobd ğƶỠ` sủ iỬbd ờ Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd   . Cæbd bĀg, sou gỔa k Ự jæg væ eẠm v Ễ ğỏ tæa tởt bdcaỄ p `Ụo sabc vaèb, bdƶỗ a qu Ạb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb pcẠa jầp tcùbd tab vĀb eếbd gớa `cm sabc vaèb ğỤ ğaỏu kaỄb tởt bdcaỄp væ jƶu jắa cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p `Ụo sabc vaèb. _uy trêbc quẠb j÷ `ï` tcùbd tab . Pou kca `ï` sabc vaèb cmæb tcæbc kcðo c ệ` bdƶỗ a quẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ pcẠa jƶu jắa tcùbd tab cỐ sƯ   ``Ụo gỔa sabc vaèb. Ycùbd tab ğƶỠ` jƶu jắ a eom dỐg8 Cệ tèb sabc vaèb, daớ a tçbc, bdæy sabc, jớ  p, gà sabc vaèb, jmắa vĀb eếbd, sở caỄu vĀb eếbd, sở væm sỜ, cêbc tcỡ` ğæm tắm væ bĀg tởt bdcaỄ p. ?.0 .5 Bcửbd tcuầb jỠa væ kcð kcĀb trmbd quï trêbc tcỿ` caỄb.  ƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd `ð eỏ iæy kabc bdca Ễg trmbd `ùbd tï` quẠb j÷ væ `ốbd Yr ƶỗbd vớa ğốa bdš `ïb eố  tr ẻ  bcaỄt cuyẽt, `ð trêbc ğố `om, `cuyèb gùb såu, bca Ễt têbc trmbd `ùbd vaỄ` væ ğƶỠ ` `cao ro tcæbc `ï` kcmo va Ễb rü ræbd, ğåy jæ bcửbd y ẽu tở  tcuầb jỠ a ờ jèb daøp `cm vaỄ` quẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb tr ờ   jèb iỌ iæbd cƯb.  Yuy bcaèb, im bcu ` Ấu gờ  r   r ốbd gắbd jƶớa ğæm tắm gæ trƶỗ bd bd `ð bcaỏu eầ` ğæm tắm, cỄ  ğæm tắm v ớ a r Ật bcaỏu kcmo, jớ  p kcï` bcou. G Ẵt kcï`, gỔa bĀg trƶỗ bd bd `ð dẤb 0666 sabc vaèb tởt bdcaỄ p. @cm bèb vaỄ` quẠb j÷ væ jƶu trử  tcùbd tab từbd kcðo, từbd cỄ  ğæm tắm ğùa jø` `ð sỿ bcẤg jẫb jæg Ạbc cƶờ bd bd tcùbd tab vỏ sou. ?.9 BdcaỄp vỬ _uẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄp.   Yừ vaỄ` kcẠm sït caỄb tr ắbd _uẠb j÷ cỐ  sƯ tởt bdcaỄp trƶỗbd ğắa c ệ` CẠa Vcõbd bcƶ trèb, `cøbd to `Ấ b tcẬy ğƶo ro gốt eæa tmïb vỏ quẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p pcñ cỠp cƯb vớ a8 a8  Jƶu trử  tcùbd  tcùbd tab cỐ sƯ tở   t bdcaỄ p Jæ `ï` quy trêbc ğïp ỡ bd yèu `Ấu bdcaỄ p vỬ _uẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb8 - Ycùbd tab vỏ tcùbd tab `ï bcåb sabc vaèb. D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD 4 - Ycùbd tab vĀb eếbd `Ụo sabc vaèb. - Ycùbd tab tro `ỡu, têg kaẽg iử jaỄu pcỬ` vỬ `cm `ùbd tï` quẠb j÷. Ycom tï` trèb i ử  ử   jajaỄu tmæb vĀb  - _uy trêbc `ầ p bcầt, truy bcầ p iử jaỄu trèb gỔa cỐ sƯ sabc vaèb. - Ycom tï` têg kaẽg tcùbd tab cỐ sƯ sabc vaèb tclm tèb, jớ  p.   Vcåb quyỏb bdƶỗ a iñbd. CaỄb tắa cỄ tcởbd ğƶỠ ` pcåb gốt quyỏb iuy bcẬt jæ oigab ğỀ pcỬ vỬ `cm vaỄ` kaỀg smït cỐ sƯ. CỄ tcởbd `ð daom iaỄb iỌ sủ iỬbd, tcåb tcaỄb vớa bdƶỗ a iñbd. CỄ tcởbd `cm  pcp bdƶỗ a iñbd truy `ầp tcƶỗbd xuyèb, ğõa cọa `cƶƯbd trêbc tỜ  `cỡ` `Ư sờ   iiử jaỄu jƶu tr ử `ï` tcùbd tab som `cm t ởa ƶu caỄu qu Ạ bc Ật, daẠg tcaỀu t ởa ğo soa sðt væ gẬ t gït iử  jaỄu.  G Ử ` taèu xåy i ỿ ỿ  bd   pcẤ b gỏ g _uẠ b j÷ cỐ sớ   ttở  t bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb8 - YỜ `cỡ` tcởbd bcẬt gốt cỄ tcởbd `Ư sờ   iiử jaỄu bcếg jƶu trử tcởbd bcẬt tmæb eố  iử jaỄu. - @ầ p bcầt, têg kaẽg, tcởbd kè, jƶu tr ử cỐ sƯ sabc vaèb ğà tởt bdcaỄ p. - Bcầ p/ xuẬt najl Lx`lj ğỀ taỄb iỬbd cƯb vớa bdƶỗ a iñbd. ?.< Kẽt juầb `cƶƯbd ? . Yrmbd `cƶƯbd bæy, lg ğà trêbc eæy bcử bd kcẠm sït vỏ quy trêbc quẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt èb quy trêbc bæy, lg ğà pcåb tç`c eæa tmïb bdcaỄ p tắa Yrƶỗbd Ėắa cệ` CẠa Vcõbd. Iỿo tr èb væ xåy iỿbd `cƶƯbd trêbc quẠb j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb `Ụo trƶỗ bd bd eếbd `ùbd bdcỄ  wle (ğƶỠ ` trêbc eæy `ca taẽt ờ  `ï` `cƶƯbd sou). D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD 3 @CƭƦBD 58 YÊG CAễ\ BDÙB BDỢ JẪV YUÊBC PỪ IứBD   Yrmbd `cƶƯbd bæy lg sặ trêbc eæy j÷ tcuyẽt væ bdùb bdử jầ p trêbc s ủ iỬbd ğỀ `æa ğẴt væ xåy iỿbd `cƶƯbd trêbc `cm eæa tmïb _uẠ b j÷ cỐ sƯ tởt bdcaỄ p sabc vaèb. @Ử tcỀ, cỄ tcởbd ğƶỠ` `æa ğẴt trèb bỏb Tle, sủ iỬbd bdùb bdử OPV.Blt G^@ vớ a cỄ quẠb tr ị `Ư sờ  i  iử jaỄu P_J slrvlr 56?5. 5.? CỄ quẠb trị `Ư sờ iử jaỄu P_J Plrvlr 56?5 [?W. P_J Plrvlr jæ gốt cỄ quẠb trị `Ư sờ iử jaỄu quob cỄ (Uljotamboj Iotoeosl Gobodlglbt Pystlg (UIEGP) ) sủ iỬbd `åu jỄbc P_J ( Yrobso`t-P_J) ğỀ trom ğỜa iử jaỄu daửo gïy @jalbt væ gïy `æa P_J Plrvlr. Gốt UIEGP eom dỐg iotoeosls, iotoeosl lbdabl væ `ï` ỡbd iỬbd iñbd ğỀ quẠb j÷ iử jaỄu væ `ï` eố pcầb kcï` bcou trmbd UIEGP. P_J Plrvlr ğƶỠ` tởa ƶu ğỀ `ð tcỀ `cắy trèb gùa trƶỗbd `Ư sờ iử jaỄu rẬt jớb (^lry Jordl Iotoeosl Lbvarmbglbt) jèb ğẽb Ylro-Eytl væ `ð tcỀ pcỬ` vỬ `ñbd jø` `cm cæbd bdæb uslr. P_J Plrvlr `ð tcỀ kẽt cỠp ‚Āb ÷‗ vớa `ï` slrvlr kcï` bcƶ Ga`rmsmnt Abtlrblt Abnmrgotamb Plrvlr (AAP), L-@mgglr`l Plrvlr, Vrmxy Plrvlr….   Gốt væa Ậb eẠb P_J Plrvlr8   ▨   Lbtlrprasl 8 `cỡo tẬt ` Ạ `ï ğẴ` ğaỀg bỜa eầt ` Ụo P_J Plrvlr, eom dỐg bcåb eố  gïy `Ư sờ   iiử jaỄu væ `ï` iị`c vỬ ğa kãg `ñbd vớ a `ï` `ùbd `Ử `cm tắm væ quẠb j÷ pcåb `Ửg P_J Plrvlr. Bð `ð tcỀ  quẠb j÷ `ï` @PIJ jớ b tớ a <59 pltoeytls <59 pltoeytls væ ğïbc ğịo `cề  ?5 tlroeytls ?5  tlroeytls e  eố bcớ  væ  væ cỔ tr ỠỠ  t tớ a >96 eố va xủ j÷(`ï` `mrl `Ụo `pu). ▨   Ptobiori 8 U Ật tcç`c cỠ  p `cm `ï` `ùbd ty vừo væ bcọ vê daï tcæbc r ẻ  cƯb bcaỏu sm vớa Lbtlrprasl Liatamb, bcƶbd jắa eị  daớ a cắb gốt sở  `cỡ` bĀbd `om `Ậ p (oivob`li nloturls) kcï`, liatamb bæy `ð tc Ề `cắy tởt trèb cỄ tcởbd jèb ğẽb 9 @V\ væ 5 DE UOG. ▨   Ilvljmplr 8 @ð ğẤy ğỤ `ï` tçbc bĀbd `Ụo Lbtlrprasl Liatamb bcƶbd ğƶỠ ` `cẽ tắm ğẴ` eaỄt bcƶ daớ a cắb s ở jƶỠbd bdƶỗ a k ẽt bởa væm Plrvlr `ñbd gốt jø`…. Öåy jæ  pcaèb  eẠb sủ  iỬbd `cm pcït traỀb væ kaỀg tro ỡbd iỬbd. Vcaèb eẠb bæy pcñ cỠ  p `cm `ï` `ï bcåb, tỜ `cỡ` xåy iỿbd væ kaỀg tro ỡbd iỬbd. ▨   Tmrkdrmup8 Ậb eẠb P_J Plrvlr Tmrkdrmup eom dỐg `cỡ` bĀbd jüa `Ư sờ   iử  jaỄu bcƶbd kcùbd `ð `ï` iị `c vỬ ğa kãg. @cø ÷ pcaèb eẠb bæy kcùbd `õb t Ốb tắa ờ  P_J  P_J Plrvlr 56?5. D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD ▨   Lxprlss 1 8 P_J Plrvlr Lxprlss iỌ  sủ  iỬbd væ quẠb tr ị  `Ư sờ   iử  jaỄu ğƯb daẠb. ĖƶỠ ` tç`c cỠ  p vớ a Ga`rmsmnt ^asuoj Ptuiam, bèb iỌ iæbd ğỀ pcït traỀb `ï` ỡbd iỬbd iử  jaỄu, ob tmæb trmbd jƶu trử , væ bcobc `cðbd traỀb kcoa. P_J Plrvlr Lxprlss jæ pcaèb e Ạb gaỌb pcç, kcùbd daớ a cắb v ỏ s ở  `Ư ờ  i  i ử ja Ễu cmẴ` bdƶỗ a sủ i Ửbd, bcƶbd bð `c ề iñbd `cm ? eố va xủ j÷ v ớ a ? DE eố bcớ   væ ?6 DE najl `Ư sờ   iiử jaỄu. P_J Plrvlr Lxprlss jæ jỿo `c ệb t ởt `cm bcửbd bdƶỗ a iñbd `cề ` Ấb g ốt pcaèb eẠb P_J Plrvlr 566< bcọ d ệb, iñbd trèb gïy `cỤ `ð ` Ậu cêbc tcẬ p, bcửbd bcæ pcït traỀb ỡbd iỬbd kcùbd `cuyèb coy bcửbd bdƶỗ a yèu tcç`c xåy iỿbd `ï` ỡbd iỬbd bcọ. 5.5.? Jị`c sủ ro ğỗa P_J væ `ï` pcaèb eẠb   Vcaèb eẠb ğẤu taèb `Ụo Ga`rmsmnt P_J  Plrvlr ro ğỗa ğẤu taèb væm bĀg ?131  `cm `ï` cỄ ğaỏu cæbc `cắy ?> eçt vớa P_J Plrvlr pcaèb eẠb ?.6 væ taẽp tỬ` pcït traỀb `cm tớa bdæy boy. P_J Plrvlr `Ụo Ga`rmsmnt ğƶỠ` tcị trƶỗbd `cẬp bcầb rốbd ràa kỀ từ vlrsamb >.<. Pou ğð Ga`rmsmnt ğà `Ạa taẽb væ cẤu bcƶ vaẽt jắa gốt lbdabl gớa `cm P_J Plrvlr 4.6. @cm bèb `ð tcỀ bða từ vlrsamb >.< jèb vlrsamb 4.6 jæ gốt   eƶớ` bcẠy vệt. @ð gốt sở ğẴ` tçbc `Ụo P_J Plrvlr 4.6 kcùbd tƶƯbd tcç`c tcç `c vớa vlrsamb >.<. Yrmbd kca ğð từ ^lrsamb 4.6 jèb vlrsamb 3.6 (P_J Plrvlr 5666) t cê bcửbd `Ạa taẽb `cỤ yẽu jæ gờ rốbd `ï` tçbc bĀbd vỏ wle væ jæg `cm P_J Plrvlr 5666 ğïbd tab t ab `ầy cƯb.   Gốt ğaỀg ğẴ` eaỄt ğïbd jƶu ÷  ờ pcaèb eẠb 5666 jæ  Gujtapjl-Abstob`l. Yỡ` jæ eắb `ð tcỀ `æa iẴt pcaèb eẠb 5666 `cubd vớa `ï` pcaèb eẠb trƶớ` gæ kcùbd `Ấb pcẠa dữ `cøbd. Bdcġo jæ eắb `ð tcỀ `cắy smbd smbd vlrsamb >.< cmẴ` 4.6 vớa v ớa pcaèb eẠb 566 6 trèb `ñbd gốt gïy (ğaỏu bæy kcùbd tcỀ xẠy ro vớa `ï` pcaèb eẠb trƶớ` ğåy). Kca ğð pcaèb  eẠb `š trèb gïy eắb jæ Ilnoujt Abstob`l `õb pcaèb eẠb 5666 gớa vừo `æa sặ jæ  Bogli Abstob`l. Yừ tcïbd ?6 bĀg 56?>, `ï` pcaèb eẠb sou ğƶỠ` Ga`rmsmnt cỔ trỠ8   ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨   P_J Plrvlr 5663 U5   P_J Plrvlr 56?5   P_J Plrvlr 56?9   P_J Plrvlr 56?> Vcaèb eẠb caỄb tắa jæ Ga`rmsmnt P_J Plrvlr 56?>, xuẬt eẠb væm bdæy ?/>/56?>.  P_J Plrvlr 56?> `cề cỔ trỠ `cm `ï` eố va xủ j÷ >9 eat. ea t.  D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD ?6 5.5.5 @ï` tcæbc `Ư eẠb trmbd P_J Plrvlr   P_J Plrvlr ğƶỠ` `Ậu tắm eờa bcaỏu tcæbc pcẤb bcƶ Iotoeosl Lbdabl, Ulpmrtabd Plrva`ls, Bmtana`otamb Plrva`ls, Abtldrotamb Plrva`ls, Nujj Ylxt Plor`c Plrva`l…. @ï` tcæbc pcẤb bæy kca pcởa cỠp vớa bcou tắm tcæbc gốt daẠa pcïp cmæb `cềbc daøp `cm vaỄ` jƶu trử væ pcåb tç`c iử jaỄu gốt `ï`c iỌ iæbd.    Cêbc 5.? @ï` tcæbc pcẤb `cçbc P_J Plrvlr   Iotoeosl Lbdabl   ‐  @ïa jüa `Ụo P_J Plrvlr8  Öåy jæ gốt lbdabl `ð kcẠ bĀbd `cỡo ioto ờ `ï` quy gù kcï` bcou iƶớa iắ bd toejl væ suppmrt tẬt `Ạ `ï` kaỀu kẽt bởa (ioto `mbbl`tamb) tcùbd iỬbd `Ụo Ga`rmsmnt bcƶ  O`tavlS Ioto Mehl`ts (OIM), MJL IE, obi Mplb Iotoeosl @mbbl`tavaty (MIE@).  Bdmæa ro bð `õb `ð kcẠ bĀbd tỿ ğaỏu `cềbc (tubl up) vç iỬ bcƶ sủ iỬbd i Ửbd tcèg `ï` tæa bduyèb (rlsmur`l) `Ụo gïy kca `Ấb væ trẠ jắa tæa bduyèb `cm cỄ ğaỏu cæbc kca gốt uslr jmd mnn. Ulpja`otamb   ‐  @Ư `cẽ tắm eẠb som (Ulpja`o)8  DaẠ sủ eắb `ð gốt iotoeosl iñbd ğỀ `cỡo iử jaỄu ğƶỠ` `ï` ỡbd iỬbd tcƶỗbd xuyèb `ầp bcầt. Gốt bdæy ğằp trỗa eắb guởb `ð gốt `ïa iotoeosl daởbd y cỄt bcƶ tcẽ trèb gốt slrvlr kcï` ğỀ `cắy eïm `ïm (rlpmrt iotoeosl) (`ï`c jæg bæy tcƶỗbd iñbd ğỀ trïbc Ạbc cƶờbd ğẽb plrnmrgob`l `Ụo slrvlr `cçbc). ^Ậb ğỏ jæ rlpmrt slrvlr `Ụo eắb `šbd `Ấb pcẠa ğƶỠ` `ầp bcầt tcƶỗbd xuyèb ğỀ ğẠg eẠm tçbc t çbc `cçbc xï` `Ụo `ï` eïm `ïm. Eắb kcùbd tcỀ D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD ?? iñbd `Ư `cẽ eo`k up obi rlstmrl trmbd trƶỗbd cỠp bæy. Ycẽ tcê eắb pcẠa j æg som= Jø` ğð `Ư `cẽ rlpja`otamb `Ụo P_J Plrvlr sặ ğƶỠ` sủ iỬbd ğỀ eẠm ğẠg `cm iử jaỄu ờ 5 iotoeosl ğƶỠ` ğỐbd eố (syb`crmbazli). Ulpja`otamb sặ ğƶỠ` eæb kự trmbd eæa ?5  Abtldrotamb Plrva`ls (IYP)  ‐  Abtldrotamb Plrva`ls jæ gốt tầp cỠp `ï` `ùbd `Ử ğỐ cệo væ `ï` ğởa tƶỠbd jầp trêbc `cm vaỄ` ia `cuyỀb, som `cp væ `cuyỀb ğỜa iử jaỄu.    Bẽu eắb jæg vaỄ` va Ễ` trmbd gốt `ùbd ty jớb trmbd ğð ioto ğƶỠ` `cỡo trmbd bcaỏu bƯa kcï` bcou væ ờ `ï` iắbd kcï` bcou `Ử tcỀ bcƶ `cỡo trmbd Mro`jl, IE5 (`Ụo AEG), P_J Plrvlr, Ga`rmsmn t O``lss….Eắb `cậ` `cậb sặ `ð bcu `Ấu ia `cuyỀb ioto daửo `ï` slrvlr bæy (gadrotl coy trobsnlr) væ kcùbd `cề ia `cuyỀb eắb `õb guởb ğịbc iắbd ( nmrgot) bð trƶớ` kca jƶu væm iotoeosl kcï`, kca ğð eắb sặ tcẬy IYP daøp eắb daẠa quyẽt `ùbd vaỄ` trèb iỌ iæbd.  Obojysas Plrva`ls   ‐  Gốt iị`c vỬ pcåb tç`c iử jaỄu rẬt coy `Ụo Ga`rmsmnt  Iử jaỄu (Ioto) `cỡo trmbd iotoeosl sặ `cẰbd `ð ÷ bdcġo dê bcaỏu bẽu bcƶ eắb kcùbd tcỀ jẬy ğƶỠ` bcửbd tcùbd tab (Abnmrgotamb) eỜ ç`c từ ğð. Im ğð Ga`rmsmnt `ubd `Ập `cm  eắb gốt `ùbd `Ử rẬt gắbc daøp `cm vaỄ` pcåb tç`c t ç`c iử jaỄu trờ bèb iỌ iæbd væ caỄu quẠ  eếbd `ï`c iñbd kcïa baỄg b aỄg cêbc kcởa bcaỏu `caỏu `c aỏu (gujta -iaglbsamb `uels) væ kự  tcuầt ‚kcoa pcï iử jaỄu‗ (ioto gababd).   Bmtana`otamb Plrva`ls  Iị`c vỬ tcùbd eïm Bmtana`otamb Plrva`ls jæ bỏb tẠbd tẠb d `cm sỿ pcït traỀb væ traỀb kcoa `ï` ỡbd iỬbd tắm væ dủa tcùbd eïm. Bmtana`otamb Plrva`ls `ð tcỀ dủa tcùbd eïm tclm ğị`c tcỗa ğẽb cæbd bdæb bdƶỗa ğĀbd k÷ sủ iỬbd bcaỏu jmắa tcaẽt eị kcï` bcou.   Ulpmrtabd Plrva`ls  Ulpmrtabd Plrva`ls eom dỐg `ï` tcæbc pcẤb slrvlr væ `jalbt `cm vaỄ` tắm, quẠb j÷ væ traỀb kcoa `ï` eïm `ïm. Ulpmrtabd Plrva`ls `šbd jæ bỏb tẠbd `cm vaỄ` pcït traỀb væ xåy iỿbd `ï` ỡbd iỬbd eïm `ïm.  Nujj Ylxt Plor`c Plrva`l  Iị`c vỬ P_J Plrvlr Nujj Ylxt Plor`c jæ gốt iị`c vỬ ğẴ` eaỄt `cm ğïbc `cề gỬ` væ truy vẬb `cm iử jaỄu vĀb eẠb kcùbd `Ậu trø` ğƶỠ` jƶu trử trmbd `ï` @PIJ P_J Plrvlr. Ėïbc `cề gỬ` vớa Nujj Ylxt Plor`c `ð tcỀ iiuwmw`h tắm trèb eẬt kỰ `ốt iỿo trèb iử jaỄu D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc    KCMO @ÙBD BDCỎ YCÙBD YAB - YUƭỚBD ĖẦA CỊ@ CấA VCÕBD ?5 vĀb eẠb. Bð sặ rẬt caỄu quẠ `cm vaỄ` têg tê g `ï` sủ iỬbd tmïb tủ JAKL trm trmbd bd P_J vớa trƶỗbd cỠp têg vĀb eẠb.   Plrva`l Ermklr ĖƶỠ` sủ iỬbd eèb trmbd gỔa Abstob`l, jæ gùa trƶỗbd jầp trêbc `cm vaỄ` `ï` ỡbd iỬbd bcẠy quo `ï` Abstob`l. Plrva`l Ermklr daom d aom taẽp quo daom tcỡ tcỡ`` Y@V/AV væ `cm pcp `ï` `mgpmblbt kcï` bcou `ð tcỀ ğƶỠ` ğỐbd eố `ñbd bcou tclm cƶớbd trom ğỜa `ï` glssodl. Plrva`l Ermklr `cắy bcƶ gốt pcẤb `Ụo eố gïy `Ư sờ iử jaỄu, `ubd `Ập gốt bỏb tẠbd truyỏb glssodl tab `ầy væ tclm cæbd ğỠa `cm `ï` ỡbd iỬbd P_J Plrvlr.  5.5 JAB_[5W. JAB_ jæ vaẽt tật `Ụo từ Jobduodl  ‐  Abtldrotli   Abtldrotli _ulry tắg iị`c jæ bdùb bdử tç`c cỠ  p truy vẬb jæ gốt s ỿ  ğỜa g ớ a t ừ ^asuoj Ptuiam 5663 væ .BLY Nroglwmrk 0.< jæ ` Ấu bởa kcmẠbd `ï`c daửo tcẽ daớ a `Ụo `ï` ğởa tƶỠ bd bd vớ a tcẽ daớ a `Ụo iử jaỄu. JAB_ jæ tcƶ vaỄb gờ  r   r ốbd `cm `ï` bdùb bdử jầ p trêbc @# væ ^asuoj Eosa`.BLY Eosa`.BLY (`ð tcỀ g ờ   r  r ốbd `cm `ï` bdùb bdử kcï`) `ubd `Ậ p kc Ạ  bĀbd truy vẬb tr ỿ` ta ẽ p i ử ja Ễu ğởa tƶỠ bd, bd, @PIJ væ SGJ. JAB_ ğịbc bdcġo ? tầp tab `ï` tèb pcƶƯbd tcỡ` (ğƶỠ ` dệa `ï` tmïb tủ truy vẬb `cuạb, cmẴ` `ï` tmïb tủ trêbc tỿ `cuạb), `ñbd vớ a `ï` juầt iị`c ğƶỠ ` iñbd eờ a trêbc eaèb iị`c ğỀ iị`c `ï` iaỌb daẠa truy vẬb tcùbd tcắm tcæbc `ï` iaỌb daẠa iñbd `ï` tèb pcƶƯbd tcỡ`, iaỌb daẠa jogeio væ `ï` iắbd kcùbd xï` ğịbc.  Cêbc 5.5 Yêg caỀ u JAB_ JAB_ `ð ğỤ `ï` tmïb tủ truy vẬb trèb iử  jaỄu ğởa tƶỠbd tƶƯbd tỿ  bcƶ P_J trèb @PIJ, `cẰbd cắb bcƶ xẽ p tcỡ tỿ (mrilr), ğaỏu kaỄb (wclrl) coy gð` bởa (hmab)... D^CI8 Yc.P BduyỌb Bdệ` KcƶƯbd Jớ  p @BYY5 K?4 P^YC8 Eña Ycẽ Obc