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Trang chủ Nghiên cứu một số vấn đề tấn công lớp mạng của mạng tùy biến không dây...

Tài liệu Nghiên cứu một số vấn đề tấn công lớp mạng của mạng tùy biến không dây

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r. BO MAO DVC VA DAO T40 TRUtING Dig HQC MANG LONG —o0o-- CHUYEN DE TOT NGHIEP De thi: Nghien Cot MOt SO Vin De Tin Cong Lop Mpg Cim Mang Tay Bien Khong Day Ciao viers hirerng dan Sinh vien Ma sinh vien Chuyen nginh : Th.S Holing Trung Minh : Phan Trung Nghia : A08348 : TC - Mang vien thong DINO - 2013 • This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 MU C L U C MUC LUC THUAT NG°. VIET TAT DANH MIX HINH ANH LOI MO DAU LOI CAM ON CHUONG I. TONG QUAN VE MANG MANET 1.1. Gild thieu 1.2. Lich sir 1.3. tog dung 1.4. Cic dAc diim cha luting MANET 1.5. Kieu kit nai vi chi di kW ding 1.5.1. Clic Idiu kit [Jai topo mpg 1.5.2. Chi di) hogt ding 1.6. Phfin lohi MANET 1.6.1. Theo giao thin 1.6.2. Theo chirc nAng 1.7. Kit Ian CHUONG II. DINH TUYEN VA CAC DE DQA BAO MAT TRONG MANET 2.1. Vain di djnh tuyin trong myng MANET 2.1.1. Clic that Win djnh tuyin truyin thing 2.1.2. Cu yeti au chinh Ai vii viec dish tuyin trong ingng MANET 2.1.3. Phan loqi cic k9 that djnh tuyin 2.2. Cie giao they djnh tuyin chlnh trong ming MANET 2.2.1. Giao thirc djnh tuyin DSDV 2.2.2. Giao thic djnh tuyin OLSR 2.2.3. Giao thirc djnh tuyEn AODV 2.2.4. Giao thirc djnh tuyin DSR 2.2.5. Giao they djnh tuyin TORA 2.3. Cie mai de don Igo mfit trong mpg MANET 23.1. Ting ctuan 23.2. Clic diem yin cis mimg MANET 2.3.3. Clic cuQc tan ding vio MANET 2.3.4. CAc bin phi!) dii phi 2.4. Hiring nghien cfru trong twang lai 2.5. KM lufin CHIJONG III. TAN CONG LOP MANG VA LOP TRUYEN TAI TRONG MANG MANET 3.1. Gild thieu 3.2. Cu colic tin ding lop infog ching Ihi MANET 3.2.1. Tin cong Wormhole 3.2.2. Tin cfing hi den (Blackhole) 1 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com I 3 5 6 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 12 13 13 15 17 17 17 17 18 19 22 22 24 25 28 29 31 31 32 34 41 48 49 50 50 51 54 56 Phan Trung Nghia A08348 3.2.3. Tan cling pink typ (Byzantine) 3.2.4. Tan cong clan dap (Rushing) 3.2.5. Tan cong tieu hao di nguyen 3.2.6. Cie tan thong chitin gilt lien kit vi Wm gii lien kit 3.2.7. Tan cong phAn hid 3.3. Cie cuac tan cong 616.p giao van chang lyi MANET 3.3.1. Tan cong trin ng$p gni SYN 3.3.2. Tan cong chitin dot phien 3.4. Throng nghien niu trong tuong lai 3.4.1. Nein ngfra vi phlt hifn :em nhap 3.4.2. CIc ky that ma h6a 3.43. Khi Ming phyc 116i 3.5. Kit lu$n TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 2 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com 59 59 60 61 62 63 63 64 65 66 66 67 67 68 Phan Trung Nghla A08348 THU T NGU VIET TAT Tir viet tit ACK AODV AP CA CREP CREQ DARPA DEMEM DoS DSDV DSR EKE FSM GPS IDS IEEE IGRP IS-IS KS LMR MAC MANET MPR OLSR Nghla fling &nil Nghla hang vie ViC nhon Acknowledgement Adhoc On-demand Distance Giao thirc djnh tuyen vecto khofing each theo yeu cau Vector Diem truy nhp Access Point Ca quan chirng nh$n Certification Authority Phim hei xic talon tuyen Route confirmation response Route confirmation request Yeu au xac nh?n tuyen Cuc nghien mitt cfic dv an Defense Advanced phi:mg thit cai tien Research Projects Agency Trao deli tin th6c dly bed Distributed Evidence chimg cu phan tan Driven Message Exchange Tir chi Bich vy Denial of Service Giao thfrc djnh tuyen vecto Destination-Sequenced Ichoing each tan ty dich Distance-Vector Giao thfrc djnh tuyen nguem Dynamic Source Routing deng Trao del kh6a ma hem Encrypted Key Exchange May tinh tong hp the Finite State Machine He thOng dinh vi tom cau Global Positioning System Intrusion Detection System He thong phat hie'n xam nh3p VIP Id nghe dien vi dien tir Institue of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Giao thfrc djnh tuyen thing Interior Gateway Routing vio ra nei Protocol Giao thirc djnh tuyen he Intermediate system-tothong trtmg gian Intermediate system May chithquan Mpg Key Server Dinh tuyen di Ong trvng so Light-Weight Mobile thep Routing Ma )(tic thvc tin Message Authentication Code Mang tigh biett di dOng Mobile Adhoc Network Kip chuyen tiep da diem Multi-Point Relays Giao thirc djnh tuyen Van Optimized link state thai lien ket tth uu Routing 3 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 OSPF Open Shortest Path First RDP CEP RIP Route Discovery Protocol Route Reply Routing Information Protocol Route Request Route Error Robust Source Routing RREQ RRER RSR SAODV SPF Sercure Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector Shortest path first SYN TC Statistically Unique and Cryptographically Verifiable Synchronize Topology Control TCP Transport Control Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol VANET WSN Vehicular Adhoc Network Wireless Sensor Network SUCV Giao thIrc djnh tuyen duo ng ngin nhat dim tien ma , Giao they kham phi tuyen Tin phin he'i tuyen Giao thin thong tin djnh tuyen Tin yeu cau tuyen Tin for tuyen Giao thirc djnh tuyen nguon math me Giao thirc vector khoing cash theo yeu cau bio not Thuat than tim diking ngan nhat Kiem tra ma hes vi thOng ke duy nhat Deng be h6a Dieu khien de hinh Giao dare dieu khien giao van Giao thirc geli du lieu ngueri dung Mang xe ce tily bien Mang cam bien khong day 4 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 DANH MVC H1NH ANH Trang 8 Hinh 1.1: MS hinh met mpg MANET Hinh 1.2: Mang may chi' di dOng 11 Hinh 1.3: Mang cac thiet bi di ding khemg d6ng nhat 12 Hinh 1.4: Che dO IEEE-Adhoc 12 Hinh 1.5: Che dO ha tang 13 Hinh 1.6: Giao thirc don buoy 14 Hinh 1.7: Giao thirc da bare 14 Hinh 1.8: Mang MANET phan cap 16 Hinh 1.9: Mang MANET kit hcfp 16 Hinh 2.1: Cac giao thirc dinh tuyen trong MANET 22 Hinh 2.2: Dinh tuyen trong DSDV 23 With 2.3: Quy trinh chuyen tiep gen tin sir dung MPR 25 Hinh 2.4: OLSR ngtin chin vong litp bing each sir dung MPR 25 Hinh 2.5: Qua trinh kham pha tuyen trong AODV 26 Hinh 2.6: Giao thirc DSR 28 Hinh 2.7: Lien kit gifra cac node trong mpg MANET 32 Hinh 2.8: Met cu0c tan tong lam gia RREP 39 Hinh 2.9: Tin cong Wormhole 41 Hinh 3.1: Co the dm melt ctujc tan cling dinh tuyen don gifin 52 Hinh 3.2: Kich ban met cuoc tan cling Wormhole 54 Hinh 3.3: Kich ban met cuec ten ding 1-16 den 57 Hinh 3.4: Topo mang MANET khi "M" thwc hien tin ding dOn dip 60 Hinh 3.5: Co the bit tay ba Were TCP 63 Hinh 3.6: Clic btrecc gay m bAo TCP-ACK 64 5 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 Loi MO D AU Cimg yeti stir phat triers mph me cita khoa hac tong nghe, d#c biet la tong nghe thong tin IA dien tir vien thong, nhu au trao dei thong tin va der lieu cita con ngtreri ngly clang cao. Mang may tinh dang dang vai tro quan tang trong mai Milt vgc cua doi sing. Ben earth nen tang mang may tinh hint tuyen oft day, mang khong day ngay tir khi ra den da the hien dugc nhcmg tru diem vugt trOi ve str lien dung, firth host. Cie thiet bj di dOng new ding nho gun hat, kha nang xir Ii va Itru trey ding tang len dim den sg bimg nfi cita cac mang thy hien khong day not chung cling nhu mpg thy bien khong day di dOng (MANET) not rieng. Chang ngay cang dugc sir dung rang di va di vao cac ling dung thgc to trong cuOc sting. Cling giOng nhu a the mpg tiger' thong bao mit la yin de nit quan tang trong mong MANET, han nfra do cac doe diem cita minh cling yen mai trutmg lien ket khong day ma chimg cang de bj tin cong. Chuyen de nay em xin giesi thieu tong quan ye mang MANET, the ky thuilt tin ding va cac bien phap ngAn ngira trong mong MANET. NOi dung do chuyen de dugc Chia thanh ba chuang. Chuang I: glen thieu ye mang no, bien not chung va mpg MANET not rieng bao gam ljch sir phat triers, img dung, cac dOc diem, the do hoot dOng va ket tut Tir do cho to mat cai thin tong quit ve mang MANET. Chuang II: tim hieu ve cite giao thirc dinh tuyen trong mong thy bien kh8ng day, cac diem yeu cita mong MANET, cac de daa bao mat va mat set bien phap ngitn ngira chung (bao mat dinh tuyen vi cac he thong phat hien xam nhop). Chuang III: t#p trung phial tich cac cuOc tin conga tang mpg va giao von nhim vao MANET cling nhu nu nhtrqc diem cita cac phuang phap phong chting. M#c di da co ging nghien ciru de holm thanh chuyen de cita minh, nhtmg do kin thirc va thtti gian httn the nen chuyen de kh8ng birth khoi nhemg thieu sot. Em rat mong nhOn dirge cac dong gap, nhOn xet tir phia thity c6 va cac ban! Em xin chin thanh cam an! Hi NOi, ngay 08 thing 07 nim 2013 Sinh vien thgc hien Phan Tnmg Nghia 6 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Ngtifit A08348 Lta CAM ON Em xin chin thimh cam on dilly giao, Th.S Hoang Trong Minh, ngu&i da ten tinh huong den va &up der em trong sad qua trinh thtrc hien chuyen de. Em xin girl loi cam on sau sic den clic they, co trtrOng dai hoc Thing Long di ten tinh truyen dot kien thee trong than gian em hoc tap tai inning. NM -mg kien thirc me em nhan dirge tren giartg dui:mg dai hoc se la hanh trang &up em vUng buoy trong Prong lai. Em xin gfri Ibi cam on den gia dinh va ban be, nhettg ngtreri luon b ben em, giim da ye to dieu kien cho em holm thanh chuyen de nay. Ha Nei, ngly 08 thing 07 nim 2013 Sinh vien thtrc hien Phan Trung NghTa 7 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 CHU'ONG I. TONG QUAN YE MANG MANET 1.1. Gifri thieu Cac thiet bi di dOng nhu cac may tinh xach tay, vbi dac tnmg la cong suit CPU, b0 nh6 km, dung lin;mg dia hang tram gigabyte, !chi nang am thanh da phucmg tier' va man hinh man da tr6 nen phO bien trong dbi song hang ngay va trong cong viec. Ding thin, cac yeu cau ket nOi mang de sir dung cac thiet hi di dOng gia tang din ke, bao gOm viec hi trq cac sari phim mong v8 tuyen dtra tat v8 tuyen hoac hOng ngoai ngay can nhieu. Vei kieu thiet bi dien toan di dOng nay, thi gift nhang ngubi sir dung di dung luon mong muOn c6 su chia se thong tin. Met mang thy bien la met tOp hqp cac thiet hi di dOng hinh thanh nen met mang tom thin ma {thong can str trq &Op cua bit kj, sr quart 15, top trung hoac cac dich vu ho trq chuan nao dun:mg co ten mpg dien rOng ma a d6 cac thiet bi di dOng co the ket not duqc. Cac node duqc to do di chuyen va thiet 10p no thy Sr. Do do, topo mang khong day co the thay dOi met each nhanh chong va !thong the du bao. Hinh 1.1: M6 hinh mot mgng MANET 8 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 1.2. Ljch sir Nguyen 1Y lam viec caa mang Adhoc bit nguOn tir nrun 1968 khi ck mang ALOHA ductc thvc hien. Tuy the tram lam viec la c6 djnh nhtmg giao thirc ALOHA da thvc hien viec quern ly truy cap kenh truyen dm% dang phan tan, day la co sir ly thuyet de phit trien ky thuot truy cop kenh phan tan vao mang Adhoc. Nam 1973 to chirc DARPA di bit du lam viec tren mang vo tuyen g6i tin PRnet. Day la mang vo tuyen g6i tin da chang dAu tien. Trong d6 cic node kip tic veri nhau de girl dU lieu ten mOt node nim a xa khu vvc ket not th6ng qua mOt node khic. N6 cung cap co the cho viec quern ly hoat Ong tren co sir tap trung va phan tan. MOt lqi diem dm lam viec da chang so yeti don ching la triAn Thai da chang tho thuon lqi cho viec dung lai tai nguyen kenh truyen ve ca khong gian, thin gian va giam ning Itging phit can thiet. Sau d6 co nhieu mang v6 tuyen ea tin phat trim nhtmg cic hg thOng khong day nay van chin bao gia tai thy ngtrai dung cho den khi chuan 802.11 ra IEEE di dOi ten mang vo tuyen gin tin thanh mang Adhoc. 1.3. irng dyng Quilt; Hogt dOng phi tap trung ciut mpg Adhoc va khong phi thuOc vio co so ha tang mang la mOt yeu to thiet yeu doi yeti vvc quern sv, nhat la trong the tithing hqp chien kh6c lief citc co se ha tang mang bj phi hity. Lk nay mang , Adhoc la Iva chqn s6 mOt de cac thiet bj truyen thong lien lac yen nhau *it each nhanh chimg. Truying hpc: Chung ta cling co the thiet lap cic mang Adhoc trong true:mg hoc, lop hoc, thu vien, san truing,... de ket not the thiet bj di dOng (laptop, smartphone) lai yeti nhau, giup sinh vien, they co giio c6 the trao dal bai mOt each nhanh cheong thong qua mang adhoc vira tho. Gia clink: Tai nha ban co the tao nhanh mang Adhoc de ket nil the thiet bj di dOng dm ban yeti nhau, nher d6 ta co the di chuyen ttr do ma van dam him kat not truyen taidfr Kit net ccic thiit bj din ni vbi nhau: Trong nhltng nam ten khi ma cic thiet bj din tir deu duqc gin clic giao tiep khong day, glop chting c6 the trao d6i giao tiap 9 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 voi nhau thi mpg Adhoc se rat phu hqp de tp nen mOt he th6ng thong mirth co kha flan lien ket yeti nhau. 1.4. Clic d$c dam ctia mang MANET Thiet bj t r tri dau cu & . (Autonomous terminal): trong MANET, mOi thiet bj di dOng diu cuOi la mOt node tv tri. NO c6 the mang chirc niing cita host va router. Ben canh kha rang xir 15, cc ban ctia mOt host, et node di Ong nay c6 the chuyen d6i chfre nang nhu met router. Vi vOy thiet bj du emit va chuyen mach la khong the phan biet ductc trong mpg MANET. Hoot &Ong phan tan (Distributed operation): vi khong c6 he then mpg ha tang cho ten tam kiem soat hot dung dui mpg nen vied kiem soat va quan ly ho#t dOng ciut mang duqc chia cho cac thiet bi dau cuOi. Cac node trong MANET doi h6i phai c6 sv cong tic yeti nhau. Khi can thiet cac node hog Ong nhu mtjt relay de thvc hien chat 'tang cita minh. Vi dv nhu djnh tuyen va bio mitt. Dinh tuyen da chtemg (Muftihop):thusia town di/1h tuyen kh6ng day co ban co the (filth tuyen mOt chong va nhieu ch(ing dva vio the thuOc firth lien ket khac nhau va giao thlic djnh tuyen. Singlehop MANET den gian hen multihop a van de cAu true VI thvc hien vei chi phi thip hen, it ling dung. Khi truyen cac gei dfr lieu tir nguOn den dich trong phiun vi truyen tai true tiep kh8ng day, cac goi du lieu se ductc chuyen tiep qua mOt hok nhieu nut trung gian. Topo wing dOng (Dynamic network topology): vi cac node la di dOng nen au true mpg eel the thay &it nhanh va kh8ng biet twee, cac ket not giara cac thiet bi c6 the thay del theo th&i gian. MANET se thich img tuyen va dieu kien Ian truyen giOng nhu nniu di dOng va the node mpg di dOng. Cie node trong mang thiet lop djnh tuyen dung v6i nhau khi chimg di chuyen, hinh thanh mang rieng dui cheng. Han nita mOt nguari dfing trong MANET co the khong chi hog gong trong mang ken di dOng d#c biet, ma con c6 the yeu au truy cep vio mpg cong cong nhu Internet. Giao dOng ve dung lutmg lien kit (Fluctuating link capacity): ban chat ti le Mt bit cao dui ket not khong day an quan tarn trong mpg MANET. Ket not tir dau emit nay den du cuOi kia co the duqc this se qua mot vai ch#ng. Keith giao tit? a 10 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 dau cuOi chju inh hoeing dm nhieu, hieu img da dubng, sg giao thoa, va bang th8ng clut no it hon so vol mpg co day. Trong mot vai tinh hueing, truy cep cua hai nguai dung co the qua nhieu lien ket khong day vi the lien ket nay co the khong dOng nhAt. rdi uu hoa cho thiet bf dint mai (light-weight terminals):trong hAu het cac twang hgp cac node mpg MANET la thiet bi dau cu6i vat toe de xir 15, curt CPU thip, b0 nhe it va ltru ter dien nang it. Vi v3y an phai tOi tru hem cac thuet man va car che. 1.5. Kieu kit ntii va chi (10 host dOng 1.5.1. Cic kieu ket not topo mpog a) Along may cha di Ong CS topo nay cac thiet bi chi lien ket voi met may chit duy that, cac thiet bi lien kat yen may chit --W.--- tan mit% aware au Maps Hinh 1.2: Mang may chn di tong 11 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 b) Mgng c6 cac thiit tn di Jong khong clang nhiit topo nay cac may co the lien ket trip tiep yeti nhau trong pham vi phi song cua minh. S Hinh 1.3: Mgng cac that obi di Ong khong dung nhiit 1.5.2. Che dq hoat Ong a) Chi dO IEEE-Adhoc the do nay the node di Ong truyen thong true tiep yea nhau ma kh8ng an co so tang, cac lien ket !thong thuc hien qua nhieu cheng. Hinh 1.4: Chi dO IEEE-Adhoc 12 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 b) Chi do co so. ha king Che do nay mpg bao gom the diem truy cep AP c6 djnh va cac node di dOng tham gia vao mang, dive hien truyen thong qua the diem truy cep. Cac lien kit có the thwc hien qua nhieu chAng v the dO My. Binh 1.5: Chi do hg tang 1.6. Phan loni MANET 1.6.1. Theo giao thin a) Single-hop Mpg MANET djnh tuyen Singel-hop 11 logi mpg adhoc don gifin nhAt. Trong do, tat ca cac node deu nim trong tang met yang pith song, nghin la the node co the ket not nye tiep yeti nhau ma kung can node Ming gian.Ctic node có the di chuyen ty do nhtmg chi trong phqm vi nhAt djnh du de the node lien ket trkrc tiep yeti cac node khic trong mang. 13 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 Hinh 1.6: Giao thee don bribe b) Multi-hop Day la me hit ph6 Bien nhat trong mpg MANET, no khic vai mo hinh trate la cac node co the ket not vm cac node Mt trong mang ma co the 'thong can ket not tnrc tiep sten nhau. Cie node c6 the djnh tuyen yen cac node khfic thong qua cac node trung gian trong mang. De mo hinh nay host dOng mot each hoin him thi can phai c6 giao thfrc djnh tuyen phu hop vei mo hinh mpg MANET. Hinh 1.7: Giao thee da bribe 14 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Tnmg Nghia A08348 c) Mobile Multihop Me hinh nay cling tuang nr vei mo hinh multi-hop nhung sv khfic biet a day la mo hinh nay tap trung vao the ling ding co tinh chat thin gian thvc: audio, video. 1.6.2. Theo chile ning a) Mgng MANET cldng cap (Flat) Trong kien true nay tit ca the node co vai fro ngang hang yen nhau (peer to peer) va cac node d6ng vai tr6 nhu cac router dinh tuyen de lieu g6i tren mpg. Trong nhOmg mpg Ion thi eau true Flat Wang to:Si uu hea viec se ding tai nguyen bring thong dm mpg vi rilang tin dieu khien phai truyen tren toitn be mpg. N6 thich hqp yen nhemg topo co the node di chuyen nhieu. b) Mgng MANET pluin cap (Hierarchical) Day la mo hinh sir dgng phi) bien 'that. Trong mo hinh nay thi mang chia thimh cac domain, trong mei domain bao gem met ho4c nhieu cluster mei cluster Chia thanh nhieu node. CO hai logi node lit master node va normal node. Master node 11 node quitn trj co nhiem vu truyen du lieu dm the node trong ding cluster den cac node trong cluster khic va ngugc Igi, not each khic no nhu met gateway. Normal node la cac node nam trong cling met cluster. NO co the kat nOi yeti cac node trong cluster hoac ket Wri cluster lchfic thong qua Master node. Vei cac co the tren, mpg sir dung tai nguyen bang thong hieu qui bon vi cac tin Stan chi phai truyen trong met cluster. Tuy nhien vier quan 15, firth chuyen deng cua cac node tre n'en phirc tap hon. Kien true m(mg phan cap thich hqp cho cac mang co firth chuyen deng thip. 15 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 Hinh 1.8: Mang MANET phan cap c) Mang MANET kit hqp (Aggregate) m6 hinh nay met mang gem nhieu Wing (zone), met Wing g6m nhieu node. M8i node bao gOm hai mix topo: topo mac thitp (node level), va topo mat cao (zone level).MOi node dic trung bin: node ID va zone ID. Trong met zone c6 the tip dung kien true ding cap hoc phan cep. Hinh 1.9: Mang MANET kit hqp 16 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 1.7. Wet lu#n Chuang nay cung cap nhOng kien thic tong quan ye ming thy bien adhoc not chung vi ming MANET not rieng, tir cac doe diem, cite kieu ket not Ara the dO hog clOng, phan !oil dira UM' mOt set giao thfrc vi chire nitng lam ca so cho cac nOi dung trong chuang sau. CHIJONG II. DJNHTUYEN VA CAC DE DQA BAO MAT TRONG MANET 2.1. Viin de djnh tuyen trong mting MANET 2.1.1. Cac think toin djnh tuyen truyen thOng Cie giao thus djnh tuyen truyen thing sir ding hai giiti thuot: • Distance Vector: RIP, IGRP,... Nguyen tic hog dOng: mr3i router se giri bang djnh tuyen cis minh cho tat ca cac router dirge not trite tiep veri no. Cie router de so sanh yeti bang djnh tuyen ma minh hien co va Iciem tra Iai cac tuyen duemg dm mirth veti cac tuyen duang meri diem dirge, tuyen duong nao tei tm han se dirge dim vao bang djnh tuyen. Cie goi tin cap nhit se dirge giri theo djnh IcS , (30 gitly yeti RIP ,90 giay cleti yeti IGRP) ciu hinh, router khong phiti xir 15, nhieu nen khong Mn UV diem: nhieu dung lircmg130 nher WI CPU co hie do xit ly nhanh han. Nhugc diem: he thong metric qua don glen (nhu Rip chi la hop-count ) din den vier cac tuyen dtrimg dirge chgn vao bang dinh tuyen chtra phai tuyen duang tot nhit.Vi cac gig tin cep nhit dirge girl theo dinh 16 , nen met lugng Wing th8ng ding ke se IA chiem. Do router hOi tit chum, din den vise sai lech trong bang din!' tuyen gay nen hien tugng yang lOp (loop). a • Link State: OSPF, IS-IS Nguyen tic hoot dOng: cac router khong gin bang djnh tuyen ciut minh, ma chi giri tinh trong ctia cac dyeing lien ket trong ca sir dir lieu trong thii lien ket (linkstate-database) dm minh di cho eke router khac, cac router se ap dung giiti 17 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nghia A08348 thuat SPF, to xay dung bang (firth tuyen rieng cho minh. Khi mpg a hiji At, the giao thirc Link state g kh8ng giri 4p nhat djnh IcY ma chi giri khi nao 6 su thay d6i trong mpg (1 dubng bj down , can six dung throng du phi:mg). Uu diem: co the thich nghi duqc yeti da so hg th6ng, cho phep nguiri thiet ke co the thiet ke mang Iinh host, phial Ong nhanh v6i tinh huOng xay ra.Do khOng giri cap nhat djnh Icy nhu Distance Vector, nen Link State blo dam duce bang thong cho the duCmg mang. Nhtrqc diem:do router phai xir ly nhieu, nen chiem nhieu b0 nha, t6c dO CPU cham hcm nen tang dO tre.Viec sir dung cac giao thirc djnh tuyen truyen thOng trong mang MANET se din den rat nhieu van de fro ngai can gnu quyet. ✓ Tieu ten nang luqng nguen nuoi cho the cap nhap djnh IcY nhu trong giao thirc djnh tuyen Distance Vector. ✓ Tieu ton bang thong mang cho cac cap nhap dinh ✓ Lam qua tai b0 vi xir ly elm thiet bj: khi the th8ng tin cap nhat, so node mpg tang len. ✓ To ra nhieu dtrang di du thira. 2.1.2. Cu yeu cau chinh dig vai viec djnb twin trong mung MANET Cac giao thirc djnh tuyen trong mang MANET an dam bao: • khi the node mang di chuyen Thich ang nhanh khi topo »King thay nhanh, yeu cau ket n6i tang len thi the giao thirc host diang theo ca cha t tiep can top trong se giam hieu qua r6 rut do phai Mn nhieu thei gian de thu thop thong tin ye trang thin hien tai va phat tan Iii n6. Trong khi do cAu hinh mang co the di thay d6i khac di risi. • Dam bao hieu qucitrong mai trufmg truyen khi cac node clang yen: lac nay topo mpg IA c6 djnh kh6ng thay d6i nen the giao thirc djnh tuytm chi can giri cac cap nhat khi co yeu cliu hoik mang thay dOi nhu viec miat node nao de tit ket nei. can ngan chan hien tucmg nay, bai vi khi do the • Khong có lap dinh goi tin bj djnh tuyen sai, din den viec hi truyen quay wing lien tuc trong 18 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Phan Trung Nglea A08348 mot so ket nal mang, kb& cho bang thong mang va cac tai nguyen !chic nhu nthg Krung nguan nu8i bj tieu tan vet ich. • Bdo men: viec djnh tuyen trong mpg MANET co nguy ca bj tan ding ding bang cac phuang phap nhu xam nh(ip dubng truyen, phitt lai, thay dai cac gai tin tieu de, dieu hut:mg the thong diep djnh tuyen. Do do khi thiet ke cac giao that djnh tuyen can phai co phtumg phip phit hien dirge vi ngan than cac lo3i ten cong. a 2.1.3. Plan lospi the kg Mutt djnh tuyen a) Link state vin Distance vector Thucit tocin djnh twin vector khocing cach(distance-vector routing protocols) Thujt total nay dung thuat tom Bellman-Ford, trong do chi djnh mot con se, gqi la chi phi (hay trung s6), cho mai mot lien ket gith cac node trong mang. Cac node se girl thong tin ve dubng di tir diem A den diem B qua the duang truyen (ket n6i) mang Iii tang chi phi thip nhit (la tang cac chi phi ctia cac ket nai gift the node dirge dung). Thuat tofu' hoot don veri nheng himh dthg rat dun gem. Khi mot node lcheri dOng Ian du, no chi biet the node ke Uwe tiep yeti no, vi chi phi true tiep de di den do (thong tin gam: dank sach cue the dich, tong chi phi den tang dich va buck ke tiep de girt de lieu den do to nen bang djnh tuyen, hay bang khoing each). Mai node, trong mot tien trinh, girl den tirng "hang xem" ding chi phi dm no de di den cac dich ma no biet. Cac nodehang x6m phan tich thong tin My, va so sanh veri nhemg thong tin ma chimg dang "biet"; bat IcY dieu gi cal thin doge nhang thong tin cluingdang co se dirge due vao cac bang djnh tuyen cue nhimg hang xem nay. Den khi ket dine, tat ca node tren mpg se tim ra buerc truyen ke tiep nit tru den tat ca mui dich, va tong chi phi tin nhat. Khi mot trong the node gap van de, Meng node !chic co sir dung node hong nay trong 10 trinh cita mink se loci be nheng 10 trinh de, va to nen thong tin men dm bang djnh tuyen. Sau do cluing chuyen thong tin nay den tat ca nut gait ke va lap lid qui frith tren. Cu& ding, tat ca node tren 19 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com
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