/Ӡ,1Ï,ĈҪ8
1Jj\QD\,QWHUQHWÿmWUӣWKjQKPӝWQKXFҫXWKLӃW\ӃXJL~SPӑLQJѭӡLӣEҩW
FӭÿkXWUrQ WKӃJLӟLFyWKӇJLDRWLӃSWUDRÿәLKӑFWұSPXDVҳPJLҧLWUt« GӉGjQJ
QKDQKFKyQJ ĈLFQJ YӟLVӵSKiWWULӇQÿy Oj \rX FҫXEăQJ WK{QJQJj\PӝWFDR. &iF
GӏFK Yө \rX FҫX EăQJ WK{QJ OӟQ QJj\ FjQJ SKә ELӃQ QKѭ ,379 YLGHR WUӵF WX\ӃQ
VoD, Game Online, Hosting Server, VPN, IP Camera, VoIPKӝLQJKӏWUX\ӅQKuQK
TXDPҥQJ. HLӋQQD\FiSTXDQJÿѭӧFVӱGөQJ UҩWUӝQJUmL Yj FKtQKOjJLҧLSKiSÿӇ
ÿiSӭQJQKӳQJ\rXFҫXÿy - FiSTXDQJFKtQKOjOӵDFKӑQÿҫXWLrQFKRYLӋFWULӇQNKDL
KҥWҫQJPҥQJÿzLKӓLQKLӅXEăQJWK{QJYjWӕFÿӝFDR 1KѭQJ QKӳQJQăPJҫQÿk\
YӟL Vӵ SKiW WULӇQ NK{QJ QJӯQJ FӫD Nӻ WKXұW F{QJ QJKӋ QyL FKXQJ Yj F{QJ QJKLӋS
FKӃWҥRVӧLTXDQJ QyLULrQJ YӅFѫEҧQ, VӧLTXDQJWKѭӡQJÿm WLӃQ JҫQWӟLWLӋPFұQ
JLӟLKҥQFӫDQy9uWKӃVӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇPCFs YӟLQKLӅXѭXÿLӇPYӅWӕFÿӝEăQJ
WK{QJ NKҧ QăQJ XӕQ FRQJ WiQ VҳF WKҩS « FKtQK Oj F{QJ QJKӋ VӧL TXDQJ WKD\ WKӃ
FKRVӧLTXDQJKLӋQWҥL
6ӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇ3&)VOjPӝWÿӅWjLUҩWUӝQJYuWKӃWURQJÿӗiQFӫDPuQK
HPFKӍWұSWUXQJYjRVӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇO}LFKLӃWVXҩWFDRFyFiFOӛNKtVҳS[ӃSWKHR
FҩXWU~FFҥQKĈk\OjPӝWWURQJQKӳQJORҥLVӧL3&)VÿҫXWLrQYjFѫEҧQQKҩWWX\
QKLrQYүQFyQKӳQJWtQKFKҩWÿһFWUѭQJYjÿӝFÿiRULrQJ&KѭѫQJFXӕLFQJFӫDÿӗ
iQHPVӁWUuQKEj\FiFNӃWTXҧWKLӃWNӃYjP{SKӓQJVӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇFӫDHPVӱ
GөQJFKѭѫQJWUuQKP{SKӓQJ$3667URQJÿӗiQHPÿmFӕJҳQJWUuQKEj\PӝWFiFK
ÿҫ\ÿӫYjQJҳQJӑQQKҩWQKӳQJÿһFÿLӇPFѫEҧQQKҩWFӫDVӧL3&)V7X\QKLrQGR
NKҧQăQJKҥQFKӃWKӡLJLDQFyKҥQKѫQQӳDÿk\OҥLOjPӝWÿӅWjLUҩWPӟLYjFzQUҩW
QKLӅXSKҫQÿDQJWURQJTXiWUuQKQJKLrQFӭXQrQNK{QJWKӇWUiQKNKӓLQKӳQJWKLӃX
VyW(PUҩWPRQJTXêWKҫ\F{YjFiFEҥQÿyQJJySYjFKӍEҧR
&XӕL FQJ HP [LQ JӱL OӡL FҧP ѫQ VkX VҳF WӟL WKҫ\ JLiR 7LӃQ Vƭ 1JX\ӉQ
+RjQJ+ҧLÿmKѭӟQJGүQWұQWuQKHPWURQJTXiWUuQKOjPÿӗiQYjFXQJFҩSFKѭѫQJ
WUuQKWKLӃWNӃYjP{SKӓQJÿӇHPFyWKӇKRjQWKjQKWӕWÿӗiQQj\
+j1ӝL, QJj\WKiQJQăP
+RjQJ7XҩQ9LӋW
[email protected]
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
1
7Ï07Ҳ7ĈӖÈ1
6ӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇ3&)VOjORҥLVӧLTXDQJ PӟLGӵDWUrQWtQKFKҩWFӫDFiF
WLQKWKӇTXDQJ3&FyNKҧQăQJJLӟLKҥQiQKiQJWURQJYQJO}LFӫDVӧLPjÿLӅX
Qj\OjNK{QJWKӇÿӕL YӟLFiFVӧLTXDQJWK{QJWKѭӡQJ 0ӝWVӧL3&)VFѫEҧQOjVӧL
TXDQJKӧSFKҩWVLOLFDFyQKӳQJOӛNKtFKҥ\VRQJVRQJYӟLWUөFFӫDVӧL.K{QJJLӕQJ
QKѭQKӳQJVӧLTXDQJWK{QJWKѭӡQJO}LYj YQJSKҧQ[ҥFODGGLQJFӫD3&)OjP
FNJQJ Wӯ PӝW YұW OLӋX Yj PӑL WtQK FKҩW FӫD 3&) ÿӅX EҳW QJXӗQ Wӯ Vӵ Fy PһW FӫD
QKӳQJ Oӛ NKt Qj\ 'R Vӵ ÿD GҥQJ WURQJ FiFK VҳS [ӃS FiF Oӛ NKt QrQ 3&)V Fy NKҧ
QăQJ ÿLӅX NKLӇQ PҥQK Vӵ SKҧQ [ҥ iQK ViQJ JLӳD O}L Yj FiF WLQK WKӇ TXDQJ WURQJ
YQJFODGGLQJÿӗQJWKӡLFyWKӇFy UҩWQKLӅXWtQKFKҩWTXDQJÿӝFÿiR3&)VQJRjL
Fy FiFttQKFKҩW FѫEҧQFӫDVӧLTXDQJWK{QJWKѭӡQJQyFzQFyUҩWQKLӅXWtQKFKҩW
PӟLPjWURQJÿyFyQKLӅXWtQKFKҩWÿһFELӋWNK{QJFyӣFiVӧLTXDQJWKѭӡQJ3&)s
YӟLQKLӅXѭXÿLӇPYӅWӕFÿӝEăQJWK{QJNKҧQăQJXӕQFRQJWiQVҳFWKҩS« FNJQJ
QKӳQJ WtQK FKҩW PӟL QKѭ OX{Q OX{Q Oj ÿѫQ PRGH Fy WKӇ Oj SKL WX\ӃQ, FKrQK OӋFK
FKLӃW VXҩW WKҩS Fy NKҧ QăQJ GX\ WUu Vӵ SKkQ FӵF« FKtQK Oj F{QJ QJKӋ VӧL TXDQJ
WKD\ WKӃ FKR VӧL TXDQJ KLӋQ WҥL +LӋQ QD\ WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL ÿm Fy WKӇ VҧQ VXҩW FiF VӧL
PCFs FyFKLӅXGjLOӟQYjVX\KDRUҩWWKҩS
6ӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇFyWKӇÿѭӧFFKLDOjPORҥLOӟQVӧLFyO}LFKLӃWVXҩWFDR
YjVӧLFyO}LFKLӃWVXҩWWKҩS7URQJSKҥPYLÿӗiQQj\HP[LQSKpSWUuQKEj\YӅVӧL
FyO}LFKLӃWVXҩWFDRYuÿk\OjORҥL3&)VPjFK~QJHPWuPKLӇXP{SKӓQJYjWKLӃW
NӃNKLVӱGөQJFKѭѫQJWUuQKP{SKӓQJ$366
6ӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇFyO}LFKLӃWVXҩWFDRWKѭӡQJFyO}LÿһFYjVӱGөQJFiFYұW
OLӋXFKѭDSKDWҥSNKӳQJWtQKFKҩWҧQKKѭӡQJWӟLVӵSKҧQ[ҥFӫDVӧLWKѭӡQJOjGR
FiFOӛ NKtFiFOӛ NKtÿѭӧF VҳS[ӃSWKHRUҩWQKLӅXFҩXWU~FWKHRQKӳQJKuQK NKiF
QKDXQKѭO~FJLiFEiWJLiFWKұSQKӏJLiFWKHRQKLӅXFKLӅXNKiFQKDXQKѭFKLӅX
FKLӅXFKLӅX0ӛLVӵVҳS[ӃSNKiFQKDXYӅKuQKYӅNtFKWKѭӟFÿѭӡQJNtQKOӛ
NKt YӅ NKRҧQJ FiFK JLӳD FiF Oӛ NKt« FӫD FiF Oӛ NKt VӁ OjP VӧL Fy FiF WtQK FKҩW
NKiFQKDXYӟLPӝWVӵVҳS[ӃSKӧSOêVӁFyWKӇOjPVӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇFyFiFWtQK
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
2
FKҩWÿһFELӋW TURQJSKҫQP{SKӓQJFӫDÿӗiQQj\HPÿmP{SKӓQJVӕPүXVӧL
3&)VFyFiFOӛNKtVҳS[ӃSWKHRFҩXWU~FOөFJLiF.
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
3
ABSTRACT
PCF, photonic crystal fiber, is a new kind of optical fiber created basing on
WKH QRWLRQ WKDW 3& FDQ FRQVWUDLQ WKH OLJKW ZLWKLQ WKH ILEHU¶V FRUH ZKLFK PD\ EH
impossible for conventional fiber. Basically, a PCF is a photosynthetic fiber
composing of silica with air holes parallel to its axles. Unlike conventional fiber, the
core and cladding areas of PCFs are made of the same material and it is the air holes
that make PCF totally different from other kind of fiber. The variety in the way
these air holes are arranged enables PCF to control well the reflection of light
between its core and optical crystals within cladding areas and bring about many
amazing optical properties as well. Besides the basic properties similar to
conventional fiber, PCF possesses a number of distinguished ones such as better
speed, bandwidth, and ability to be bent, low level of dispersion, etc. Also, PCF can
be in endlesslly single mode, be linear or not, having low differential index, and be
able to maintain the polarization. All of these superiorities make PCF the potential
substitute for conventional fibers today. At the moment, PCF can be produced with
great length and at low depreciation levels.
There are two main types of PCF: high-index core fiber and low-index core
fiber. In this project, I will focus primarily on high-index core fiber, the one our
group has done a lot of research on, reproduced and designed using APSS program.
This kind of PCF often has solid core and is composed of pure, not mixed materials.
The degree of reflection for conventional fiber is affected by various ordering
PDQQHUVRIDLUKROHVHLWKHUDFFRUGLQJWRDFHUWDLQIRUPKH[DJRQDORFWDJRQDO«RU
a certain direction (one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional). The
difference in the way air holes are ordered creates the differences in the properties
of each kind of fibers. A reasonable way of ordering them can produce a PCF with
excellent properties. Some samples of PCF with air holes arranged into hexagonal
form were imitated in this project (please refer to Reproducing part for more
details).
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
4
0Ө&/Ө&
LӠ,1Ï,ĈҪU .................................................................................................................. 1
7Ï07Ҳ7ĈӖ È1............................................................................................................ 2
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... 4
MӨC LӨC ........................................................................................................................ 5
'$1+6È&++Î1+9Ӏ................................................................................................... 8
'$1+6È&+%ҦNG BIӆU............................................................................................ 10
'$1+6È&+&È&7Ӯ VIӂT TҲT ................................................................................ 11
PHҪN MӢ ĈҪU............................................................................................................. 12
CHѬѪNG 1 - Lé7+8<ӂT TӘNG QUAN Vӄ SӦI QUANG.................................... 13
1.1 Nhu cҫXEăQJWK{QJUӝng hiӋn nay ......................................................................... 13
1.2 Giӟi thiӋu chung vӅ sӧi quang................................................................................ 15
1.2.1 Lӏch sӱ SKiWWULӇn sӧi quang ............................................................................ 16
ѬXÿLӇm cӫa sӧi quang.................................................................................... 17
1.3 Sӵ truyӅQVyQJiQKViQJWURQJVӧi quang ............................................................... 19
1JX\rQOêWUX\Ӆn dүn ...................................................................................... 20
1.3.2 SӧLTXDQJYjFiFPRGHWUX\Ӆn dүn .................................................................. 21
&iFSKѭѫQJWUuQK0D[ZHOO.............................................................................. 23
&iFSKѭѫQJWUuQKGүQVyQJ.............................................................................. 24
6X\KDRYjFiFQJX\rQQKkQJk\VX\KDRWURQJVӧi quang ...................................... 24
1.4.1: Suy hao hҩp thө ............................................................................................. 24
1.4.1.1 Sӵ hҩp thө cӫDFiFWҥp chҩt kim loҥi ......................................................... 24
1.4.1.2 Sӵ hҩp thө cӫa ion OH: ............................................................................ 25
1.4.1.3 Sӵ hҩp thө bҵng tia cӵFWtPYjKӗng ngoҥi: .............................................. 26
1.4.2 Suy hao do uӕn cong....................................................................................... 26
6X\KDRGRWiQ[ҥ............................................................................................ 26
7iQ[ҥ Rayleigh: ...................................................................................... 26
7iQ[ҥ do mһWSKkQFiFKJLӳDO}LYjOӟSNK{QJ KRjQKҧo ......................... 27
7iQVҳc trong sӧi quang ......................................................................................... 28
1.5.1 HiӋQWѭӧQJQJX\rQQKkQYjҧQKKѭӣng cӫDWiQVҳc ........................................ 28
&iFORҥLWiQVҳc ............................................................................................... 29
7iQVҳc vұt liӋu (material dispersion) ....................................................... 30
7iQVҳc dүQVyQJZDYHJXLGHGLVSHUVLRQ ................................................. 31
7iQVҳFÿѫQVҳc (chromatic dispersion) .................................................... 32
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
5
7iQVҳc mode (mode dispersion) .............................................................. 32
1.6 SӧLÿѫQPRGHYjÿDPRGH..................................................................................... 32
1.6.1 SӧLÿѫQPRGH606LQJOH0RGH ................................................................... 32
1.6.2 SӧLÿDPRGH000XOWL0RGH ..................................................................... 33
7¬,/,ӊU THAM KHҦ2&+ѬѪ1* ....................................................................... 35
CHѬѪNG 2 - SӦI QUANG TINH THӆ (PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER).............. 36
2.1 Giӟi thiӋu sӧi quang tinh thӇ PCF .......................................................................... 36
ĈӏQKQJKƭD ...................................................................................................... 36
2.1.2 Lӏch sӱ............................................................................................................ 37
3KkQORҥLYjWtQKFKҩt mӟi cӫa PCFs ...................................................................... 42
3KkQORҥi ......................................................................................................... 42
2.2.2 Mӝt sӕ WtQKFKҩt mӟi cӫa PCFs........................................................................ 43
27tQKFKҩt cӫa sӧi quang tinh thӇ FyO}LFKLӃt suҩt cao ............................................. 44
7tQKFKҩt cӫa sӧi quang tinh thӇ FyO}LFKLӃt suҩt cao vӟLFiFOӛ NKtVҳp xӃSFy
cҩXWU~F.................................................................................................................... 46
ĈѭӡQJÿһFWtQKGȁ .................................................................................. 47
7tQKFKҩWQJѭӥng ..................................................................................... 49
2.3.1.3 Suy hao do uӕn cong cӫa PCFs l}LFKLӃt suҩt cao...................................... 53
7iQVҳc..................................................................................................... 55
7¬,/,ӊU THAM KHҦ2&+ѬѪ1* ....................................................................... 57
CHѬѪNG 3 - PHҪN Mӄ00Ð3+ӒNG APSS ......................................................... 58
(APOLLO PHOTONIC SOLUTIONS SUITE) ........................................................... 58
3.1 Giӟi thiӋXFiFѭXÿLӇm cӫa phҫn mӅPP{SKӓngAPSS.......................................... 58
&iFWtQKQăQJFKtQKFӫD$366SKLrQEҧn 2.04 ....................................................... 59
3.2.1 ChӭFQăQJQәi bұt cӫD$366SKLrQEҧn 2.04 ................................................... 59
3.2.2 ChӭFQăQJKѫQKҷn cӫa APSS......................................................................... 60
3.3 ThiӃt kӃ vӟi APSS ................................................................................................. 61
3.3.1 Khӣi tҥo project vұt liӋu .................................................................................. 62
3.3.2 Khӣi tҥo project waveguide............................................................................. 64
3.3.3 Chҥ\P{SKӓng............................................................................................... 68
4XiWUuQKFKҥ\P{SKӓng ................................................................................ 73
3.4 KӃt quҧ P{SKӓng.................................................................................................. 74
3.4.1 Phә iQKViQJ ................................................................................................... 74
Ĉӝ WiQVҳc ....................................................................................................... 77
3.4.3 DiӋQWtFK hiӋu dөng ......................................................................................... 79
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
6
7¬,/,ӊU THAM KHҦ2&+ѬѪ1* ....................................................................... 80
CHѬѪNG 4 - THIӂT Kӂ SӦ,3&)V/®,&+,ӂT SUҨ7&$2&Ï&È&/Ӛ .+Ë
SҲP XӂP THEO CҨ875Ò&/Ө&*,È& .................................................................. 81
4.1 Mүu 1 .................................................................................................................... 83
+uQKGҥQJNtFKWKѭӟc ..................................................................................... 83
4.1.2
&iFNӃt quҧ P{SKӓng ................................................................................ 84
ĈѭӡQJWiQVҳc .......................................................................................... 84
4.1.2.2 DiӋQWtFKKLӋu dөng .................................................................................. 85
4.1.2.3 Phә iQKViQJ ............................................................................................ 85
4.2 Mүu 2 .................................................................................................................... 87
+uQKGҥQJNtFKWKѭӟc ..................................................................................... 87
&iFNӃt quҧ P{SKӓng..................................................................................... 88
ĈѭӡQJWiQVҳc .......................................................................................... 88
4.2.2.2 DiӋQWtFKKLӋu dөng .................................................................................. 89
4.2.2.3 Phә iQKViQJ ............................................................................................ 89
4.3 Mүu 3 .................................................................................................................... 91
+uQKGҥQJNtFKWKѭӟc ..................................................................................... 91
&iFNӃt quҧ P{SKӓng..................................................................................... 92
ĈѭӡQJWiQVҳc .......................................................................................... 92
4.3.2.2 DiӋQWtFKKLӋu dөng .................................................................................. 93
4.3.2.3 Phә iQKViQJ ............................................................................................ 93
6RViQKFiFPүu .................................................................................................... 95
6RViQKGLӋQWtFKKLӋu dөng............................................................................. 95
6RViQKÿһFWtQKWiQVҳc................................................................................... 95
PHӨ LӨC ....................................................................................................................... 96
PHӨ LӨC1.................................................................................................................. 97
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
7
'$1+6È&++Î1+9Ӏ
+uQK1KXFҫXYӅEăQJWK{QJ,QWHUQHWWURQJQKӳQJQăPJҫQÿk\WKHR,6 7>@ ... 14
+uQK6ѫÿӗ*LJDELW/$1WURQJPӝWWzDQKj>@ ...................................................... 15
+uQK&ҩXWҥRFӫDPӝWVӧLTXDQJWK{QJWKѭӡQJ........................................................... 19
+uQK6ӵSKҧQ[ҥYjNK~F[ҥiQKViQJ ........................................................................ 20
+uQK1JX\rQOêWUX\ӅQGүQiQKViQJWURQJVӧLTXDQJ ................................................ 21
+uQKĈӝKҩSWKөFӫDFiFWҥSFKҩWNLPORҥL ................................................................ 25
+uQK6ӵVX\KDRKҩSWKөFӫDLRQ2+ YӟLQӗQJÿӝ-6) ........................................... 25
+uQK6X\KDRGRWiQ[ҥ5D\OHLJK ............................................................................... 27
+uQKÿѭӡQJÿһFWX\ӃQVX\KDR................................................................................... 27
+uQK&iFORҥLWiQVҳF ............................................................................................... 30
+uQK7iQVҳFFKҩWOLӋXGmodWiQVҳFGүQVyQJGwgYjWiQVҳFWKӇWKD\ÿәL WKHREѭӟF
VyQJ ............................................................................................................................... 31
+uQK7iQVҳFGmodWKD\ÿәLWKHRFKLӃWVXҩW ............................................................ 32
+uQKVӧLÿѫQPRGH .................................................................................................. 33
+uQKVӧLÿDPRGH..................................................................................................... 34
+uQKVӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇ3&)>@.............................................................................. 37
+uQK3&)VWURQJWӵQKLrQ>@ .................................................................................. 38
+uQK0һWFҳWFӫDPүX3&)O}LÿһFÿҫXWLrQFyÿѭӡQJNtQKOӛNKtOjQPYjNKRҧQJ
FiFKJLӳDOӛOLӅQNӅOjȝP>@ .............................................................................. 40
+uQK0һWFҳWVӧL3&)VO}LUӛQJYӟLȁ ȝPYjÿѭӡQJNuQKO}LG ȝP>@.. 40
+uQK0һWFҳWPӝWVӕORҥLVӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇ>@....................................................... 43
+uQK0ӝWVӕGҥQJFҩXWU~FVҳS[ӃSFiFOӛNKtWURQJ3&)V ......................................... 45
+uQK6ӧL3&)VFҩXWU~FOөFJLiFO}LÿһFYӟLFiFWK{QJVӕGȁ ................................... 46
+uQK&ҩXWU~F3&)VO}LÿһFYӟLFiFOӛNKtWKHRFҩXWU~FOөFJLiFGQJVLOLFDWURQJÿy
YzQJOӛNKtSKtDWURQJÿѭӧFWKD\ÿәLWKjQKKuQKrOLS>@ ............................................. 46
+uQK6ӧL3&)VFyOӛNKtVҳS[ӃSWKHRKuQK WDPJLiF>@ ......................................... 47
+uQKĈѭӡQJWҫQVӕÿӏQKPӭFȁȜYӟLVӧL3&)VFyFiFWLQKWKӇTXDQJVҳS[ӃSWKHR
KuQKWDPJLiFYjO}LFKLӃWVXҩWFDRYӟLWӍOӋGȁ >@............................................ 48
+uQKĈѭӡQJWҫQVӕÿӏQKPӭFȁȜYӟLVӧL3&)VFyFiFWLQKWKӇTXDQJVҳS[ӃSWKHR
KuQKWDPJLiFYjO}LFKLӃWVXҩWFDRYӟLWӍOӋGȁ >@.............................................. 50
+uQK+DLPRGHFӫDVӧL3&)VFyFiFWLQKWKӇTXDQJVҳS[ӃSWKHRKuQKWDPJLiFYjO}L
FKLӃWVXҩWFDRYӟLWӍOӋGȁ ӣÿѭӡQJÿӏQKPӭFWҫQVӕȁȜ >@ ...................... 51
+uQK*LiWUӏ9FӫD VӧL3&)VFyFiFWLQKWKӇTXDQJVҳS[ӃSWKHRKuQKWDPJLiFYjO}L
FKLӃWVXҩWFDR>@ ......................................................................................................... 52
+uQK0ӕLTXDQKӋFӫD8eff Yj9eff FӫDVӧL3&)VO}LFKLӃWVXҩWFDR>@................... 52
+uQK6X\KDRGRXӕQFRQJFӫDVӧL3&)VFyFiFWLQKWKӇTXDQJVҳS[ӃSWKHRKuQKWDP
JLiFYjO}LFKLӃWVXҩWFDRNKLFӕÿӏQKȁ P>@ ................................................... 53
HuQK6X\KDRGRXӕQFRQJFӫDVӧL3&)VFyFiFWLQKWKӇTXDQJVҳS[ӃSWKHRKuQKWDP
JLiFYjO}LFKLӃWVXҩWFDRNKLȁFKҥ\WӯWӟLP>@ ................................................. 54
+uQK7iQVҳFFӫDVӧL3&)VFyFiFWLQKWKӇTXDQJVҳS[ӃSWKHRKuQKWDPJLiFYjO}L
FKLӃWVXҩWFDRNKLFӕÿӏQKȁ PWKHRSKѭѫQJSKiSIXOOYHFWRU>@....................... 55
+uQK7iQVҳFFӫDVӧL3&)VFyFiFWLQKWKӇTXDQJVҳS[ӃSWKHRKuQKWDPJLiFYjO}L
FKLӃWVXҩWFDRNKLFӕÿӏQKȁ PWKHRSKѭѫQJSKiSIXOOYHFWRU>@....................... 56
+uQK9tGөYӅP{SKӓQJPҥFKTXDQJWURQJ$366..................................................... 60
+uQK7ҥRSURMHFWYұWOLӋX ........................................................................................... 62
+uQK7KrPYұWOLӋXYjRSURMHFW .................................................................................. 63
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
8
+uQK7ҥRYұWOLӋXPӟL................................................................................................ 64
+uQK.KӣLWҥRSURMHFWZDYHJXLGHPӟL ....................................................................... 65
+uQK&KӑQYұWOLӋXFKRSURMHFWZDYHJXLGH................................................................. 66
+uQK&KӑQORҥLFҩXWU~FFKRSURMHFWZDYHJXLGH ......................................................... 66
+uQK9ӁFiFOӛNKt..................................................................................................... 67
+uQK7KrPYұWOLӋXFKRWӯQJWKjQKSKҫQ ................................................................... 68
+uQK&KӑQYQJFӱDVәFKҥ\P{SKӓQJ ................................................................... 69
+uQK7KLӃWOұSOѭӟLVDLSKkQ..................................................................................... 70
+uQK&KӑQWUөFNK{QJJLDQP{SKӓQJ ..................................................................... 71
+uQKĈһWJLiWUӏFiFÿLӅXNLӋQELrQ ........................................................................... 72
+uQK7Db Advanced Setting ..................................................................................... 73
+uQK4XiWUuQKFKҥ\P{SKӓQJ ................................................................................ 73
+uQKD.ӃWTXҧP{SKӓQJSKәiQKViQJ ................................................................ 74
+uQKE.ӃWTXҧP{SKӓQJSKәiQKViQJ ................................................................ 75
+uQK&iFSKәWKHRFiFJLiWUӏLQLWLDOJXHVV ............................................................... 76
+uQK&ӱDVәNӃWTXҧWiQVҳF ..................................................................................... 77
+uQKĈѭӡQJÿһFWtQKKLӋXGөQJ ............................................................................... 79
+uQK&ҩXWU~FYjTX\ѭӟFNtFKWKѭӟFFiFOӛNKt......................................................... 82
+uQK+uQKGҥQJFҩXWU~FPүX ................................................................................. 83
+uQK+uQKGҥQJFҩXWU~FPүX ................................................................................. 87
+uQK+uQKGҥQJFҩXWU~FPүX ................................................................................. 91
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
9
'$1+6È&+%Ҧ1*%,ӆ8
%ҧQJ&iFYQJEѭӟFVyQJWURQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJWKHR7&1-160:1996......... 20
%ҧQJ&iFVӵNLӋQQәLEұWWURQJTXiWUuQKSKiWWULӇQ3&)V ................................ 41
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
10
'$1+6È&+&È&7Ӯ9,ӂ77Ҳ7
Apollo Photonic Solution
&KѭѫQJWUuQKP{SKӓQJTXDQJFӫD
Suite
Apollo
BPM
Beam Propagation Methods
3KѭѫQJSKiSWUX\ӅQWKHRGzQJ
EIM
Effective Index Method
3KѭѫQJSKiSFKӍVӕKLӋXGөQJ
FD
Finite Difference
6DLSKkQKӳXKҥQ
FDFD
Finite Difference Frequence
3KѭѫQJSKiSVDLSKkQKӳXKҥQPLӅQ
Domain Method
WҫQVӕ
FDM
Finite Difference Method
3KѭѫQJSKiSVDLSKkQKӳXKҥQ
FDTD
Finite Difference Time
3KѭѫQJSKiSVDLSKkQKӳXKҥQPLӅQ
Domain Method
WKӡLJLDQ
FEM
Finite Element Method
3KѭѫQJSKiSSKҫQWӱKӳXKҥQ
FTTH
Fiber To The Home
&iSTXDQJWӟLKӝJLDÿuQK
GI
Graded Index
ChLӃWVXҩWOLrQWөF
MM
Multi Mode
6ӧLTXDQJÿDPRGH
PBG
Photonic Band Gap
PC
Photonic Crystal
7LQKWKӇTXDQJ
PCFs
Photonic Crystal Fibres
6ӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇ
PICs
Photonic Integraded Circuit
0ҥFKWtFKKѫQTXDQJ
SI
Step Index
&KLӃWVXҩWQKҧ\EұF
SIPs
Step-Index Fibres
6ӧLTXDQJFKLӃWVXҩWQKҧ\EұF
SM
Single Mode
6ӧLTXDQJÿѫQPRGH
APSS
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
11
3+Ҫ10ӢĈҪ8
ĈӗiQQrXOrQQKӳQJNLӃQWKӭFWәQJTXDQYӅVӧLTXDQJÿӗQJWKӡLWUӑQJWkP
FӫDÿӗiQWұSWUXQJYjRWLQKFKҩWFӫDVӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇ3&)VPjÿLӇQKuQKOjVӧL
TXDQJWLQKWKӇO}LFKLӃWVXҩWFDRFyFiFOӛNKtVҳS[ӃSWKHRFҩXWU~FOөFJLiF6DXÿy
VӱGөQJQKӳQJNLӃQWKӭFQӅQWҧQJQj\ÿӇiSGөQJWURQJWKLӃWNӃYjP{SKӓQJPӝW
VӕPүXVӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇÿһFELӋW4XiWUuQKWKLӃWNӃYjP{SKӓQJVӱGөQJFKѭѫQJ
WUuQK$366QKӳQJNӃWTXҧP{SKӓQJYjWtQKWRiQÿѭӧFWUuQKEj\YjÿiQKJLiQKҵP
PөFÿtFKJySSKҫQWURQJYLӋFWҥRUDPӝWPүXVӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇWӕWFyWKӇÿѭDYjR
VҧQVXҩWWURQJWKӵFWӃ
ĈӗiQÿѭӧFFKLDOjPFKѭѫQJYjSKҫQSKөOөF
x &KѭѫQJ WUuQK Ej\ QKӳQJ NLӃQ WKӭF WәQJ TXDQ YӅ VӧL TXDQJ EjR JӗP FҩX
WҥRSKkQORҥLYjFiFWLQKFKҩWWUX\ӅQGүQVX\KDRWiQVҳFFӫDVӧLTXDQJ
x &KѭѫQJ WUuQK Ej\ ÿӏQK QJKƭD OӏFK Vӱ SKkQ ORҥL Yj FiF WtQK FKҩW PӟL VӧL
TXDQJWLQKWKӇ3&)VWUӑQJWkPFӫDFKѭѫQJOjJLӟLWKLӋXQrXFiFWtQKFKҩWYj
FiFÿһFWtQKWiQVҳFVX\KDRFӫDVӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇO}LFKLӃWVXҩWFDRFyFiF
OӛNKtVҳS[ӃSWKHRFҩXWU~FOөFJLiF
x &KѭѫQJ JLӟLWKLӋXFKѭѫQJWUuQK P{SKӓQJ YjWKLӃW NӃ$366NqPWKHROj
QKӳQJWUuQKEj\QJҳQ JӑQQKҩW YӅTXiWUuQKWuPKLӇXWKLӃW NӃ Yj P{SKӓQJ
VӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇFӫDWiFJLҧÿӗiQ
x &KѭѫQJ FKѭѫQJ FXӕL FQJ WUuQK Ej\ QKӳQJ NӃW TXҧ ÿҥW ÿѭӧF NKL QJKLrQ
FӭXWKLӃWNӃYjP{SKӓQJVӧLTXDQJWLQKWKӇ
x 3KҫQSKөOөFWUuQKEj\PӝWWURQJQKӳQJSKѭѫQJSKiSÿѫQJLҧQQKҩWYjÿѭӧF
VӱGөQJSKәELӃQQKҩWWURQJTXiWUuQKWtQKWRiQYjP{SKӓQJVӧLTXDQJWLQK
WKӇ Oj SKѭѫQJ SKiS VDL SKkQ KӳX KҥQ ÿӗQJ WKӡL FNJQJ JLӟL WKLӋX SKѭѫQJ
SKiSӭQJGөQJFӫDSKѭѫQJSKiSQj\OjSKѭѫQJSKiSVDLSKkQKӳXKҥQPLӅQ
WҫQVӕYjSKѭѫQJSKiSVDLSKkQKӳXKҥQPLӅQWKӡLJLDQ
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
12
&+ѬѪ1*
1
/é7+8<ӂ77Ә1*48$19ӄ6Ӧ,48$1*
1.1 1KXFҫXEăQJWK{QJUӝQJKLӋQQD\
1Jj\QD\,QWHUQHWÿmWUӣWKjQKPӝWQKXFҫXWKLӃW\ӃXJL~SPӑLQJѭӡLӣNKҳS
QѫLWUrQWKӃJLӟLFyWKӇJLDRWLӃSWUDRÿәLKӑFWұSPXDVҳPJLҧLWUtGӉGjQJ nhanh
FKyQJ &XӝF FҥQK WUDQK JLD WăQJ FKѭD WӯQJ Fy WURQJ FiF WKӏ WUѭӡQJ GӏFK Yө EăQJ
UӝQJÿmEXӝFFiFQKjFXQJFҩSGӏFKYөEăQJUӝQJOұSUDFiFFKLӃQOѭӧFÿӇSKkQSKiW
FiFGӏFK YөÿDQKXFҫX YӟLWKRҥLGӳOLӋX Yj YLGHRÿѭӧFFXQJFҩSFKӍEӣL PӝW NӃW
QӕL GX\ QKҩW 1KӳQJ QăP YӯD TXD NKL ,QWHUQHW Yj ,QWUDQHW ÿm SKiW WULӇQ PҥQK WKu
FiF\rXFҫXÿӕLYӟLFiFӭQJGөQJWұSWUXQJYjREăQJUӝQJFKҷQJKҥQQKѭFKLDVҿ
ILOHQJDQJKjQJYjOjPYLӋFWӯ[DÿmGүQGӃQFiFQKXFҫXNK{QJQJӯQJJLDWăQJYӅ
FXQJFҩSEăQJWK{QJUӝQJKѫQ
&iFӭQJGөQJGӏFKYөWUrQ,QWHUQHWFNJQJQJj\FjQJSKiWWULӇQWKHRÿLӅXQj\
ÿzLKӓLWӕFÿӝEăQJWK{QJNӃWQӕL,QWHUQHWFDRYjFiSTXDQJWUӣWKjQKOӵDFKӑQVӕ
PӝW± JLҧLSKiS FTTH (Fiber To The Home - OjF{QJQJKӋWUX\QKұS,QWHUQHWWӕFÿӝ
cao bҵQJFiSTXDQJPӟLQKҩWWUrQWKӃJLӟLFyWӕFÿӝWUX\QKұS,QWHUQHWFDROrQÿӃQ
*ESVQKDQKJҩSOҫQVRYӟL$'6/)) OjPӝWÿLӇQKuQK
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
1JKLrQFͱXP{SK͗QJYjWKL͇t k͇ sͫL3&)VO}LFKL͇t sṷt cao c̭XWU~F c̩nh
+uQK1KXFҫXYӅEăQJWK{QJ,QWHUQHWWURQJQKӳQJQăPJҫQÿk\WKHRIS&T)
[1.1]
7UѭӟFÿk\FiSTXDQJFKӍGQJÿӇNӃWQӕLFiFÿѭӡQJWUөFFKtQKFӫDTXӕFJLD
QKj FXQJ FҩS GӏFK Yө GRDQK QJKLӋS OӟQ Yu FKL SKt NKi FDR 1KѭQJ KLӋQ QD\ FiS
TXDQJÿѭӧFVӱGөQJNKiUӝQJUmLӣFiFGRDQKQJKLӋSYӯDQKӓFiFWUѭӡQJÿҥLKӑF
YjQJѭӡLVӱGөQJWK{QJWKѭӡQJ GR JLiWKjQK FiSTXDQJ YjFiFSKө NLӋQTXDQJÿm
WKҩSKѫQ&QJYӟLYLӋFӭQJGөQJQKLӅXJLҧLSKiSQKѭ)77+ÿiSӭQJFiFGӏFKYө
OX{QÿzLKӓLPҥQJNӃWQӕLWӕFÿӝFDRQKѭ,379YLGHRWUӵFWX\ӃQ VoD (xem phim
WKHR\rXFҫX, game online, +RVWLQJ6HUYHUULrQJ931PҥQJULrQJҧR JLiPViWWӯ
xa IP Camera, VoIP, hӝLQJKӏWUX\ӅQKuQKTXDPҥQJ (Video Conferrence) NӃWQӕL
YӟLWӕFÿӝ GLJDELW JLӳDFiFWzDQKj WURQJ PҥQJFөFEӝ /$1FiSTXDQJFKtQKOj
OӵDFKӑQÿҫXWLrQ FKRYLӋFWULӇQNKDLKҥWҫQJPҥQJÿzLKӓLQKLӅXEăQJWK{QJYjWӕF
ÿӝ cao.
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
+RjQJ7X̭Q9L͏W± ĈL͏QW͵±
K50
14
1JKLrQFͱXP{SK͗QJYjWKL͇t k͇ sͫL3&)VO}LFKL͇t sṷt cao c̭XWU~F c̩nh
+uQK2 6ѫÿӗGigabit LAN WURQJPӝWWzDQKj [1.2]
1.2 *LӟLWKLӋXchung YӅVӧLTXDQJ
+ӋWKӕQJWK{QJWiQWUX\ӅQWK{QJWLQWӯQѫLQj\ÿӃQQѫLNKiFPjNKRҧQJFiFK
JLӳD FiF QѫL Fy WKӇ Wӯ YjL WUăP PpW WӟL KjQJ WUăP km Yj WKұP FKt WӟL KjQJ FKөF
QJjQNP FKҷQJKҥQQKѭOjFҫQWK{QJWLQTXDFiFÿҥLGѭѫQJ7K{QJWLQFyWKӇÿѭӧF
WUX\ӅQWK{QJTXDFiFVyQJÿLӋQ YӟLFiFGҧLWҫQVӕNKiFQKDXWӯYjL 0+]WӟLKjQJ
WUăP7+]. +ӋWKӕQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJVӯGөQJWҫQVӕVyQJPDQJFDRWURQJYQJQKuQ
WKҩ\KRһFJҫQKӗQJQJRҥLFӫDSKәVyQJÿLӋQWӯ+ӋWKӕQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJVӧL OjKӋ
WKӕQJWK{QJWLQEҵQJiQKViQJYjVӱGөQJFiFVӧLTXDQJÿӇWUX\ӅQWK{QJWLQ7URQJ
QKӳQJ JҫQ ÿk\ FiF KӋ WKӕQJ WK{QJ WLQ TXDQJ VӧL ± KD\ WKѭӡQJ Oj FiF KӅ WKӕQJ
WK{QJ WLQ TXDQJ ± FKtQK Oj FiF KӋ WKӕQJ WK{QJ WLQ FKӫ ÿҥR /j QӅQ WҧQJ FӫD F{QJ
FXӝF KLӋQÿҥLKyDFiFPҥQJOѭӟLYLӉQWK{QJWUrQWKӃJLӟL
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
+RjQJ7X̭Q9L͏W± ĈL͏QW͵±
K50
15
1JKLrQFͱXP{SK͗QJYjWKL͇t k͇ sͫL3&)VO}LFKL͇t sṷt cao c̭XWU~F c̩nh
7UҧL TXD QKLӅX WKӡL Nu SKiW WULӇQ KLӋQ QD\ FiF KӋ WKӕQJ WK{QJ WLQ TXDQJ ÿm
ÿDQJ Yj VӁ Oj FiF KӋ WKӕQJ WK{QJ WLQ WLrQ WLӃQ EұF QKҩW ÿѭӧF WULӇQ NKDL WUrQ FiF
PҥQJOѭӟLYLӉQWK{QJFiFQѭӟFWUrQWKӃJLӟLYӟLÿӫPӑLFҩX KuQKOLQKKRҥWӣFiFWӕF
ÿӝYj FӵO\WUX\ӅQGүQOӟQEҧRÿҧPFKҩWOѭӧQJGӏFKYөYLӉQWK{QJWӕWQKҩW
1.2/ӏFKVӱSKiWWULӇQVӧLTXDQJ
&iFKӋWKӕQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJFKӍNKiFYӅQJX\rQOêVRYӟLFiFKӋWKӕQJYLEDӣ
GҧLWҫQVӕVyQJPDQJGQJÿӇPDQJWK{QJWLQ7X\QKLrQ KӋWKӕQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJ
Fy WKӇ FKR SKpS FRQ QJѭӡL WKӵF KLӋQ WK{QJ WLQ YӟL OѭӧQJ NrQK UҩW OӟQ YѭӧW JҩS
QKLӅXOҫQFiFKӋWKӕQJYLED
&iFVӧLGүQTXDQJÿҫXWLrQFyVX\KDRUҩWOӟQ WӟLNKRҧQJG%NPÿm
WҥR UD ÿѭӧF PӝW P{ KuQK KӋ WKӕQJ Fy [X KѭӟQJ OLQK KRҥW KѫQ 7LӃS VDX ÿy QăP
.DR+RFNPDQYj:HUWVÿmQKұQWKҩ\VX\KDRFӫDVӧLGүQTXDQJFKӫ\ӃXOj
GRWҥSFKҩWFyWURQJYұWOLӋXFKӃWҥRVӧL Yj WӗQWҥLPӝWÿLӇPQjRÿyWURQJGҧLEѭӟF
VyQJWUX\ӅQGүQTXDQJFyVX\KDRQKӓ1KӳQJQKұQÿӏQKQj\ÿmÿѭӧFViQJWӓNKL
.SURQ .HFN Yj 0DXUHU FKӃ WҥR WKjQK F{QJ VӧL WKӫ\ WLQK Fy VX\ KDR G%NP WҥL
&RUQLQJ*ODVVYjRQăP6X\KDRQj\QKӓKѫQUҩWQKLӅXVRYӟLWKӡLÿLӇPEDQ
ÿҫXFKӃWҥRVӧLYjFKRSKpSWҥRUDFӵO\WUX\ӅQGүQWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJYӟLFiFKӋWKӕQJ
WUX\ӅQ GүQ EҵQJ FiS ÿӗQJ 9ӟL Vӵ Fӕ JҳQJ NK{QJ QJӯQJ FӫD FiF QKj QJKLrQ FӭX
FiFVӧLGүQTXDQJFyVX\KDRQKӓKѫQOҫQOѭӧWUDÿӡL&KRWӟLÿҫXQKӳQJQăP
FiFKӋWKӕQJWK{QJWLQWUrQVӧLGүQTXDQJÿmÿѭӧFSKәELӃQNKiUӝQJYӟLYQJEѭӟF
VyQJOjPYLӋFQP&KRWӟLQD\VӧLGүQTXDQJÿmÿҥWWӟLPӭFVX\KDRUҩWQKӓ
JLiWUӏVX\KDRGѭӟLG%NPWҥLEѭӟFVyQJQPÿmFKRWKҩ\VӵSKiWWULӇQ
PҥQKPӁFӫDF{QJQJKӋ VӧLTXDQJWURQJ JҫQEDWKұSQLrQTXD*LiWUӏVX\KDR Qj\
ÿmÿҥWWӟLJLiWUӏWtQKWRiQOêWKX\ӃWFKRFiFVӧLÿѫQPode OjG%NP
7URQJPӝWYjLQăPWUӣOҥLÿk\NӻWKXұWFKӃWҥRFiSTXDQJSKiWWULӇQYӟLWӕFÿӝ
QKDQKFKyQJYjÿmÿҥWÿѭӧFQKLӅXNӃWTXҧFӵFNuҩQWѭӧQJ NK{QJQKӳQJYӅWӕFÿӝ
WUX\ӅQPjFzQFҧYӅEăQJWK{QJ. 1ăPWұSÿRjQYLӉQWK{QJ$OFDWHOFӫD3KiS
ÿmÿҥWNӹOөFYӅEăQJWK{QJFiSTXDQJOj7ESVEҵQJFiFKVӱGөQJNrQKFy
EăQJWK{QJ*ESVWURQJNKRҧQJFiFKKѫQNP [1.5]. 7KuYjRFXӕLQăP06,
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
+RjQJ7X̭Q9L͏W± ĈL͏QW͵±
K50
16
1JKLrQFͱXP{SK͗QJYjWKL͇t k͇ sͫL3&)VO}LFKL͇t sṷt cao c̭XWU~F c̩nh
7ұSÿRjQYLӉQWK{QJ1KұW%ҧQ177YӯDWK{QJEiRÿҥWNӹOөFPӟLYӅWUX\ӅQGӳOLӋX
TXD FiS TXDQJ 7ESV WURQJ NKRҧQJ FiFK NP EҵQJ FiFK Vӱ GөQJ PӝW FiS
TXDQJJӗPNrQKPӛLNrQKFyNKҧQăQJWUX\ӅQWҧLWK{QJWLQYӟLEăQJWK{QJ
Gbps. 1JD\VDXÿyQăPWұSÿRjQ Alcatel-/XFHQWF{QJEӕNӹOөFWUX\ӅQWҧLGӳ
OLӋX PӟL 7ESV ÿѭӧF WKӵF KLӋQ TXD PӝW ÿѭӡQJ FiS TXDQJ ÿѫQJӗP ED FKһQJ
NP [ YӟL NrQK SKkQ WҫQ :'0. 0ӟL QKҩW YjR WKiQJ QăP 177
F{QJEӕWӕFÿӝNӍOөF7ESV>@
³0ҥQJFiSTXDQJOjQKkQWӕWKHQFKӕWWURQJFXӝFFiFKPҥQJEăQJWK{QJUӝQJ
Pj FK~QJ WD ÿDQJ FKӭQJ NLӃQ KLӋQ QD\´ GүQ OӡL 5RPDQR 9DOXVVL *LiP ÿӕF SKө
WUiFKF{QJQJKӋTXDQJGүQFӫD$OFDWHO- Lucent.
1.2ѬXÿLӇPFӫDVӧLTXDQJ
&QJYӟLF{QJQJKӋFKӃWҥRFiFQJXӗQ SKiWYjWKXTXDQJVӧLGүQTXDQJÿmWҥR
UDFiFKӋWKӕQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJYӟLQKLӅXѭXÿLӇPWUӝLKѫQKҷQVRYӟLFiFKӋWKӕQJ
WK{QJWLQFiSNLPORҥL ÿLӇQKuQKYjSKәELӃQQKҩWOjFiSÿӗQJ:
x %ăQJWK{QJ WUX\ӅQGүQUҩWOӟQ
TҫQVӕVyQJ PDQJTXDQJWURQJ NKRҧQJ ÿӃQ +]WKѭӡQJ JҫQ YQJ
KӗQJ QJRҥL TXDQK JLi WUӏ +] FXQJ FҩS EăQJ WK{QJ WUX\ӅQ OӟQ KѫQ QKLӅX VR
YӟLKӋWKӕQJFiSNLPORҥLEăQJWK{QJFӫDFiSÿӗQJWUөFNKRҧQJ0K]+LӋQWҥL
JLiWUӏEăQJWK{QJFӫDKӋWKӕQJVӧLTXDQJFKѭDVӱGөQJKӃWQKѭQJ YLӋFӣPӝW YjL
*+]TXDNKRҧQJFiFKYjLNPYjKjQJWUăP 0K]TXDNKRҧQJFiFKKjQJFKөFNPPj
NK{QJ FҫQ Vӵ FDQ WKLӋS YӅ ÿLӋQ GQJ Eӝ OһS Oj Fy WKӇ 9u WKӃ GXQJ OѭӧQJ PDQJ
WK{QJWLQFӫDKӋWKӕQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJOӟQKѫQQKLӅXVRYӟLKӋWKӕQJFiSÿӗQJWӕW
QKҩW
x Suy hao WKҩS
SӵSKiWWULӇQFӫDF{QJQJKӋFKӃWҥRVӧLTXDQJTXDQKLӅXQăPÿmÿҥWÿѭӧFNӃW
TXҧWURQJYLӋFWҥRUDVӧLTXDQJFyÿӝVX\KDRUҩWWKҩS6ӧLTXDQJÿѭӧFFKӃWҥRYӟL
ÿӝVX\KDRG%NP YjÿһFWtQKQj\WUӣWKjQKOӧLWKӃFKtQKFӫDWK{QJWLQTuang.
ĈLӅX Qj\ WKXұQ OӧL FKR YLӋF ÿһW Eӝ NKXӃFK ÿҥL FKR PӛL NKRҧQJ FiFK WUrQ ÿѭӡQJ
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
+RjQJ7X̭Q9L͏W± ĈL͏QW͵±
K50
17
1JKLrQFͱXP{SK͗QJYjWKL͇t k͇ sͫL3&)VO}LFKL͇t sṷt cao c̭XWU~F c̩nh
WUX\ӅQPjNK{QJFҫQFKX\ӇQVDQJWtQKLӋXÿLӋQӣEѭӟFWUXQJJLDQGRÿyJLҧPÿѭӧF
FҧJLiWKjQKYjFҧÿӝSKӭFWҥSFӫDKӋWKӕQJ
x .K{QJEӏҧQKKѭӣQJQKLӉXÿLӋQWӯ
SӧL TXDQJ ÿѭӧF FKӃ WҥR Wӯ FiF FKҩW ÿLӋQ P{L QrQ NK{QJ Eӏ ҧQK KѭӣQJ EӣL
QKLӉX ÿLӋQ Wӯ FiF [XQJ ÿLӋQ Wӱ QKLӉX WҫQ Vӕ Y{ WX\ӃQ 9u WKӃ KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD KӋ
WKӕQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJ NK{QJ EӏҧQK KѭӣQJ NKLWUX\ӅQTXD P{LWUѭӡQJQKLӉXÿLӋQ
ĈLӅXÿyFyQJKƭDOjQyFyWKӇOҳSÿһWFXQJӭQJYӟLFiSÿLӋQOӵFYjFyWKӇVӱGөQJ
WURQJP{LWUѭӡQJSKҧQӭQJKҥWQKkQ
x &yWtQKEҧRPұWWtQKLӋXWK{QJWLQFDR
ÈQKViQJWӯVӧLTXDQJEӏEӭF[ҥ PӝWFiFK NK{QJÿiQJ NӇQrQFK~QJFyWtQK
EҧR PұW WtQ KLӋX FDR ĈһF WtQK Qj\ SK KӧS YӟL TXkQ ÿӝL QJkQ Kjng Yj FiF ӭQJ
GөQJWUX\ӅQGӳOLӋX\rXFҫXÿӝEҧRPұWFDR
x &yNtFKWKѭӟFYjWUӑQJOѭӧQJQKӓ
SӧLTXDQJFyEiQNtQKUҩWQKӓWKѭӡQJEiQ NtQKQj\NK{QJOӟQKѫQEiQNtQK
VӧLWyFFRQQJѭӡL9uWKӃWKұPFKtNKLVӧLTXDQJÿѭӧFSKӫWKrPQKӳQJOӟSEҧRYӋ
WKuFK~QJ YүQQKӓYjQKҽKѫQQKLӅXVRYӟLFiSÿӗQJ
x 6ӧLFyWtQKFiFKÿLӋQWӕW
SӧLTXDQJÿѭӧFFKӃWҥRWӯWKXӹWLQKKRһFplastic ÿӅX OjQKӳQJFKҩWFiFKÿLӋQ
YuWKӃNK{QJJLӕQJYӟLGk\GүQNLPORҥLQyNK{QJFy QKӳQJWUөFWUһFFѫEҧQ+ѫQ
QӳDÿһFWtQKQj\OjPFKRYLӋFWUX\ӅQWK{QJWLQFӫDVӧLTXDQJWUӣQrQSKKӧSPӝW
FiFKOtWѭӣQJWURQJQKӳQJP{LWUѭӡQJFyÿLӋQ OӟQKD\ViWQJXӗQÿLӋQ.
x 7LQFұ\YjOLQKKRҥW
MһFGFiFOӟSEҧRYӋOjFҫQWKLӃWVӧLTXDQJÿѭӧFFKӃWҥRYӟLVӭFFăQJFDR
EiQNtQKUҩWQKӓ9ӟLOӧLWKӃYӅNtFKWKѭӟFYjWUӑQJOѭӧQJVӧLTXDQJQyLFKXQJOj
WӕWKѫQWURQJYLӋFOѭXWUӳFKX\rQFKӣ[ӱOtYjOҳSÿһWGӉKѫQKӋWKӕQJFiSÿӗQJ
x 6ӧLÿѭӧFFKӃWҥRWӯYұWOLӋXUҩWVҹQFy
6ӧLTXDQJÿDSKҫQÿѭӧFOjPWӯWKӫ\WLQKPjWKӫ\WLQK ÿѭӧFÿLӅXFKӃWӯFiWOj
QJXӗQWjLQJX\rQVҹQFyYuWKӃVӧLTXDQJFy JLiWKjQKWKҩS
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
+RjQJ7X̭Q9L͏W± ĈL͏QW͵±
K50
18
1JKLrQFͱXP{SK͗QJYjWKL͇t k͇ sͫL3&)VO}LFKL͇t sṷt cao c̭XWU~F c̩nh
'RFyFiFѭXÿLӇPWUrQPjFiFKӋWKӕQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJQKDQKFKyQJÿѭӧFiS
GөQJUӝQJUmL trong FiFWX\ӃQÿѭӡQJWUөFWUXQJNӃOLrQWӍQKWKXrEDRNpRGjLFKR
WӟLFҧYLӋFWUX\QKұSYjRPҥQJWKXrEDRlinh KRҥWYjÿiSӭQJÿѭӧFPӑLP{LWUѭӡQJ
OҳSÿһWWURQJQKjWURQJFiFFҩXKuQKWKLӃWEӏFKRWӟL[X\rQOөFÿӏDYѭӧWÿҥLGѭѫQJ
FK~QJ ÿiS ӭQJ Fҧ Fi WtQ KLӋX WѭѫQJ Wӵ DQDORJ Yj Vӕ GLJLWDO FK~QJ FKR SKpS
WUX\ӅQGүQWҩWFҧFiFWtQKLӋXGӏFKYөEăQJKҽSYjEăQJUӝQJÿiSӭQJÿҫ\ÿӫPӑL
\rXFҫXFӫDPҥQJVӕOLrQNӃWÿDGӏFKYө,6'1&iFKӋWKӕQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJFNJQJ
UҩWSKKӧSFKRFiFKӋWKӕQJWUX\ӅQGүQVӕ, NK{QJORҥLWUӯWtQKLӋXGѭӟLGҥQJJKpS
NrQKQjR.
ĈLӅXÿyFKRWKҩ\WLӅPQăQJӭQJGөQJUҩWOӟQFӫD F{QJQJKӋSKiWWULӇQWK{QJ
WLQFiSTXDQJVӧL7URQJQKӳQJSKҫQsau FӫDFKѭѫQJQj\em VӁÿLVkXKѫQYjRFiF
ÿһFWtQKFӫDVӧLTXDQJ
1.3 6ӵWUX\ӅQVyQJiQKViQJWURQJVӧLTXDQJ
&iS TXDQJ FiS VӧL TXDQJ EDR JӗP ba WKjQK SKҫQ FKtQK Oj O}L VӧL TXDQJ
FRUHOӟSSKҧQ[ҥiQKViQJ(cladding) YjFiFOӟSEӑFFiS (coating)6ӧLTXDQJ VӧL
GүQTXDQJ OjWKjQKSKҫQFKtQKFӫDFiSFyFKӭFQăQJWUX\ӅQGүQVyQJiQKViQJ9u
WKӃNKLP{WҧP{LWUѭӡQJWUX\ӅQGүQTXDQJFӫDKӋWKӕQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJWKuFKӍFҫQ
GLӉQ JLҧL WUrQ VӧL TXDQJ Oj ÿӫ %DR EӑF FRUH Oj OӟS FODGGLQJ - OӟS WKӫ\ WLQK KD\
plastic - QKҵP EҧR YӋ Yj SKҧQ [ҥ iQK ViQJ WUӣ OҥL FRUH &iF OӟS EӑF VӧL Fy FKӭF
QăQJFKtQKOjEҧRYӋVӧLNKӓLEӏWiFÿӝQJWӯFiF\ӃXWӕP{LWUѭӡQJOҳSÿһWFiS
+uQK&ҩXWҥRFӫDPӝWVӧLTXDQJWK{QJWKѭӡQJ
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
+RjQJ7X̭Q9L͏W± ĈL͏QW͵±
K50
19
1JKLrQFͱXP{SK͗QJYjWKL͇t k͇ sͫL3&)VO}LFKL͇t sṷt cao c̭XWU~F c̩nh
1.31JX\rQOêWUX\ӅQGүQ
ÈQKViQJWURQJWK{QJWLQTXDQJQҵPӣYQJFұQKӗQJQJRҥLYӟLEѭӟFVyQJWӯ
QP ÿӃQ QP ĈһF ELӋW WD Fy ED YQJ FӱD Vә WK{QJ GөQJ Oj Yj
1550 nm.
%ҧQJ1.1 CiFYQJ EѭӟFVyQJWURQJWK{QJWLQTXDQg theo TCN68-160:1996
9QJ
%ѭӟFVyQJOjPYLӋc
800 ± 900 nm
850 nm
1260 ± 1360 nm
1310 nm
1430 ± 1580 nm
1550 nm
ChiӃt suҩt cӫDP{LWUѭӡng:
݊=
ܥ
ܸ
VӟLQOjFKLӃt suҩt cӫDP{LWUѭӡng
= ܥ3. 108 PVOjYұQWӕFiQKViQJ
9OjYұQWӕFiQKViQJWURQJP{LWUѭӡng
9uܸ ܥQrQ݊ 1
1JX\rQ Oê WUX\ӅQ GүQ FӫD VӧL TXDQJ Oj ӭQJ GөQJ KLӋQ WѭӧQJ SKҧQ [ҥ WRjQ
SKҫQ +LӋQ WѭӧQJ SKҧQ [ҥ WRjQ SKҫQ Oj KLӋQ WѭӧQJ [ҧ\ UD kKL iQK ViQJ ÿL Wӯ P{L
WUѭӡQJFyFKLӃWVXҩWOӟQKѫQVDQJP{LWUѭӡQJFyFKLӃWVuҩt nhӓ KѫQYjFyJyFWӟi i
lӟQKѫQJyFtӟi giӟi hҥnNKLÿy mӑLWLDViQJÿӅu bӏ phҧn xҥNK{QJFyWLDNK~F[ҥ.
+uQK4 Sӵ phҧn xҥ YjNK~F[ҥ iQKViQJ
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
+RjQJ7X̭Q9L͏W± ĈL͏QW͵±
K50
20