Tài liệu Nanotechnology applications for clean water

Nanotechnology Applications for Clean Water Micro & Nano Technologies Series Editor: Jeremy Ramsden Professor of Nanotechnology Microsystems and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Materials Cranfield University, United Kingdom The aim of this book series is to disseminate the latest developments in small scale technologies with a particular emphasis on accessible and practical content. These books will appeal to engineers from industry, academia and government sectors. For more information about the book series and new book proposals please contact the Publisher, Dr. Nigel Hollingworth at [email protected]. http://www.williamandrew.com/MNT Nanotechnology Applications for Clean Water Edited by Nora Savage Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and (in alphabetical order) Mamadou Diallo Materials and Process Simulation Center, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Jeremiah Duncan Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison Anita Street Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and Richard Sustich Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign N o r w i c h , N Y, U S A Copyright © 2009 by William Andrew Inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. ISBN: 978-0-8155-1578-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nanotechnology applications for clean water / edited by Nora Savage ... [et al.] p. cm. -- (Micro & nano technologies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8155-1578-4 1. Water-supply engineering--Technological innovations. 2. Water--Purification--Technological innovations. 3. Water--Pollution--Prevention. 4. Nanotechnology. 5. Nanostructured materials. I. Savage, Nora F. TD353.N34 2009 628.1--dc22 2008044315 Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Published by: William Andrew Inc. 13 Eaton Avenue Norwich, NY 13815 1-800-932-7045 www.williamandrew.com Environmentally Friendly This book has been printed digitally because this process does not use any plates, ink, chemicals, or press solutions that are harmful to the environment. The paper used in this book has a 30% recycled content. NOTICE To the best of our knowledge the information in this publication is accurate; however the Publisher does not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of, or consequences arising from, such information. This book is intended for informational purposes only. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for their use by the Publisher. Final determination of the suitability of any information or product for any use, and the manner of that use, is the sole responsibility of the user. Anyone intending to rely upon any recommendation of materials or procedures mentioned in this publication should be independently satisfied as to such suitability, and must meet all applicable safety and health standards. To all whose true potential suffers for lack of clean water Contents Contributors .......................................................................... xi Foreword: The Potential of Nanotechnology for Clean Water Resources ............................................................................... Mihail C. Roco xxiii Series Editor’s Preface ........................................................... xxv Preface ................................................................................... xxvii Acknowledgments .................................................................. xxix Introduction: Water Purification in the Twenty-First Century—Challenges and Opportunities ............................... Richard C. Sustich, Mark Shannon, and Brian Pianfetti xxxi Part 1 Drinking Water ........................................................ 1 1 Nanometallic Particles for Oligodynamic Microbial Disinfection ... Gordon Nangmenyi and James Economy 3 2 Nanostructured Visible-Light Photocatalysts for Water Purification ......................................................................... Qi Li, Pinggui Wu, and Jian Ku Shang 17 3 Nanostructured Titanium Oxide Film- and Membrane-Based Photocatalysis for Water Treatment .............................................. Hyeok Choi, Souhail R. Al-Abed, and Dionysios D. Dionysiou 39 4 Nanotechnology-Based Membranes for Water Purification ............ Eric M.V. Hoek and Asim K. Ghosh 5 Multifunctional Nanomaterial-Enabled Membranes for Water Treatment ............................................................................ Volodymyr V. Tarabara 6 Nanofluidic Carbon Nanotube Membranes: Applications for Water Purification and Desalination .............................................. Olgica Bakajin, Aleksandr Noy, Francesco Fornasiero, Costas P. Grigoropoulos, Jason K. Holt, Jung Bin In, Sangil Kim,and Hyung Gyu Park 7 Design of Advanced Membranes and Substrates for Water Purification and Desalination .............................................. James Economy, Jinwen Wang, and Chaoyi Ba 47 59 77 95 vii Savage_Prelims.indd vii 11/11/2008 4:24:19 PM viii Contents 8 Customization and Multistage Nanofiltration Applications for Potable Water, Treatment, and Reuse ........................................... Curtis D. Roth, Saik Choon Poh, and Diem X. Vuong 107 9 Commercialization of Nanotechnology for Removal of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water ................................................... Lisa Farmen 115 10 U.S.–Israel Workshop on Nanotechnology for Water Purification ... Richard C. Sustich 131 Part 2 Treatment and Reuse ............................................... 141 11 Water Treatment by Dendrimer-Enhanced Filtration: Principles and Applications ........................................................... Mamadou S. Diallo 143 12 Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Disinfection and Microbial Control: Merits and Limitations .................................................................. 157 Shaily Mahendra, Qilin Li, Delina Y. Lyon, Lena Brunet and Pedro J.J. Alvarez 13 Possible Applications of Fullerene Nanomaterials in Water Treatment and Reuse .......................................................... So-Ryong Chae, Ernest M. Hotze, and Mark R. Wiesner 167 14 Nanomaterials-Enhanced Electrically Switched Ion Exchange Process for Water Treatment ......................................................... Yuehe Lin, Daiwon Choi, Jun Wang, and Jagan Bontha 179 15 Detection and Extraction of Pesticides from Drinking Water Using Nanotechnologies ....................................................... T. Pradeep and Anshup 191 Part 3 Remediation ............................................................... 213 16 Nanotechnology for Contaminated Subsurface Remediation: Possibilities and Challenges ........................................................... Denis M. O’Carroll 215 17 Nanostructured Materials for Improving Water Quality: Potentials and Risks ....................................................................... Marcells A. Omole, Isaac K’Owino, and Omowunmi A. Sadik 233 18 Physicochemistry of Polyelectrolyte Coatings that Increase Stability, Mobility, and Contaminant Specificity of Reactive Nanoparticles Used for Groundwater Remediation ........................ Tanapon Phenrat and Gregory V. Lowry Savage_Prelims.indd viii 249 11/11/2008 4:24:19 PM Contents 19 Heterogeneous Catalytic Reduction for Water Purification: Nanoscale Effects on Catalytic Activity, Selectivity, and Sustainability ................................................................................. Timothy J. Strathmann, Charles J. Werth, and John R. Shapley 20 Stabilization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Enhanced In Situ Destruction of Chlorinated Solvents in Soils and Groundwater ................................................................... Feng He, Dongye Zhao, and Chris Roberts ix 269 281 21 Enhanced Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene by Membrane-Supported Iron and Bimetallic Nanoparticles .............. S. M. C. Ritchie 293 22 Synthesis of Nanostructured Bimetallic Particles in PolyligandFunctionalized Membranes for Remediation Applications ............. Jian Xu, Leonidas Bachas, and Dibakar Bhattacharyya 311 23 Magnesium-Based Corrosion Nano-Cells for Reductive Transformation of Contaminants ................................................... Shirish Agarwal, Souhail R. Al-Abed, and Dionysios D. Dionysiou 337 24 Water Decontamination Using Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ... Kimberly M. Cross, Yunfeng Lu, Tonghua Zheng, Jingjing Zhan, Gary McPherson, and Vijay John 25 Reducing Leachability and Bioaccessibility of Toxic Metals in Soils, Sediments, and Solid/Hazardous Wastes Using Stabilized Nanoparticles ................................................................................. Yinhui Xu, Ruiqiang Liu, and Dongye Zhao 347 365 Part 4 Sensors ....................................................................... 375 26 Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Detection of Pesticides and Explosives ...................................................................................... Jun Wang and Yuehe Lin 377 27 Advanced Nanosensors for Environmental Monitoring .................. Omowunmi A. Sadik 28 A Colorimetric Approach to the Detection of Trace Heavy Metal Ions Using Nanostructured Signaling Materials ................... Yukiko Takahashi and Toshishige M. Suzuki 391 417 29 Functional Nucleic Acid-Directed Assembly of Nanomaterials and Their Applications as Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensors for Trace Contaminants in Water .................................................................. 427 Debapriya Mazumdar, Juewen Liu, and Yi Lu Savage_Prelims.indd ix 11/11/2008 4:24:19 PM x Contents Part 5 Societal Issues ............................................................ 447 Introduction to Societal Issues: The Responsible Development of Nanotechnology for Water ............................................................. Jeremiah S. Duncan, Nora Savage, and Anita Street 449 30 Nanotechnology in Water: Societal, Ethical, and Environmental Considerations ................................................................................ Anita Street, Jeremiah S. Duncan, and Nora Savage 453 31 Competition for Water ................................................................... Jeremiah S. Duncan, Nora Savage, and Anita Street 32 A Framework for Using Nanotechnology To Improve Water Quality ................................................................................. Michael E. Gorman, Ahson Wardak, Emma Fauss, and Nathan Swami 463 491 33 International Governance Perspectives on Nanotechnology Water Innovation ........................................................................... David Rejeski and Evan S. Michelson 509 34 Nanoscience and Water: Public Engagement At and Below the Surface ..................................................................................... David M. Berube 521 35 How Can Nanotechnologies Fulfill the Needs of Developing Countries? ...................................................................................... David J. Grimshaw, Lawrence D. Gudza, and Jack Stilgoe 535 36 Challenges to Implementing Nanotechnology Solutions to Water Issues in Africa ............................................................................... Mbhuti Hlophe and Thembela Hillie 551 37 Life Cycle Inventory of Semiconductor Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots for Environmental Applications ............................. Hatice Sengül and Thomas L. Theis 561 Part 6 Outlook ...................................................................... 583 38 Nanotechnology Solutions for Improving Water Quality ............... Mamadou S. Diallo, Jeremiah S. Duncan, Nora Savage, Anita Street, and Richard Sustich 585 Index ..................................................................................... 589 Savage_Prelims.indd x 11/11/2008 4:24:20 PM Contributors Shirish Agarwal Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA Souhail R. Al-Abed National Risk Management Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH, USA Pedro J.J. Alvarez Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice University Houston, TX, USA Anshup Department of Chemistry and Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai, India Chaoyi Ba Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Leonidas Bachas Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA Olgica Bakajin Molecular Biophysics and Functional Nanostructures Group Chemistry, Materials, Earth, and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA, USA David M. Berube Professor of Communication and Coordinator of PCOST North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, USA xi Savage_Prelims.indd xi 11/11/2008 4:24:20 PM xii Contributors Dibakar Bhattacharyya Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA Jagan Bontha Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA, USA Lena Brunet Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice University Houston, TX, USA So-Ryong Chae Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering School of Engineering Duke University Durham, NC, USA Hyeok Choi National Risk Management Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH, USA Daiwon Choi Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA, USA Kimberly M. Cross Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA Mamadou S. Diallo Materials and Process Simulation Center Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA Department of Civil Engineering Howard University Washington, DC, USA Dionysios D. Dionysiou Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA Savage_Prelims.indd xii 11/11/2008 4:24:20 PM Contributors xiii Jeremiah S. Duncan Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA James Economy Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Lisa Farmen Crystal Clear Technologies, Inc. Portland, OR, USA Emma Fauss Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA Francesco Fornasiero Molecular Biophysics and Functional Nanostructures Group Chemistry, Materials, Earth, and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA, USA Asim K. Ghosh Water Technology Research Center University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA Michael E. Gorman Department of Science, Technology and Society University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA Costas P. Grigoropoulos Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA David J. Grimshaw Practical Action Bourton-on-Dunsmore, Rugby, UK Savage_Prelims.indd xiii 11/11/2008 4:24:20 PM xiv Contributors Lawrence D. Gudza Practical Action Bourton-on-Dunsmore, Rugby, UK Feng He Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA Thembela Hillie Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria, South Africa Mbhuti Hlophe Department of Chemistry North-West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho, South Africa Eric M.V. Hoek California NanoSystems Institute University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA Water Technology Research Center University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA Jason K. Holt Molecular Biophysics and Functional Nanostructures Group Chemistry, Materials, Earth, and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA, USA Ernest M. Hotze Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering School of Engineering Duke University Durham, NC, USA Jung Bin In Molecular Biophysics and Functional Nanostructures Group Chemistry, Materials, Earth, and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA, USA Savage_Prelims.indd xiv 11/11/2008 4:24:20 PM Contributors xv Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA Vijay John Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans, LA, USA Isaac K’Owino Department of Chemistry Center for Advanced Sensors & Environmental Monitoring State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton, NY, USA Sangil Kim Molecular Biophysics and Functional Nanostructures Group Chemistry, Materials, Earth, and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA, USA Qi Li Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Qilin Li Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice University Houston, TX, USA Yuehe Lin Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA, USA Ruiqiang Liu Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA Juewen Liu Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Savage_Prelims.indd xv 11/11/2008 4:24:20 PM xvi Contributors Gregory V. Lowry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pitsburgh, PA, USA Yunfeng Lu Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA Yi Lu Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Delina Y. Lyon Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice University Houston, TX, USA Shaily Mahendra Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice University Houston, TX, USA Debapriya Mazumdar Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Gary McPherson Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans, LA, USA Evan S. Michelson Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service New York University New York, NY, USA Gordon Nangmenyi Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Savage_Prelims.indd xvi 11/11/2008 4:24:20 PM Contributors xvii Aleksandr Noy Molecular Biophysics and Functional Nanostructures Group Chemistry, Materials, Earth, and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA, USA Denis M. O’Carroll Department Civil & Environmental Engineering The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada Marcells A. Omole Department of Chemistry Center for Advanced Sensors & Environmental Monitoring State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton, NY, USA Hyung Gyu Park Molecular Biophysics and Functional Nanostructures Group Chemistry, Materials, Earth, and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA, USA Tanapon Phenrat Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pitsburgh, PA, USA Brian Pianfetti Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Saik Choon Poh CH2MHILL Los Angeles, CA, USA T. Pradeep Department of Chemistry and Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai, India David Rejeski Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Washington, DC, USA Savage_Prelims.indd xvii 11/11/2008 4:24:20 PM xviii Contributors S. M. C. Ritchie Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL, USA Mihail C. Roco National Science Foundation Arlington, VA, USA Chris Roberts Department of Chemical Engineering Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA Curtis D. Roth DXV Water Technologies, LLC Tustin, California, USA Omowunmi A. Sadik Department of Chemistry Center for Advanced Sensors & Environmental Monitoring State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton, NY, USA Nora Savage Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC, USA Hatice Sengül Institute for Environmental Science and Policy Department of Civil and Materials Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA Jian Ku Shang Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Mark Shannon Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Savage_Prelims.indd xviii 11/11/2008 4:24:20 PM Contributors xix John R. Shapley Department of Chemistry Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Jack Stilgoe Practical Action Bourton-on-Dunsmore, Rugby, UK Demos London, UK Timothy J. Strathmann Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Anita Street Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC, USA (Environmental Scientist and Program Analyst, at U.S. Department of Energy, Energy and Enviromental Security Directorate, Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Washington, DC, USA, as of November 2008) Richard C. Sustich Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA Toshishige M. Suzuki Research Center for Compact Chemical Processes National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Nathan Swami Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA Savage_Prelims.indd xix 11/11/2008 4:24:20 PM