Tài liệu Lịch sử lớp 12 qua ô chữ

TRAN DINH BA \^SOX-^ LICH Sir LOP 12 QUA 6 CHff (T/^eo cbuang 1 /lid} trinb cbudn cua Bo Gido due vd Ddo tao) d 'k'::.: : .!!> H ii( uini4, • JiJi^ 1 —— ., NHA XUAT BAN DAN TR[ Aa HWQ WA.HT i ' T H T d n i ^ '.)9fl r j j b •..mrl ffifJ jd>i f i n i i / ; i . i r ' y i i f i n-5ijl n i i ' i cpn rl:.., J-JKI u&sii: i n w i , o m , 6 l f»-'<'; s^:'' ' g n i i b lO^; •'w<^"'> ^5 vwsiH -n'o'ufi ^ :,it rv},'! y'.^J r;;- , «l rn::>x K ! n i / v L[j| |\|0| OAU ' '"''^"••^ ' "'' Tir xLfa den nay, lich sLr luon dcSng vai tro qiian trong doi v6i cugc song con ngLfo'i, nhif nha sif hoc dau tien cua the gicJi Herodotus da tCfng khang d i n h : "Lich si< la thay day ciia cuqc song". Bofi chang, lich sif chinh la cfiu noi giifa qua k h i t v d i hien tai va tLfo'ng lai, la sii van dong, phat trien bien chttng tuan theo quy luat phat trien khach quan. ' ' Chii trong van de do, chifcfng trinh lich sir dLfdc giang day x u y e n suot tCf cap Tieu hoc (\6p 4 va \6p 5) cho den T r u n g hoc p h d thong (THPT). O bac THPT, viec giang day Ljch sii dan t()c va Lich sir the g i d i dUc/c chii trong, lam nen tang kien thitc xa h o i ccf ban cung v d i Van hoc, Dia l i de cac em biidc vao m d i trtrdng m d i cao hcfn la T r u n g cap, Cao dang, Dai hoc. Cung v i the chircfng trinh cua m d n Lich sii" d k h o l TLIPT c6 d u n g l i f d n g kien thitc I d n h d n v d i cliLfcMg trinh chuan cho da so' hoc sinh va cliLfofng trinh nang cao cho hoc sinh k h o l chuyen ban C. i..-.. •.^.JH Ben canh viec hex: tap, tiep can kien thiJc mon Lich si'f d khdi T H l ^ qua sach giao khoa, thi nhiTng phifcfng tien thong t i n , tham khao la k h d n g the thieu. Ngudn tham khao c6 nhieu h l n h thiTc nhif: xem bang h i n h , may chieu, gap g d nhan vat lich sii", t h a m quan d i tich, bao tang, doc sach tham khao... va cd the ndi tai lieu tiep can chu yeu cua hoc sinh THPT ddi v()'i m d n Lich sif chi'i yeu qua sach tham khiio. V d i sach tham khao lai cd nhieu dang, tCr dang trac nghiem kien tlu?c, den cac bo de on luyen... n h i f n g cd the thay la nhiTng tai lieu nay nhieu, gan giong nhau nen k h d n g k h d i gay nham chan. HV1 5 La m o t g i a n g v i e n c h u y e n g i a n g day L i c i i sii", b a n t h a n ngxidi viet tao n e n m o t h t f d n g t i e p c a n k i e n t h i t c L i c h suT m d i c h o h o c s i n h T H I T d e cac e m p h i i t h u y t r i t o m o , h a m h i e u b i e t ci'ia m i n h k h i t i m h i e u m o n h o c v o n b i x e m la k h o k h a n , k h o n h d v a t o a n la SL/ k i e n D o la ly d o ra ddi c u o n sach Lich sikldp 12 qua nay. 6 chif. N o i d u n g cua sach t h e o sat c h i f d n g t r i n h L i c h SLf c h u a n ci'ia sach g i a o k h o a , d o n g t h d i CO n h i T n g p h a n c a u h o i md r g n g k i e n thi'fc t h i f c te c h o cac e n i n d m b a t . K e t c a u c h u n g c u a b o sach g o m hai phan: Phan Hoi va P h a n D a p i i n . D i e m k h a c so v d i n h i T n g sach t h a m k h i i o t r u y e n t h o n g la b o s a c h n a y k h o n g c h i i t r o n g h o i tat ca k i e n thCfc t r o n g cac b a i , m a c h i t a p t r u n g v a o nhCfng p h a n k i e n thi'fc cc^ b a n n h a t c u a t i f n g b a i h o c , cfiu h o i d i f d c d a t ra v a h o c s i n h se t r a I d i b i l n g e a c h d i e n d a p a n v a o 6 chi? t r e n n e n h i n h a n h c6 l i e n q u a n d e n b a i h o c . De PHAN HOI biet k e t q u a t r a I d i c i i a m i n h , h o c s i n h se x e m d P h a n D a p a n . H y v g n g q u a e a c h t i e p c a n t r i thi'fc m d i n a y , g i i i p c h o cac em f i o c s i n h T H P T se d d n h a m c h a n k h i h o c L i c h sii' v a c 6 hi'fng t h i i h d n k h i t i f m i n h l a m c h i i k i e n thi'fc. D o n g t h d i , cac t h a y , c d g i a o g i i i n g d a y m o n L i c h sii" d k h d i T H P T c i i n g c6 t h e lay d o la m o t e a c h g i a n g d a y m d i a p d u n g v a o t h i f c te g i i i n g d a y c i i a m i n h l a m c h o b o mon Ljch sii" c d m o t h i f d n g d i m d i t i c h cifc hc^n. "^^^'^ a."tn'l' i'd / i X i n t r a n t r o n g g i d i t h i e u v a rat m o n g n h a n d i f d c n h i T n g I d i g d p y c h a n t h a n h t i f cac e m h o c s i n h v a q u y t h a y c d d e c u d n s i i c h n g a y cang hoan thien hgn! ; ni.i idri hi:. *. ;jf:« .riJid.) f l ' j t e j u j p i/Ov Of!-; 1J« (h'O ! j ^ n t j i l r i (il (hih .r,'--- • u , f xlni« ogri u f o u b v hd) o j «jf{•:<(! . ••:.?:rto rrij'iffn y f i s i o r W j j r i d , : > ! nf:>. 6 hh iji\i • - " i g nhs^^u^iin mrA y i i n uOif LICH Slif THEGI0I HIENDAI T(r 1945-2000 I 'a l'.K •up ; •'•y'n ••• • ChKctng I S U HINH THANH TRAT XL/ T H E GlOfl M6I SAU C H I E N TRANH T H E G i d l THLf HAI (1945 - 1949) ,8" • •,ry cac BAI 1: SJ HINH THANH TRAT Tl/ THE Gidl Mdl u ! ' \, 1 1 1 , ' ' " ' i^ \U , Pitii. A M l t (f^' 1, f ! .>t*ii«f I i h I) f'i i h 'lU' jr^ d'H 'L it ' .11 i < t> ' J S SAU CHIEN TRANH THE Gl(3l THUf HAI (1945 - 1949) I'.. ban ir> * u > At i 6 C H 0 IA 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 Hd/i^ ngang: 1. Theo thoa thuan tai Hoi nghi lanta, quan dpi MTchiem dong quoc gia nao b chau A CO chu nghTa phat xft? 2. Theo quyet djnh tgi Hoi nghi lanta, to chiJc quoc te nay di/pc thanh lap nham duy tri hoa binh, an ninh the gidi. 3. Thu tudng U. Sdcsin dai dien cho quoc gia nao tham 6\4 Hoi nghi lanta thang 2 nam 1945? 4. Day la quoc gia tham di^ Hoi nghi lanta vdi dgi di#n la Chu tich Hoi dong Bo trudng I. Xtalin. t 9 5. D a u n a m 1945, khi c u g c c h i e n tranh n a y budc v a c giai d o a n ket t h u c , c a c qu6'c gia D o n g m i n h d a q u y e t dinh trieu t a p H o i n g h j lanta de giai q u y e t nhCJng v a n de lien q u a n d e n c u p c c h i e n (viet t a t ) . 6. D a y la hoi nghi dU(?c to chufc tai Dire ngay 17 thang 7 den ngay 2 thang 8 nam 1945 thoa thuan ve viec giai giap quan Nhat d D o n g DUdng trao cho quan Anh vao phi'a Nam vTtuyen 16 v a quan dpi Trung Hoa Dan quo'c vao phfa Bac. 7. H o i nghi lanta t h o n g n h a t v i e c de d a n h bgi c h u nghTa p h a t xit t r e n p h g m vi t o a n the g i d i . S a u khi d a n h bgi p h a t xit Dufc, Lien X 6 se t h a m c h i e n c h d n g N h a t 6 ndi d a u ? t h ^ o l u a n v e c a c v a n de h o a c c o n g v i e c t h u o c p h g m vi H i e n c h u d n g Lien Hdp Qude quy dinh. ,, , , , , , 3. T h a n h phe' c u a MT, la ndi diSn ra hoi nghi q u d e te tCr ngky 2 5 t h a n g 4 d e n n g ^ y 26 t h a n g 6 n a m 1945 v d i s i / t h a m gia c u a d a i b i e u 50 n u d e , lap n e n to chufc q u d e te la Lien H d p Q u d e . 4. L^ Cd q u a n h a n h chfnh c u a L i e n H an . 6 CHLf 2A 7. Hinh thai kinh te - x a hdi c a c q u o c gia D o n g A u x a y d y n g s a u khi g i a n h d o c lap tLT q u a n p h a t xit. lis khda: T o chCfc kinh te c u a c a c n a d c xa hoi c h u nghTa d D o n g A u v a Lien X d , n h a n g c d c a s y t h a m gia c u a c a c n a d c t h u p c c h a u luc khac n h u M d n g Co', C u b a , Viet N a m . 6 CHLf 2B Hang ngang: Hang ngang: 1. D a y la ITnh vi^c trong t h d i gian 1 9 4 5 - 1 9 5 0 , Lien X 6 t h i / c h i e n chfnh s a c h b a o v e h o a binh t h e gidi v a u n g h o p h o n g t r a o giai p h d n g d a n t p c , g i u p d6 c a c n u d e x a hoi c h u nghTa. 2. T h a n h p h o la t h u d o c u a B a L a n , npi d a i b l e u c a c q u o c g i a x a h o i c h u nghTa D o n g A u v a Lien X 6 h p p n g a y 14 t h a n g 5 n a m 1 9 5 5 c u n g k i k e t H i e p a d c hQu n g h j , h d p t a c v a tUdng t r d , d a n h d a u SK} ra d d i c u a to chufc mang ten thanh pho nay. 3. N h a d u h a n h v u try d a u tien c u a Lien X 6 v a c u a t h e gidi c d m a t t r e n c o n t a u v u try b a y v o n g q u a n h T r a i D a t n a m 1 9 6 1 , m d d a u c h o kf n g u y e n c h i n h p h y c v u try c u a loai ngUdi. 4. H o i d o n g t u o n g t r d kinh te dUdc t h a n h lap n g a y 8 t h a n g 1 n a m 1 9 4 9 v d i s y t h a m gia c u a n h i e u n u d e x a hoi c h u nghTa d D o n g A u v a L i e n X d . T o chufc n a y c d t e n v i e t tat t i e n g A n h la gi? 1. N a m 1 9 7 3 , c u p c k h u n g h o a n g loai n a n g l y d n g n a o b u n g no' t a c d o n g m a n h m e d e n tinh hinh kinh t e , chinh trj, tai c h i n h c u a n h i e u q u o c gia t r o n g d d c d Lien X 6 ? 2. Do Cham c h a p trong viec tien h a n h d d i m d i khi x a y ra c u o c k h u n g h o a n g d a u m d n a m 1 9 7 3 n e n c h e do xa hdi c h u nghTa d c a c q u o c gia t h u o c khu v y c n a y l a m v a o s y k h u n g h o a n g v a d a n d a n tan r a . 3. Do s y k h i j n g h o a n g c u a c h e d p xa hdi c h u nghTa, biJc t a d n g n a y d a bj p h a b d , dSn tdi s y t h o n g nhat n u d e Dire n g a y 3 t h a n g 10 n a m 1 9 9 0 tren c d s d h d p n h a t C o n g h d a D a n c h u DCfc v a C o n g h d a Lien b a n g Dufc. 4. O n g la n g y d i len n a m q u y e n lanh d a o D a n g v a N h a nUdc Lien X 6 tC/ t h a n g 3 n a m 1 9 8 5 v a tien h a n h c d n g c u p c c a i to d a t nUdc. 5. lii s y k h u n g h o a n g n g a y c a n g t r a m t r p n g c u a c h e d p x a h d i c h u nghTa d Lien X d , n g a y 21 t h a n g 12 n a m 1 9 9 1 , nhOng n g y d i lanh d a o 11 nUdc c d n g h d a t r o n g Lien b a n g X d viet da ki hiep dinh t h a n h lap n e n C o n g d o n g c a c q u o c gia d o c l a p . DUdc g p i tat la gi? 6. Sau 74 nam ton tai, quoc gia xa hoi chu nghTa dau tien nay cua the gidi da giai the vao nam 1991. 7. Day la nguyen nhan khach quan do cac the \\jc thu djch trong ngoai nUdc gay ra dan tdi si/ syp do che do xa hoi chu nghTa d Lien X 6 cac quoc gia Dong Au. 1 6t\'i- ''SVi-'p • 6 C H L f 2 C : L I E N B A N G N G A TlT NAM Chteangiii CAC Nl/dc A, PHI VA MI LATINH (1945 - 2000) ••'•»:'(; 1991 D E N NAM 2 0 0 0 BAI 3: CAC NLfflC DONG BAC A * " 6 C H L f 3A: CAC Nl/dc D C N G BXC A Hang Hang ngang: bang X 6 viet tri/dc dSy cung \k thu d6 cua Lien bang Nga hien nay. 4. Day 1^ ITnh vi/c Nga thi hanh chfnh sach mot mat nga ve phUdng Tay vdi hi vgng nhan dUdc sir ung hp ve chinh trj va vien trp ve kinh te, mat khac khoi phgc va phat trien moi quan he vdi cac quoc gia chau A. 5. Ong len lam Tdng thdng Lien bang Nga tCr nam 2000, giup nUdc Nga cd nhieu chuyen bien kha quan nhu kinh te dan hoi phyc va phat trien, chfnh 1. Thanh phd la thu do cua Lien trj va xa hpi tUdng ddi dn dinh, vj the quoc te dapc nang cao. Hang doc: 2. Day la ITnh vUc cua nt/dc Nga ma d do quy djnh the che Tdng thdng Lien bang. Trong ITnh vi/c nay nifdc Nga phai ddi mat vdi tinh trgng khdng dn djnh do si/ tranh chap cac dang phai va nhOng vy xung dot s§c tpc. 't'> 3. LTnh vi/c cua nudc Nga, b do tdc dp tang trudng binh quan hang nam cua GDP luon la so am, chf cd tfn hieu phuc hoi tCf nam 1996. 6. Quoc gia Lien bang dapc thanh lap nam 1991, dUpc la "qudc gia ke tyc Lien Xd" ca ve mat phap If tren trUdng qudc te. ngang: 1. Thoat khoi ach xam li/dc cua quan phiet Nhat Ban sau Chien tranh the gidi Ian thuf hai, nhUng ban dao Trieu Tien lai bj chia cat bdi cupc Chien tranh lanh dan tdi sy thanh lap hai nha nUdc, hai che dp khac nhau tren ban dao Trieu Tien dUpc chia cSt bdi vTtuyen nay. 2. Ngay 1 thang 10 nam 1949, nUdc Cong hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa da dapc thanh lap sau khi lyc lupng cua Dang Cong san gianh thang Ipi trong cupc npi chien vdi Qudc dan dang. Ai la Chu tjch ni/dc dau tien cua Trung Hoa luc bay gid? 3. Dia danh la ndi kf Hiep dinh dinh chien giQa hai mien Nam va B i c Trieu Tien sau cupc npi chien 1950 - 1953. 4. Khu vyc rpng Idn thupc chau A dong dan nhat the gidi. Cac qudc gia b day trCr Nhat Ban deu bi chu nghTa thyc dan no djch trudc Chien tranh the gidi thi/ hai. 5. Qudc gia dypc thanh lap vao thang 8 nam 1948 tai phia Nam ban dao Trieu Tien do sy hau thuan cua Anh, Phap, MTva c 6 ten gpi day du la Dgi Han Dan qudc, phat trien theo con dudng tu ban chu nghTa. 6. TCf nCra sau the kl XX, Han Qudc, Hong Cong va Dai Loan dypc xem la ba trong bdn "con rdng" ve ITnh vyc nay cua chau A. 15 7. D a y la ITnh vac m a t r o n g k h o a n g t h d i g i a n 1949 - 1 9 5 9 T r u n g Q u o c thi BAI 4: CAC Nl/dC DONG NAM A VA AN OO h a n h chi'nh s a c h tich c i / c n h a m c u n g co h o a b i n h v a t h u c d a y s i ; p h a t t r i l n c u a phong trao each m a n g the gidi. TU khoa: Q u o c gia t h u o c khu v i / c D o n g B a c A, la nUdc r o n g thuf ba t h e 6 CHLf 4A; DOVG NAM A SAU O n f i v TRANH THE G1C« THITHAI g i d i v a d a n so d d n g n h a t the g i d i . 6 CHO 3B: TRUNG QU<5C Hang ngang: 1. Day la luc liidng chfnh trong cupc Dgi each mgng van hoa v6 san (1966 - 1 9 7 6 ) Hang ngang: •§r!t:; H i e n n a y , khu v i i c n a y g o m c d b a o n h i e u quo'c gia? H o n d a o t h u o c T r u n g Q u o c bi Bo D a o N h a c h i e m d d n g tCf cuo'i t h e ki X I X , 2. T r o n g nhufng n a m C h i e n t r a n h t h e gidi thuf h a i , v d i s i / b a n h t r u d n g c u a the n h u n g T r u n g Q u o c da thu hoi c h u q u y e n doi v d i h o n d a o n a y tCf t h a n g 7 li/c p h a t xft, khu v i / c D o n g N a m A v d i n h i e u n i / d c d a t r d t h a n h t h u o c d i a rir:;.:J|: n a m 1 9 9 7 v a t r d t h a n h d a c khu h a n h c h f n h . c u a quoc gia chau A nao? 3. T r o n g ITnh v i / c doi n g o a i thdi gian 1959 - 1 9 7 8 , d o i v d i p h e t u b a n chu nghTa, s a u c h u y e n t h a m c u a vi T o n g t h o n g n a y c u a M 7 t h a n g 2 n a m 1 9 7 2 , " d a md 3. S a u khi t h i / c d a n H a Lan c o n g n h a n n e n d o c lap nSm 1 9 4 9 , q u o c gia d a u c h o q u a n h e h o a dju v d i MT. D d n g N a m A t h o n g n h a t n a y (tCrng dUdc b i e t d e n v d i t e n g p i N a m D i / d n g ) 4. D U d n g Id'i p h a t t r i e n c u a T r u n g Q u o c dUdc de ra tCr n a m 1 9 5 8 v d i hi v o n g d a ra d d i n g a y 15 t h a n g 8 n a m 1 9 5 0 , thiet lap c h e dp c o n g h o a . n h a n h c h d n g x a y d i / n g t h a n h c o n g c h u nghTa x a hoi v d i noi d u n g g o m " D u d n g Id'i c h u n g " , " D a i n h a y vpt", " C o n g xa n h a n d a n " . 5. D a y la n a m m d d a u c h o c o n g c u p c cai e a c h kinh te - x a hpi c u a T r u n g t i d n g D a n g C o n g s a n T r u n g Q u o c t r o n g d d lay p h a t t r i e n kinh te l a m trung t a m , t i e n h a n h c a i e a c h v a m d c t f a , c h u y e n n e n kinh te ke h o a c h h o a t a p t r u n g s a n g n e n kinh te thj t r u d n g x a hpi c h u nghTa linh h o g t h p n . 6. O n g la ngUdi de x t f d n g c o n g c u p c cai e a c h , m d cufa T r u n g Q u o c tCr n a m 1978. C o c a u noi ndi t i e n g ; " N e u trdi s a p thi ngUdi c a o se c h e t trUdc" de hai h u d c v e c h i e u c a o k h i e m t o n c u a m l n h . 4. Q u o c g i a tre n h a t khu v i / c D o n g N a m A, dUpc t a c h ra tCf I n d o n e x i a sau f c u p c t r u n g c a u d a n y n a m 1 9 9 9 , c d t h u do la D i li, p h a t t r i e n t h e o c h e d p t u b a n c h u nghTa. 5. S a u khi c u p c k h a n g c h i e n cho'ng M T c u a n h a n d a n C a m - p u - c h i a k e t t h u c t h a n g Ipi t h a n g 4 n a m 1 9 7 5 , t a p d o a n K h d m e d o d o n h a n v a t n a y l a n h d g o d a p h a n bpi e a c h m g n g , thi h a n h c h f n h s a c h d i e t c h u n g , t a n s a t ngudi dan Cam-pu-chia. 6. T h ^ n h p h o c u a P h a p , ndi kf H i e p d j n h h o a b i n h v e C a m - p u - c h i a n g a y 23 7. V d i S I / kien c o n t a u " T h a n C h a u 5" dUa n h a du h a n h v u trg n a y len k h d n g g i a n v u try n a m 2 0 0 3 , T r u n g Q u o c trd t h a n h q u o c gia thiJ b a t r e n the gidi s a u N g a v a M T c d t a u c u n g c o n ngUdi bay v a o v u t r g . : i 1. D o n g N a m A v o n la t h u o c dia c u a c a c n u d c d e q u o c Au - MT, N h a t B a n . da dap pha cac cd quan D a n g , chinh q u y e n , cd sd van hoa... 2. ; t h a n g 10 n a m 1 9 9 1 . 7. Qud'c g i a t h u o c k h u v i / c D o n g N a m A, tCr t h a n g 1 n a m 1 9 8 4 t r d t h a n h ,^ q u o y g i a add I S i S n p y c u n g l ^ ^ d i e n tich n h o t r o n g khu v i / c , nen[km'iUji^Ml^^^^ xuat k h i u . D V V UOUV ^ 8. Ong la Quoc vUdng cua Cam-pu-chia khi Vudng quoc Cam-pu-chIa di/^c thanh lap thang 9 nam 1993. Nam 2004, ong thoai vj. T£r khoa: Quoc gia Dong Nam A, tCrng la thuoc dia cua thi/c dan Phap roi de qu6'c MT, l^i trai qua hpa diet chung Pon Pot. 6 CHLf 4 B : D 6 N G N A M A V A A S E A N 7. Quoc gia \k thdnh vi§n thuf sdu cija to chufc ASEAN vSo n§m 1984 ngay sau khi tuyen bo' la quoc gia doc lap. 8. Hien nay, mac du san xuat cong nghiep cua Cam-pu-chia tang dang ke, nhung nen kinh te chu dao cua hg van ia nganh nghe gi? TiT khoa: Hien nay, to chufc nay cd 10 thanh vien vdi nude dupe ket ngp gan ' day nhat la Cam-pu-chia vao nam 1999. Ban Hien chUdng dupe kf nam 2007 vdi hudng phat then la xay di/ng to chufc thanh mot cong dong vufng manh. 6CHCf4C:XND0 Hang ngang: 1. Trong thdi gian 1945 - 1975, quoc gia Dong Nam A nay phai chong xam lUdc cua Phap, cua MTva gianh thang Idi, lap nen nude Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan thang 12 nam 1975 do Hoang than Xuphanuvong lam Chu tich. 2. Dao quoc thuoc khu vi/c Dong Nam A la mot "con rong" kinh te cua chau A du dien tfch rat nho. Hien nay dat nUdc nay dang di len vdi ngudi lanh dgo la ong Ly Hien Long. 3. Mot thdi gian dai quoc gia Dong Nam A nay nam dudi si/ cai tri cua chinh quyen quan si/ vdi chinh sach kinh te hudng noi, toe do tang trudng kinh te Cham chap. Day la dat nude ndi tieng vdi si/ phat trien cua dgo Phat va ngoi chua Vang d co do Rang gun. 4. Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A dudc thanh lap tgi Bang Cdc (Thai Lan) ngay 8 thang 8 nam 1967 vdi si/ tham gia cua 5 nude. Ten viet tat cua to chufc nay la gl? 5. Quoc gia thuoc khu vi/e Dong Nam A, la thanh vien thuf bay cua to chufc ASEAN khi dUde ket n^p ngay 28 thang 7 nam 1995 (tieng Anh). 6. TCr sau Hgi nghi cap cao Ian thiJ nhat hpp tgi hdn dao du lich nay cua Indonexia, hogt dong cua ASEAN trd nen khdi sac hdn khi xac djnh nhOng nguyen tSc cd ban trong quan he giOfa cdc nUdc trong to chiJc. 18 Hang ngang: 1. Quo'c gia rong Idn thuoc chau A, cd dan so dong thuf hai tren the gidi, la ndi ra ddi cua nhieu ton giao Idn tren the gidi nhu dao Phat, dgo Xfch, dgo Hindu... tCrng la thuoc dia cua thi/c dan Anh. 2. Do phong trao dau tranh doi doc lap cua nhan dan An Do, thi/c dan Anh da thi hanh phUdng an Maobattdn, hufa trao quyen ti/ trj cho An Dp tren cd sd gi de tCr do An Dp bj chia cat thanh hai quoc gia khac nhau? 3. Ong la ngudi lanh dgo Dang Quoc dgi va nhan dan An Dp tiep tgc cu6c dau tranh gianh doc lap do khong thoa man vdi quy che ti/ tri do thi/c dan Anh dUa ra. Ong chinh la Thu tudng dau tien cua nUdc An Dp doc lap, thi/dng dUdc gpi la Panditji (Nha hpc gia). 4. Trong cong cupc xay di/ng dat nude, nhd cupe "each mgng xanh" dupe tien hanh trong ITnh vi/e kinh te nay nhOng nam 70 cua the kl XX ma An Dp da ti/ tue dUdc lUdng thi/c cho mlnh va cd lua ggo xuat khau dufng thU ba tren the gidi. 19 BAI 5: CAC Nl/dC CHAU PHI VA Ml LATINH 5. Qudc gia dU0c tach ra tCr An Do nam 1947 tren cd sd ton giao. La qudc gia cua nhOng ngifdi theo dao Hoi vdi thu do la thanh phd Itxiamabat. Qudc gia nay nam d phi'a Tay Bac cua An Do ngay nay. 6 CHLf 5A: CAC NV6C CHAU PHI 6. Day la ITnh vi/c An Do theo duo'i chi'nh sach hda binh, trung lap tich ci/c va ludn ung hp cuoc dau tranh gianh dpc lap cua cac quoc gia, dan tpc tren the gidi. 7. Nhd cd cuoc each mang nay trong ITnh vi/c khoa hpc - kTthuat, An Dp da trd thanh mot trong nhQng cUdng qud'c san xuat phan mem Idn nhat the gioi (viet tat). Hang ngang: 1. La ch&u lyc Idn thuf ba tren the gidi vdi 54 quoc gia. Ve mat dia If, chau lyc nay ngan each vdi chau Au bdi Dia Trung Hai va ngan each vdi chau A qua kenh dao Su-e. Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai la thdi diem bung no' cac cuoc dau tranh gianh dpc lap cua nhan dan ndi day ehd'ng chu nghTa thg'c dan. 2. Qudc gia nam d ci/c Nam chau Phi. La ndi cd chu nghTa phan biet chung tpc (Apacthai) da chi'nh thiJc bi xda bd nam 1993 bdi ban Hien phap thang 11 nam 1993. 3. Day la nam dUdc gpi la Nam chau Phi bdi cd tdi 17 ni/dc thudc chau Phi dUdc trao tra dpc lap. 4. Vdi s\f t h i n g Ipi cua nhan dan Mddambich va Anggdia trong cuoc dau tranh ehd'ng chu nghTa thi/c dan Bd Dao Nha nam 1975, da danh dau... d chau Phi cung he thudc dja cua no bi tan ra (viet tat). Bgn hay hoan chinh dau ba cham nhe. 5. Sau cuoc bau CLT dan chu tai Nam Phi thang 4 nam 1994, dng trd thanh Tdng thong da den dau tien cua Cong hda Nam Phi. Ong tCfng trai qua 27 nam trong lao tu do hoat ddng each mgng. 6. Si,/ xung dot sac tpc, ton giao dao chi'nh, ndi chien cCing vdi benh tat, nan mu chOf, SI/ bung no' dan so, ddi ngheo, nd nan... da dan tdi tinh trang chung nay d da so cac qud'c gia chau Phi. 7. Day la to chufc lien chinh phu cua cac qud'c gia chau Phi, di/dc thanh lap nam 1963 vdi ten gpi To chufc thd'ng nhat chau Phi (GAU). Den nSm 2002 dUdc dd'i ten gpi la Lien minh chau Phi va viet tat la gi? 20 TCr khoa: D a i h o i d a n t p c Phi dLfpc t h a n h lap v a o n a m 1 9 1 2 d e d a u t r a n h 7. T r o n g q u a trlnh p h a t t h e n kinh te - x a h p i hien nay, n h i e u n u d e t h u p c k h u c h o q u y e n Ipi c u a ngUdi d a d e n 6 N a m P h i . N e n x d n M a n d e l a tCfng l a m vi,fe MT Latinh n h u B r a x i n , A c h e n t i n a , M e h i c d d a t r d t h a n h nhufng q u o c gia ChCi tjch c u a D g i h o i d a n toe P h i . T e n v i e t tat t i e n g A n h cCia t6 chufc n a y c o n g n g h i e p m d i , v i e t tat t h e o t i e n g A n h la...? la gl (tieng A n h ) ? ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8. O n g la vj l u a t sU tCrng ehi h u y c u p e t a n e o n g t r a i li'nh M o n e a d a n S m 1 9 5 3 k h d n g t h a n h e o n g nhUng v a n k i e n c U d n g h o a t d p n g e a c h m a n g , 6 C H O 5B: C A C Nl/dC M I LATINH lat d o C h e d p d o e t a i B a t i x t a , l a p n e n n a d e C o n g h o a C u b a n g a y 1 At thang 1 n a m 1959. 9. T r o n g t h a p kl c u d i n a y c u a t h e k? X X , kinh te c u a k h u v i / c MT Latinh d a g i a m miJc I g m p h a t c u a t h a p kl trUdc d o v a c d n h i e u c h u y e n b i e n tich c i ; c , thu h u t d u p e n h i e u v o n d a u t u n u d e n g o a i . TCr khoa: Q u o c d a o t h u p c v u n g b i e n C a r i b e , d a n g t r e n c o n d u d n g p h a t t r i e n c h e d p x a hpi c h u nghTa tCr n a m 1 9 6 1 . 4 8 Hang ngang: 1. S a u khi gianh dUdc d o c lap t u tay thUc d a n T a y B a n N h a v a B 6 D ^ O N h a v a o cuoi the kf XIX, c a c q u o c gia c h a u MT Latinh l^i le t h u p c v a o n u d e nay. D a y la q u o c gia a m m i / u bien khu v u c MT Latinh t r d t h a n h " s a n s a u " c u a m i n h . 2. N a m 1959, nUde C o n g h o a C u b a dupe thanh lap. D e n n a m 1 9 6 1 , Chinh p h u C u b a tuyen bo bat dau tien hanh cupe each m g n g nao (viet tat)? 3. Q u o c g i a t h u p c k h u v i / e MT Latinh la c a i n o i c u a n e n v a n h o a Inca r i / c r 6 , CO k h u di tfch M a c h u P i c c h u noi t i e n g . 4. T r o n g c u p e d a u t r a n h g i a n h d o e lap d a n t o o , c u n g v d i p h o n g t r a o b a i , c 6 n g c u a e o n g n h S n , n o i d a y c u a n o n g d a n , d a u t r a n h n g h j t r U d n g lap c h f n h p h u t i e n b p , c a o t r a o e a c h m a n g c u n g b u n g no m g n h m e v a c h a u MT L a t i n h e o n d i / p c g p i la...? 5. K h u v i / c t h u p c c h a u MT, g o m e d 3 3 nUde, eo t e n g p i d o d a s o d a n cU 6 d a y d u n g t i e n g T a y B a n N h a , t i e n g B o D a o N h a la nhOng thuf t i e n g t h u p c nguf h e l a t i n h . B r a x i n , A c h e n t i n a . . . t h u p c k h u vi,rc n a y . 6. Q u o c g i a c u a MT L a t i n h , d a g i a n h l^i q u y e n k i e m s o a t k e n h d a o c u n g t e n n a m 1 9 9 9 tCf t a y c u a MT. D a y la k § n h d a o n o i T h a i B l n h D U d n g v d i D g i Tay DUdng. 22 23 Trong ITnh vyc doi npi, chi'nh quyen MTvtfa tlm each khac phyc nhQng kho ChUcfng IV khan trong nude, dong thdi thyc hien nhQng chinh sach nham ngan chan, MI, T A Y A U , NHAT BAN (1945 - 2000) dan ap phong trao dau tranh cua giai cap doi lap nao? Day la nam d i l n ra cuoc khung hoang nang ludng dau mo tren toan the BAI 6: NOdC Ml gidi lam cho kinh te MT khung hoang, suy thoai keo dai tdi nam 1982. ! f Cung la nam MTphai ki Hiep djnh Pa-ri rut quan khoi Viet Nam. That bai trong cuoc chien tranh 21 nam xam iQdc quoc gia nay anh hudng nghiem trpng tdi "chien ludc toan cau" cua MTva sau do gay ra hoi chufng 6 C I l O 6A: Nl/dC MI TL/ 1945 - 1973 khung hoang doi vdi nhQng cQu binh tCrng tham gia chien tranh. 0 CHl7 6 B : NtfOiC MI TL/ NAM 1 9 7 3 D E N N A M 2 0 0 0 .6 Hang ngang: 1. Day la ITnh VLfc cua chinh quyen MT doi v6i dat ni/dc nham cai thien tinh hinh xa hoi, khac phyc nhQng kho khan trong nUdc trong thdi gian tif nam 1945 den dau nhOng nam 70 cua the ki XX. 2. nam tau vu try cua MT dua ngudi len Mat Trang, md dau cuoc chinh phyc Mat Trang cua con ngudi. 3. Qudc gia nay tr6 thanh trung tarn kinh te - tai chi'nh Idn nhat cua the gidi khoang 20 nam sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai. 4. Trong thdi gian \ii nam 1945 den nam 1973, ITnh vyc nay MT trien khai chien lygic toan cau vdi hi vong lam ba chu the gidi, thyc hien ba myc tieu chCi yeu gom ngan chan, xoa bo CNXH tren the gidi; dan ap phong trao giai phdng dan toe, phong trao cong nhan, phong trao cpng san; khd'ng Che, chi phoi cac nUdc dong minh. 24 Hang ngang: '•• 1. Vdi s y syp do cua Lien X6 va cac quoc gia xa hoi chu nghTa Dong Au, cung sy ket thuc cua cuoc Chien tranh lanh (nam 1989), MTtim each vudn len chi phoi, lanh dao toan the gidi, thiet lap nen trat ty mdi nay trong do MT la sieu cQdng duy nhat va dong vai trd lanh dgo. 3. Trat ty hai eye mang ten Hpi nghi dien ra nam 1945 glQa cac quoc gia phe Dong minh. Trat ty hai eye nay tan ra nam 1991 sau sy syp do cua Lien X 6 . 6. Trong ITnh vQc chinh tri va doi ngoai, thap ki 90 cua the kf XX, chi'nh quyen cua vj Tong thong nay da thyc hien chien lugfe "Cam ket va md rpng". Vd ong hien nay la Ngoai trudng cua MT. 25 Hang doc: BAI 7: TAY AU 2. DSy la cuoc chien tranh khong tieng siing giOra hai phe xa hoi chu nghTa va tu ban chu nghTa, dien ra mot thdi gian dai tCr sau khi Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai cham duft. Thang 12 nam 1989, MTva Lien X6 da chfnh thurc tuyen bo cham diJt cuoc chien tranh n^y lam cho tinh hlnh the gidi bdt cang thang hdn. 4. Day la nam d i l n ra vg khung bo ngay 11 thang 9 vao Lau NSm Gdc va tda thap ddi thUdng mgi l^m to^n nUdc MT rung dong va tCr do v4 sau chi'nh sach doi noi, ddi ngogi cua MTcd nhieu noi dung quan trpng lien quan tdi viec chong chu nghTa khung bd. 5. Du trong sudt thap ki 90 cua the kf XX, nUdc MTtrai qua nhieu dgit suy thoai ngan nhung trong ITnh vi/c nay, MT van dufng dau the gidi. Hang ngang: 1. DUgfc hieu 1^ khu vi/c thuoc chSu Au, la khu vi/c cua cac qudc gia theo Che dp ti/ ban chu nghTa de phan dinh vdi cac nude xa hpi chu nghTa thupc Dong Au ca ve mat dja If v^ thiet che xa hpi. Do Chien tranh the gidi thiJ hai, cac qudc gia thupc khu vi/c nay bi ton that nang ne. 2. Day la ke hoach cua MTvien trp cho cac qudc gia dong minh Tay Au de khdi phgc kinh te, k h i c phgc hau qua do Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai d l Igi. Nhi/ng cung la ke hogch de thong qua do l^m cho cac nt/dc dong minh TSy Au ngay cang le thupc MT. 3. La ITnh vgc ma trong thdi gian 1945 - 1950, cac qudc gia Tay Au Uu tien hang dau cho viec cung cd chfnh quyen, on djnh tinh hinh chfnh trj - xa hpi, han gan vet thuong chien tranh, phgc hoi kinh te, lien minh chat che vdi MT, lay Igi cac thupc dia cu. 4. Day 1^ to chufc lien minh quSn sg cua cac qudc gia tu ban chu nghTa 6 Tay Au thanh lap nam 1949 trong do MTIa mot thanh vien, dupc biet vdi ten gpi To chufc Hiep i/dc B^c Dgi Tay Duong. 5. Nhd sg vien trp cua MT, trong thdi gian 1945 - 1950, cac nude tu ban Tay Au CO ban phgc hoi va on djnh ve mpi mat, trd thanh ddi trpng vdi khdi xa hp! chu nghTa 6 khu vgc nay cua chau Au. 26 27 6. TCr nam 1950 den nam 1973, nhd c6 sy phyc hoi, phat trien nhanh ve kinh te, khu vyc Tay Au trd thanh mot trung tam kinh te - tai chinh Idn cua the gidi sau quoc gia nay va Nhat Ban. 5. Quoc gia chau Au dydc tai thong nhat ngay 3 thang 10 nam 1990 thanh quoc gia Lien bang sau khi bj chia cat sau Chien tranh the gidi thy hai. 6. Sy ket thuc cua cupc chien tranh nay nam 1989 va sy sup do cua trat ty 7. LTnh vyc nay dUpc hieu la quan he ngogi giao vdi ben ngoai, cac quoc hai eye lanta da lam cho chfnh sach dd'i ngogi cua cac quoc gia Tay Au gia Tay Au trong thdi gian 1950 den 1973 van tiep tyc thyc hien chinh thdi gian 1991 - 2000 cd sy thay ddi de thfch yng vdi tinh hinh mdi khi vya sach lien minh chat che vdi MT nhyng dong thdi c6 gang da dang hda, da giy quan he vdi IVITnhUng dong thdi tang cydng quan he ddi ngogi vdi cac phuong hda quan he ngoai giao. nydc dang phat trien A - Phi - MT Latinh, Dong Au... 8. Trong giai doan 1950 -1973, nhieu thudc dia cua Anh, Phap, Ha Lan da tuyen bo doc lap, danh dau thdi ki gl tren pham vi toan the gidi? 6 CHLf 7B: T A Y A U TLT N A M 1973 D E N N A M 2000 7. Du trong thdi gian 1991 den 2000, da so cac nydc Tay Au van lien minh chat che vdi quoc gia dong minh nay, thi Due va Phap l^i trd thanh ddi trpng vdi nydc n^y trong nhieu van de qudc te quan trpng. 6 CHLf 7C: U E N MINH CHAU Au - E U 1 2 ngang: Day la van ban dy^c kf ngay 25 thang 3 nam 1957 giSa sau nydc Phap, Hang ngang: Cong hda Lien bang Dye, Bi, Italia, Ha Lan, Lucxambua lam cd sd cho 1. Day la ITnh vyc ma nhieu nydc ty ban Tay Au do sy khung hoang nang ludng tren the gidi nam 1973 nen da lam vao khung hoang, suy thoai, phat trien khong o'n djnh trong mot thdi gian dai den dau thap ki 90 cua the ki XX. 2. Trong thdi gian 1973 den nam 1991, q u ^ trinh nay cua Tay Au trong khuon kho' Cong dong chau Au van con nhieu trd ngai va chya the thyc hien dupe de dua Tay Au trd thanh mot cong dong kinh te, chi'nh tri Chung nhat. 3. Trong ITnh vyc chinh trj - xa hoi cua cac nydc Tay A u , dien hinh nhat la loai toi pham nay d Italia. Day la to' chyc toi pham bi mat cua ngydi Sicily, dypc hinh thanh d vung dao Sicily cua Italia vao glQa the ki XIX. sy ra ddi cua "Cong dong nang lydng nguyen tCf chau Au" va "Cong dong kinh te chau Au". La mot trong nam cO quan ehi'nh cua EU ton tai ben canh cac cd quan Hpi dong Bp trydng, Uy ban chau Au, Qudc hpi chau Au, Tda an chau Au. Ten Viet tat tieng Anh cua Cong dong kinh te chau Au la to chye dem tdi viee hpi nhap kinh te (gdm mot thj trydng chung). Ten gpi dong tien chung cua EU, dUdc phat hanh ngay 1 thang 1 nam 1999 va chinh thyc sCr dyng ngay 1 thang 1 nam 2002 d cac qudc gia thanh vien EU de thay cho dong ban te. To chye ra ddi ng^y 1 thang 7 nSm 1967 vdi ten gpi Cong dong eh§u 4. Day 1^ van ban ve an ninh va hdp tac chau Au dypc cac nydc Tay Au Au tren cd sd hpp nhat ba to chyc gdm Cong ddng than - thep chau Au, tham gia ki ket nam 1975 gdp phan lam cho tinh hinh do'i ngoai cua Tay Cong ddng nang lypng nguyen tCr chau Au va Cong ddng kinh te chau Au trong thdi gian 1973 - 1991 dupe cai thien. Au. Ten Viet tat tieng Anh cua Cong ddng chau Au la gi? 28 29 6. Q u d c g i a D o n g N a m A , thiS't l a p q u a n h # v d l E U ( t r U d c dd \A E E C ) BAI 8: NHAT BAN nam 1990. 7. TCr s a u n i / d c t h a n h v i e n b a n d a u , d e n n a m 2 0 0 7 , E U c 6 tat c a b a o n h i § u q u o c gia t h d n h v i e n ? 6 CHCr 8A: N H A T B A N TH N A M 1945 D £ N N A M 1973 Tif k h d a : T o churc m a n g t(nh k h u vi^c p h ^ t t r i e n m o t thj t r u d n g c h u n g t h d n g q u a he t h o n g luat p h a p tieu c h u a n a p d y n g c h o tat c a c d c n u d e thanh vien nham dam bao s i ; ILTU thong ti/ do c u a con ngi/di, hang hda, d i c h v y v a v o n . D u y tri c a c chi'nh s a c h c h u n g v e t h i / d n g m g i , n o n g n g h i ^ p , ngir n g h i e p v a p h a t t h e n dia p h i / d n g (tieng A n h v i e t t a t ) . T5 Hang ngang: 1. T h a t b a i trong C h i e n t r a n h the gidi thu' hai, N h a t B a n d a bj q u a n d o i c u a n u d e nko v d l d a n h nghTa li/c liJdng D o n g m i n h c h i e m d d n g tCr nSm 1945 den n a m 1952? 2. T h e o Hi§'n p h a p c u a N h a t B a n n a m 1 9 4 7 , N h a t B a n la q u d c g i a t h e o c h e d p n a y trong dd d u c o n v u a n h u n g q u y e n \\jlc t h i / c s\j t h u o c v e c h i n h p h u d o T h u t i / d n g dufng d a u (viet t a t ) . 3. Trong ITnh vi/c kinh te tCf nam 1945 d e n nam 1952, Nhat Bkn thii tieu c h g d6 tap trung kinh te, trong do c6 viec giai toan nhufng to chufc kinh te nay, dUpc hieu la cac tap d o a n , c o n g ti iu ban lung d o g n c o n m a n g tinh chat d d n g hp. 4. T r o n g c h f n h s a c h ddi n g o g i thdi gian 1945 - 1 9 5 2 , N h a t B a n chS'p n h a n dufng t r o n g " c h i e c 6" bSo v e gi c u a M I ma t h e o dd M7 di/pc p h 6 p d d n g q u a n v a x a y dijlng c a n cuf q u a n s i ; t r e n l a n h t h d N h a t B a n ? 5. TCf n a m 1952 d e n n a m 1973, kinh te N h a t B a n p h a t t h e n n h a n h v a t h a d n g d i f p c g p i la giai d o g n p h a t trien... ( B a n h a y h o d n c h l n h d a u b a cha'm n h e ) . 6. De d a y n h a n h s i / p h a t trien d a t nUdc, N h a t B a n d a t i e n h a n h m u a nhOng s a n p h a m trf t u e n a y ap d y n g v a o trong s a n xuS't va ti'nh d e n nSm 1 9 6 8 , s d ti^n m u a nhOng loai s a n p h a m trf tue ndi c h u n g n a y da l e n tdi 6 tf U S D . 7. Day la ITnh v i / c ma tCr n a m 1955 d e n n a m 1 9 9 3 , D a n g D a n c h u T y do ( L D P ) lien t g c c a m q u y e n d N h a t B a n . 8. T r o n g t h d i gian 1952 - 1 9 7 2 , n e n t a n g c d b a n c u a ITnh v y c nay ddi v d i N h a t B a n v a n la S I / l i e n m i n h c h a t c h e v d l MT. 30 31 6 CHtf 8B: NHAT BAN T l / N A M 1 9 7 3 Chtecfng V N N A M 2000 QUAN H E Qudc T E ( 1 9 4 5 - 2 0 0 0 ) BAI 9: QUAN HE QUOC TE TRONG VA SAU THCll K1 CHIEN TRANH LANH 1 2 3 6 CHtr 9 A : M A U T H U A N D O N G - T A Y V A S V KHClfl D A U C U A C H I E N T R A N H 4 LANH 5 1 6 7 4 Hang ngang: 1. Day la nam dien ra cupc khung hoang nang lUdng the gidi, cOng tCf do F ; ' " ' tac dpng tdi kinh te cua Nhat Ban, xen ke vdi st/ phat then la nhOng giai 6 dogn suy thoai ngan. 2. Trong ITnh vUc nay, tCf nam 1993 danh dau su cham duft 38 nam cam quyen cua Dang Dan chu Ti^ do (LDP) ma tCf do cho den nam 2000 chi'nh quyen Nhat Ban thupc ve cac phe doi lap hoac lien minh cac dang phai khac lam cho tinh hlnh xa hoi Nhat Ban khong on dinh. 3. Trong chinh sach doi ngoai cua Nhat Ban thdi gian 1973 den nam 2000, Nhat Ban rat chu trong md rpng quan he ngoai giao hpp tac ve kinh te, xa hoi vdi cac nUdc trong khu vi^c nay cua chau A (trong do c6 Viet Nam). 4. Day la ITnh vifc ma Nhat Ban van c6 s\} phat then cao. Ti'nh den nam 1992, Nhat Ban da phong 49 ve tinh khac nhau va hdp tac hieu qua vdi MT, Lien X6 (nay la Lien bang Nga) trong cac chUdng tnnh vu trg quoc te (viet tat). 5. LTnh vi,/c nay trong thdi gian 1991 - 2000, Nhat Ban van lien minh chat che vdi MT nhung van coi trong quan he vdi Tay A u , dong thdi md rpng quan he vdi cac nUdc khu vuc Dong Nam A. 6. Day la trang phuc truyen thong cua ngUdi Nhat Ban, the hien net van hoa heng cua Nhat Ban so vdi cac dan too khac. 7. Du la nUdc tu ban chu nghTa phat trien cao, nhUng trong ITnh vi/c dUdc hieu la ddi song tinh than nay, Nhat Ban van giuf dUdc nhOng net truyen thong va ban sac heng cua minh cung vdi sii hien d^i. Hang doc: Thanh pho la thu do cua Nhat Ban. 32 7 8 Hang ngang: 1. Day la tinh the mdi giOa hai ci/dng quoc Lien X6 - MTsau khi ket thuc si^ lien minh trong Chien tranh the gidi thiJ hai, tCr do md dau cho sy bung no Chien tranh Ignh. 2. Sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai, lo nggi anh hudng ngay cang to Idn cua Lien X6, quoc gia nay ra s(sc cho'ng pha Lien X6 va cac nude xa hoi chu nghTa di/a tren s i ; giau mgnh ve kinh te va si/ doc quyen vu khf nguyen tCr. 3. Vdi SI/ Idn mgnh cua Lien X6, s\i ra ddi nhieu nUdc xa hoi chu nghTa b Dong Au, sU thanh cong cua each mgng Trung Quoc d i n tdi si,r ra ddi cua ni/dc Cong hoa Nhan dan Trung Hoa. Thiet che chfnh th n^y da trd thanh mot he thong tren the gidi tCr Dong Au tdi chau A (viet t^t). 4. Tren ban dao nay thupc chau A sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai da chia cat thanh hai quoc gia vdi hai che dp chinh th khac nhau vao nam 1948. 5. Day la quo'c gia dufng dau phe xa hoi chu nghTa sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai, la quoc gia chu trUdng duy th hoa binh, an ninh the gidi, bao ve nhOng thanh qua cua chili nghTa xa hoi va day mgnh phong trao each m^ng the gidi. 33 6. Cuoc Chien tranh lanh giOa hai phe tu ban chu nghTa vk xa hoi chiJ nghTa dien ra tren hau het cac ITnh vi/c tCr chinh trj, den kinh te, van hoa, tU ludng, ngogi trCf s i ; xung dot tri/c tiep trong ITnh vi/c v6 cung nhgy cam nay. 7. Sau khi Chien tranh the gidi thCr hai ket thuc, day la khu vUc chufng kien si/ xam lufdc trd lai cua thUc dan Phap trong thdi glan 9 nam tCf 1945 - 1954 nhu'ng that bai. 8. Cuoc khang chien chong de quoc MT xam lUdc cua nhan dan quoc gia nay trong thdi gian 1954 - 1975 trd thanh mot noi dung quan trpng cua Ijch sCr the gidi va danh dau si/ that bgi tham hgi cua de quoc MT trong mi/u do b^ chu the gidi. 3. Ong i § n c^m q u y i n b L i § n X6 tCf nSm 1985 vd md dSu cho c6ng cu6c c^i \6 nhung khdng th^nh cong. 4. Che dp xa hoi n^y sau nhieu nSm khung hoang, tri tre keo dai da dan dSn bj tan ra 6 U&n X6 va cac qud'c gia Dong Au trong thdi gian nhQng nam 1989 - 1991 (viettSt). 5. VTtuyen dUdc IS'y lam ranh gidi giOa hai nUdc Cong hda Dan chu NhSn dan Trieu Tien va Dgi Han Dan quo'c ke tCr nam 1948. 6. TU sau khi trat ti/ th§' gidi "hai ci/c" bi sgp do dau thap nien 90 cua the kl XX, trat ti/ the gidi mdi dUdc hinh thanh theo xu hudng gi? 7. Day la quoc gia cd tham vpng va dang ra sufc thiet lap mot trat tu t h ^ gidi Hang doc- "ddn ci/c" do minh lam ba chu. Day la cuoc chien tranh khong tieng sung nhang dien ra dai dang trong si/ doi lap, xung dot giufa hai phe tu ban chu nghTa va xa hoi chu nghTa (viet tat). 6 CHLf 9B: X U THfe' HOA HOAN D 6 N G - TAY VA CHI^N TRANH LANH CHAM DLfT Hang doc: Hdn d^o thuOcDja Trung Hai, la ndi vao thang 12 nSm 1989 hai nha lanh dgo Lien X6 va MT la M. Godcbachop va G. Busd (cha) cung tuyen bd ch^m dift Chi§'n tranh Ignh. 5 Hang ngang: 1. Day la van ban dUdc kf ket nSm 1975 giufa 33 nude chSu Au cung vdi MT va Canada khang dinh nhOng nguyen tac trong quan he giufa cac quoc gia va sU hpp tac glQa cac nudc, t^o nen co ch6 giai quyet cac van d^ lien quan den hda binh, an ninh d chau Au. 2. La nam d i l n ra cuoc khung bo 11 thang 9 v^o nUdc MT, dat cac quoc gia - dan tpc trudc nhOfng thach thUc cua chu nghTa khung bo vdi nhOfng nguy cd khd ludng. 34 35 chumg VI Hang doc: CACH MANG KHOA H O C -CONG N G H E VA X U T H E TOAN C A U H O A BAI 10: CACH MANG KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE VA XU T H E TOAN CAU H(5A NUfA SAU THE Kl XX 6 C H 0 lOA: C U O C C A C H M A N G K H O A H Q C - C 6 N G NGH£ 1. Day la ITnh vi/c con ngudi tim mpi each kham pha, chinh phyc va da chi/ng kien si/ ra ddi cua ve tinh nhan tgo, du hanh vu trg, tau khong gian... 2. LTnh vi/c kinh te c6 cupc each mgng xanh nhd nhOng th^nh ti/u trong cong nghe di truyen, cong nghe te bao, cong nghe vi sinh va cong nghe enzim... 4. Hien nay, viec sir dyng may tfnh khap mpi ndi va c6 kha nang lien ket vdi nhau bdi cac mgng truyen dOf lieu da hinh thanh nen mgng thong tin may tfnh to^n eau, dLfpic gpi la? 5. Day la dpng vat ra ddi bSng phi/dng phap sinh san v6 tfnh dau tien tren the gidi vao nSm 1997 tai Xcotlen. 6 CHLf lOB: X U T H £ ' T O A N cAu H O A V A A N H H l / d N G C U A N O Hang ngang: Hang ngang: 3. Day la thanh ti/u to Idn trong ITnh vi/c cong nghe cua con ngi/di, duoc hieu la ngudi may c6 the thi/c hien nhOfng cong viec mot each ti; dpng bang si/ dieu khien cua may tfnh hoac cac vi mgch dien tir dupe lap trinh. 6. Trong giai dogn thuf hai cua cupc c^ch mgng khoa hpc - kTthuat tCr sau CUOC khung hoSng nang lLr(?ng 1973 den nay, each mgng khoa hpc - kT thuat chu yeu dien ra ve mat gi ma d do c6 si/ ra ddi cua the he may tinh dien tCr mdi, vat li^u mdi, dgng nang lupng mdi...? 36 1. Day la xu the phd bien tren the gidi tCr he qua eCia each m^ng khoa hpc cong nghe ke tCf dau nhOng nam 80 cua the kf XX. 2. Ten viet tat tieng Anh cua Quy tien t# quce te, la mot to chifc quoc te giam sat he thong tai chfnh toan eau bang theo doi tl gia hoi doai va can can thanh toan, cung nhi/ ho trd ky thuat va giup dd tai chfnh khi c6 yeu cau. Trg sd chfnh dat cJ MT. 3. Mot trong nhOng bleu hien cua xu the to^n c^u hda 1^ si/ sap nhap va h0p nhat cac cong ti thanh nhOng to chufc n^y nham tang cudng kh^ nang cgnh tranh tren thj tri/dng trong va ngoai nUdc. 4. Ten viet tat tieng Anh cua Dien dan h - Xem thêm -