K600T
ThS.NGUYEN DINH DO
GIAI Q U Y E T
NHA XUAT B A N D A I HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
THS.NGUYIN
DilMH DO
GIAI Q U Y E T
NHANH GON
DE THI D A I HOC
mon
THI/ ViEN TJNHBIMH TMUAN
Ha
Npi
NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NQI
Cac em hoc s i n h t h a n men
De l a m t o t bai t h i D a i hoc la mong muon cua t a t ca cac em t r o n g cac
mua t h i . Doi v(5i m o n Hoa, day l a i la v a n de bijfc thiet I d n , v i le n o i dung de
t h i Hoa t r a i dai ca ba k h o i 10; 11; 12 k h i e n k l i o i lifgrng k i e n thijfc di/cfng
n h i i la ca mot b i e n trofi m e n h mong, vo t a n ...
That ra, Hoa hoc la m o n hoc r a t nhe n h a n g ne'u cae. em biet hoc c6
phqo'ng phap, v i le t a t ca phan ufng hoa hoc hay t i n h chat hoa hoc cua cac
chat deu dUofc xac d i n h thee cac qui luat. Do do v a n de la n a m dtfOc cac qui
luat nay t h i t a deu c6 the de dang diT doan t i n h chat hoa hoc m o t chat, hay
de dang viet r a san pham phan ijfng giffa cac chat m a k h o n g can phai hoc
thuoc san p h a m nhir cac em l a m tiio'ng bay lau nay. N o i khac d i , hoc Hoa
khong can phai hoc thuoc long, k h o n g can p h a i nhcr n h i e u nhiJng dieu ma
chi can qua suy luan c6 the de dang n h a n r a chung (chang h a n t r o n g mot
nhom A k h i d i tCf t r e n xuong difdi t h i ban k i n h nguyen tii" cac nguyen to bat
buoc phai tang dan, do'n gian v i so Idp electron cua nguyen tuf cac nguyen to
nay tang dan).
Nguyen tSc hoc Hoa la the, tuy vay neu k h o n g c6 k y t h u a t l a m b a i t h i
trac nghiem khach quan t h i diem so' se k h o n g n h i i y so v(5i thiic life. Do la
thifc te ma bat cuf hoc sinh nao cung c6 the n h a n ra, va day c h i n h la l y do
ra ddi ciia tap sach nay.
Chuc cac em t i m thay n i e m vui t r o n g hoc tap, va n h a t la p h a i dat diftfc
ket qua m y m a n n h a t t r o n g t h i cuf.
Tac gia
Nguyin Dlnh 06
3
O CHLTdNG I
KY THa6T Gl^l DE THI TR^C NGHIEM
Mot dieu khong the phu nhan la du ndm rat chSc cac k i e n thijTc trong sach
giao khoa, nhieu t h i sinh vSn khong the giai quyet t r o n ven cac cau hoi trong
cac de t h i Dai hoc. Mot thqc te la da so cac cau trSc nghiem ly thuyet cung nhif
bai tap ma t h i sinh xem la rSc r o i , d i bi mat diem trong cac de t h i , hoac cac
cau ma t h i sinh con mii mcr hay ma ho ve hqdng giai l a i c6 the giai quyet rat
tot bang phtfang phap loai triT.
Vay the nao la phqang phap loai trif? De de h i n h dung, h-ay xem mot v i du
sau khong lien quan den Hoa hoc:
Trong so cac nhiem ky long thong My tie xUa den nay, vi tong thong
nhdt doc than den cud'i dai Id:
A. Bill Clinton
B. Jone F.
C. James Buchanan
D. Abraham
duy
Kennedy
Lincoln
Dap an dung cho cau hoi t r e n la C (James Buchanan). Nhiftig ro rang, cau
tra Idi nay khong phai xuat phat iii sii hieu biet ve than the James Buchanan,
vi v i tong thong thijf 15 ciia Hop chung quoc Hoa ky nay la mot ten tuoi kha xa
la vdri chung ta. Cach lam d day la dung phqang phap loai trif: Trifdc tien loai
triT B i l l Clinton v i han chiing t a con nh6 hai vg chong tong thong B i l l Clinton
ti/ng CO chuyen ghe tham Viet Nam (nam 2000). Tiep theo, tong thong Jone F.
Kennedy cung nam trong danh sach loai trii, vi vu am sat ong vao nam 1963
tai thanh pho' Dallas, tieu bang Texas k h i dang cung phu nhan t h a m vieng tieu
bang nay, la mot sii kien chan dong the gidi thcfi do va hien nay c6 le khong ai
khong biet. Cuo'i cung, loai trCf not Abraham Lincoln do cupc hon nhan day bait
hanh ciia v i tong thong nay da dqcfc ghi l a i qua kha nhieu giai thoai.
Ro rang James Buchanan phai la sii liia chon cuo'i cung!
Chung ta tiep tuc xem mot v i du c6 le gan gui hon v i du tren, va van la mot
v i du khong lien quan den Hoa hoc:
Hoa iCac Gidp Than hay con c6 ten Hoa uac Patenotre (Pa-ta-not), Id hoa Udc
cuo'i Cling nha Nguyen ky vai thuc dan Phap. Hoa Uac Gidp Than dugc ky vdo
nam ndo ditai day?
A. 194S
B. 1789
C. 1752
D. 1884
Khong dijng cong thufc doi nam duong lich sang nam am lich, ro rang phai
loai trii nam 1948, v i trieu dai riEa Nguy§n ket thuc k h i vua Bao D a i tuyen bo'
thoai v i , trao an kie'm cho dai dien chinh phu Viet nam dan chii cong hoa vao
nam 1945. Cung nhanh chong loai trii nam 1789, v i day la nam vua Quang
Trung keo quan ra Thang Long tieu diet quan Thanh. Luc nay trieu dai nha
5
N g u y i n chtfa diigc t.hie't lap, v i chi k h i
Anh mcri x L f n g ngoi vua, lay nien hieu
N g u y i n . Hoan toan ttfctng t i i n h i f tren,
N g u y i n chi c6 the bat dau tCf sau nam
nien hieu Gia Long nam 1802).
danh bai ducfc nha Tay Scfn,
la Gia Long, md dau trieu
loai trCr nSm 1752, v i trieu
1789 (Nguyen Anh len ngoi
Nguyen
dai nha
dai nha
vua, lay
Vay liia chon cuo'i cung phai la D (nam 1884).
Bay gid, ta bat tay vao mot v i du thuoc ve l i n h vifc Hoa hoc:
Co 3 ancol sau: CH3OH
(I); CH3CH2CH2OH
(II); CHsCmCHsJOH
(III).
TM
tu tang dan nhiet do soi cda 3 ancol tren theo chieu til trdi sang phdi la:
A. (II); (I); (III)
B. (I); (III);
(II)
C. (II); (III);
(I)
D. (Ill);
(I); (II)
Se CO rat nhieu h o c sinh lung tung k h i doc v i du tren, do sach giao khoa
hoan toan khong de cap den nhiet do s o i cua 2 ancol dong phan, cu the d day
la cac ancol
C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 O H va CH3CH(CH3)OH. Tuy vay de dang nhan ra
phai loai trCf A (ancol I C k h o n g the c6 n h i e t do soi cao h a n ancol 3C); Cung l i
do
do, phai loai trCr C va D, nen nhanh chong t i m dtfcJc dap an dung la B (thUc
te nhiet do soi cua 3 ancol C H 3 O H ; C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 O H ; C H 3 C H ( C H 3 ) O H Ian luat
la 64,7°C; 97,2°C va 82,3°C).
Vf du sau day la mot dien hinh ro net cho viec sijf dung phucfng phap loai tni:
Cho bot Fe vdo dung dich gSm AgNOs vd Cu(N03)2.
Sau khi cac phan ring
xdy ra hoan toan, thu dugc dung dich X gom hai mudi vd chat rdn Y gom hai
kim
loai. Hai muoi trong X vd hai kim loai trong Y Idn lilat Id:
D. Cu(N03)2; AgNOg va Cu; Ag
C. Fe(N03)2; Fe(N03)3 va Cu; Ag
B. Cu(N03)2; Fe(N03)2 va Ag; Cu
A. Cu(N03)2; Fe(N03)2 va Cu; Fe
(Dai
hoc 2013 -- khoi A)
Khong mat nhieu thcfi gian de nhan ra dap an can t i m la B. That vay, ta
loai trii ngay A, v i Fe t r o n g Y phai tac dung vdi Cu(N03)2 t r o n g X nen sau
phan ufng khong the thu difac nhOfng chat nhtf the; tiicrng tii la loai triT ngay C
vi Cu t r o n g Y phai tac dung vdi Fe(N03)3 t r o n g X, va cuoi cung loai trCr ngay D
vi Cu t r o n g Y phai tac dung vdi AgN03 t r o n g X. Ro r a n g phifcfng phap loai triT
hgp nay da to r o tfu the t r o n g giai trac nghiem!
t r o n g trLfcfng
Can biet them rang phifcfng phap loai tnlf khong phai chi dimg cho cac cau
trac nghiem ly thuyet. Trong mot so' bai toan ma hudng di con mu mcJ, chiia
the dinh h i n h t h i phucfng phap loai trif cung g i u p ta loai bo cac phifong an sai,
ti^ do xac dinh diicfc dap an ciia bai toan. Cac em hay quan sat v i du sau:
Hoa tan hodn todn m gam Al bdng dung dich HNO3 lodng, thu dugc 5,376
lit (dktc) hSn hgp khi X gom N2, N2O vd dung dich chiia 8m gam mudi. Tl khoi
cua X so vdi H2 bdng 18. Gia tri cua m Id
A. 17,28
B. 19,44
C. 18,90
D. 21,60
(Dai
hpc 2013 - khoi A)
6
r
Rat nhieu hoc sink nhanh chong xdc dinh dugc buac ddu tien d ddy la phdi
tim so mol tilng khi. Do Id huang di diing! Theo dU kien dd cho, ta cd so mol
N2 = so mol NoO = 0,12 mol.
Tuy nhien huang di tiep ddi vdi mot so em cd the Id chua ro rang, khi dd ta
dung philang phdp loai triC:
Be y rdng tong so mol electron md N*^ dd nhan de too N2 vd
NoO = 0,12.10 + 0,12.8 = 2,16 mol, do do:
17 28
- Loai tril A, vi neu chon m = 17,28 thi nAi -—'—
= 0,64 mol. Khi dd
27
rieiectron do Ai cho = 0,64.3 = 1,92 mol < 2,16 mol.
18 90 —
• Loai trii C, vi neu chon m = 18,90 thi nAi =—'—0,70 mol. Khi dd
27
neiectron do Ai cho = 0,70.3 = 2,10 mol < 2,16 mol.
19 44
- Loai trie B, vi neu chon m = 19,44 thi UAI =—
= 0,72 mol.Khi dd
2.1
n-eiectron doAi cho = 0,72.3 = 2,16 chitng to khdng tgo NH4NO3.
Do dd
rn.,nu6i =
rn
+ 62(10.0,12
+ 8.0,12) --^ 8m <=> m -
19,13-^19,44.
Vdy chon D.
Cdch
khdc
Nhif tren da noi, ta chi dung phuang phap loai triT k h i hiTdrng giai bai toan
con mcf ho, chifa xac dinh. Neu da n&m dtfcfc phiicfng phap giai toan ve k i m loai
tac dung vori H N O a , bai n a y di/gc giai theo bao toan electron nhuf sau:
Ta cd so mol N2 = sd mol N2O = 0,12 mol.
Gid sit mud'i ihu diigc gom ~
mol AKNOsJs vd. x mol
NH4NO3.
27 + 8 0 x - 8 m <:> x = 720
T a c d 213 —
Bao todn electron cho 3 — = 0,12.10 + 0,12.8 + 8 - ^ «
11
720
m = 21,6.
Hoac trong v i du sau t h i phi/ang phap loai trCf the h i e n ro lAi diem trong giai
trac nghiem:
Hidro hda hodn todn 0,025 mol hdn hgp X gom hai andehit can 1,12 lit H2
(dkc). Mat khdc, khi cho cung lUgng X tren phdn ling vdi mot lUgng dU dung
dich AgNOs trong NH3 thi thu dugc 8,64 gam Ag. Cong thiCc can tgo cda hai
andehit trong X Id:
A. OHC-CH2-CHO
B. H-CHO vd
vd OHC-
OHC-CH2-CHO
CH2-CH2CHO
C. C H s C - C H O vd
D. CH2=CH-CH0
vd
OHCCH2-CHO
OHC-CHO
Gidi
Ta CO so lien ket n truns
"H
0,05
binh = — ^ = —
= 2 nen loai trie B, C.
"KK
0,025
hh
'
Mat khdc so mol Ag = 0,08 tiic ux •' nAg = 1 : 3,2 nen phdi loai tril A.
Yqy chon
D.
D i e u dac b i e t l a d nhCfng cau l y t h u y e t h a y b a i t o a n m a dcr l i e u da cho l a
k h o n g d a y d u t h i phifcfng p h a p l o a i t n f t o r o l a m o t sir l i i a chon t o i UU. T h a t
vay, t a x e t v i d u sau:
X la chat hOu ca tdc dung vai Na diC cho so mol H2 bay ra b&ng so mol
NaOH
can diing de trung hba het cUng luang X tren. Cong thiCc phan tit cila X Id
A. C4H8O2.
C. C7H12O2.
B. CeHi403
D. CgHioOz
De d a n g loai trtr ngay B v i CGHMOS k h o n g p h a n tfng di/oc vcri N a O H . Cung loai
tvii ngay A, C v i C4H8O2 v a C7H12O2 g i a i phong so m o l H2 = — so m o l N a O H .
2
Vdy chon
D.
Hoac a v i d u sau, do c6 v6 so' h 6 n h o p ancol t h o a m a n de b a i n e n n e u sa da
vao g i a thie't se k h o n g t h e c6 k e t qua:
Cho hon hap X gom
hai ancol. Dot chdy hodn todn 0,3 mol hSn hap X thu
dugc 22 gam CO2. Mat khdc 0,3 mol X tdc dung vai Na dU diiac 5,6 lit H2 (dkc).
Hai ancol dd cho Id:
A. CH3OH
vd C2H5OH
C. C2H/OH)2
B. CH3OH
vd C3HdOH)2.
D. CH3OH
vd C3H6(OH)2.
vd
C3H5(OH)3.
T a l o a i t r i f n g a y A , B v a C do h 6 n h o p c6 so C t r u n g b i n h = so' n h o m O H
= 1,66. V a y c h o n D , tufc 2 ancol t r e n l a C H 3 O H v a C3H5(OH)3.
trung binh - ^
B A I TAP AP D U N G
1 . Cho b o t M g va Fe vao d u n g d i c h g o m A g N 0 3 v a Cu(N03)2. Sau k h i cac p h a n
ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n , t h u difcfc d u n g dich X g o m b a m u o i v a c h a t r a n Y g o m
h a i k i m l o a i . B a m u o i t r o n g X v a h a i k i m l o a i t r o n g Y I a n li/cft l a :
A . M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 ; Fe(N03)2; F e ( N 0 3 ) 3 v a Fe; Cu.
B. Cu(N03)2; A g N O s ; F e ( N 0 3 ) 3 v a A g ; Cu.
C. M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 ; F e ( N 0 3 ) 3 ; Cu(N03)2 v a A g ; Cu.
D . Mg(N03)2; Fe(N03)2; Cu(N03)2 v a A g ; Cu.
8
Gidi
Ro rang dap an can tim Id D. That vdy, ta loai trit ngay A, vi Fe vd Cu
trong Y phdi tdc dung vai FefNOsJs trong X nen sau phdn ring khong the thu
dugc nhQng chat nhii the; tuang tu Id loai trie ngay B vi Cu trong Y phdi tdc
dung vai FefNOsJs vd AgNOs trong X, vd cuoi cung loai trit ngay C vi Cu trong
Y phdi tdc dung vai Fe(N0s)3 trong X. Vdy chon D.
2. C h o h o n hcfp g o m F e v a M g v a o d u n g d i c h A g N O a , k h i c a c p h a n uTng x a y r a
h o a n t o a n t h u diicfc d u n g d i c h X ( g o m h a i muo'i) v a c h a t rfin Y ( g o m h a i k i m
loai). H a i muoi t r o n g X l a :
A. Mg(N03)2 v a Fe(N03)2
B . Fe(N03)2 v a AgNOa
C. Fe(N03)3 v a Mg(N03)2 '
D . AgNOg v a Mg(N03)^_
Gidi
Chu y rdng rdn Y d day Id Ag vd Fe (dang bdi tap cho hdn hap kim loai vdo
dung dich gom hdn hap cdc muoi thi rdn thu dugc phdi Uu tien Id cdc kim loai
CO tinh khit yeu nhdt).
Do do di ddng loai trii cdc phitang dn B, C, D vd lua chon dap dn A.
Vdy chon A.
3. T h i n g h i e m n a o s a u d a y chufng to t r o n g p h a n tuf glucozcf c6 5 n h o m h i d r o x y l ?
A . Khijf h o a n t o a n glucozcf t h a n h h e x a n .
B . C h o glucozcf t a c d u n g vdri C u ( O H ) 2 .
C . T i e n h a n h p h a n ufng t a o e s t e c i i a g l u c o z a vdri a n h i d r i t a x e t i c .
D . T h i f c h i e n p h a n ufng t r a n g b a c .
Gidi
Loai trie A vi day Id thi nghiem de chiing minh phdn td glucoza c6 6C khong
phdn nhdnh.
Loai trii B vi ddy la thi nghiem de chiing minh phdn tit glucoza c6 cdc nhom
OH ditng ke nhau.
Loai triiD vi ddy la thi nghiem de chitng minh phdn tic glucoza c6 nhom -CHO.
Vdy chon C.
4 . C h o p h a n ijfng : N 2 ( k ) + 3 H 2 ( k ) <
> 2NH3 ( k ) ; AH = -92
k J . H a i bien phap
deu l a m c a n b a n g c h u y e n d i c h theo c h i e u t h u a n l a
A . g i a m n h i e t do v a g i a m a p s u a t .
B . t a n g n h i e t do v a t a n g a p s u a t .
C . g i a m n h i e t do v a t a n g ^p s u a t .
D . t a n g n h i e t do v a g i a m a p s u a t .
Gidi
Loai trii A vi gidm dp suat thi can bdng se chuyen dich theo chieu
Loai trie B, D vi tang nhiet dp thi can bdng se chuyen dich theo chieu
nghich.
nghich.
Vdy chon C.
9
5. Cho phircfng t r i n h hoa hoc: 2X + 2NaOH
> 2CH4 + K2CO3 + NagCOg
Chat X la
A. CH2(COOK)2
B. CH2(COONa)2
C. C H 3 C O O K
D. CHgCOONa
Gidi
Loai trii A, B vi khong bdo tocin H a 2 ve.
. Loai trii D vi Xphdi
chiia. nguyen
to K. Vdy chon C.
6. Cac polime thuoc loai tcf nhan tao la
A. tot visco; ta nilon-6,6; tcf capron.
B. tcf t a m ; tcf vinilon; tcf visco.
C. ta nilon-6,6; ta capron; len
D. ta visco; ta xenluloza axetat; ta dong-arnoniac.
(Dai hoc 2012 - khoi B)
Gidi
Chii y rdng vai dang bdi tap nay, chi can phdt hicn mot loai ta trong
niSi
ddy da cho khong phdi Id to nhdn tao thi ta loai trii ngay. Vdy di ddng loai trii
A, B, C vd chon D. (ta nilon-6,6;
tdni; len Id ta thien
ta capron;
ta vinilon
Id ta tong hap, con ta
nhien).
Vdy chon C.
7. Trong cac polime: ta thm, scfi bong, ta visco, ta nilon-6, ta nitron, nhOTng
polime CO nguon go'c t\i xenluloza la
D. sgi bong va ta visco
C. sgi bong, ta visco va ta nilon-6
B. ta visco va ta nilon-6
A. ta t k m , sgi bong va ta n i t r o n
(Dai hoc 2013 - khoi B)
Gidi
Tuang
nitron;
tu nhu can 6 a tren, ta loai trii ngay A, B, C vd chon D (ta tdm; ta
ta nilon-6
khong c6 nguon goc til xenluloza).
Vdy chon D.
8. Cho cac phat hiiu sau:
(a) Trong bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc, crom thuoc chu k i 4, nhom VIB.
(b) Cac oxit cua crom deu la oxit baza.
(c) Trong cac hgp chat, so oxi hoa cao nhat cua crom la -H6
(d) Trong cac phan tfng hoa hoc, hgp chat crom(III) chi dong vai tro chat oxi hoa.
(e) K h i phan ufng vdi k h i CI2 dii, crom tao ra hgp chat crom(III).
Trong cac phat bieu tren, nhijfng phat bieu dung la:
A. (a), (b) va (e) B. (a), (c) va (e)
C. (b), (d) va (e)
D. (b), (c) va (e)
(Dai hoc 2013 - khoi A)
to
Gidi
De y rdng b) Id phdt bieu sai nen loai trie ngay A, C, D (CrO Id oxit baza;
CrOs la oxit axit; CrsOs Id oxit liiang tinh). Vay chon B.
9. Cho cac chat : caprolactam (1), isopropylbenzen (2), acrilonitrin (3), glyxin
(4), v i n y l axetat (5). Cac chat c6 kha nang t h a m gia phan uTng trung hcfp tao
polime la
A. (1), (2) va (3) B. (1). (2) va (5)
C. (1), (3) va (5)
D. (3), (4) va (5)
Gidi
Vi caprolactam (1) cho dugc phan iXng triing hgp, nhitng isopropylbenzen (2)
khong cho dugc phan iCng triing hgp nen loai trit ngay D, A, B. Vay chon C.
10. Cho can bang hoa hoc sau: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) <
> 2SO3 (k) ; AH < 0
Cho cac bien phap : (1) tang nhiet do, (2) tang ap suat chung cua he phan
ufng, (3) ha nhiet do, (4) diing them chat xuc tac V2O5, (5) giam nong do SO3,
(6) giam ap suat chung cua he phan ufng. NhOfng bien phap nao lam can bang
tren chuyen dich theo chieu thuan?
A. (2), (3), (4), (6)
B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (1), (2), (4), (5)
D. (2), (3), (5)
Gidi
Chu y rdng chat xuc tdc (4) khong Idm can bdng chuyen dich nen loai trie
ngay A, B, C. Vgy chon D.
11. Cho bon dung dich c6 cung nong do mol sau day:
(1) H 2 N C H 2 C O O H , (2) C H 3 C O O H , (3) CH3CH2NH2 va (4) C2H3COOH.
Day xep theo thuf tiT p H tang dan la:
A. (3), (1), (2), (4)
B. (4), (1), (2), (3)
C. (2), (3), (1), (4) .
- D. (4), (2), (1), (3)
Gidi
Khong it hoc sinh boi roi a cdu hoi ndy do khong ndm dUgc luc axit cua axit
chita no C2H3COOH
Id mgnh hay yeu han so vai axit CH3COOH.
phiiang phap loai trie nhu
Hay
dung
sau:
Vi dung dich CH3CH2NH2 c6 moi truang baza nen pH cua dung dich
ndy
phdi Ian nhdt trong so 4 dung dich. Vgy loai trii A, C.
NhiCng dung
dich
NHoCH^COOH
c6 pH
xdp
xi
Id
7, con
dung
dich
CH3COOH phdi CO pH < 7 nen loai trie tiep B. Vgy chon D.
12. Cho hSn hcfp X gom Fe203, ZnO va Cu tac dung \6i dung dich H C l (diT) thu
di/cfc dung dich Y va phan khong tan Z. Cho Y tac dung vc;i dung dich NaOH
(loang, du) thu d'Jgc ket ttia:
A. Fe(0H)3 va Zn(0H)2
B. Fe(0H)2. Cu(0H)2 v^ Zn(0H)2
C. Fe(0H)3
D. Fe(0H)2
Cu(0H)2
11
Gidi
Phdn khong tan Z Id Cu con du, do do khong the tqo muoi Fe^*, tiic khong
the tqo ket tua Fe(0H)3,
vdy loqi trie A,
C.
Do NaOH du nen ket tua khong the cd hidroxit liidng tinh Zn(0H)2,
tril B. Do do dap dn can tim Id D.
vdy loqi
13. Cho 1,37 gam Ba vao 1 h't dung dich C U S O 4 0,01 M . Sau k h i cac phan uTng
xay ra hoan toan, khdi Itfcfng ket tua thu diicrc la
A. 3,31 gam
B. 2,33 gam
C. 1,71 gam
D. 0,98 gam
(Dai hoc 2013 - khoi A)
Gidi
De y rdng so mol Ba^* = so mol SO^
=0,01
mol
Do ket tua phdi c6 0,01 mol BaSO^, chua ke con Cu(0H)2).
> 2,33 gam, nen loqi trii B, C, D. Vdy chon A.
mket
Vdy ta phdi cd
tua
14. Cho m gam rSn X gom Mg, Fe vao coc dtfng dung dich C U C I 2 . Sau k h i phan
ufng xong d L f g c dung dich Y va ran Z. Them NaOH dvt vao dung dich Y, loc
ket tua nung trong khong k h i den khoi liJcfng khong ddi dugc m' gam hon
hgp ran T. Biet m > m'. Vay ran Z va T Ian Itfot la
D. Cu; Fe va MgO; FegOg.
C. Cu; Fe va MgO; CuO; FegOg.
B. Cu va MgO; FeaOg.
A. Cu; Mg; Fe va MgO; FegOg.
Gidi
Can luu y rdng Mg c6 tinh khvC mqnh han Fe nen Mg se phdn Ung trUdc vdi
CuCh Chi khi Mg phdn iZng het, mdi tdi lugt Fe phdn ilng. Vdy:
Loqi tril A, do Mg con thi Fe chila phdn ling nen khong
trong dung dich Y, ddn den T khong the cd Fe203.
the cd muoi sdt
Loqi trii B,-do Mg ud Fe phdn iCng het thi long khoi liiang magie oxit va sdt oxit
tqo thdnh trong T phdi Ian hon tdng khdi liicmg Mg va Fe ban ddu, tOc m' > m.
Loqi trii C, do Fe con trong Z thi CuCl2phdi het, ddn den T khong the cd CuO.
Vdy chgn D.
15. Cho ran X gom M g , A l , Zn va Fe vao dung dich C u C l 2 . Sau k h i phan ijfng
xong Aiiac hon hgp r a n Y va dung dich Z. Them dung dich NaOH da vao
dung dich Z thay xuat hien ket tua T. Nung T den khdi li/dng khong ddi
daac h8n hop r a n W. Vay ran Y gom:
D. Zn, Cu
C. Fe, Cu
B. M g , A l , Zn, Fe, Cu
A. Zn, Fe, Cu
Gidi
Chu y rdng thii tii phdn ling cua cac kim loqi vdi dung dich CuCl2 Id
Mg >Al>Zn>
Fe.
12
Vdy:
Loqi
trie B, vi dung
Loai
Id
dich
Z khi do chi chiia
Id hon hap W nhu de yeu
khong phai
trie A, vi dung
dich
MgCl2,
ddn den
W chi Id
MgO,
cdu.
MgClo vd
Z khi do chiia
AICI3,
ddn den W ciing
chi
MgO.
Load trilD,
vi Y khong
Vdy chgn
the gom Zn; Cu (do Y con Zn thi ciing buoc phai con
Fe).
C.
1 6 . Day cac n g u y e n to' diigc sSp xep theo c h i e u t a n g d a n b a n k i n h n g u y e n tijf
k h i d i tCf t r a i s a n g p h a i l a
A. A l ; S i ; N ; O; F
B . F; O; N ; S i ; A l
C. S i ; A l ; N ; O; F
D . F; O; N ; A l ; S i
-
Gidi
L o a i trCf A, C v i b a n k i n h n g u y e n ttf F k h o n g t h e I d n hcfn b a n k i n h n g u y e n
tuT O ( t r o n g m o t c h u k i k h i d i tii t r a i sang p h a i , b a n k i n h n g u y e n tuf g i a m dan).
Ttfcfng t i f n h t f t r e n , l o a i trCf D v i b a n k i n h n g u y e n tijf S i k h o n g t h e \dn hcfn
b a n k i n h n g u y e n tuf A l .
Vay chon B.
1 7 . X l a h o n h o p gom a x i t cacboxylic dcfn chufc A v a a x i t cacboxylic n h i chufc B .
D o t chay h o a n t o a n 0,15 m o l X can viTa du x m o l O2, sau p h a n ufng t h u dtfcfc
0,40 m o l CO2 v a 0,25 m o l H2O. G i a
A. 0,200
tri
B . 0,375
x la
C. 0,225
D . 0,325
Gidi
Ta dung
boo todn oxi de loai trie nhit
sau:
0,4.2 + 0 , 2 5 - 0 , 2 . 2
- Loai trie A vi x = 0,2 thi so O trung
= 4,33 (vd li)
binh 0,15
vi x = 0,375 thi so O trung binh = ^'^"^ ^ 0 , 2 5 — 0 , 3 7 5 . 2 _ ^
0,15
- Loai trilB
0 4" "2/ ( Q 25 0
- Loai trie C vi x = 0,225 thi so O trung binh = ——'—'
Vdy chon
Liiu
2
~ ~ ^
D.
y
- Cong
thiic
tinh
so O trung
binh
=
hon hiip
- Vi A chiea 20; B chiea 40 trong
2 < so O trung
binh
phdn
tit nen ta phai
c6:
< 4
13
18. X la hon hop gom andehit don chiifc A va andehit n h i chufc B. Dot chay
hoan toan 0,25 mol X can visa du x mol O2, sau phan ufng thu diJOc 0,475 mol
CO2 va 0,325 mol H2O. Gia t r i x la
A. 0,250
B. 0,350
C. 0,525
D. 0,475
Gidi
Ta dung bdo todn oxi de loai tril nhiC sau:
- Loai trie A vi x = 0,25
,
0,475.2 + 0 , 3 2 5 - 0 , 2 5 . 2
tni so U trung bmn =
= 3,1 (vd li)
0,25
- Loai trii B vi x = 0,35
- n ,
i.^ u 0,475.2 + 0 , 3 2 5 - 0 , 3 5 . 2
till so (J trung bmn =
= 2,5(vo li)
0,25
- Loai trii C vi x = 0,525
,
0,475.2 + 0 , 3 2 5 - 0 , 5 2 5 . 2
tni so U trung binn = 0,9 (v6 li)
0,25
Vqy chgn D.
Liiu y
Vi A chijCa 10; B chiCa 20 trong phan tii nen tuang tU nhu bdi tren ta phdi cd:
1 <: so O trung binh < 2
19. Hoa tan hoan toan 24 gam h6n hop X gom MO, MCOH)^ va M C O , (M la
k i m loai c6 hoa t r i khong doi) trong 100 gam dung dich PLSO^ 39,2% thu
du'gc 1,12 l i t k h i (dktc) va dung dich Y chi chi'ra mot chat tan duy nhat c6
nong do 39,41%. K i m loai M la
A. M g
B. Cu
D. Zn
D. Ca
(Dai hgc 2013 - khoi B)
Gidi
Vi dung dich Y chi chiia mot chat tan duy nhdt nen H2SO4 dd ddng vita du.
Theo dc so mol
HoSO.j
--
39,2.100
^77—7:— =
100.98
0,4 va so mol khi -
Ta gidi theo phuang phdp loai trtt nhii sau:
1 12
22,4
= 0,05.
^
- Loai trie B vi M Id Cu cho ta he:
80a + 98b + 124c = 24
a H- b + c = 0,4
. Gidi ra b < 0 (loai)
c = 0,05
14
- Loai
trii C vi M Id Zn cho ta
he:
8 l a + 9 9 b + 125c = 24
a + b + c = 0,4
Gidi ra b < 0
(loai)
Gidi rah
(loai)
c = 0,05
- Loai trii D vi M Id Ca cho ta
he:
56a + 7 4 b + 100c = 24
a + b + c = 0,4
< 0
c = 0,05
Vdy chgn
Liiu
nhanh
A.
y: Co the
nhu
khong
can dung
da kien
so gam
hdn hap la 24 gam
ud
gidi
sau:
M C O H ) ^ vd M C O , , ta c6
Ggi a, b, c Idn lugt Id so mol MO,
a + b + c =
1,12
22,4
100.39,2
100.98
^
= 0,4
Af = 24
= 0,05
( M + 96)(a + b + c)100
24 +
he:
(Mg)
= 39,41
100-44C
20. Cho h o n hcfp X g o m h a i ancol. D o t chay h o a n t o a n 0,6 m o l h 6 n h e p X , t h u
dirge 22,4 l i t k h i CO2 (dkc). M a t k h a c 0,3 m o l X tac d u n g \6\a d i i di/gc 5,6
l i t H2 (dkc). H a i ancol da cho l a :
A . C H 3 O H ; C2H5OH
B. C H 3 O H ;
C3H6(OH)2.
C. C2H4(OH)2; C3H5(On).3
D. CH3OH;
C2H4(OH)2
Giai
Be y rdng hon hap X c6 so C trung
binh
--
CO,
hh
trung
,
2n^,
binh =
hh
2.0.25
,
= ——-— = l , O D
0,3
0,6
= 1,66
= so nhom
OH
,
nen:
- Loai
trie A (c6 so nhom
OH trung
binh
Id 1).
- Loai
trie B (c6 so nhom
OH trung
binh
khac
- Loai
trii: C (c6 2 < so C trung
Vdy chgn
1
binh
so C trung
binh).
< 3).
D.
15
m
2 1 . Thiiy phan este mach hd E (chi chufa chufc este) trong moi trufcfng axit thu
diigc hon hap san pham chi gom mot axit cacboxyUc va andehit glycoHc
H O C H 2 C H O . Cong thufc phan tuf cua E la
A.
C7H10O4
B.
C9H14O4
C.
C4H4O4
D.
C4H8O4
Gidi
Can phdi hieu rdng ancol HOCH=CHOH
khong ben dd chuyen thdnh
andehit glycolic HOCH2CHO. Do dd este E phdi cd dang
RCOOCH=CHOOCR,
tiic E phdi cd so C chdn (loai trit A, B).
Mat khdc vai cong thicc RCOOCH=CHOOCR
phdn ti} (loqi trit D). Vqy chon C.
thi E phdi cd it nhdt
3 n trong
22. Dot chay hoan toan mot liicfng ancol X tao ra 0,4 mol CO2
0,5 mol H2O.
X tac dung vdri Cu(0H)2 tao ra dung dich mau xanh lam. Oxi hoa X bang
CuO tao hcfp chat hufu ccf da chufc Y. Nhan xet nao sau day diing v6i X?
A. X lam mat mau nufdrc brom
B. Trong X c6 hai nhom - O H lien ket voti hai nguyen tuf cacbon bac hai.
C. Trong X c6 ba nhom - C H 3 .
D. H i d r a t hoa but-2-en thu difcfc X
(Dai hoc 2012 - khoi A)
Gidi
Trilac het loai trii A vi so mol CO2 nhd han so mol H2O nen X Id ancol no,
khong lam mat mdu nicac brom.
Tiep tuc loqi trii D vi hidrat hoa anken duqc ancol dan chiic no khong cd
khd ndng hoa tan Cu(0H)2.
Cadi ciing loqi trii C vi X chdy tqo 0,4 mol CO2 vd 0,5 mol H2O nen X cd 4C
trong phdn tit. Ancol da chiic cd 4C trong phdn ti2 khong the cd 3 nhom
-CH3.
Vqy chgn B.
23. Cho h6n hgp X gom hai andehit. Dot chay hoan toan 0,6 mol h6n hgp X,
thu dtfgc 44 gam CO2. M a t khac cho 0,3 mol X tac dung vcJi H2 dif (Ni; t°)
thay CO 11,2 l i t H2 (dkc) phan ufng. Hai andehit da cho la:
D. HCHO; CH2(CHO)2.
C. H C H O ; ( C H 0 ) 2
B. C H 3 C H O ;
A. HCHO; C H 3 C H O
C2H3CHO.
Gidi
,
.
.
"co,
Be y rang hon hap X cd so C trung binh =
^=
,.
,
"H,
trung bmh -—^
=
0,5
, ..
= 1,66
1
= 1,66 = so lien ket n
^
nen:
"hh
16
- Loai tritA
(c6 so n trung binh Id 1).
- Loai trie B (c6 2 a =
c6 noi ba ddu mach
+ 147.0,01
c6 ke't tua tao
0,01.
mai tao ke't tua
khi
Vay:
NH3.
mka tua (max) = 240.0,01
trii C vi khong
= 3,87 gam
< 4
gam.
thdnh.
tril D vi mkgt tua (max) = 240.0,01
Vay chon
Litu
+ 159.0,01
- 3,99 gam
< 4
gam.
A.
y
Vai nhffng
B, nhdn
bdi toan
xudt
hien
tinh
thdy "sau mot thai gian
mot
trong
chon
thai gian
luang
khi
hud'ng cho
luang
hSn hgp A tdc dung
vai
ke't tua thu duac dd vuat qud x gam"
thu duac
hon hgp A deu cho dugc phdn
dd vUat qua
y lit",
thi tat cd cdc
ling vai chat B. Van dung
ngay ddp dn can tim Id A md khong
can thong
dieu
ndy c6
qua tinh toan nhu
chat
hay
chat
the
tren.
33. X l a h o n hcfp g o m 2 ancol no, m a c h h d . D o t chay h o a n t o a n X dugc 0,4 m o l
CO2 v a 0,55 m o l H2O. C u n g l i f o n g X t r e n n e u tAc d u n g vdri N a d a dtfac 2,8 l i t
H2(dkc).Xg6m
A. C H 3 O H ; C2H4(OH)2
B . C2H4(OH)2; C3H5(OH)3.
C. C H 3 O H ; C3H5(OH)3
D . C2H5OH; C3H6(OH)2.
Gidi
=0,^,-n^^
Taco
= 0 , 5 5 - 0 , 4 = 0,15mo/.
n CO
So C truns
binh
=
0
" ,1 4•
^=
= 2 , 6 6 nen loai trit A.
0,15
2 0 125
So nhom
OH trung
binh
=
^=
= 1,66 nen loai tril B
0,15
Cung
nhom
loai
tril
OH trung
Vqy chon
C vi hdn hap CH3OH;
C3H5(OH)3
c6 so C trung
binh
= so
binh.
D.
34, X l a h 6 n h o p g o m C2H2 v a h i d r o c a c b o n A. D o t chay h o a n t o a n 3 l i t h o i X
difcfc 6 l i t CO2 v a 6 l i t h o i nLfdrc (cac t h e t i c h do or c i m g d i e u k i e n ) . C o n g thufc
p h a n tijf cua A l a :
A . CH4
B . C2H4
C . C3H8
D . C2H6
Gidi
TrUdc
het loai
trie B, do dot chdy hdn hap ankin
vd anken
khong
the tao so
mol CO2 = so mol HoO.
Tiep
theo loai trie A, C do hdn hap dd cho c6 so C trung
Vqy chon
binh
Id — = 2.
3
D.
21
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