Tài liệu Hướng dẫn viết bài luận đúng ngữ pháp tiếng anh cực hay

C K .0 0 0 0 0 4 3 2 4 5 ► D u n g d u n g ► P h o t tr ie n ► H o n 2 0 0 ► T v k id m c d c tir lo q i k y n d n g b d i ta p tr a v d v d c d n g 1 v ie t d a n g v i d u cd cd k ie n n g u k e m th d c p h d p d a p d n Hiidng dan viet dung ngU phap tieng Anh TH A N H THAO - THANH HOA N h o m b ie n s o a n HlTdNG DAN V IET DUNG NGU* PHAP TIENG ANH > > > V Dung dung cac tti loai P h at trien ky nang viet dung ngii phap Hdn 200 bai t&p va vi du co kem dap an Tu kiem tra va cung co kien thiic. NHA XUAT BA N TITDIEN BACH KHOA L Cf l NOI DAU M$t trong nhtfng vSfn d i m i h iu hSt c i c ht?c viSn tiS'ng Anh, k& c i hoc sinh - sinh viSn, c[uan tim l i lim sao cd th S tu ki&m tra nhOng diSu minh ndi hay viS’t AH dung ngO phip chira, ho£c ddi luc ti/ thjfy bd'i rS'i khSng biS’t nSn dung theo c ic h n io cho dung ngtf phip hoSc nin chon tir th£ n io cho c iu v2n ngin gcpn, sue t(ch. Xu/t p h it tCr mtfi quan tim d6, dSng thbi cung nhJlm giup htpc viSn tu tin hern khi sd dijng tlS'ng Anh. chung tS i biSn soan c\uy$r\ "Hudng dSn viS't dung ngO phip t\£ng Anh". trinh I?Ay nhUng vkn dS c in b in m i hoc viSn c in nim vOng d S c6 t h i dung dung ngQ phip tiin g Anh trong c i c b ii viSt v i b ii nghiSn cuu cda mmh. 5 ic h gSm 5 phin, duqc b8 eye thinh 14 chucmg theo tung chJ di£m rd rin g nhim hudng d in c ic h dung dung c i c tuf loai nhu dSng tCr, danh tir. tmh tt>, dal tir, v.v...; phin biSt c i c iSi ngO phip thudng g ip nhu tSi chi'm c iu , iSi chfnh t i , iSi viS’t hoa, v i iSi cu phip; viS't c iu dung v i hoin chlnh; p h it t r iin b ii viS't theo vin phong riSng c Ja minh nhung nhim dung v io muc dfch v i loai dSi tLlong m i minh quan t im d i b ii viS't dat hiSu <\ui thu hut cao. P i c biSt, cuS’i m3i chuong c6 phin tu kiim tra duoc trinh b iy d dang cac c iu hdi dung sai, c i c c iu hdi dang hoin th in h c iu vi c iu hdi t r ie nghiSm kdm theo d ip in nhim muc dich giup hcpc viSn cung d lai nhdng kiS'n there d i hcpc. KiSng phin "Ciu hdi t r ie nghiSm" v i m$t s 6 c iu hdi dang hoin th in h ciu , chung tdi trinh b iy nhu mdt b ii t i p tiin g Anh d i hoc viSn iim quen vdi dang dS thi tr ie nghiSm trong cac ky kiim tra tlS'ng Anh. C h ic ch in vdi b6 cue v i c ic h trinh b iy cua quyin s ic h niy, hQC viSn sS t h iy vi$c hcpc ngCt p h ip tlS'ng Anh trd nen thu vj hem nhiiu. Hem nOa, khi d i nim vung nSn tin g cua ngon ngO thi ban dQC cung trd nSn tu tin hem trong c i c b ii viSt cua minh. Tae g ii PHAN 1 ChAo MLTNq dEN vuNq dAT NqCr phAp ****************************************************** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ©Htf0N6 9 &&Loai 9 Toi co c a n d ? c chiramg n a y k h o n g ? Ban ucu doc clui'o'iit* uav ucu ban can 6 u lai lioac • hoc • vc Tinh tu (Adjective) Trang tu (Adverb) Li?n tu (Conjunction) Than tu (Interjection) Danh tu (Noun) —^ Gioi tu (Preposition) Dai tu (Pronoun) Cong tu (Verb) rong chiTOng nay, ban se on tap ve tCr loai mot cach chuan mu’c de biet cac tir ghep lai vdi nhau tao ra nghia nhu”the nao. Trong cac chiTOng sau, ban se hoc cach siTa loi do dung sai tir loai T 6 Tieng Anh la mot ngon ngtf rSft linli hoat. Nghla cua tuf khong nhffng bSt ngu6n tir cach viet va pliat 3m ma con tuf cach suf dung tuf do trong cau. Khi ban on tap tuf loai, hay nhcl rang cach dung tuf trong cau quyet dinli no la tuf loai nao. VI du: Danh tuf: I ate fish for dinner. Toi da an cd vdo bita toi. Dong tuf: We fish in the lake on every Tuesday. C hung toi cau cd o' ho vdo moi thit ba. Tinh tit Tinh tuf la tuf dung de mieu ta danh tu* va dai tir. Tinh tu" tra Idi nhffng cau hoi nhtf: What kind (Loai gi)? How much (Bao nhieu)? Which one (Cai nao)? How many (May cai)? Vi du nhu": What kind? red nose gold ring How much? more sugar little effort Which one? second chance those chocolates How many? several chances six books Co nam loai tinh tu": tinh tu" chung, tinh tuf rieng, tinh tijf ghep, mao ti* va tinh tu" bat dinh. 1. Tinh tir chung mieu ta danh tffhoac dai tijf. Strong man Green plant Beautiful view 2. Tinh tif rieng difOc tao ra tuf danh tir rieng. California vegetables (tir danh tir “California”) Mexican food (tir danh tir “M exico”) 3. Tinh tir ghep diTOc tao nen tir hai tir trd len. 7 Far-off country Teenage person 4. Mao tCr la mot dang tinh tff d&c biet. Co ba mao tff la: a, an, the. The dffdc goi \k “mao tir x4c dinh” vi no chi nhffng vat x£c dinh. A va an dffOc goi la “mao tir bat dinh” vi chung chi nhffng vat chung chung. Sffdunga vdi tirbifr d a u b in g phu am; dilng an trffdc tvr b c T rang tuf lien ket ditac suf dung de noi ttt, noi y va V\& ) ) ) doan v3n. accordingly again also consequently finally however indeed otherwise nevertheless for example fu rth erm o re m oreover on the o th e r hand then th erefo re besides v Ct2n tit Lien tff noi tff hoac cum tff va cho biet cac tff co lien he vdi nhau nhtf the" nao. Co ba loai lien tff: lien tff dang lap (coordinating conjunctions), lien tff tffdng lien (correlative conjunctions) va lien tiTchinh phu (subor­ dinating conjunctions). 10 1. Lien tff din g lap lien ket nhffng tff hoac cum tff tiWng du’dng. Co bay lien tff dang lap: for and nor but or yet so y y \c . Suf dung t£f sau day de nlicf bay lien tuf dang lap: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) 2. Lien tff tffdng lien cung lien ket nhffng tff hoac cum tff tU’dng dU’dng nhffng luon di theo cSp. Day la cac lien tff tffdng lien: both ... and either... or n e ith e r... nor not only ... but also w hether... or 3. Lien tff chinh phu lien ket mot menh de doc lap (mot cau hoan chinh) vdi mot menh de phu (fragment - cau chtfa hoan chinh). Sau day la nhffng lien tff chinh phu thirdng dung nhat: after although as as if as long as as soon as as though because before even though if in order that since so that though till unless until when whenever where wherever Than tit o^cl hcnr loix.tr o r Than tff d iin dat cam xuc manh me. Vi than tff khong lien ket vdi tff khac trong cau theo ngff phap nen than tff diTdc tach khoi phan c5n lai cua cau bang mot dau phay hoac dau cham than. Vi du: • Oh! What a shock you gave me with that gorilla suit. Oi! Ban lam toi l/ uu sdc vdi bo do khi dot do. • Wow! That’s not a gorilla suit! Wow! Do khong phdi la bo do khi dot! 11 Danh til Danh tiif la tff de goi ten ngirdi, ndi chon, sff vat. Danh tir gom c ic loa| sau: danh tir chung, danh tir rieng, danh tir gh6p va danh tir tap hdp. 1. Danh tir chung goi ten bat cff ai hay vat gi thuoc mot ldp ngirdi, nci chon hay sir vat. girl city food 2. Danh tir rieng goi ten mot ngirdi, ndi chon hoSc vat cu the. Danh ti| rieng luon dffdc viet hoa. Barbara New York City Rice-a-Roni 3. Danh tir gh6p la hai hay nhieu danh tir cilng lam chffc nang cua| mot ddn vi tir. Mot danh tir gh6p cd the la hai tir rieng bi dog’s bone singer —> singer’s voice 2. Vdi danh tff sd nhieu tan cung la s, them mot dau lffdc sau chff j. dogs -» bones singers -> ingers’ bones 3. Vdi danh tff sd nhieu tan cilng khong cd .9, them mot dau lu’dc va chff 5. 12 men -* m en’s books mice -> m ice’s tails D a n h tiif s o n h ieu Day la nhffng nguyen L&c thanh lap danh tff sd nhieu. 1. Them s de tao th&nh danh tff sd nhieu doi vdi da so" danh tff. cat —> cats computer -» computers 2. Them es neu danh tff tan ciing bkng s, sh, ch ho&c x. wish —> wishes inch -» inches box -» boxes 3. Neu danh tff tan cilng la phu am -y, thi doi y thanh i va them es. city -> cities lady -> ladies 4. Neu danh tff tan cung blng nguyen.am - y thi chi can them 5. Tuy nhien, nhffng tff tan cilng la -quy khong theo nguyen t^c nay (nhff trong solioquies). essay -> monkey -> essays monkeys Glal til Gidi tff lien ket mot danh tff hoSc dai tff dffng sau no vdi mot tff khac trong cau. Dung bang sau de giup ban nhan ra vai gidi tff dffOc sff dung nhieu nhat: after across against along above about amid around as at beloft beneath beside between beyond but by despite down during except for from in inside into like near on onto of off opposite out outside over past since through to toward under undemea.!' upon with before t ' * behind 13 Gidi tijf luon co mot danh tff ho3c dai tir theo sau. Mot cum gidi tir bac gom mot gidi tvr va doi tffdng cua no. Cum gidi tff cd the gom hai hoac ba tir. on the wing in the door Tuy nhien, cum gidi tirco the dai hdn nhieu, tiiy thuoc vao do dai cua gidi tir va cac tir bo nghla cho doi tffdng cua gidi tir. Near the violently swaying oak trees Gan may cay soi dang du dua dCt d(>i On account o/his nearly depleted bank account Vi tdi khodn ngan hang gdn can kiet cua anh ay Dal til Dai tir la tir dffdc dung de thay the" danh tir hoac dai tir khac. Dai tir giup ban tranh lap lai mot cach khong can thiet khi viet va ndi. Dai tir lay nghla cua danh tir ma no thay the". Danh tir do dffdc goi la tien ngff (ante­ cedent). Although Seattle is damp, it is my favorite city. antecedent pronoun Mac du Seattle dm udt, do la thanh pho. Cd nhieu loai dai tff khac nhau. Hau het dai tffdeu cd tien ngff, nhffng mot so" it thi khong can tien ngff. Tir tien ngtf (antecedent) co nguon goc tiT tieng La tinh, nglua la “di triidc” . Tuy n h ien , tien ngff khong n hat th iet pliai xuat hien trifdc dai tijf trong cau. nlitfng thUdng la th e , de lam cho cau ro rang va tra n h hieu sai. 1. Dai tffnhan xffng (personal pronoun) dung de chi mot ngirdi, ndi chon, do vat cu the. i/i S o ft So'nhieu Ngoi thtf nhat I, me, mine, my we, us, our, ours Ngoi thtf hai you, your, yours you, your, yours Ngoi thtf ba he, him, his, she, her, hers, it they, them, their, theirs, its 2. Dai tir sd htfu (possessive pronoun) dung de chi quyen sd thuoc. Dai tir sd htfu la your, yours, his, hers, its, ours, their, theirs, whose. Is this beautiful plant yours? Co phdi cai cay dep de nay Id cua ban khong? Yes, it’s ours. Vang, no la cua chung toi. Difng nliam lan dai tif nhan xtfng vdi tijf ru t gon. Dai tiif nlian xtfng khong bao gid co dSu IiTOc, trong khi tuf ru t gon Iuon co dau lifdc. Hay suf dung bang sau: D ai tif Tiif ru t gM«9CTHAi NGUYEN *\rn TAUUAAVVPIT 17 Louise considered buying a new china cabinet. Louise can nhac xem co nen mua mot cai tu sut mdi khong. Dong tiif chi hanh dong c6 hai loai la ngoai dong tif va noi d$ng til| Ngoai dong tff can phai co mot bo ngff trffc tiep. The boss dropped the ball. Ong chu lam rdi qua banh. The workers picked it up. Cac cong nhan nhat no len. Noi dong tif khong can bo ngff trtfc tiep. Who called? A igoiday? The tem perature fell over night. Nhiet do tut xuong vdo ban dem. Trong mot cau, d De biet dong tiif dtfdc suf dung la dong tuf lien ket hay dong tuf chi hanh dong, hay thay th§” dong tijf do bang am , are hofic is. Neu dpc len thay co nghla thi dong tuf ban dau la dong tuf lien ket. Tr - Xem thêm -