®
ESSENTIAL
VOCABULARY
®
ESSENTIAL
VOCABULARY
by David A. Herzog
Webster’s New World® Essential Vocabulary
Copyright © 2005 by Wiley, Hoboken, NJ
Published by Wiley, Hoboken, NJ
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Herzog, David Alan.
Webster’s New World essential vocabulary / by David A. Herzog.
p. cm.
ISBN 0-7645-7165-6 (pbk.)
1. Vocabulary. 2. Vocabulary—Problems, exercises, etc. 3. Vocabulary—Examinations—Study
guides. I.Title: Essential vocabulary. II.Title.
PE1449.H445 2005
428.1—dc22
2004022068
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank Willis, Gizmo, Lefty, and Archie for their furry invaluable assistance.
v
Dedication
This book is dedicated to the memories of Rose and George Herzog, Henry Smolinski,
and Allan Shaw, and to their children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren on four
continents.
vii
Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Pronunciation Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Parts of Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
PART I: SAT® Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
A ........
Quick
Quick
Quick
Quick
Quick
Quick
Quick
Quick
Quick
Quick
Quick
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Review #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Review #2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Review #3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Review #4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Review #5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Review #6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Review #7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Review #8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Review #9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Review #10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Review #11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Quick Review #12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Quick Review #13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
C .................
Quick Review #14
Quick Review #15
Quick Review #16
Quick Review #17
Quick Review #18
Quick Review #19
Quick Review #20
Quick Review #21
Quick Review #22
Quick Review #23
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D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Quick Review #24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Quick Review #25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
ix
x
Essential Vocabulary
Quick
Quick
Quick
Quick
Quick
Review
Review
Review
Review
Review
#26
#27
#28
#29
#30
E .................
Quick Review #31
Quick Review #32
Quick Review #33
Quick Review #34
Quick Review #35
Quick Review #36
Quick Review #37
Quick Review #38
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
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F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Quick Review #39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Quick Review #40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
G–H ..............
Quick Review #41
Quick Review #42
Quick Review #43
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I ..................
Quick Review #44
Quick Review #45
Quick Review #46
Quick Review #47
Quick Review #48
Quick Review #49
Quick Review #50
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J – K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Quick Review #51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Quick Review #52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
Quick Review #53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152
M–N ..............
Quick Review #54
Quick Review #55
Quick Review #56
Quick Review #57
Quick Review #58
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Contents
xi
O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Quick Review #59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
Quick Review #60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
P–Q ..............
Quick Review #61
Quick Review #62
Quick Review #63
Quick Review #64
Quick Review #65
Quick Review #66
Quick Review #67
Quick Review #68
Quick Review #69
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R .................
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S..................
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T .................
Quick Review #80
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U–Z ..............
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Quick Review #84
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Quick Review #86
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PART II: GRE® Words
A .................
Quick Review #87
Quick Review #88
Quick Review #89
Quick Review #90
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xii
Essential Vocabulary
B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Quick Review #91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
C .................
Quick Review #92
Quick Review #93
Quick Review #94
Quick Review #95
Quick Review #96
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D .................
Quick Review #97
Quick Review #98
Quick Review #99
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E–F ................
Quick Review #100
Quick Review #101
Quick Review #102
Quick Review #103
Quick Review #104
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G – H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Quick Review #105 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291
Quick Review #106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293
I ...................
Quick Review #107
Quick Review #108
Quick Review #109
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J – L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Quick Review #110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
Quick Review #111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305
M – N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Quick Review #112 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308
Quick Review #113 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311
O–P ...............
Quick Review #114
Quick Review #115
Quick Review #116
Quick Review #117
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Q–R ...............
Quick Review #118
Quick Review #119
Quick Review #120
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Contents
xiii
S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Quick Review #121 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332
Quick Review #122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335
T – U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Quick Review #123 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338
V – Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Quick Review #124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341
PART III: Answers to Quick Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343
Quick Review Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
SAT Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345
GRE Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362
PART IV: Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371
Appendix A: Prefixes and Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Appendix B: Foreign Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Introduction
How’s your vocabulary? Is it okay, pretty good, or exceptional? Whatever your
answer to these questions, this is the book for you. For those whose vocabulary
ranges from okay to pretty good, here is the opportunity to improve it. The main
content is grouped into sets of words that have been taken from the SAT and GRE
examinations over the past 10 years. These approximately 1,500 words are expected
by the examiners to be familiar in one form or another to college and graduate
school applicants. They need to become familiar to you, too.
If your vocabulary is exceptional, this is the opportunity to see whether you really understand what the words you think you know mean and whether you can correctly use them in a sentence.
Each word comes complete with a label indicating its part of speech, at least one
definition (often more), and usually at least two sentences using the word. Most
entries also include synonyms and other forms of the word, such as past tense and
gerund forms (for verbs) and adverbial and noun forms (for adjectives). Following
each group of vocabulary words is a matching test so that you can check what
you’ve just studied.
Check Appendix A for some very useful prefixes and suffixes that often affect
the meanings of words. I also recommend you check Appendix B, which lists
some foreign words that have insinuated themselves into the English language.
These words are commonly used by the more literate among us — in addition to
everyday words like sandwich, which reminds the author that he’s getting hungry. Read on and have an enlightening and, hopefully, enjoyable experience.
PRONUNCIATION KEY
I’ve never much cared for the pronunciation keys used by most dictionaries because
they use a whole different alphabet and set of symbols, which one must either
memorize or keep referring to just to understand the sounds being represented. The
key used here makes use of standard alphabet characters used in familiar words.
The following is a list of the letters that are used and the sounds they make. These
pronunciations are based on phonetic sounds. You might want to put a bookmark
here so that you can get back to it quickly when needed. We indicate the stressed
syllable of each word by using capital (KAP i tl) letters.
1
2
Essential Vocabulary
Letter(s)
Makes a Sound Like . . .
In the Word . . .
a
a
hat
ae
ai
hair
ah
o
on
aw
aw
saw
ay
a
day
ch
ch
chip
e
e
bed
ea
ea
ear
ee
ee
bee
g
g
go
i
i
bid
ing
ing
sing
oe
o
work
oh
o
go
oo
oo
moon
ow
ow
cow
oy
oy
toy
s
s
kiss
th
th
think
TH
th
that
u
oo
took
uh
u
rug
y
y
my
zh
s
measure
Introduction
3
PARTS OF SPEECH
Parts of speech are indicated by italicized abbreviations: adj. (adjective), adv.
(adverb), conj. (conjunction), n. (noun), pn. (pronoun), pr. (preposition), vi. (intransitive verb), and vt. (transitive verb). To review a little grammar very briefly, a noun
is a person, place, or thing. An adjective modifies a noun. For example, a pretty girl
gets more attention than a plain girl. In the preceding sentence, both pretty and
plain are adjectives modifying two separate occurrences of the noun, girl.
A verb is an action word. If the verb is transitive, it carries the action to an object.
Consider the following sentence: Peter ate a grape. In that sentence, the grape
receives the action of the transitive verb, to eat (past tense, ate). The verb, to eat, can
also be intransitive, if nothing is receiving the action. For example, when I go to
dinner, I eat.
An adverb modifies a verb, another adverb, or an adjective. Look at the following sentence: The boat moved quickly. Quickly is an adverb modifying the verb,
moved.
Part I
SAT ® WORDS
Answers to Quick Review questions are found in Part III.
Words followed by an asterisk (*) also have appeared as vocabulary words on the
Graduate Record Examinations® (GRE® ).
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