Tài liệu động từ tiếng anh thanh ha ( www.sites.google.com/site/thuvientailieuvip )

THANH HA (Bien soan) NHA X U A T BAN TU OIEN BACH KHOA DONG TUT TIENG ANH THANH HA (Bien soan) D O N G T IT TIENG ANH NHA XUAT BAN TIT DIEN BACH KHOA THANH HA M ot trong nhCifng kho khan cua ngUdi hoc tieng A nh la lam the nao de nam viing ngut phap, trong do hieu va van dung cac loai tijf trong cau. X uat phat tii thuc te do chung toi bien soan bo sach “D ong tCf tieng A n h ” nay. Cuon sach la nhCitng kien thtic cd ban ve dong tuf trong tieng Anh, cach sU dung, co kem theo cac vi du thUc te di kem . De dung cuon sach nay co hieu qua hOn, tot nhat ban nen do xem ky tting phan trU6c khi do sang ph an sau. T rong qua trinh beienoan chac khong tranh khoi thieu sot, rat m ong nhan dUOc y kien dong gop cua cac ban. 5 THANH HA C A C DANG THU’C CUA DONG TlT TIENG ANH Dong tti dUdc dinh nghia tren cd sd hinh thiic khi co the, va theo cach sU dung cua chung trong cau. Trong cac vi du dudi day, nhiing ti* dUdc gach chan la dong tti. - I go to school. Toi di den trit&ng. - She sings a song. Cd ay hat mot Bai hat. - He answered very well. Anh ay tra Idi rat tot. Dong tu! co nam hinh thiic nhu sau: 1 . Nguyen m iu (base form ) - tti thUdng thay trong tu! dien. 2. Hinh thiic them “e /e s ” (-s form) ■ thUdng dung d ngoi thii ba so it. 3. Hinh thtic qua kh\i (past tense) - thUdng dung d qua khii ddn. 4. Hinh thuc hien tai phan tu! (-ing participle) thUdng dung d thi tiep dien hay trong cac menh de phan tti hien tai. 5. Hinh thuc qua khr( phan tii (past participle) thu'dng dung d thi hoan thanh hay trong the bi dong, co nhieu dong tijf hinh thuc qua khii va qua khii phan tii giong nhau. Cac dong tu' co hinh thiic qua khu va qua khii phan tvf tan cung bang "ed" rat pho bien trong tieng Anh, goi la dong tu' co quy tac (regular). Vi du: watch - watched, look - looked 7 DONG TU TIENG ANH Nhiing dong tut khac thuoc dang bat quy tac (irregular), co nghia la hinh thiic cua tiing dong tii khong theo mot nguyen tac nao. Tat ca dong tii deu co s-form va ing-form va nhulng hinh thiic nay luon luon co quy tac nen de biet hinh thiic cua moi dong tir tieng Anh, can biet ba hinh thiic cua moi dong tii bat quy tac: nguyen mau (base form ) - qua khvf (past tense) • qua khti phan tif (p a st participle). * Chu y: cac dong tii khuyet thieu: “ can, may, must, might, will, should, could...” khong co hinh thiic d ngoi thii ba so it (-s form ), hien tai phan tii (-ing form ) hoac cac thi qua khii (past tense). Quy tac sU dung cac dong tii khuyet thieu nay hoan toan khac vdi dong tii. CAC LOAI DONG TUT Trong tieng Anh co hai loai dong tii chinh la ngoai dong tii va noi dong tii. 1. Ngoai dong tif (transitive verb) Ngoai dong tii: co the theo sau la mot danh tu lam tan ngU - ten cua ngUdi, vat hay sU vat tiep nhan hanh dong. Vi du: - She is^leanm g the floor. Co ay dang lau nha. - We met him at the bank. Chung toi gap anh ay d ngan hang. - I helped that woman. Toi da giup ngi/di ph u nit ay. 2. Noi dong tif (intransitive verb) Noi dong tii': khong co danh tii theo sau no. Noi cach khac. sau noi dong tii khong cd tan ngii. 8 THANH HA Vi du: - He draws. A nh ay ve. - We work. Chung toi lam viec. - I felt tired. Toi cam thay met moi. Noi dong tii dUdc chia thanh hai nhom: dong tii noi (ilinking verb) va dong tit khong noi (not linking verb). Dong tii noi: theo sau la mot danh tit nen de nham vdi ngoai dong tii, nhUng danh tu! theo sau dong tit noi luon noi ve ngUdi hay vat co vai tro la chu ngut cua dong tii. Dong tii noi thUdng dimg la “be”, “become, turn, g et” . Vi du: - This wallet is Lan’s mother. Cai vi nay la cua me Lan. - She has becom e a singer. Co ay da trd thanh ca si. - He turned out to be my mother’s doctor. Hod ra ong ay la bac si cua me toi. Theo sau dong tii noi co the la tinh tu: hay trang tii mo ta hoac dinh vi cho chu ngi3. Vi du: - She is very big. Co ay rat beo. - The building looks solid, Tod nha trong rat vihig chac. - The table is over here. Cai ban d day. Nhieu dong tit co the la ngoai dong tif hoac noi dong tii tuy theo sU xuat hien cua tan ngfl hay khong. Vi du: - He draws. 9 DONG TUT TIENG ANH A nh ay ve. (Noi dong tii) - He draws a picture. A nh ay ve mot biic tranh. (Ngoai dong tit) Cac tii dien deu phan biet “vt” (verb transitive) hoac “vi” (verb intransitive). THI CUA DONG TLT T hi la thdi gian ma dong tii do de cap tdi: thi hien tai (present), thi qua khii (past), thi tUdng lai (future),... Trong tieng Anh thi cua dong tii dUdc dien ta bang nhieu loai cum dong tii, qua do cac trd dong tii se dUdc ket hdp vdi mot trong nhiing hinh thiic cua dong tii. Do do, van de chu yeu cua ngUdi hoc dong tii tieng Anh khong phai chi la hoc thuoc long nhiing hinh thiic cua dong tii. Quan trong la phai nam dUOc sii phiic tap cua cum dong tii tieng Anh, vdi rat nhieu loai khac nhau. 10 THANH HA THI HIEN TAI THi HIEN TAI THtf&NG 1. Hinh thtfc T rong cau khang dinh, thi hien tai co hai hinh thiic: nguyen mau (base form ) va ngoi thijt ba so it them “s/es” (S-form ). Hinh thiic nguyen mau diidc sU dung v 6i nhQng chu ngO “I I we I you / they'. Hinh thiic “Sform ” diidc dung v 6i cac chu tii “he / she / it” hoac bat cif cau true danh tii nao ma nhiing tii tren co the thav the. I I we I you / they + V (nguyen mau) he / she / it + V- s /es * Quy tac them “s/es” vao sau dong tii nguyen mau, neu dong tii d ngoi thii ba so it: - Neu V tan cung bang “o”, them “es” Vi du: to go: He goes (Anh ay di) to do: He does (Anh ay lam) - V tan cung bang “x, ss, sh, ch” thi them “es” Vi du: to fix: He fixes (Anh ay siia) to cross: She crosses (Co ay di qua) to brush: She brushes (Co ay chai) to teach: She teaches (Co ay day h oc) to watch: My little baby watches TV (difa be cua toi xem TV) - V tan cung bang “v” (difng sau mot phu am) triio'c khi them “s” phai doi “y ” thanh “ie” . Vi du: to marry: He marries (Anh ta ci/di) to study: He studies (Anh ta hoc) 11 DONG TUT TIENG ANH nhUng trUdc y 1 a nguyen am thi giii nguyen y, roi them s to play: He plays (Anh ta chcfi) * Cac cach phat am khi them “s/es” vao dong tii nguyen mau: /iz/, Isl, hoac Izl - Am cuoi phat am la Isl khi dong tii nguyen mau ket thuc bang: Ipi, Itl, Ikl, Ifl, / 6/. Vi du: stop stops hit hits cook cooks - Am cuoi phat am la lizl khi dong tii nguyen mau ket thuc bang: si, Izl, Ifl, /3/, /d3/, /tJ7. Vi du: miss misses rise rises wash washes watch watches judge judges - Am cuoi phat am la Izl neu am cuoi cua dong tii nguyen mau khong n&m trong hai nguyen t i c tren. Vi du: lay lays ride rides ring rings smell smells 2 . C a ch su1 d u n g a. D ien ta m ot sti viec, m ot h a n h d o n g th e o th o i q u en h o a c lap di la p la i C ac d o n g tii c h i tan su a t d i k e m : always, often, usually, sometimes, every, regularly, rarely, ... Vi du: 12 THANH HA - I usually get up early. Toi thiibng thtic day sdm. - He goes out with his friend almost every Saturday afternoon. Anh ta di chcti vdi ban hau het cac chieu this bay. - Tom always works hard. Tom luon luon lam viec cham chi. b. Dien ta mot stf that, m ot chan ly, khong thay doi VI du: - The sun rises in the East. M at trcti moc d dang Dong. - The earth revolves around the sun. Trai dat quay quanh mat trdi. - W ater boils at 100°C. Niidc soi d 100°C. c. Dien ta mot nhan dinh, tieu de, Idi hiidng dan. Vi du: - I bet you don’t know her. Toi citcfc la ban khong biet cd ay. - First you turn right. Triidc tien ban phai re phai. d. Dien ta lich lam viec, gid tau xe Vi du: - My school open at 7 o’clock everyday. Triicfng toi md ciia luc 7 gid hang ngay. - The bus goes every 10 minu es. Cii 10 phut lai co 1 chuyen xe buyt. e. Dien ta mot svC viec se dien ra trong ttfctng lai - Cac pho tif thdi gian chi ttfdng lai di kem: “tomorrow” , “next week” ,... hoac trong menh de trang nguf chi thdi gian: “when” , “as soon as” , “after” , 13 DONG TU TIENG ANH “before” , “till” , “until” ,... Vi du: - My new cataloge appears two week from today. Ca-ta-lo cua toi se ra mat 2 tuan nila ke tii horn nay. - The film begins at 8:00. Bo phim se bat dau luc 8:00 - My boy friend comes back from Ho Chi Minh City tomorrow. Ngay mai ban trai cua toi se trd ve tii thanh pho Ho Chi Minh. - I’ll come and see him before I leave for Ha Noi. Toi se tdi va gap anh ay triidc khi toi rdi di Ha Noi. THI HIEN TAI TIEP DliN 1. H in h thvfc Quy tac chia cho tat ca cac ngoi cua chu ngii la S + be + V-ing I + am we I you / they + are he I she I it + is Dong tu’ nguyen mltu dUOc them “m g” theo ouv the. sau: - Dong tii tan cung b^ng “e” (cam), bo “e” tru 6c khi them "ing". Vi du: to come coming to save saving 14 THANH HA to take to have to change nhUng: taking having changing to be being to see seeing - Dong tu: tan cung bang tie’/ trufdc khi them “m g” phai doi “ie” thanh “3/” VI du: to lie lying to die dying to tie tying - Dong tii tan cung bang mot mot nguyeruam va mot phoaJim, trU6c khi them “m g” phai gap doi phu am cuoi. Vi du: to cut cutting to stop stopping to put putting nhUng: to book booking to watch watching a. 2. Cach suf dung D ie n ta m ot h a n h d o n g d a n g d ien ra ta i thdi d iem noi. Vi du: - We are doing an English test. Chung toi dang lam Bai kiem tra tieng Anh. - I am learning French. Toi dang hoc tieng Phap. - The boy is playing football. Cau he dang chcti da bong. 15 p o-----------------------n g t it h e n b --a------nh __■ - It is heavily raining now. Luc nay trdi dang miia rat to. - M y mother is cooking. Me toi dang nau an. b. D iin ta nhiing hanh dong ditc/c lap lai hoac co tinh chat tam thdi. Vi du: - Are you playing tennis? Ban van chcti quan v&t chit. - My bike has broken down, so I am walking to school these days. Xe dap cua toi bi hong, vi vay nhitng ngay nay toi phai di bo di hoc. c. Dien ta mot thdi quen xau (bad habits), thitbng di vdi cac trang tit “constantly”, “continually”, “forever”. Vi du: - My friend is continually saying that he is tired and bored. Ban toi lien tuc noi rang anh ay met moi va chan chitting. - My mother is always com plaining about my cooking. Me toi luon phan nan ve chuyen nau nit&ng cua toi. d. Dien ta mot sit thay doi va phat trien. Vi du: - It’s getting dark. Trdi toi dan. - Mrs Brown is getting thinner and thinner. Ba Brown cang ngay cang gay. e. Dien ta mot si/ viec chac chan xay ra trong titong lai. 16 THANH HA Vi du: - I am graduating next week. Tdi se tot nghiep vdo tuan tdi. - W e are going to Ho Chi Minh city tomorrow. Chung toi se den thanh ph o H o Chi M inh vdo ngay mai. - She is opening her fashion shop next Monday. Co ay se khai tritcfng ciCa hang thdi trang vdo thU hai tuan tdi. C h u y: M ot so dong tii khong sU dung dUOc 0 dang tiep dien. - D ong tii chi tinh cam, cam xuc\ want, need, desire, refuse, forgive, wish, love, hate, adore, like, dislike. - D ong til chi cac hoat dong cua cac giac quan, suy nghi, y niem: see, hear, smell, notice, recognize, rem em ber, forget, know, understand, recall, recollect, believe, feel, think. - D ong tit chi quyen sd hiCu: own, possess, belong, owe. - Dong tijf “to be” (thi, la); to have (co). Ngoai le: * “to s e e ” dung dang -ing v 6i nghia: “hen gap, tham ” ... Vi du: - I am seeing the sights of London. Tdi dang di thdm nhiCng cdnh dep cua Ludn don. - He is seeing me tonight. A nh ay se gap toi vdo tdi nay. * “to fe e l” dung dang -ing v 6i nghia: “cam thay” (khoe, met,...) - I’m feeling tired today,_____________ ___ _ [ DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN ] DONG TUT TIENG ANH Horn nay toi cam thay rat met. * “to have” dung dang -ing vdi nghia: "dang lam viec gi” . VI du: - She is having breakfast. Co ay dang an sang. - I am having a bath. Toi dang tarn. * “to think” dung dang -ing vdi nghia: “ suy nghl, ngam nghl” . VI du: - W hat are you thinking about? Ban dang nghl g i vay? - I don’t know what are you thinking. Tdi khong biet ban dang nghl gi. THI HIEN TAI HOAN THANH 1. Hinh thtic. I I we I you / have + Pu CVpast they participle) he / she / it_______ has + P „ (Vpast participle) Vi du: - You have seen that movie many times. Ban do. xem bo phim nay mot nhieu Ian. - I think I have met him once before. Toi nghl la. toi da gap anh ay mot Ian triidc do. - There have been many earthquakes in California. Da nhieu Ian dong dat a Calfornia. - People have traveled to the Moon. 18 THANH HA M oi ngittii da du lich ten mat trang. 2. Cach dung. a. Dien ta mot hanh dong, mot suC viec xay ra d mot thdi diem khong xac dinh 6 qua khil. Vi du: - The army has attacked that city five times. Quan doi da tan cong vdo thanh pho do 5 Ian. - The rain hasn't stopped. Miia da tanh. - Tom has gone to London. Tom da di London. - I have bought a new skirt. Toi da mua mot chiec vay mdi. - He has missed two exams. Anh ay da thi tri/cft hai Ian. b. Dien ta mot hanh dong, mot si/ viec bat dau tit qua khu con tiep dien den hien tai va co the keo dai den tan titdng lai. Vi du: - I have studied in this school for many years. Tdi da hoc d tri/dng nay nhieu nam qua. - You have grown since the last time I saw you. Ban da triidng thanh hcfn ke tii Ian triidc tdi gap ban. - My English has really im proved since I moved to Australia. Tieng Anh cua tdi diidc nang cao ke tii khi tdi chuyen den Australia. - The government has becom e more interested in arts education.. Chinh phii trd nen quan tam hdn den nghe thuat giao due. 19 DONG TUT TIENG ANH c. - She has listened radio for two hours. Cd ay da nghe dai suot hai tieng qua. Dien ta mot hanh dong vUa mdi xay ra. VI du: - I’ve just had dinner. Toi vita dung bita toi. - They have gone to Ho Chi Minh City. Ho vita den thanh pho Ho Chi Minh. - I’ve just met Peter at the bank. Toi vita gap Peter d nha bang. * Chu y: - Nhieu ngUdi de nham cach sU dung cua thi hien tai hoan thanh vdi thi qua khii thUdng. Qua khit thitcfng di kem vdi cac trang t\i chi thdi gian xac dinh d qua khii.' Thdi gian do co the xuat hien trUc tiep trong cai> hoac co the dUdc hieu ngam. Thi hien tai hoan thanh thUdng khong co tii chi thdi gian xac dinh di kem. - I have bought a new skirt. Toi da mua chiec vay mdi. - I bought a new skirt yesterday. Horn qua toi da mua chiec vay mdi. - I bought the skirt after all. Sau cung tdi da mua chiec vay do. - We haven’t seen that film. Chung tdi chita titng xem bo phim do. - We didn’t see that film yesterday. Horn qua chung tdi khong xem bo phim do. Thi hien tai hoan thanh thUdng hay dUdc dung vdi cac trang t\i: since, for, already, yet, just, recently, lately, ever never, nearly, hardly,... - 20 THANH HA THi HIEN TAI HOAN THANH TIEP DliN 1. Hinh thttc. I I we I you / they have / been +V-ing he /she /it___________ has been +V-ing Vi du: - You have been waiting here for two hours. Ban da dai cj day 2 tieng roi. - Recently, I have been feeling really tired. Gan day, toi hay cam thay met moi. - She has been working at that company for three years. Co ay da lam viec d cong ty do ditdc 3 nam roi. - W hat have you been doing for the last 30 minutes? Ban da lam g i trong 30 phut trtfdc. - James has been teaching at the university since June. Jam es dang day d triidng dai hoc tii thang sau. a. 2. Cach dung. Dien ta mot hanh dong bat dau tai mot thdi diem trong qua khii, keo dai den hien tai va van tiep dien. Vi du: - Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days? Tai sao N ancy khong noi chuyen vdi bac si cua co ay trong ba ngay q u a ? - She has been performing for two hours. Co ay bieu dien da hai tieng dong ho. 21 DONG TUT TIENG ANH - I’ve been reading for an hour. Toi da doc diidc mot tieng dong ho. b. D iin ta mot hanh dong bat dau tu qua khu, tiep dien den hien tai, da ket thuc tai thdi diem noi. Vi du: - He has been playing football all afternoon. Anh ay da chdi bong da cd chieu nay. - We have been going out all day. Chung toi di chcti cd ngay. - I’ve been writing all morning. Toi da viet cd buoi sang nay. - Lisa has not been practicing her English. Lisa khong con thiic hanh tieng Anh nda. * Chu y: Nhieu tinh huong co the dUdc dien ta dong thdi bang thi hien tai hoan thanh va thi hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien. Su khac biet la thi hien tai hoan thanh nhan manh vao stf viec, con thi hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien nhan manh vao hanh dong tiep dien. - How long have you studied French? Ban da hoc tieng Phap bao lau roi? - How long have you been studying French? Ban da hoc tieng Phdp diidc bao lau ro i? - I’ve washed four white shirts this morning. Sang nay toi da giat bon chiec do sc/ mi trdng. - I've been washing four white shirts this morning. Sang nay toi da giat diidc bon chiec do sd mi trdng. - We have lived here for five months. Chung toi da song d day ndm thang. - We have been living here for five months. Chung toi da song d day diidc ndm thang. 22