Tài liệu động từ nguyên mẫu

ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU A. GIỚI THIỆU: Động từ nguyên mẫu có dạng TO VERB/ VERB - To V: To work, to do smth - To be V-ing: To be working - To have P2: To have worked - To have been V-ing: To have been working - Bị động: o To be P2: To be done o To have been P2: To have been done. B. CHỨC NĂNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU To become a teacher is my dream. To help you is my duty. Làm chủ ngữ Làm vị ngữ To know all about English is one thing, to know Englishis quite another To have made the same mistake twice is unforgivable. My dream is to become a teacher I have to help him. They ought to make that mistake. C. CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI VỚI NGUYÊN MẪU 1. “To infinitive” được dùng làm tân ngữ cho các động từ như: AGREE/ AIM/ APPEAR/ ATTEMPT/ CARE/ CHOOSE/ CLAIM/ DECIDE / DEMAND/ BE DETERMINED TO DO/ FAIL TO DO/ FORGET/ REMEMBER/ HAPPEN TO V/ TURN OUT TO BE/ HESITATE/ HOPE/ WANT/ WISH TO V/ LEARN/ MANAGE TO V/ PRETEND TO/ PROMISE/ REFUSE/ SEEM/ TEND/ SWEAR/ THREATEN/ TRY/ REGRET/ STOP 2. “To infinitive” dùng theo cấu trúc : V + O + to infinitive: REQUIRE/ REQUEST/ DEMAND/ ASK/ ALLOW/ PERMIT/ BEG/ WANT/ ADVISE/ ENCOURAGE/ FORCE/ PERSUADE/ REMIND/ ORDER/ TEACH/ TELL/ URGE/ WARN. Ex: Why did he advise you to visit Halong Bay? I told him to be patient. 3. “To infinitive” dùng theo cấu trúc:  Be about to do sth = be going to do sth= chuẩn bị làm gì The man is about to step on the boat.  Be + adj + to V I’m happy to teach you It’s nice to meet you.  Be + P2 + To V He require me to do this job  I was required to do that job.  Find it + adj + To V = Find that it + be = thấy...để làm gì... I find it difficult to learn new words. = I find that it is difficult to learn new words.  Try one’s best to do sth/ do one’s best to do Sth  Make an efford/ attempt= cố gắng  Decide= make up one’s mind to + V= Quyết định làm gì  How + to V He accidentally discovered how to open the safe. Anh ta tình cờ khám phá ra cách để mở cái két.  What + To V: I don’t know what to say Tôi không biết phải nói gì  Where/ when/ whether I don’t know where to go.. Tôi không biết phải đi đâu. I don’t know when to turn the lights off Tôi không biết khi nào thì tắt đèn đi. I wonder whether to leave or to stay Tôi tự hỏi liệu nên đi hay ở.  Decide/ learn/ remember 4. “To infinitive” dùng trong cấu trúc câu bị động “He is an honest man” They said  He was said to be an honest man “ He is living in Hanoi” They believe  He is believed to be living in Hanoi “ He stole my camera” She said  He was said to have stolen her camera. BÀI TẬP BÀI TẬP 1: CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG NGOẶC 1. Bill agreed (to meet) _____________us at the restaurant at 8:30, but he never showed up. 2. Our art teacher encouraged (to try) _____________with different colors. 3. Dana hopes (to save) ______________enough money to travel around Europe for three months. It's her dream. 4. Constance plans (to take) _____________part in the marathon next spring. 5. The doctor advised (to see) _____________a specialist about the problem. 6. After the tsunami, Bette chose (to stay) _____________in Indonesia and work with relief organization. 7. She waited (to buy) _____________a movie ticket. 8. The doctor encouraged his patients (to eat) _____________healthy food. 9. My flat is easy (to find) _____________ 10. We plan (to go) _____________to Europe this summer BÀI TẬP 2: CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG CHO MỖI CÂU SAU: 1. I am planning __________ Da Lat next week. A. visit B. visiting C. visited D. to visit 2. I must go now. I promised _____________ late A. not being B. not to be C. not being D. won’t be 3. Suddenly he stopped the car in order __________. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked 4. It was late, so we decided ____________ a taxi home. A. to take B. taken C. taking D. take 5. How old were you when you learnt _______________? A. how to drive B. how drive C. how driving D. how driven 6. She always encourages her son ____________ harder. A. to study B. studied C. study D. studying 7. Don’t forget __________ the letter I gave you. A. to post B. posting C. post D. posted 8. We expect him ______________ tomorrow. A. arrive B. arriving C. to arrive D. will arrive 9. I tried ___________the bus, but I missed it. A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught 10. Remember _____________Lan a present because today is her birthday. A. send B. sending C. to send D. sent 11. We were allowed ___________ photographs in this room. A. sell B. to sell C. selling D. sold 12. Would you like __________to my birthday party? A. coming B. come C. came D. to come KEY BÀI TẬP 1: CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG NGOẶC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. to meet to try to save to take to see BÀI TẬP 2: CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG CHO MỖI CÂU SAU: 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. D 6. to stay 7. to buy 8. to eat 9. to find 10. to go ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU A. CÁC CẤU TRÚC ĐI VỚI “ TO INFINITIVE” 1. It is + adj (of sb) to do sth = Sb is adj to do sth It is kind of you to help me = You are kind to help me 2. TO V chỉ mục đích để làm gì I learn TOEIC to/ in order to/ so as to get a good job. I come here to get some information. 3. Thay cho mệnh đề quan hệ: The only/ The last/ The first/ The second…+ TO V She is the only person in her village who studied abroad.  She is the only person in her village to study abroad. They are the first to leave all their money to charity. Neil Amstrong was the first man to set foot on the moon 4. TOO…TO V/ ENOUGH…TO V He is short, he can’t become a pilot  He is too short to become a pilot.  He isn’t tall enough to become a pilot. 5. Sau các danh từ: Ability / ambition / anxiety/ attempt/decision/ desire/ determination/ eagerness/ effort/ failure/ offer/ plan/ promise/ refusal/ wish/ willingness. This competition nurses their ambition to become successful businessmen. Cuộc thi này đã nuôi dưỡng tham vọng của họ để trở thành những người thương nhân thành công His failure to comply with traffic regulation led to a fine of $50. Việc anh ta không tuân theo luật lệ giao thông dẫn đến một khoản phạt $50 6. Lược bỏ bớt động từ Why are you learning so hard? I have to because I am having an exam tomorrow 7. Rút gọn trong lời mời Would you like to join us tonight? Yes, I’d love to. 8. Tránh lặp lại từ She wished to become a teacher but she wasn’t able to. I feel lonely and want someone to talk to. 9. Đại từ bất định + TO V There wasn’t anything to buy. The main thing to remember is to learn new words. B. CÁC CẤU TRÚC ĐI VỚI “ BARE INFINITIVE” 1. Dùng sau các động từ khuyết thiếu MODEL VERBS : CAN, COULD, SHOULD,… I must speak to the manager It might rain later 2. Had better/ would rather do sth than do= should + INF You’d better go to bed early I’d rather play tennis than go to the cinema. 3. LET/ MAKE/ HAVE/ HELP + SB DO STH LET SB DI STH = ALLOW/PERMIT SB TO DO= CHO PHÉP She let me go out = I was allowed to go out. MAKE SB DO STH Don’t make him do too many exercises Đừng bắt anh ta làm quá nhiều bài tập. HAVE SB DO STH = GET SB TO DO= nhờ ai làm gì I have my brother clean the floor HELP SB DO/TO DO STH I help him do/ to do his homework. 4. Các động từ tri giác: SEE/ HEAR/ FEEL/ WATCH/ CATCH SB DO STH # SEE/ HEAR/ FEEL/ WATCH/ CATCH SB DOING STH When I came into the room, I saw her reading my diary (đang đọc) Khi tôi vào phòng, tôi bắt gặp cô ấy đang đọc nhật kí của tôi. When I was on the bus this morning, I saw a thief steal her wallet (chứng kiến trọn vẹn hành động) Khi tôi trên xe bus sang nay, tôi thấy một tên trộm lấy ví của cô ấy. I often hear Minh tell his stories (nghe hết các câu chuyện) BÀI TẬP BÀI TẬP 1: CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG NGOẶC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 He made me (do). ................. it all over again. She can (sing). ................. quite well. He will be able (swim). ................. very soon. You ought (go). ................. today. It may (rain)................... tomorrow. I want (see)................... the house where our president was born. He made her (repeat). ................. the message. May I (use)................... your phone? He should (know) ................ how (use) . ............... the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) . .............. him. 9 If you want (get). there before dark you should (start) at once. 10 I couldn't (remember) . ..................................his address. 11 You'll be able (do). .................................. it yourself when you are older. 12 Would you like (go). ........ now or shall we (wait)................... till the end? 13 They won't let us (leave). the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined. 14 I used (smoke)................... forty cigarettes a day. 15 Will you help me (move)...... the bookcase? 16 He wouldn't let my baby (play) . ...........................................with his gold watch. 17 They refused (accept)................... the bribe. 18 Please let me (know). ............... your decision as soon as possible. 19 He made us (wait) . ................. for hours. 20 Could you (tell). .... me the time, please? 21 We must (send) . ............ him a telegram. 22 I let him (go). early as he wanted (meet)................... his wife. 23 Where would you like (have)...... lunch? 24 You can (leave). your dog with us if you don't (want)................... (take) . ................. him with you. 25 I'd like him (go)................. to a university but I can't (make) ................... him (go) . ................. . 26 We could (go). to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) ................... a museum. 27 You seem (know). ......... this area very well. ~Yes, I used (live)................... here. 28 You can (take) . a horse to water but you can't (make)................... him (drink). ............... 2. He saw them . ..........home late a. arrive b. to arrive c. arrived d. be arriving 3. Before we leave, let’s have Shelley . .................. a map for us so we won’t get lost. a. draw b. to draw c. drawing d. drawn 4. It is possible .................... to train across Canada. a. take b. to take c. taking d. to be taken 5. I can hear a cat . .................. at the window. a. scratches b. to scratch c. scratching d. was scratching 6. I think you mother should let you . ..................your own mind. a. make up b. to make up c. making up d. made up 7. I was delighted . .................. my old friends again. a. to see b. seeing c. saw d. be seen 8. I would rather . .................. to Elvis than The Beatles a. listen b. to listen c. listening d. be listened 9. Can you manage . .................. the work by yourself? a. finish b. to finish c. finishing d. finished 10. These tables were too heavy ..................... a. to move for us b. for us to move c. for us moving d. moving for us KEY BÀI TẬP 1: CHO DẠNG ĐÚNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG NGOẶC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Do Sing To swim To go- rain To see Repeat Use Know- to useshow 9. To get 10. Remember 11. To do BÀI TẬP 2: CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 12. To go- wait 13. Leave 14. To smoke 15. Move/ to move 16. Play 17. To accept 18. Know 19. Wait 20. Tell 21. Send 22. Go 23. To have 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 24. Leave- want- to take 25. To go- make- go 26. Go- to visit 27. To know- to live 28. Take- make- drink 29. To be 30. Remember- look 31. Not to feed 32. See- to speak A A A B B