Tài liệu đề cương ôn thi TN THPT 2014 (Có nhi ều dạng tự luận)

PRONUNCIATION  Exercise: Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the other words 1. A. university B. student C. volunteer D. museum 2. A. game B. organize C. angry D. college 3. A. win B. wine C. wrong D. wet 4. A. read B. teach C. please D. break 5. A. hour B. honest C. vehicle D. happy 6. A. blood B. food C. childhood D. understood 7. A. music B. city C. send D. said 8. A. church B. child C. chemistry D. cheese 9. A. sword B. wear C. wet D. swamp 10. A. surgery B. curtain C. cure D. curdle 11. A. heal B. head C. seal D. lean 12. A. here B. there C. cheer D. sphere 13. A. who B. when C. what D. why 14. A. off B. of C. first D. fan 15. A. corn B. price C. piece D. concept 16. A. well B. week C. two D. forward 17. A. ear B. hear C. near D. heart 18. A. satellite B. light C. might D. lit 19. A. laser B. cancer C. attack D. scalpel 20. A. energy B. gift C. biology D. agency 21. A. meat B. accept C. ending D. weather 22. A. poison B. reason C. laser D. sack 23. A. nitric B. oxide C. timber D. tiny 24. A. summer B. since C. sure D. sound 25. A. vapor B. famous C. waste D. plastic 26. A. erosion B. smog C. disposal D. process 27. A. washed B. matched C. indented D. walked 28. A. repaired B. watched C. finished D. taped 29. A. left – handed B. looked C. stopped D. liked 30. A. plays B. gets C. swims D. cleans 31. A. shakes b. washes C. steps D. meets 32. A. pleasant B. pens C. books D. opens 33. A. stops B. calculates C. laughs D. occasion 34. A. than B. theatre C. theory D. thorough 35. A. consumption B. production C. industrial D. industry 36. A. little B. possible C. edible D. terrible 37. A. habitat B. rapid C. informant D. manage 38. A. quay B. technique C. key D. queen 39. A. company B. companion C. apprentice D. extra 40. A. respect B. estimate C. guess D. access 41. A. accustomed B. accurate C. accompany D. success 42. A. plough B. rough C. tough D. enough 43. A. wild B. wide C. white D. bewilder 1 44. A. possibly 45. A. situation 46. A. drive 47. A. supply 48. A. possession 49. A. coming 50. A. toothache I. B. psychology B. aspiration B. bike B. reply B. address B. ocean B. therefore C. special C. statue C. idea C. why C. guess C. contrary C. thrill D. program D. lecture D. winning D. rhythm D. mess D. obstacles D. author Stress: 1. Daáu nhaán trong töø coù 2 aâm tieát thöôøng naèm ôû: + vaàn thöù 2 ñoái vôùi ñoäng töø. + vaàn thöù 1 ñoái vôùi danh töø hoaëc tính töø.  Notes: Ñoái vôùi nhöõng töø taän cuøng laø ñuoâi: en, er, on ……….. vaø moät soá töø khoâng naèm trong quy luaät naøy neân caùch phaùt aâm nhöõng töø naøy phaûi döïa vaøo töø ñieån ñeå phaùt aâm cho chính xaùc. 2. Daáu nhaán trong töø coù hôn 2 aâm tieát thöôøng ñöôïc phaùt aâm döïa treân nhöõng quy luaät sau: a. Daáu nhaán thöôøng naèm ôû vaàn tröôùc ion, ial, ical, ity, itive, itant, ic, ous, ual .. : mathematical, magic .. b. Ñoái vôùi nhöõng töø taän cuøng laø: fy, ate, ize…. Daáu nhaán seõ naèm ôû vaàn thöù 3 ñeám töø döôùi leân : delicate … c. Daáu nhaán thöôøng naèm ôû chính nhöõng vaàn oon, ese, ee, oo ……. : bamboo, afternoon ………… d. Danh töø keùp coù daáu nhaán naèm ôû danh töø ñöùng tröôùc : bookshop, welfare ……….. A. Choose the word that the stress is on the first syllable: 1. A. company B. protect C. situation D. possession 2. A. volcanic B. welfare C. retain D. organic 3. A. legal B. convention C. cosmetic D. absorb 4. A. discover B. scientific C. horrible D. develop 5. A. American B. intelligent C. impossible D. comfortable 6. A. forbid B. fearsome C. inject D. involve 7. A. discard B. disposal C. especially D. element 8. A. investigate B. irrigate C. intensity D. nonsmoker 9. A. alone B. customer C. conceal D. conflict 10. A. apprentice B. attendance C. basic D. caress B. Choose the word that the stress is on the second syllable 1. A. sulphur B. sulphuric C. undergrowth D. tissue 2. A. solidify B. section C. scalpel D. process 3. A. independent B. whether C. open D. together 4. A. sugar B. double C. enough D. argue 5. A. special B. medicine C. language D. experience 6. A. gallery B. everyone C. reservation D. guitarist 7. A. police B. government C. modern D. consequent 8. A. safeguarding B. resources C. sanguine D. property 9. A. part – time B. obstacle C. mineral D. outnumber 10. A. element B. erosion C. gesture D. foreign C. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others in each goup: 1. A. private B. property C. approach D. foreign 2 2. A. outnumber 3. A. nation 4. A. different 5. A. meaning 6. A. example 7. A. understand 8. A. maintain 9. A. suggestion 10. A. necessary 11. A. against 12. A. element 13. A. American 14. A. experience 15. A. disappoint 16. A. repeat 17. A. military 18. A. before 19. A. incredible 20. A. begin 21. A. dinosaur 22. A. document 23. A. definition 24. A. photography 25. A. ancient 26. A. personal 27. A. accordance 28. A. appropriate 29. A. cultivate 30. A. prediction 31. A. unlucky 32. A. combination 33. A. follow 34. A. explain 35. A. national 36. A. community 37. A. accuracy 38. A. accident 39. A. beginner 40. A. ambulance B. continent B. possess B. instruction B. business B. following B. overcome B. reclaim B. cigarette B. continue B. believe B. fertilizer B. represent B. communicate B. ancestry B. between B. committee B. arrive B. humidity B. mountain B. calendar B. develop B. production B. qualification B. edible B. entry B. understand B. emotion B. machine B. judgment B. displeased B. illustration B. apology B. obtain B. complain B. peninsula B. individual B. direction B. encounter B. another C. scholarship C. themselves C. anything C. recognize C. homonym C. disappoint C. enjoy C. environment C. irrigate C. drainage C. quantity C. discover C. frightening C. comfortable C. caress C. intimacy C. imply C. necessity C. kingdom C. eternal C. opponent C. situation C. occasion C. visual C. personnel C. acupuncture C. pronounce C. terminate C. intelligent C. courage C. comprehension C. experience C. promise C. alone C. participant C. recreation C. factory C. disappear C. government D. illustrate D. provide D. singular D. prediction D. difficulty D. apparent D. concert D. protection D. different D. enrich D. erosion D. adventure D. inherit D. heavily D. welfare D. surgery D. countless D. definition D. passage D. history D. astonish D. politician D. Canadian D. delicious D. sample D. incomplete D. situation D. operate D. compulsion D. encourage D. origin D. direct D. suspect D. accept D. concentration D. independence D. hospital D. remember D. institute Phaàn 2: VOCABULARY I. Expression of quantity: 1. SOME: Duøng trong caâu khaúng ñònh, lôøi môøi, lôøi ñeà nghò, tröôùc danh töø ñeám ñöôïc vaø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc. 2. ANY: Duøng trong caâu phuû ñònh hoaëc nghi vaán. 3. MUCH – MANY – A LOT OF/ LOTS OF – A GREAT DEAL OF – A LARGE NUMBER OF……. 3 With countable nouns many a large / great number of plenty of a lot of / lots of few / a few With uncountable nouns much a large amount of / a great deal of plenty of a lot of / lots of little / a little  Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. When we were on holiday, we spend too -------------- money. A. a lot of B. many C. much D. lots of 2. We couldn’t buy anything because -------------- of the shops were open. A. all B. half C. most D. none 3. I think that -------------- lemon juice on fish makes it taste better. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 4. -------------- don’t visit this part of the town. A. The most tourists B. Most of tourists C. Most tourists D. Most the tourists 5. -------------- has left a bicycle outside. A. Anyone B. Anything C. Someone D. Something 6. -------------- cups of coffee have you taken? A. How many B. How much C. How D. How far 7. There’s -------------- use in complaining. They probably won’t do anything about it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little 8. It is boring here. -------------- ever happens in this place. A. Anything B. Something C. Things D. Nothing 9. I spend -------------- my spare time gardening. A. most B. the most of C. most of D. most of the 10. The village is very small. There are -------------- houses. A. a few B. only a few C. some D. only a little 11. All the guests were dancing. -------------- having the good time. A. All were B. Every was C. Everyone was D. Someone were 12. We tried a lot of hotel but -------------- of them had any rooms. A. some B. most C. any D. none 13. Bill is very lazy. He never does -------------- work. A. some B. any C. no D. few 14. Mason owns a chain of supermarket. He’s made -------------- money. A. a lot of B. many C. much D. a great number of 15. He can speak -------------- English, so it is not difficult to communicate with him. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 16. Her employer gave her a good recommendation because she makes -------------- mistakes in her work. A. a few B. little C. very few D. some 17. I don’t want to buy any of these books. I have got --------------. A. all B. all them C. everything D. them all 18. The shop is very quiet. There are -------------- customers have come in. A. a few B. a little C. only a few D. only a little 19. -------------- paintings have been sold. A. A large number of B. a great deal of C. much of D. many of 4 20. The tickets cost --------------, so we can’t afford them. A. too much B. too many C. so much D. so many II. Prepositions and Phrasal verbs: 1. Giôùi töø sau tính töø (SGK- trang 71) 2. Cuïm töø: Verb + Noun phrase + Preposition (SGK- trang 88) 3. Giôiù töø theo sau GO: (SGK- trang 131) 4. Giôùi töø ñi vôùi thôøi gian:  AT: duøng ñeå chæ thôøi ñieåm ( at 5 o’clock/ at midnight/ at noon/ at night/ at lunch time/ at Christmas/ at the weekend … )  ON: duøng chæ ngaøy, ngaøy thaùng, ngaøy thaùng naêm… (on Monday/ on Sunday morning/ on 16 Friday/ on 30 April, 2008/ on my birthday… )  IN: duøng ñeå chæ thaùng, naêm, muøa, buoåi … (in September/ in 2008/ in the morning/ in the summer… 5. Giôùi töø theo sau ñoäng töø: apologize to sb for sth / V - ng apply/ask for (a job) belong to wait for differ from smile/ laugh at introduce to sb suffer from give up arrive at/ in look at/ up/ for/ after/ forward to consist of put on/ off concern with/ about stand for run out of infer from account for succeed in date back to prevent sb from V- ing be used up protect sb/sth from be up to provide/ supply sb with be involved in depend/ rely on be keen on insist on take off  Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. Attending all the lectures is important -------------- us. A. for B. to C. at D. on 2. Smoking is -------------- to your health. A. good B. serious C. accustomed D. harmful 3. I am sorry -------------- the noise last night. We were having a party. A. in B. at C. about D. with 4. I am sure you are capable -------------- guiding the tourists. A. of B. on C. for D. about 5. It’s very kind -------------- him to do it for us. A. about B. of C. to D. with 6. He is very keen -------------- English, but he is not good -------------- listening. A. at/ on B. on/ at C. at/ at D. to/ of 7. Your hairstyle is quite similar -------------- me. A. of B. to C. from D. with 8. Hurry up or you will be late -------------- school. A. on B. in C. to D. for 9. What he said was contrary -------------- common sense. A. for B. about C. of D. to 10. I don’t think he was present -------------- the meeting yesterday. A. about B. in C. at D. on 5 11. Are you serious -------------- learning to be an architect? A. for B. about C. with D. at 12. She has become very famous -------------- her novels. A. for B. about C. on D. in 13. What is the difference -------------- a boat and a ship? A. between B. from C. under D. with 14. We are all bored -------------- this game. A. about B. at C. for D. with 15. The cameras prevent motorists -------------- speed. A. by B. from C. for D with 16. A great number of people are involved -------------- the use of English. A. in B. on C. at D. to 17. English is used -------------- an access to world scholarship and world trade. A. to B. for C. like D. as 18. There were a power failure and all the lights went --------------. A. up B. out C. after D. along 19. The police went -------------- the burglars. A. after B. over C. down D. up 20. We are going -------------- a few days for the holidays. A. away B. up C. on D. out 21. The dog wants to go -------------- towards the fire. A. away B. back C. after D. along 22. The prize of petrol is going -------------- because the cost of the exploitation is too high. A. down B. up C. along D. on 23. Go -------------- your work carefully before you hand it in. A. over B. up C. back D. into 24. As time goes -------------- my memory seems to get worse. A. down B. by C. out D. away 25. You should try to study hard to -------------- your classmates. A. make fun of B. keep pace with C. lose track of D. pay attention to 26. The man whom you -------------- on the bus yesterday is my father. A. took notice of B. made fuss over C. put a stop to D. made room for 27. He was very angry because they -------------- him. A. took account of B. set fire to C. made fun of D. lost touch with 28. The teacher made allowance -------------- his marks because his father was in hospital. A. up B. for C. to D. of 29. Write your name -------------- the top of the page. A. in B. at C. to D. with 30. Mozart was born in Salzburg -------------- 1756. A. at B. on C. in D. from 31. -------------- Saturday night I went to bed -------------- 11 o’clock. A. At/ on B. In/ at C. On/ at D. At/ to 32. These days everybody is aware -------------- the dangers of smoking. A. up b. of C. to D. with 33. Many young people want to be independent -------------- their parents nowadays. A. on B. up C. from D. of 6 34. Why are two schools so -------------- from each other. A. similar B. same C. different 35. The child is very -------------- at arithmetic. A. quick B. prefect C. sad D. afraid D. rich III. Word form and word meaning: 1. Nouns: Danh töø thöôøng ñöùng ôû caùc vò trí sau: a. Chuû ngöõ cuûa caâu ( S ) b. Sau tính töø hoaëc tính töø sôû höõu ( adj + N, her/ his/ my/ their/ ‘s ……… + N ) c. Sau maïo töø: a/ an/ the ( a/ an/ the + adj + noun ) d. Sau giôùi töø: ( of, in, on, from, to, about, with...) hoaëc töø chæ soá löôïng ( a few/ little, some, any, much, most… 2. Adjectives: Tính töø thöôøng ñöùng ôû caùc vò trí sau: a. Tröôùc danh töø, boå nghiaõ cho danh töø b. Sau ñoäng töø “ to be” hoaëc ñoäng töø “ linking verbs" ( get, seem, keep, make, become, feel ………. ) c. Sau caùc caáu truùc: so…. that, enough…, too…. to, daïng so saùnh ( more, most, less, as.. as. ) 3. Adverbs: Traïng töø thöôøng ñöùng ôû caùc vò trí sau: a. Tröôùc hoaëc ñoäng töø thöôøng: ( S - V …. + adv hoaëc S + adv + V …. ) b. Tröôùc tính töø: ( be, seem … + adv + adj … ) c. Ñaàu caâu ( sau daáu phaåy ) hoaëc cuoái caâu.  Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. He is unhappy because of his --------------. A. deaf B. deafen C. deafness D. deafened 2. This country has -------------- climate. A. continent B. continental C. continence D. continentally 3. She has a -------------- for pink. A. prefer B. preferential C. preferentially D. preference 4. Computers are -------------- used in schools and universities. A. widely B. wide C. widen D. width 5. I sometimes do not feel -------------- when I am at a party. A. comfort B. comfortable C. comforted D. comfortably 6. English is the language of --------------. A. communicative B. communication C. communicate D. communicatively 7. I have to do this job because I have no --------------. A. choose B. choice C. choosing D. chosen 8. He is not very -------------- of criticism. A. tolerable B. tolerated C. tolerant D. tolerating 9. English is used by pilots to ask for landing -------------- in Cairo. A. instruct B. instructors C. instructions D. instructive 10. He did some odd jobs at home --------------. A. disappointment B. disappoint C. disappointed D. disappointedly 11. Don’t be afraid. This snake is --------------. A. harm B. harmful C. harmless D. unharmed 12. During his --------------, his family lived in the United State. A. child B. childhood C. childish D. childlike 7 13. Jack London wrote several -------------- novels on adventure. A. interest B. interestedly C. interesting D. interested 14. He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any -------------- for it. A. prepare B. preparation C. preparing D. prepared 15. The custom was said to be a matter of --------------. A. convenient B. convenience C. conveniently D. convene 16. She is -------------- in her book. A. absorbed B. absorbent C. absorptive D. absorb 17. As she is so -------------- with her present job, she has decided to leave. A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. unsatisfied 18. Although her visit wasn’t --------------, we made her welcome just the same. A. expect B. expected C. expectation D. expecting 19. He plays the piano -------------- well. A. tolerate B. tolerable C. tolerably D. tolerance 20. Prices continue to show an upward --------------. A. tendency B. tend C. tended D. tending 21. They will -------------- this road because its -------------- is too narrow. A. widen/ widely B. wide/ width C. widen/ width D. width/ widely 22. They did everything possible to -------------- the police force. A. strengthen B. strengthening C. strength D. strong 23. I spent a ( an ) -------------- night because of my toothache. I am very tired now. A. sleepy B. sleeping C. sleepless D. asleep 24. Your money will be refunded if the goods prove to be -------------- . A. satisfying B. dissatisfied C. satisfactory D. unsatisfactory 25. The -------------- of old buildings should be taken into consideration. A. preserve B. preservation C. preservative D. preserves 26. Our education will help with the -------------- of knowledge for the young. A. enrichment B. enrich C. rich D. richness 27. Getting such a well – paid job is beyond my --------------. A. expectation B. expected C. expectant D. expecting 28. That is not -------------- true of single parents. A. necessarily B. necessary C. need D. necessity 29. That is silly. What you are seeing is --------------. A. reasonably B. reason C. reasonable D. unreasonable 30. Hunting for meat and burning forest for soil -------------- wildlife. A. conserve B. protect C. destroy D. reclaim 31. This new kind of generator can generate a current of high --------------. A. potential B. intensity C. preference D. absorbent 32. The children always get -------------- on long journey. A. harmless B. restless C. motionless D. speechless 33. Most of the rivers flowing through big cities are -------------- with chemical waste factories. A. polluted B. eroded C. mixed D. flooded 34. It is necessary for the host to make his guests feel comfortable and --------------. A. relaxed B. relaxation C. relaxing D. relax 35. A laser beam’s -------------- is strong enough to kill cancer cells. A. intention B. intensity C. intend D. intensive 8 IV. Prefixes and suffixes: out, super, sur, sub, under, over 1. Don’t be --------------; everything will be all right. A. over anxious B. overbearing C. overnight D. oversea 2. You should eat more. You are a bit --------------. a. underweight B. overweight C. out weight D. weightless 3. She -------------- her husband by five years. A. outrun B. outweighed C. outlived D. outnumbered 4. We protest against their -------------- treatment of prisoners. A. subhuman B. superhuman C. surhuman D. over human 5. There is a determination to ---------------- problems. A. overwork B. overturn C. overwrite D. overcome 6. Boiled meat can keep in ______________ containers and shipped to other countries. A. airsick B. airtight C. airship D. airbase 7. When --------- “un” , the word “happy” becomes its opposite. A. it adds B. it is adding C. added D. adding V. Verb form: 1. V + Verb ( bare ): had better (d’ better), would rather (d’ rather), used to, have to, help (toV/ Vbare), Can/could/may/must/will…,  make/ let + O + V (Neáu ôû daïng bò ñoäng : Be let/made + to V) 2. V + V-ing: admit, avoid, appreciate, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, look forward, mind, miss, postpone, risk, practice, suggest, give up, finish, can’t bear, can’t help, feel like, be busy, be worth, be used to, get used to, it’s no use/good …  After prepositions: to, at from, about,…….. 3. V + to V: agree, arrange, ask, beg, decide, determine, desire, expect, fail, hope, invite, manage, offer, plan, refuse, seem, tell, tend, wish, want, would like, be willing…  S + V ( be, seem, look, feel,…..) + ADJ + to V Verb ( want, ask, tell, request, order, beg, advise, ……………. ) + O + to V 4. Caùc tröôøng hôïp ngoaïi leä khaùc:  Allow/ permit/ recommend/ advise … + V-ing + O + To V  Stop + to V : döøng laïi ñeå…. V-ing: töø boû (thoùi quen)  Remember + V-ing: nhôù ñaõ laøm gì (quaù khöù) To V: nhôù seõ laøm gì (töông lai)  Forget + V-ing: ñaõ queân laøm gì (quaù khöù) To V : Seõ(khoâng) queân laøm gì (töông lai)  Regret + V-ing: hoái haän vì ñaõ… To V: thoâng baùo moät tin xaáu  Try + V-ing: thöû laøm gì ñoù To V: coá gaéng laøm gì ñoù  Need: neáu chuû ngöõ chæ ngöôøi: S + need, require, want + to V Neáu chuû ngöõ chæ vaät: S + need, require, want + V- ing or to be V(pp)  Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. Many young people are fond of -------------- football and other kinds of sports. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 9 2. They couldn’t help -------------- when they heard the little boy singing a love song. A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughed 3. Your house needs -------------- . A. redecorated B. redecorating C. being redecorated D. to redecorate 4. I remember -------------- them to play in my garden. A. to allow B. allow C. allowing D. allowed 5. It was a nasty memory. Do you remember both of us wearing sunglasses to avoid -------------- by the supervisors? A. to recognize B. to be recognized C. recognizing D. being recognized 6. I can’t bear thinking back of that time. I’d rather -------------- equally. A. treat B. be treated C. have treated D. treating 7. Did you accuse Nam of -------------- a plate? Well, I saw him -------------- it off the table with his elbow. A. break/ knock B. breaking/ knocking C. to break/ to knock D. breaking/ knock 8. We found it very difficult -------------- with Gamma. A. to work B. work C. working D. worked 9. I can’t read when I am traveling. It makes me -------------- sick. A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling 10. I need -------------- what’s in the letter. Why don’t you let me -------------- it? A. to know/ to read B. know/ read C. to know/ read D. knowing/ read 11. I suggest -------------- some more mathematical puzzles. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 12. We regret -------------- you that we cannot approve your suggestion. A. inform B. to inform C. informing D. informed 13. The driver stopped -------------- a coffee because he felt sleepy. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 14. Have you ever considered -------------- a pharmacist? A. become B. becoming C. to become D. became 15. You had better -------------- at home until you feel better. A. staying B. stayed C. to stay D. stay 16. I remember -------------- my mother said the grass in the garden needed --------------. A. to hear/cutting B. hear/cut C. heard/to cut D. hearing/ cutting 17. Peter sometimes help his sister --------------. A. do homework B. to do homework C. with homework D. all are correct 18. I would rather -------------- at home than --------------out with you. A. staying/going B. to stay/ to go C. stay/go D. stayed/went 19. I would rather you --------------. A. drive B. to drive C. drove D. driven 20. She didn’t say a word and left the room. A. She left the room without saying a word B. She leaving the room without saying a word C. She left the room saying a word D. She left the room to say a word. 21. My father wanted me -------------- a pilot. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became 22. Please wait a minute. My boss is busy -------------- something. A. write B. writing C. to write D. to writing 10 23. My teacher doesn’t allow us -------------- while he is explaining the lesson. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 24. We have plenty of time. We needn’t -------------A. hurry B. to hurry C. hurrying D. hurried 25. I promised -------------- on time. I mustn’t -------------- late. A. be/be B. to be/to be C. to be/ be D. be/to be 26. Mary and I are looking forward -------------- you. A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to seeing D. to see 27. I’m sure that he knows -------------- this new machine. A. to use B. using C. how using D. how to use 28. Psychiatrists and doctors have failed -------------- people not to drink. A. to tell B. telling C. tell D. told 29. The students are used to -------------- in the school library. A. working B. work C. to work D. worked 30. Our room needs -------------- up. A. tidied B. to tide C. tidy D. tidying 31. Mercury’s low gravity makes you -------------- very light in a spaceship. A. feel B. feeling C. to feel D. felt 32. “ Was the test long?”. “ Yes, John was the only one -------------- it” A. to finish B. finishing C. finished D. finish 33. A lots of needs -------------- to the house before anyone can move in. A. be done B. doing C. to do D. done 34. It is about time you -------------- harder for the next exam. A. worked B. working C. work D. to work 35. If he really doesn’t feel like -------------- now, I suggested that he should go out for some fresh air. A. work B. to work C. worked D. working Phaàn 3: GRAMMAR I. Tenses, transformation of tenses, subject and verb agreement, inversion, tag question: A. Tenses: 1. The simple present tense: (thì hieän taïi ñôn) S + V(s/es) ( ñoäng töø “to be” : S + am / is / are ) Adverbs: always, usually, often, sometimes, everyday/week/night…, seldom, rarely… Dieãn taû moät söï thaät hieån nhieân hoaëc moät vieäc thöôøng xuyeân xaûy ra. 2. The present continuous tense: (thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn) S + am / is / are + V-ing Adverbs: now, at the moment, at present, right now. Dieãn taû moät söï vieäc ñang xaûy ra trong thôøi ñieåm hieän taïi. Caáu truùc be + going to + V dieãn taû thì töông lai döï ñònh. 3. The present perfect tense: (thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh) S + have / has + V pp(ed/3) Adverbs: just, already, not…yet, never, ever, recently, several/many times, up to now, so far, For + khoaûng thôøi gian, Since + moác thôøi gian… Dieãn taû moät söï vieäc ñaõ xaûy ra khoâng xaùc ñònh thôøi gian hoaëc moät vieäc ñaõ xaûy ra xaùc ñònh thôøi gian nhöng chöa keát thuùc. 4. The simple past tense: (thì quaù khöù ñôn) 11 S + Ved/2 (Ñoäng töø “to be”: S + was / were) Adverbs: yesterday, last, ago, in (2005). Dieãn taû moät söï vieäc dieãn ra taïi moät thôøi ñieåm xaùc ñònh trong quaù khöù. 5. The past continuous tense: (thì quaù khöù tieáp dieãn) S + was / were + V -ing Dieãn taû 1 söï vieäc ñang dieãn ra taïi moät thôøi ñieåm trong quaù khöù ( at 7:00 last night) Dieãn taû 2 söï vieäc song song dieãn taû trong quaù khöù ( vôùi caùc lieân töø : when, while, as) 6. The past perfect tense : (thì quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh) S + had + Vpp Dieãn taû haønh ñoäng xaûy ra tröôùc 1 thôøi ñieåm hoaëc 1 söï vieäc khaùc trong quaù khöù Thöôøng ñöôïc duøng cuøng vôùi thì quaù khöù ñôn ( trong caâu coù caùc lieân töø: before, after, until) 7. The simple future tense: (thì töông lai ñôn) S + will / shall + V(bare) (Duøng “be going to + V” dieãn taû töông lai gaàn) Adverbs: tomorrow, in the future, next…, in six days (trong 6 ngaøy tôùi) 8. The present perfect continuous : (thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh tieáp dieãn) S + have / has + been + V-ing Dieãn taû haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù, keùo daøi lieân tuïc ñeán hieän taïi( wait, sleep, study….) Ex: I have been waiting for her for 3 hours/ since 3 o’clock 9. The future continuous: (thì töông lai tieáp dieãn). S + will + be + V-ing Dieãn taû 1 söï vieäc ñang xaûy ra hoaëc xaûy ra song song vôùi 1 haønh ñoäng khaùc trong töông lai. Ex: This time next week we will be lying on the beach 10. The future perfect: (thì töông lai hoaøn thaønh). S + will + have + Vpp Dieãn taû moät söï vieäc hoaøn thaønh tröôùc 1 thôøi ñieåm trong töông lai Ex : We will have left school before this July  The adverbial clauses of time: (meänh ñeà traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian): Laø meänh ñeà baét ñaàu baèng caùc lieân töø: when, while, as, after, before, as soon as, till, until, since…. Söï phoái hôïp veà thì trong caâu coù meänh ñeà traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian: Main clause Adverbial clause of time 1. Present tenses ( hieän taïi) à present tenses 2. Past tenses (quaù khöù) à past tenses 3. Future tenses (töông lai) à present tenses  Notes :  Khoâng duøng thì töông lai ( will/shall ) trong meänh ñeà traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian.  Ñoái vôùi lieân töø Since: S + has/have +Ved/3 since S + Ved/2.  Caû 2 haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra: S + had +Ved/3 before S + Ved/2 S + Ved/2 after S + had + Ved/3  Sau WHILE/AS thöôøng duøng thì tieáp dieãn: while/ as S + was/were + V-ing  Sau caùc lieân töø maø khoâng coù S ta duøng Ving: After having finished the exam, I’ll go home. 12  Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. I -------------- this film twice. A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen 2. After -------------- her performance, she invited the audience to ask questions. A. she finishes B. finished C. finishing D. she will finish 3. His father -------------- of cancer last year. A. will die B. has died C. died D. had died 4. The train -------------- when we got to the station. A. just left B. just leaves C. has just left D. had just left 5. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she -------------- the fire department. A. was telephoning B. telephoned C. had telephoned D. has telephoned 6. Before Jennifer won the lottery, she -------------- any kind of contest. A. hasn’t entered B. doesn’t enter C. wasn’t entering D. hadn’t entered 7. Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he -------------- homesick. A. will have left B. felt C. feels D. is feeling 8. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I -------------- to visit friends and family several times. A. return B. will have returned C. am returning D. have returned 9. Yesterday while I was attending a sales meeting, Mathew -------------- on the company annual report. A. was working B. had been working C. has worked D. works 10. When my parents -------------- for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby for the first time. A. will arrive B. arrived C. arrive D. will have arrived 11. The last time I -------------- in Athens, the weather was hot and humid. A. had been B. was C. am D. will have been 12. After the race --------------, the celebration began A. had been won B. is won C. will be won D. has been won 13. Andy -------------- out of the restaurant when he -------------- Jenny A. came/saw B. is coming /saw C. came/was seeing D. was coming/had seen 14. While he was washing his car, Mr. Brown -------------- a small dint in the rear fender. A. has discovered B. was discovering C. is discovering D. discovered 15. Linda has lost her passport again. It’s the second time this --------------. A. has happened B. happens C. happened D. had happened 16. At this time tomorrow, we -------------- our final exam. A. will have taking B. will be taken C. would take D. will be taking 17. The baby --------------. Don’t make so much noise. A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. slept 18. Peter said he -------------- a test the following day. A. had had B. will have C. has had D. would have 19. It is not so hot today as it -------------- yesterday. A. is B. was C. would be D. had been 20. -------------- a party next Saturday. We have sent out the invitation. A. we had B. we have C. we’ll have D. we have had 21. I’m very tired -------------- over four hundred miles to day. A. I drive B. I’ve driven C. I’m driving D. I’ve been driving 22. I’m busy at the moment . -------------- on the computer. A. I work B. I’m worked C. I’m working D. I worked 23. Our friends -------------- meet us at the airport tonight. A. are B. are going to C. go to D. will be to 13 24. I will tell Anna all the news when -------------- her A. I’ll see B. I’m going to see C. I see D. I’m seeing 25. Don’t worry, I -------------- here to help you A. be B. will be C. am going to be D. won’t be 26. When I entered the room, everyone --------------. A. has been dancing B. was dancing C. had danced D. danced 27. Before the invention of the steamboat there -------------- no way to cross the ocean. A. has been B. could have been C. had been D. would be 28. He said that he -------------- his homework since 7 o’clock. A. had done B. did C. has done D. was doing 29. Tom said everything -------------- ready when the match --------------. A. will be/starts B. would be/started C. is/started D. will be/started 30. How long -------------- able to drive? - Since 1990. A. could you B. have you been C. were you D. are you 31. She won't get married until she -------------- 25 years old. A. is B. will be C. had been D. was. 32. Look. The yard is wet. It -------------- last night. A. must rain B. couldn’t have rained C. must have rained D. should have rained 33. After Mary -------------- her degree, she intends to work in her father's company. A. will finish B. is finishing C. finishes D. will have finished 34. When he -------------- all the letters, he took them to the post office. A. has written B. had written C. wrote D. had been writing 35. By the end of this month, I -------------- English for 6 years. A. have learnt B. will have learnt C. had learnt D. learnt 36. We -------------- in touch with each other for years. A. will not keep B. are not keeping C. did not keep D. have not kept 37. She has learnt French -------------- the age of five. A. since B. for C. before D. in 38. Tom -------------- before we arrived there. A. has left B. had left C. will leave D. leaves 39. Up to now, I -------------- a lot of information about her. A. learnt B. have learnt C. will learn D. would learn 40. Wait here until I -------------- you. A. am going to call B. will call C. am calling D. call 41. When I came to visit her, she -------------- a bath. A. was having B. has C. is having D. had Mary had to go to New York last week, but she almost ---42----------- the plane. She ---43----------- in the queue at the check-in desk when she suddenly ----44---------- that she ----45---------- her passport at home. Fortunately, she ---46----------- very far from the airport, so she ----47---------- time to take a taxi at home to get it. 42. A. missed B. was missing C. had missed D. had been missing 43. A. stood B. had stood C. was standing D. had been standing 44. A. was realizing B. realized C. had realized D. would realize 45. A. was leaving B. left C. had left D. would leave 46. A. hadn’t lived B. doesn’t live C. didn’t live D. hasn’t lived 47. A. had B. had had C. has D. has had 14 48. It is an hour since he --------------, so he should be at office now. A. left B. has left C. had left D. was leaving B. Transformation of tenses:  Notes: a. It + be + time + since + simple past b. It is the first/ second/ third …… time + present perfect c. The last time + simple past d. Present perfect + since + simple past  Exercise: Rewrite these sentences: 1. The last time she had a swim was ten years ago. à She hasn’t …………………………………………....... 2. I have never met such a famous person before. à It is …………………………………………………........ 3. I last saw him when I was a student. à I haven’t …………………………………………………………... 4. I haven’t come there for two years. à I last …………………………………………………………............. 5. I have studied English for seven years. à I started …………………………………………………………...  Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. I have never seen such beautiful pictures before. A. These pictures are the most beautiful I have never seen. B. These pictures are the most beautiful I have ever seen. C. This is the first time I see beautiful pictures. D. This is the first time I have seen beautiful pictures. 2. Jack has stopped writing letters to Jill. A. Jack has no longer stopped writing letters to Jill. B. Jack used to write letters to Jill. C. Jack has never written letters to Jill. D. Jack stopped writing letters to Jill when Jill come. 3. Mary has been working in this company for five years. A. Mary began to work in this company for five years. B. Mary began working in this company for five years ago. C. Mary began to work in this company five years ago. D. Mary has begun to work in this company five years ago. 4. I have never eaten this kind of food before. A. I used to eat this kind of food before. B. Before I came here I had ever eaten this kind of food. C. This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food. D. This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten. 5. She last saw him years ago. A. She hasn’t seen him years ago B. She hasn’t seen him for years ago. C. She didn’t see him for years . D. It’s years since she last saw him. 6. It’s ages since I last saw a Hollywood film. A. It’s ages because I last saw a Hollywood film. B. I haven’t seen any Hollywood film before. C. I saw a last Hollywood film since ages ago. D. I haven’t seen a Hollywood film for a long time. 7. He hasn’t smoked a cigarette for a week. A. It is for a week that he hasn’t smoked a cigarette. B. It is a week since he last smoked a cigarette. C. It is a cigarette that he smoked a week ago. D. It is a week ago that he smoked a cigarette. 15 8. It started to rain at 2 o’clock and it is still raining. A. It has been raining at 2 o’clock. B. It has been raining since 2 o’clock. C. It has been raining for 2 o’clock. D. It has been raining in 2 o’clock. 9. They had finished their tea and then they left. A. They finished their tea after they had left. B. After they had left, they finished their tea. C. They had left before they finished their tea. D. After they had finished their tea, they left. 10. John began playing the piano 10 years ago. A. John played the piano 10 years ago. B. John has played the piano for 10 years. C. John used to play the piano 10 years ago. D. John doesn’t play the piano anymore. C. Subject and verb agreement: 1. Singular SUBJECT + singular VERB Plural SUBJECT + plural VERB  Notes: a. Singular noun:Laø danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc: butter, water, happiness, work, information.. Laø danh töø ñeám ñöôïc soá ít: book, student, chair, dog, cat… b. Plural noun: Laø danh töø ñeám döôïc soá nhieàu: books, students, chairs, dogs, cats …  Caùch thaønh laäp danh töø soá nhieàu: + Theâm s: boys, houses, mothers, pens… + Theâm es: dishes, churches, boxes, buses… + Ñoåi y thaønh i, theâm es: baby _ babies , party _ parties, fly _ flies… + Ñoåi f, fe thaønh ves: knife_ knives, wife _ wives, life _ lives… + Luoân ôû soá nhieàu: trousers, jeans, scissors, glasses… + Ñaëc bieät: man/ men, woman/ women, foot/ feet, child/ children, sheep/ sheep… 2. Other rules: Subject and verb agreement: SUBJECT VERB 1. every, each, either, neither… (of) + N 2. everything, nobody , someone, something, somebody… 3. money, time, distance( khoaûng caùch), subject, weight, disease,… 4. S1 and S2 ( 2 things/ people) 5. The + adj ( ex: the poor, the rich, the old, the young…) 6. police, people, cattle, children… 7. S1 + as well as/ along with/ accompanied with + S2 8. Neither, Either, Not only + S1 + nor, or, but also + S2 9. The number of + N 10. A number of + N 11. There +be + N 12. That clause, to verb, verb – ing 13. The + noun + preposition(of, in ,on…………) + noun phrase  Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. No news -------------- good news. A. is B. are C. were D. have been 2. Here -------------- some accounts that you must check. A. is B. are C. were D. was 3. A lot of homework -------------- me tired. A. make B. makes C. have made D. are making 4. Not only Mr. Pike but also his sons -------------- tea. A. likes B. like C. has liked D. liking 16 5. Mathematics -------------- us with many aspects. A. helps B. help C. have helped D. helping 6. The United States -------------- of about 160 nations. A. consists B. consist C. consisting 7. Coffee contains caffeine, and -------------A. tea does so B. so tea does C. so does tea 8. Both Tom -------------- Mary are students. A. and B. nor C. or D. with 9. Plenty of milk -------------- consumed everyday. A. are B. is C. was D. were 10. Neither you nor I -------------- responsible for the bad result. A. are B. is C. am D. be 11. Ten thousand dollars -------------- a large sum of money. A. are B. is C. were D. being 12. Each of us -------------- a book report next week. A. will have B. has C. is having D. have 13. I can not speak Spanish. – -------------A. So can I B. Neither can I C. Either can I 14. Both Jane and Mary, as well as John, -------------- ready for the exam. A. is B. was C. are 15. Working for 12 hours a day -------------- her very tired. A. make B. makes C. making 16. The number of the days in a week -------------- seven. A. is B. was C. are 17. Both Jane and Mary, as well as John, -------------- ready for the exam. A. is B. was C. are 18. What he told you -------------- to be of no importance. A. seems B. seem C. is seeming 19. The army -------------- eliminated this section of the training test. A. has B. have C. are 20. The quality of these recordings -------------- not very good. A. is B. are C. have D. have consisted D. does tea so D. Neither can’t I D. has been D. have made D. were D. has been D. has seemed D. is D. were D. Inversion: 1. Laø söï ñaûo ngöôïc vò trí giöõa trôï ñoäng töø vaø chuû töø trong caâu ADVERB + AUXILARY VERB + SUBJECT 2. Moät soá traïng töø vaø traïng ngöõ ñöôïc theo sau bôûi hình thöùc ñaûo ngöõ cuûa ñoäng töø: hardly, never, no sooner…than, not only, not till, not until, nowhere, only, rarely, seldom, scarcely………. Ex: My father never drinks coffee in the evening. à Never does my father drink coffee in the evening. She hardly complained about her job. à Hardly did she complain about her job. I have seldom seen such a remarkable creature. à Seldom have I seen such a remarkable creature.  Exercise: Rewrite these sentences: 1. He hardly studied anything when his parents were away. à Hardly .............................................................. 2. I will never see him again. à Never................................................................................................................ 3. He no longer lives in this town. à No longer.................................................................................................. 4. I have never heard such a lie in my life. à Never........................................................................................... 17 5. We had hardly started when it began to rain. à Hardly .................................................................................  Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. No longer -------------- this typewriter. I’ve just bought a computer. A. I use B. I do use C. do I use D. I using 2. -------------- out of the house than it began to rain. A. No sooner I got B. No sooner I had got C. No sooner had I got D. No had I got sooner 3. Did you think -------------- here before? A. she has come B. has she come C. she had come D. had she come 4. Tom was not only late, but he had left all his books behind. A. Not only Tom was late, but he had left all his books behind. B. Not only had Tom left all his books behind, but he was late. C. Not only was Tom late, but he had left all his books behind. D. Not was Tom only late, but he had left all his books behind. 5. Seldom -------------- exactly as illustrated. A. the designs are reproduced B. did the designs reported C. are the designs reproduced D. the designs did reported 6. He no longer plays in an orchestra. A. No longer does he plays in an orchestra. B. No longer does he play in an orchestra C. No longer does plays he in an orchestra. D. No longer he plays in an orchestra. 7. He would never be allowed to set foot in their house again. A. Would never he be allowed to set foot in their house again. B. Never again would he allowed to set foot in their house again. C. He would never again be allowed to set foot in their house. D. Never again would he be allowed to set foot in their house again. 8. Only when I got home --------------. A. did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. B. I realized how dangerous the situation had been. C. did I realized how dangerous the situation had been. D. I did realize how dangerous the situation had been. E. Tag question: ( Caâu Hoûi Ñuoâi ) 1. Caâu hoûi ñuoâi laø caâu hoûi ngaén ñöôïc theâm vaøo cuoái caâu traàn thuaät deå kieåm tra ñieàu gì ñoù coù ñuùng hay khoâng hoaëc ñeå yeâu caàu söï ñoàng yù: 2. Caâu khaúng ñònh à caâu hoûi ñuoâi phuû ñònh Ex: You live near here, don’t you? Caâu phuû ñònh à caâu hoûi ñuoâi khaúng ñònh Ex: You didn’t lock the door, did you?  Notes: I am late, aren’t I? Let’s go for a walk, shall we? You never say what you’re thinking, do you? Everything can happen, can’t it? Nobody would object, would they?  Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. She’s finished the course, --------------? A. isn’t she B. hasn’t she C. doesn’t she. D. didn’t she 2. Nobody was injured in the accident, --------------? A. was there B. was he C. were they D. wasn't it 18 3. Jogging is good for our hearts, --------------? A. aren’t we B. aren’t they C. doesn’t it 4. The film wasn’t as good as you expected, --------------? A. wasn’t it B. was it C. wasn’t the film 5. The building used to be a library, --------------? A. doesn’t it B. didn’t it C. isn’t it II. D. isn’t it D. was the film D. wasn’t it Passive: 1. Form: BE + Vpp ( ed/ 3 ) 2. The structures: Tenses 1. Simple present 2.Present continuous 3. Present perfect 4. Simple past 5. Past continuous 6. Past perfect 7. Simple future 8. Modal verbs 9. Ñoäng töø ñaëc bieät: Have / Get Active S + V(s/es) S + am/is/are +V-ing S + has/have + Vpp S + Ved/2 S + was/ were +V-ing S + had + Vpp S + will + V(bare) S + can/could/should/must/may + (bare) S + have + O (person) + V (bare) + O (thing) S + get + O ( person ) + to V + O ( thing ) S1 +V1 + that + S2 +V2 Passive 10. Caáu truùc ñaëc + bieät +  Notes: a. Caùc taân ngöõ : by him, by her,by someone, by them… trong caâu bò ñoäng thöôøng ñöôïc löôïc boû. b. Traïng töø chæ nôi choán ñöùng tröôùc by+ O. Traïng töø chæ thôøi gian ñöùng sau by + O  Exercise: Rewrite these sentences in the pasive form: 1. People speak English here. à .......................................................................................................................... 2. Nguyen Du wrote Kieu’s story. à ................................................................................................................... 3. Someone was cleaning the classroom when I came. à ................................................................................... 4. She will send him a gift on his birthday. à ..................................................................................................... 5. People believe that 13 is an unhappy number. à ............................................................................................. 6. This factory is producing more and more pollution. à .................................................................................... 7. No one has signed the cheque. à ..................................................................................................................... 8. The manager had his secretary prepare the report. à ...................................................................................... 9. I am going to get Harry to repair my car. à .................................................................................................... 10. They used to make little boys climb the chimneys to clean them. à ..............................................................  Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. This word -------------- wrongly. A. spells B. is spelt C. is spelling D. is spell 2. The story I’ve just read -------------- Jack London. A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by 3. I’m going to go out and -------------- . A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. my hair be cut D. cut my hair 19 4. The man died because medical help was not summoned. A doctor should --------------. A. be have called B. been called C. have been called D. be called 5. Something funny -------------- in class yesterday. A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened 6. We -------------- by a loud noise during the night. A. were woken up B. are woken up C. were working up D. woke up 7. Some film stars -------------- difficult to work with. A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be 8. People say that some Americans are superficially friendly. A. Some Americans are said as being superficially friendly. B. Some Americans are said that they are superficially friendly. C. People are said that some Americans are superficially friendly. D. Some Americans are said to be superficially friendly. 9. I still can believe it. My bicycle -------------- last night. A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D . stole 10. John -------------- last week. A. had his house painted B. had painted his house C. had his father to paint D. had his house paint 11. It is believed that he is the richest man in the city. A. He was believed to be the richest man in the city B. He is believed to be the richest man in the city C. They believe that he is the richest man in the city. D. B and C are correct 12. I can’t go along here because the road --------------. A. is preparing B. is prepared C. is being repaired D. repairs 13. “ -------------- about the eight o’clock flight to Chicago?” - “Not yet” A. Has been an announcement made B. Has an announcement made C. Has an announcement been made D. Has been made an announcement 14. Do you get your heating -------------- every year? A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked 15. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? I don’t enjoy -------------- at. A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed 16. Claude Jennings is said -------------- his memory. A. to have been lost B. to be lost C. to have lost D. to lost 17. I might watch this programme. It -------------- very funny. A. supposes to be B. is supposed being C. is supposed to be D. was supposed be 18. Today, many serious childhood diseases -------------- by early immunization. A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented III. Clauses and phrases: 1. Khi bieán ñoåi töø meänh ñeà sang cuïm danh töø thöôøng gaëp caùc tröôøng hôïp sau:  Noun + be + adj è The/ (her, his, their ….. ) + Adj + noun  Pronoun + be +Adj è The/ (her, his, their ….. ) + Noun ( of the adj )  Pronoun + Verb + (adv) è The/ (her, his, their ….. ) + Adj (of the adv) + Noun ( of the verb)  Pronoun +Verb + (O) è V-ing ( same Subject)  There be + Noun è The + Noun A. Clauses and phrases of reason: Because/ Since/As + Clause ( S+V ) Because of/ Due to/ Thanks to + Phrase ( N phrase/ V-ing phrase ) B. Clauses and phrases of concession: 20