Tài liệu Công nghệ môi trường tập 1 xử lí nước

;'8 37 4 ,(,... ... ,... TRUONG BAI Hoe KIEN TRue HA NOI PGS. TS. HOANG VAN HU~ (Chu bien) ~ ~ CONGNGHE •• MOl TRU'O'NG TAp 1 - xli' LY NU'Ii'C • .-- ... ...- ... _ .. ' THtlV$N TRUONGBHSb(J' GT 019<18114 \ NHA XUAT BAN xAv HA NQI- 2004 Dl)'NG LiHNOIDAU l Cai thien di€u ki¢n s{j'ng, sinh hoat cua con nguiJi va bdo v¢ moi truimg la nhitng van d€ buc xuc hien. nay d nude ta nhdt la trong giai doati thuc day cong nghi¢p hoa va hien dai hoa dat nude. Trong nhitng niim gdn day tai nhieu. truimg dai hQCc!ii dua uao chuang trinh gidng dt;tycdc mon h9C v€ quy hoach. khong gian, ki thud: ha tdng, moi truang va phat triin bin vitng nluim cung cap cho sinh uien.nhitng kien thuc co ban nhfit v€ bdo v¢ moi tndmg cdc do thi va khu cong nghiep. Mon hQCCong ngh~ truii truimg ding c!ii dlifJcchinh thuc dua uao chuang trinh dao tao coo nganh. ki thiuit kg, tdng va moi truang do thi tai Truang Dai h9Csu« true Ha NQi. Di dap Ztng cho yeu cdu v€ tai li¢u gidng dg,y cua cac thay co gido va tai lieu hoc ttip cua sinh uien, cluing tOi bien soan. cudn. gido trinh "Cong ngh¢ moi truang'' vdi n9i dung gom 4 ph/in. chinh: Xii li nude; Quan li chat thai riin do thi va cong nghiep; Xii li khoi bui va xii li tieng an do thi. Giao trinh duac chia lam 3 ttip: Tg,p I: Xii li nude; Tg,p II: Quan li chat thai riin; Tg,p III: sa li hhoi bui va tieng on. Tai lieu. duC/cpluin cong bien soan. nhu sau: - Chu bien: PGS, TS. Hoang Van Hue. - Tham gia bien soan: Tgp I: PGS, TS. Hoang Van Hu¢. Tgp II: PGS, TS. Trdn Thi Huang Tgp III: PGS, TS. Hoang Van HU¢;KS. Nguyin Trong Phuong; TS. Nguyen. Van Muon. Chung tOi xin cluin. thanli cdm an cdc ban. dang nghiep va cdc chuyen. gia da dong gop nhieu. y kien quy btiu trong qua trinh bien soan. cuon sdch, Cac tac gia cling nluin. duC/cslj giup da to loti cua can bQ, chuyen gia thuQc Nha xuti: ban Xay dung, dij,c biet la cua Truimg Dai h9CKien true Ha NQi va BQXay dung, xin bay to long earn an cluui thanh. trong vi¢c hoan thanh. cuon sdcli nay. Cuon sach. co thi con nhitng sai sot va nhuoc diim, rat mong duC/c cdc ban. d9C gop y phe binh. Y kien phe binh xin gi'ti v€ theo dia chi: Khoa Ki thiuit. ha tdng va moi truimg do thi - Truimg Dai h9C Kitn true Ha NQi, km 9 - duimg Nguyin Trai. Cac tac ghi 3 TAl LIEU THAM KHAo • 1. B(>Khoa hoc Cong nghe va M6i tnrong. Cdc tieu chudn Nha nuac Vi~t Nam ve' moi truang. T(Lp 1: Chat luang nuac. Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, Ha N(>i, 1995. 2. B(>Xay dung. 20TCN 51-84: Thodt nuac - Mang IUlYiben ngoai va cong trinh Tieu chudn thief ke: Nha xuat ban Xay dung, Ha Noi, 1989. 3. TCVN 5576-91: H~ thong cdp thodt nuac - Quy pham qudn li ky thudt. Ha Noi, 1992. 4. B(> Xay dung. Quy chudn h~ thong cdp thodt nuoc trong nha va cong trinh. Nha xuat ban Xay dung, Ha N(>i,2000. 5. Chien luac QuaL'gia baa v~ thien nhien va phdt tritn ben viing, ndm 1985. 6. Chien luac Qudc gia ve' cap nuac, thodt nude, qudn Ii chat thai ran do thi; chien luac phdt tritn do thi. B(>Xay dung, 1995. 7. Cong ngh~ xay dung cong trinh ngdm (Thief bi cita hdng DiTCH WiTCH-USA). Trung tam Cong nghe Xay dung ngam BCM - Viet Nam. T. Cong trinh lam sach nuac thai loai nho. Nha xuat ban Xay dung, Ha Noi, 1995. (Ban dich tit tieng Nga cua TS. VO Kim Long). 8. Dinh huang phat tritn thodt nuac do thi den ndm 2020. Ha Noi, thang 11/1998. 9. Hoang Hue. Thodt nude tdp 1, 11, 111.Giao trinh Dai hoc Kien tnic, 1977. 10. Hoang Hue. Cap thodt nuac. Nha xuat ban Xay dung, Ha Noi, 1994. 11. Hoang Hu¢. AU-Ii nude thai. Nha xuat ban Xay dung, Ha N(>i, 1996. 12. Tran Van Nhan va Ng6 Thi Nga. Cong nghe xi( Ii nuoc thai. Nha xuat ban Khoa hQC va Ky thuat, Ha N(>i, 1999. 13. Tran Hieu Nhue. AU-Ii nuac thai bang phuong phdp sinh /UlC.Giao trinh Truong Dai hoc Xay dung, 1990. 14. Trinh Xuan Lai. Tinli toan thief kl cdc cong trinh. xi( Ii nuac thai. Nha xuat ban Xay dung, Ha N(>i,2000. 15. Uy ban Nha mroc Lien X6 v~ xay dung. Thodt nuac - H~ thong thodt nuac hen ngoai va cong trinh (Quy pham CHHfl 2.04.03-85C) Matxcova, 1986 (tieng Nga). 16. Kedrov B.c. Palgunov D.P., Xomov M.A. H~ thong cap nuoc. Nha xuat ban Xay dung Matxcova, 1994. 17. Giukov A.I., Karelin IA.A., Kolobanov X.K., Iakovlev X.V. Thoat nuoc. Nha xuat ban Xay dung Matxcova, 1975. 18. lakovlev. S.V, Kalysin B.I. Phuong phap COh9C lam sacn nuac thai. 315 19. Siphorin X.M. Thodt nude. Nha xuat ban Dai h9C, Matxcova, 1970 (tieng Nga). 20. Sinhep O.P. Tdng cuang xU li sinh h9C nuac thai. Nha xuat ban ky thuat, Kiep, 1983 (tieng Nga). 21. Jacovlev X.V. Karelin J.A. va cac ngiroi khac. Thodt nuac. Nha xuat ban Xay dung, Matxcova, 1975 (tieng Nga). 22. Jukov A.I. Thoat mroc. Matxcova, 1975. 23. Decentralised Wastewater BORDA, Bremen, 1998. Treatment In Developing Countries (DEWATS). of Industrial Wastewater. 24. Degremont. Water Treatment Handbook. Paris, 1979. 25. Eckenfelder W.W. Activated Sludge Eckenfelder Inc., Tennessee, 1975. Treatment 26. Environmental Protection System.focused on waste water. EBARA HATAKEYTA Memorial Fund, EBARA CORPORATION TOKYO JAPAN. HQi thao chuyen h, thong bao v¢ moi tnrong, van mroc thai 31/10 - 2/11/1995 tai Ha NQi. de de 27. Ernest W.S. Water Supply and Sewerage. Fourth edition, International Edition, Mc Graw Hill Book Company" lNG, 1960. Student 28. Mara D.D. Sewage Treatment in Hot climate. ELBS, 1975. 29. Mark. J. Hammer. Water and Wastewater Technology. Prentice Hall International, Inc., 1996. 30. Me1calf and Eddy Inc. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1991. 31. Terence J McGhee. Water Supply and Sewerage, 6th Edition, International Editions, Civil Engineering Series, 1991. 32. Radionov A.I, Klusin V.N, Torotresnhicov Protection, Pub. "Chemistry", 1989. McGraw-Hill N'X: Technology of .Environment 33. Robert A.Corbitt. Standard Handbook of Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1990. 34. Ronal L. Droste. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, 1997. 35. Syed R. Qasim. Wastewater Treatment Plants. Technics Publishing Co. Inc .. 1999. 36. The Handbook on Water Treatment. Kemira Kemi AB, Helsing borg, 1998. 37. US EPA. Design Manual: On-site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems. EPA 625/1-80-012, Office of water program operation. Washinton D.C., 1980. 38. US EPA. Manual: Wastewater Treatment/Disposal Washinton D.C., 1980. for Small Communities. 39. US EPA. Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plant. EPA Office of water program operation. Washinton D. c., 1980. 40. Veestra ir. S. Wastewater Treatment. ZHE-DELF, 1995. 316 Ml)C Ll)C Trang Ph an I XU'LI Chuang 1. Nguon mroc, yeu cau xuoc ve chat CAP luong mroc, bien phap xu Ii 1.1. Nguon mroc 5 1.2. Cac thong s6 danh gia chat IUQ'Ilgmroc 8 1.3. Tieu chuan chat IUQ'Ilgmroc cap 12 1.4. Cac phirong phap va day chuyen cong nghe XU Ii 16 Chuang 2. Qua trlnh keo tu 2.1. Khai niem 19 2.2. Cac phirong phap keo tu 20 2.3. Cac giai doan, cac thiet bi va cong trinh thirc hien qua trinh keo tu 21 Chuang 3. Qua trinh lang va tuyen n6i 3.1. Co sa li thuyet 3.2. M¢t s6 3.3. Co cua qua trinh lang be lang sa If thuyet 36 39 cua qua trinh tuyen n6i 46 Chuang 4. Qua trinh IQC mroc 4.1. Qua trinh IQc cham 51 4.2. Qua trinh IQCnhanh 52 Chuang 5. Khir trimg mroc 5.1. Khir trung mroc 59 5.2. Khir trimg mroc bang cIo 60 5.3. Khir trung nuoc bang ozon 69 5.4. Khir trung mroc bang cac bien phap v*t lf khac 70 317 Chuang 6. Lam mem mroc 6.1. Khai niem chung 72 6.2. Lam mern mroc bang phirong phap hoa hoc 73 6.3. Lam mem ruroc bang phuong phap nhiet 77 Chuang 7. Khii sat va mangan 7.1. Cac phuong phap khir sat 79 7.2. Cac phirong phap khir mangan 86 Chuang 8. Cac phuong 8.1. Khir mui va phap xu Ii dac biet khac V! trong ruroc 87 8.2. Khir khi oxy hoa tan 8.3. Khir man 88 va khir mu6i trong mroc 91 8.4. Trao d6i flo trong mroc 93 8.5. Khir axit silic 94 Phan 2 XU'LI NlfOC THAI A. NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE XULf Nudc THAI Chuang 9. Nguon g6c va nhung dac diem ve thanh phan tinh chat cua mroc thai 9.1. Ngu6n g6e va hru hrong ruroc thai 95 9.2. Thanh phan tinh chat mroc thai do thi va cac dang chat ban 98 Chuang 10. Bao ve nguon mroc kho! bl nhiern bftn bOi mroc thai 10.1. Dau hieu ngu6n ruroc bi nhiem b~n 10.2. Cac loai tieu chuan M quan 11moi tnrong mroc 108 111 10.3. Kiem soar 0 nhiern moi tnrong rnroc 114 10.4. Kha nang nr lam sach cua ngu6n mroc 115 10.5. Nguyen tac xa mroc thai vao ngu6n mroc tiep nhan 121 10.6. Xac dinh mire do xir II mroc thai 126 Chuang 11. So do cong nghe xii Ii mroc thai 11.1. Cac phuong phap 318 XU 19 133 11.2. Cac cong doan xir If mroc thai 136 11.3. Sa d6 cong nghe xir II mroc thai 138 B. cAc QuA TRiNH v A. CONG TRiNH xu LI NOOC THAI Chuong 12. Cac cong trlnh xir li mroc thai bang phuong phap CO' hoc 12.1. Song chan rac va hroi 19C rac 141 Be lang cat 12.3. Be tach dau md 146 12.2. 155 12.4. B~ dieu hoa hru hrong va chat hrong 156 12.5. B~ lang 157 Chuong 13. Xii Ii mroc thai bang phtrong phap sinh hoc trong dieu kien nhan tao qua trinh bun hoat tinh vm 13.1. CO' sa If thuyet cua qua trinh 176 13.2. Xir If hieu khf voi giai phap vi khuan M aeroten 13.3. Xir li ky khi voi giai phap vi khuan a trang thai 10'lirng trong 186 a trang thai 10'lirng qua lap can 10'lirng trong b~ UASB (Uflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) 240 Chuong 14. Xii Ii nuoc thai bang phuong phap sinh hoc trong dieu kien nhan tao qua trinh mang sinh hoc vm 14.1. SI! sinh tnrong dinh barn bang mang sinh h9C 14.2. Xir li hieu khi voi giai phap vi khuan a 243 trang thai gia th~ co dinh tren b~ biophin 244 14.3. Xir li ky khi voi giai phap vi khuan qua lap vat lieu 19C n6i . Chuong 15. B~lang dot II 15.1. a trang thai gia th~ co dinh 267 va b~ nen bun Be lang dot II 268 15.2. B~ nen bun 274 Chuong 16. Xii li mroc thai bang phuong phap sinh hoc trong dieu kien nr nhien 16.1. Xii 16.2. u hieu 281 khi xe u ky khi 16.3. Sii dung mroc thai va bun can trong mroc thai 289 293 Chirong 17. Khir nito, phot pho trong mroc thai 17.1. Khir nito trong ruroc thai 299 17.2. Khir phot pho trong mroc thai 307 Ph1,l11,lC 312 Tal lieu tham khao 315 319 CONG NGHE MOl TRUONG ? A / / TAP . 1- XtrLY NUOC Chiu tracb nhiem xudt bdn: Bin Hill HANH Bien tdp: TRJNH THJ KIM NGA.N Chebdn: PHAM HONG LE Sua bdn in: NGUYEN MINH HANG Trinh bay bia: H.S. NGUYEN Hill TUNG In 1000 cu6n kh6 19 x 27cm, tai Xuong in Nha xuat ban Xay dungGiay chap nhan dang ky ke hoach xuar ban s6 66XB/QLXB-37 ngay 17/01/2003. In xong nop hm chieu thang 01/2004.