Tài liệu Chuyên đề môn Tiếng Anh MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ VÀ CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM

SỞ GIÁO DỤC & ĐÀO TẠO VĨNH PHÚC TRƯỜNG THPT VĨNH TƯỜNG CHUYÊN ĐỀ MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ VÀ CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM Môn : Tiếng Anh Đối tượng bồi dưỡng: Học sinh lớp 12 Dự kiến số tiết bồi dưỡng:9 tiết. Tác giả: Đặng Hà Thu Chức vụ: Giáo viên Tiếng Anh Năm học: 2013 - 2014 1 A. PHẦN MỞ ĐẦU I. Lý do chọn đề tài Năm học 2013-2014 là năm tiếp tục thực hiện hình thức thi trắc nghiệm đối với môn tiếng Anh ở các kì thi tốt nghiệp THPT, thi ĐH, CĐ của bộ GD & ĐT. Trong chương trình tiếng Anh THPT hiện nay, mệnh đề quan hệ là một phần kiến thức hết sức quan trọng, có trong các kì thi tốt nghiệp và thi ĐH,CĐ. Muốn làm tốt được các bài tập trắc nghiệm về mệnh đề quan hệ thì học sinh cần phải nắm được các vấn đề cơ bản liên quan đến đại từ quan hệ ,mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng Anh, chuyển từ hình thức làm các bài tập tự luận sang bài tập trắc nghiệm. Vì vậy tôi chọn chuyên đề “ Mệnh đề quan hệ và các dạng bài tập trắc nghiệm” làm vấn đề nghiên trong báo cáo của mình. II. Mục đích. Khi viết báo cáo chuyên đề này, tôi chỉ mong được góp thêm một vài ý kiến của mình về các vấn đề liên quan đến mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng Anh giúp giáo viên có thể tham khảo thêm trong việc ôn tập cho học sinh chuẩn bị cho các kỳ thi sắp tới. III. Đối tượng nghiên cứu. Trong chương trình tiếng Anh THPT hiện nay, mệnh đề quan hệ được đưa vào giảng dạy từ khối 10 . Trong đề tài của mình, tôi chỉ tập trung vào một số vấn đề lý thuyết và bài tập của mệnh đề quan hệ như cấu trúc, cách sử dụng, một số dạng đặc biệt của mệnh đề quan hệ trong Tiếng anh… và một số dạng bài tập viết, bài tập trắc nghiệm tương ứng để củng cố cho phần kiến thức ở trên , nhằm giúp học sinh hiểu và nắm được những kiến thức cơ bản và nâng cao của mệnh đề quan hệ trong Tiếng anh để các em có thể làm tốt các dạng bài tập trắc nghiệm về mệnh đề quan hệ trong Tiếng anh. Đối tượng bồi dưỡng chuyên đề này là học sinh khối 12 chuẩn bị thi Đại học và Cao đẳng. Số tiết dự kiến bồi dưỡng đề tài này là 9 tiết. IV. Phạm vi nghiên cứu. Chương trình Tiếng anh THPT năm học 2013-2014 Các loại đề thi TN THPT và ĐHCĐ của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo các năm từ 2008 đến 2013 V.Cơ sở nghiên cứu. Tôi nghiên cứu đề tài này dựa trên những cơ sở sau - Dựa vào thực tế giảng dạy. - Dựa vào một số tài liệu tham khảo về mệnh đề quan hệ. - Dựa và một số ý kiến của đồng nghiệp. 2 B. PHẦN NỘI DUNG PART 1: RELATIVE PRONOUNS & RELATIVE ADVERBS I. Relative pronouns: WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH/ THAT/ WHOM Relative pronouns Who Examples 1. He is the actor. He was awarded the Oscar.  He is the actor who was awarded the Oscar. 2. The little girl ate sweets all day. She sat beside me on the train.  The little girl who sat beside me on the train ate sweets all day. Uses Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ người để làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó. 3. That’s the man. We met him yesterday.  That’s the man who we met yesterday. 4. The person wasn’t Michael. You met him.  The person who you met wasn’t Michael. Whom Which 5. That’s the man whom we met yesterday. 6. The person whom you met wasn’t Michael. 7. I bought a camera. It doesn’t work properly.  The camera which I bought doesn’t work properly. 8. We were in the team. The team won the cup.  We were in the team which won the cup. 9. Here’s the dog. I found it in the street.  Here’s the dog which I found in the street. 10. The castle was interesting. We visited that castle.  The castle which we visited was interesting. That 11. He is the actor that was awarded the Oscar. 12. The person that you met wasn’t Michael. 13. We were in the team that won the cup. 14. The castle that we visited was interesting. Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người làm tân ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ người để làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó. - Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó. - Theo sau which có thể là một động từ hoặc một chủ ngữ. Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật, có thể được dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which trong mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restricted Clause (Mệnh đề xác định) 3 Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, thay cho tính từ sở hữu. Whose cũng được dùng cho of which. Whose 15. That’s Mrs. Brown. His wife died last month.  That’s Mrs. Brown, whose wife died last month. 16. Is he the boy? His bag was stolen.  Is he the boy whose bag was stolen? 17. There’s the camera. Its lens is broken.  There’s the camera whose lens is broken. (= ________ ________ 4 ________ ________ ________ ____) 18. Draw a circle. Its radius is 1 inch.  Draw a circle whose radius is 1 inch. (= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ____) II. Relative adverbs: WHERE/ WHEN/ WHY Relative adverbs Examples Uses 1. Do you remember the day? We moved the piano on that day.  Do you remember the day when we moved the piano? When (= ____________________________________________) 2. The year was 2001. We left in that year.  The year when we left was 2001. - Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ chỉ thời gian, dùng thay cho at, on, in + which, then (= ____________________________________________) 3. That’s the centre. The conference is being held there.  That’s the centre where the conference is being held. (= ____________________________________________) - Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi 5 Where 4. The house belongs to my uncle. We had the party at that house.  The house where we had the party belongs to my uncle. trốn, thay cho a, on, in + which; there) (= ____________________________________________) 5. His laziness was the reason. He was dismissed because of this reason.  His laziness was the reason why he was dismissed. Why (= ____________________________________________) 6. We chose this flat because of its location.  Its location is the reason why we choose this flat. - Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, đứng sau tiền ngữ “the reason”, dùng thay cho “for the reason” (= ____________________________________________) *** Note: a. I’ll never forget the day that the earthquake happened. b. Have you got a place that I can store my schoolbooks? c. That’s the reason that he lied to you. d. That’s the place in that I was born. X e. This is Paul, that you spoke to last week. X PRACTICE I. Complete the personal ads by circling the correct relative pronouns Best Friends – I’m a 28-year-old (1. who/ which) enjoys reading, baseball, movies, and long walks in the country. You’re a 20- to 30-year-old woman (2. who/ whose) interests are compatible with mine and (3. who/ whose) believes that friendship is the basis of a good marriage. Star Struck – You remind me of Kevin Costner, (4. who/ that) is my favourite actor. I remind you of a movie (5. who/ that) is fun and full of surprises. Won’t you be my leading man as we dance across the screen of life? Where Are You? – 35-year-old, career-oriented female (6. who/ which) relaxes at the gym and (7. who/ whose) personality varies from philosophical to funny, seeks male counterpart. Forever – Are you looking for a friendship (8. who/ which) will stand the test of time? Call this 28year-old male (9. who/ which) believes in forever. Soulmates? – The things (10. that/ who) make me happy are chocolate cake, travel, animals, music, and you, (11. whose/ who) ideas of a good time are similar to mine. Enough Said – I want to meet a guy (12. who/ whose) is smart enough to read, active enough to run for a bus (13. that/ who) just left the stop, silly enough to appreciate David Letterman, and mature 6 enough to want a commitment. I’m a 25-year-old female (14. who/ which) finds meaning in building a relationship and family. II. Choose the correct relative adverb. 1. This is the station where/when/why Emily met James. 2. July and August are the months where/when/why most people go on holiday. 3. Do you know the reason where/when/why so many people in the world learn English? 4. This is the church where/when/why Sue and Peter got married. 5. Edinburgh is the town where/when/why Alexander Graham Bell was born. 6. 25 December is the day where/when/why children in Great Britain get their Christmas presents. 7. A famine was the reason where/when/why so many Irish people emigrated to the USA in the 19th century. 8. A greengrocer's is a shop where/when/why you can buy vegetables. 9. The day where/when/why I arrived was very nice. 10. A horror film was the reason where/when/why I couldn't sleep last night. III. Look at the pictures and use prompts to write sentences 1. A. tree/ tall/ have/ leaves The tree which is tall doesn’t have any leaves. B. trees/ have/ leaves/ be/ short ______________________________________ 2. A. bottle/ big/ full ______________________________________ B. bottles/ small/ empty ______________________________________ 3. A. girl/ has/ short hair/ be called/ Melissa ______________________________________ B. girls/ hair/ be/ long/ be called/ Lucy, Tina and Debbie. ______________________________________ 4. A. boy/ hold/ black basketball/ wear/ school uniform ______________________________________ B. boys/ basketballs/ white/ wear/ tracksuits. ______________________________________ IV. What are the ingredients of a happy marriage? Read the results of a study and complete the sentences with appropriate relative pronouns and the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. Ability to Change and Accept Change Successful couples are those a. who b. are (be) able to adapt to changes c. _________________ d. _________________ (occur) within the marriage or in the other partner. People e. _________________ f. _________________ (stay) happily married see themselves “as free agents g. _________________ h. _________________ (make) choices in life. 7 2. Ability to Live with the Unchangeable They can live with situations a. _________________ b. _________________ (not change). They accept the knowledge that there are some conflicts c. _________________ d. _________________ (remain) unsolvable. This attitude relates to life in general. According to the study, “People e. _________________ marriages f. _________________ (end) because of a crisis, such as an illness or a financial disaster, often are people g. _________________ cannot live with the realities of their existence.” Their only answer is to end the relationship. 3. Assumption of “Forever” Most newlyweds believe their marriage is “forever.” This is an important belief a. _________________ b. _________________ (help) the relationship survive problems. 4. Trust In marriage, trust allows for the sense of security a. _________________ b. _________________ (make) long and satisfying relationships possible. It is the glue c. _________________ d. _________________ (hold) the marriage together. 5. Enjoying Each Other’s Company According to the study, “Although they may spend evenings quietly together in a room, the silence a._________________ b. _________________ (surround) them is the comfortable silence of two people c. _________________ d. _________________ (know) they do not have to talk to feel close.” They can simply enjoy being together. 6. Shared History A marriage is a relationship a. _________________ b. _________________ (have) a reality and history of its own. People in good marriages value their shared history and gain strength from it. They keep it alive with family stories and photos. 7. Luck What role does luck play? You need luck in choosing a partner a. _________________ b. _________________ (have) the ability to change and trust and love. You need luck, too, in the type of family you come from. Research suggests that families c. _________________ members d. _________________ (be) warm and supportive provide good preparation for future relationships. You also need luck with life itself. This is often a question of attitude. According to the study, “Couples e. _________________ f. _________________ (consider) themselves lucky are the ones g. _________________ h. _________________ (seize) luck where they are able to.” They don’t wait for luck to come to them. V. Combine the information to make news items. Make the sentence in brackets into a relative clause. (0) A man has gone to prison. (He shot two policemen.)  The man who shot two policemen has gone to prison. 1. A bomb caused a lot of damage. (It went off this morning.)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 2. A scientist has won the Nobel Prize. (He discovered a new planet.)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 3. A footballer has been banned from playing again. (He took drugs.)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 4. A little girl has been found safe and well. (She had been missing since Tuesday.)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 5. A company has laid off thousands of workers. (It owns Greenway Supermarkets.)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 6. An old lady now wants to swim the English Channel. (She did a parachute jump.)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 7. The family moved here from Ireland. (They live next door.) 8  ________________________________________________________________________________. 8. The woman is coming back to work soon. (I’m doing her job.)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 9. This is the job. (I’ve always wanted it.)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 10. It was during my first year of university. (I first met Bernard then.)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 11. The hotel is the most expensive in the area. (It overlooks the sea.)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 12. That’s the house. (We lived there when we were university students.)  ________________________________________________________________________________. PART 2: DEFINING vs. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Defining Relative Clauses Non – defining Relative Clauses 1a. The person who is wearing the blue shirt started Microsoft. 1b. That man over there, who is called Bill Gates, started Microsoft. 2a. My brother who is studying medicine will be 24 next year. 2b. My brother, who is studying medicine, will be 24 next year. PRACTICE I. Circle the correct word 1. The minister, which/ who was appointed just last week, made no comment on the situation. 2. Isn’t that the spot which/ where the accident happened last night? 3. The human brain, which/ who weighs about 1400 grams, is ten times the size of a baboon’s. 4. There are several reasons which/ why I don’t want to see Michael tonight. 5. This is the office which/ where I work. 6. The new girl in our class, who’s/ whose name is Alexandra, seems really nice. 7. The Titanic, which/ that people said was unsinkable, sank on her maiden voyage. 8. All the people to who/ whom the e-mail was sent replied. 9. April 1st, which/ when we play tricks on people, is known as April Fool’s Day. 10. Harry Hill, who/ whose new series starts next week, is one of my favourite comedians. 11. A very popular breed of dog is the German Shepherd, which/ who is often used as a guard dog. 12. Blackpool Tower, which/ that was modelled on the Eiffel Tower, is a very well-known landmark. II. If a word in bold is correct, put a tick (). If it is incorrect, rewrite it correctly. 1. November 5th was the day which Guy Fawkers tried to blow up Parliament. ___________________ 2. There were none of my favourite biscuits left when I had a cup of tea, that was really annoying. ___________________ 9 3. I’ve just got a new webcam that takes really clear pictures. ___________________ 4. The Godfather was made by Francis Ford Copolla, who’s daughter is also a film director. ___________________ 5. Can you think of any reason which Cathy should be angry with me? ___________________ 6. Here’s a photo of the hotel where we stayed in when we were Beijing. ___________________ 7. How do you think the first man whom walked on the moon felt? ___________________ 8. This is the first occasion on which the leaders of these two countries have met. ___________________ 9. He is a person for who very few people feel much sympathy. ___________________ 10. The moment which the hero suddenly appears from behind a tree is the best moment in the whole film. ___________________ 11. I met a man which had a dog with only three legs. ___________________ 12. My new school, who I moved to about a month ago, seem like quite a friendly place. ___________________ III. Complete this advertisement. Put in an appropriate relative pronoun/ adverb A. The town of Keswick, (0) which lies at the heart of the Lake District, is the perfect place for a holiday, and the Derwent Hotel, (1) __________ overlooks the town, is the perfect place to stay. Robin and Wendy Jackson, (2) __________ bought this small hotel three years ago, have already won an excellent reputation. Robin, (3) __________ cooking is one of the reasons (4) __________ the Derwent is so popular, was once Young Chef of the Year. The comfort of the guests, (5) __________ the owners treat almost as members of the family, always comes first. Peter Ustinov, (6) __________ has so once stayed at the hotel, described it as ‘marvellous’. And the Lake District, (7) __________ has so much wonderful scenery and (8) __________ the poet Wordsworth lived, will not disappoint you. B. Lacrosse, which was invented by the Native North Americans, is widely considered to be the first real American sport. However, the game has changed drastically since the fifteenth century, (1) ________________ it was first played. In early versions of the game, each team could have 100 to 1000 players, (2) ________________ played on an enormous field. Players threw ball, (3) ________________ could be made from deerskin, clay, stone or wood, at a tree or rock to gain points. Lacrosse games, (4) ________________ could last for days, were used to settle arguments between tribes and to prepare young men for war. Players sometimes killed or injured members of the other team, (5) ________________ they would attack in order to score a goal more easily. In the nineteenth century, (6) ________________ lacrosse had become less violent, French Canadians started to play the game. Today lacrosse is the fastest growing sport on the United States and is popular throughout Canada, (7) ________________ it is the official summer sport. Balls are now made of rubber and there are ten players in a team, not hundreds. But lacrosse is still dangerous and players have to wear special protective clothing. IV. Match the parts and write sentences with an adding clause. Use who or which. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 10 The Grand Canyon Nelson Mandela John Lennon The Titanic Queen Victoria Mars The Berlin Wall He was in prison for 27 years. He was killed in 1980. It is 140 million miles away. It is over 200 miles long. It sank in 1912. It was built in 1961. She came to the throne in 1837. He was one of the Beatles. He became President of South Africa. It is one of the wonders of the world. It is known as the red planet. It stood for 28 years. It was supposed to be unsinkable. She ruled over the British Empire. 0. The Grand Canyon, which is over 200 miles long, is one of the wonders of the world. 1. ________________________________________________________________________________. 2. ________________________________________________________________________________. 3. ________________________________________________________________________________. 4. ________________________________________________________________________________. 5. ________________________________________________________________________________. 6. ________________________________________________________________________________. V. Put in the relative clauses. Sometimes there is one than one possible answer. 0. Someone knows all about it – the secretary.  The person who knows all about it is the secretary. 1. Zedco has 10,000 employees. It’s an international company.  Zedco, ____________________________________________, is an international company. 2. Vicky’s name was missed off the list, so she wasn’t very pleased.  Vicky, ____________________________________________, wasn’t very pleased. 3. Laura painted a picture, and it’s being shown in an exhibition.  The picture ____________________________________________ is being shown n an exhibition. 4. We’re all looking forward to a concert. It’s next Saturday.  The concert ____________________________________________ is next Saturday. 5. One week Mike an Harriet went camping. It was the wettest of the year.  The week ____________________________________________ was the wettest of the year. 6. Aunt Joan is a bit deaf, so she didn’t hear the phone.  Aunt Joan, ____________________________________________, didn’t hear the phone. 7. You’ll meet Henry tomorrow. He’s also a member of the board.  Henry, ____________________________________________, is also a member of the board. 8. I’ll see you near the post office. We met there the other day.  I’ll see you near the post office, ____________________________________________. VI. Rewrite as one sentence using a relative clause. 1. My friend, Simon, plays the guitar. He has just released a CD.  My friend, Simon, who has just released a CD, plays the guitar. 2. Prince Charles is heir to the throne of England. His wife was Princess Diana.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Microsoft has a lot of power in the world of computers. That annoys some people.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 4. The euro replaced a number of national currencies. It was introduced in January 2002.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 5. Friends ran for ten years. It is one of my favourite series.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 6. Venus is a very hot place. It is much closer to the Sun than the Earth is.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 7. Cricket is popular in many countries around the world. It is played between two teams of eleven.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 8. Parts of Buckingham Palace are open to the public. It is where the queen lives.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 11 9. The Greyhound is the fastest dog. It can reach speeds of over 65 kilomettres an hour.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 10. 1984 was written by George Orwell. His real name was Eric Blair.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 11. Pablo Picasso suffered from dyslexia. His paintings are some of the most famous in the world. (whose)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 12. William Shakespeare is considered to be one of the greatest playwrights of all time. He wrote about thirty-seven plays. (who)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 13. Muhammed Ali won the world heavyweight boxing title in 1964. He defeated Sonny Liston that year. (when)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 14. In the 1980s Brad Pitt moved to Los Angeles. He took acting classes and worked as a chauffeur there. (where)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 15. Cleopatra is one of the most famous rulers in history. She married two of her brothers. (who)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 16. Bill Clinton was the forty-second President of the United States. His father died three months before he was born. (whose)  ________________________________________________________________________________. 17. Although he was born in Bonn, Ludwig van Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792. He soon established a reputation there as a piano virtuoso. (where)  ________________________________________________________________________________. PART 3: RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS I. Relative Pronouns as the Object of Prepositions Object of a Verb - I like fish. - She is cooking dinner. - I like reading. - She wants to go abroad. Object of a Preposition - She is interested in reading books. - I completely agree with you. - Be quiet! I’m trying to concentrate on my work. Relative pronouns as the object of preposition. 1. This is the bus. I’ve been waiting for the bus. 1. This is the bus that I’ve been waiting for. 2. This is the book. I’m interested in the book. 2. This is the book ______ I’m interested in. 3. That is the man. I’m talking about the man. 3. That is the man _______________________ 12 II. Relative Clauses with Prepositions That is the bus. I’ve been waiting for it. That is the bus which/ that I have been waiting for. That is the bus for which I have been waiting. That is the bus I have been waiting for. That’s the man. I went to France with that man. That’s the man who/ that I went to France with. That’s the man with whom I went to France with That’s the man I went to France with. e.g. 1. Is this the article which you were interested in?  _________________________________________________  _________________________________________________ 2. That’s the man who I was talking about.  _________________________________________________  _________________________________________________ PRACTICE I. Match the phrases and write the definitions. Put the preposition at the relative clause. 0. a kitchen a cupboard you hit nails with it 1. a hammer the person you keep valuable things in it 2. your destination a piece of furniture you cook in it 3. a safe a place you can either sit or sleep on it 4. your opponent a room you’re going to it 5. a sofa bed a tool playing against them 0. A kitchen is a room you cook in. 1. ________________________________________________________________________________. 2. ________________________________________________________________________________. 3. ________________________________________________________________________________. 4. ________________________________________________________________________________. 5. ________________________________________________________________________________. II. Combine these sentences, using Relative pronouns following a preposition. 1. The men are angry. The woman is talking to the men. The man to whom the woman is talking are angry. 2. The house is for sale. I was born in it. __________________________________________________________ 3. The teacher is Mr. Pike. We studied with him last year. __________________________________________________________ 4. That is the chair. He used to sit on it for meals. __________________________________________________________ 5. Faraday is a famous scientist. Many books have been written about him. __________________________________________________________ 13 6. You are looking at the picture. What's the picture? __________________________________________________________ 7. In the middle of the village, there is a well. The villagers take water from this well to drink. __________________________________________________________ 8. There is a NO PARKING sign. I do not take notice of it. __________________________________________________________ 9. Sunday is a day. We can visit our grandfather on that day. __________________________________________________________ 10. The bed is good. I slept in the bed last night. __________________________________________________________ III. Each of these sentences has a mistake in it. Write the correct sentence. 14 1. Was it the restaurant to that you normally go? ______________________________________ 2. Atomic science is a subject about it I know very little. ______________________________________ 3. The sales manager is the person from who I obtained the figures. ______________________________________ 4. I've found the magazine who was missing. ______________________________________ 5. The letter that I open it wasn't for me. ______________________________________ 6. I didn't know the name of the man helped me. ______________________________________ 7. Ruper knows the family who's house is for sale. ______________________________________ PART 4: OMISSION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS 1. Mike and Harriet are visiting a woman who/ whom they met on holiday. = Mike and Harriet are visiting a woman they met on holiday. 2. The cakes which Melanie baked were delicious. = The cakes Melanie baked were delicious. 3. The restaurant which we normally go to is closed today. = The restaurant we normally go to is closed today. 4. Electronics is the subject which I know very little about. = Electronics is the subject I know very little about. 5. The restaurant to which we normally go to is closed today. 6. Electronics is the subject about which I know very little about. PRACTICE I. Combine the sentences using a relative pronoun. Omit the relative pronoun where necessary. 1. The girl is Tom’s new friend. She just said hello. The girl ____________________________________________________ 2. The dog has been rescued. It fell down a hole. The dog ____________________________________________________ 3. The accident wasn’t serious. Daniel saw it. The accident ____________________________________________________ 4. The story was untrue. It upset everyone. The story ____________________________________________________ 5. The vase was extremely valuable. David broke it. The vase ____________________________________________________ 6. The jacket is really nice. Melanie wore it at the party. The jacket ____________________________________________________ 7. That man is a film producer. He interviewed Natasha. That man ____________________________________________________ 8. That man is a billionaire. Claire knows him. That man ____________________________________________________ 15 II. Are the sentences correct without a relative pronoun? Where you see , you may need to put in who, which or that. Write the sentences and put in pronoun only if you have to. 0. The man  paid for the meal was a friend of Tom’s.  The man who paid for the meal was a friend of Tom’s. 1. Some where I’ve got a photo of the mountain  we climbed.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 2. The man  repaired my car is a real expert.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 3. The detective lost sight of the man  he was following.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 4. I thought I recognized the assistant  served us.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 5. I’m afraid the numbers  I chose didn’t win a prize.  ________________________________________________________________________________. PART 5: WHICH REFERRING TO A WHOLE CLAUSE 1a. He decided to see a doctor about the problem which had been bothering him. 1b. He decided to see a doctor about the problem, which was a good idea. 2a. She had to pay for the meal which was very expensive. 2b. She had to pay for the meal, which made her angry. PRACTICE I. Match the sentence pairs and join them with which. 0. My phone is out of order. It means he can’t get about very easily. 1. Rachel’s mother paid for the meal. It’s made her very depressed. 2. My brother is disabled. That was rather careless of you. 3. You left the keys in the car. That caused the traffic jam. 4. Vicky didn’t get the job. It’s a real nuisance. 5. The police blocked off the road. That was very kind of her. 0. My phone is out of order, which is a real nuisance. 1. ________________________________________________________________________________. 2. ________________________________________________________________________________. 3. ________________________________________________________________________________. 4. ________________________________________________________________________________. 5. ________________________________________________________________________________. II. Write sentences with coordinate relative clauses. Use the sentences in the box. - It made them ill. - This is impressive for a woman of her age. - It was a sign that he was getting angry. - This is making her very unhappy. - It was surprise for everyone. - This means you should pack lots of warm - It was frightening for my sister and her husband. clothing. - It will give her the rest she needs. - This was an expensive mistake. 0. She’s going to have to sell the business.  She’s going to have to sell the business, which is making her very unhappy. 16 1. Grandmother runs five miles every day.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 2. She’s going to take a month off work.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 3. He spent a lot of money on a car he couldn’t afford.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 4. The weather there is very cold at this time of year.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 5. She arrived a day earlier than we expected.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 6. My nephew had to go into hospital suddenly.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 7. He suddenly got very red in the face.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 8. The children ate too much cake at the party.  ________________________________________________________________________________. PART 6: REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES I. Using V-ing 1. There are two students who are waiting outside.  There are two students waiting outside. 2. The winner is the person who scores the most points in the game.  The winner is the person scoring the most points in the game. 3. The old man who lived next door had an accident.  The old man ____________________________ _________________________________________ . II. Using PII 4. Debbie only drinks juice that is made from fresh fruit.  Debbie only drinks juice made from fresh fruit. 5. The strawberries which were dipped in chocolate are really delicious.  The strawberries dipped in chocolate are really delicious. 6. The identity of the man who was known as “Jack the Ripper” remains unknown.  The identity ____________________________ 17 _________________________________________ . III. Using To-inf 4. New Zealand was the first country which gave woman the right to vote.  New Zealand was the first country to give woman the right to vote. 5. Melanie was the only person who wrote a letter of thanks.  Melanie was the only person to write a letter of thanks. 6. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress who has appeared on stage here.  Emma Thompson ________________________ _________________________________________ . PRACTICE I. Complete the definitions. Put in an active (V-ing) or passive participle (P II) of these verbs: add, arrive, block, own, play, take, tell, watch, wear 0. A competitor is someone taking part in a competition. 00. Your property is everything owned by you. 1. Baseball is the game ________________________ mainly in US. 2. A wrist-watch is a watch ________________________ on your wrist. 3. A latecomer is a person ________________________ late. 4. An instruction is a statement ________________________ you what to do. 5. A spectator is someone ________________________ a game or an event. 6. An extension is a new part ________________________ on to a building. 7. An obstacle is something ________________________ your way. II. Comment on each situation. Use the to-infinitive structure. 0. David offered his help. No one else did.  David was the only person to offer his help. 1. Olivia’s daughter swam a length of the pool. No other girl as young as her did that.  Olivia’s daughter was ______________________________________________________________. 2. The secretaries got a pay rise. No one else did.  The secretaries were _______________________________________________________________. 3. The pilot left the aircraft. Everyone else had left before him.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Mrs Harper became managing Director. No other woman had done that before. 18 _________________________________________________________________________________. 5. Daniel applied for the job. No other candidate as suitable as him applied.  ________________________________________________________________________________. III. Re-write the numbered sentences in the articles. Use participle clauses. (0) A dog which was looking for food for her puppies found a baby in a forest in Kenya. (1) The dog took the baby, which was wrapped in a dirty cloth, and put it next to her puppies. (2) A witness said he heard a baby which was crying. (3) Another witness said she saw a dog that was carrying a baby across a road. Eventually, the baby was found and taken to hospital. (4) A homesick Chinese cat that was given away by its owner walled forty day and a hundred miles to return home. (5) The cat’s owner is a woman has a small flat in Beijing. (6) She gave the cat to a friend who was living in the country. The cat’s owner has promised not to give it away again. 0. A dog looking for food for her puppies found a baby in a forest in Kenya. 1. ________________________________________________________________________________. 2. ________________________________________________________________________________. 3. ________________________________________________________________________________. 4. ________________________________________________________________________________. 5. ________________________________________________________________________________. 6. ________________________________________________________________________________. PART 7: REVIEW I. Complete the sentences. Use relative pronouns. 1. Is she the manager _____________’s talking over our department? 2. Jody made the best suggestion, _____________ was unusual. 3. The shop on the corner, _____________ I used to buy most of my food, closed last year. 4. The case _____________ was stolen had some valuable papers in it. 5. Ian Fleming, _____________ books have been made into successful films, was a prolific writer. 6. Phillip Pullman, _____________ wrote His Dark Materials, is a fine author. 7. Oksana’s flat, _____________ she bought last year, is near the park. 8. Autumn is the season _____________ I feel most restless. 9. Marcella’s decided to teach abroad, _____________ will be a great experience for her. 10. This is a picture of the place _____________ we’re spending our holidays. II. Write in the missing words. Use one word only in each space. I’m sure there was a reason (1) ___________ I became a TV reviewer. Maybe it was my love of classic shows (2) ___________ kept me entertained as a child. Or maybe it was the presenters (3) ___________ seemed to promise an exciting world of glamour and showbiz. To be honest, I’ve watch so many shows lately (4) ___________ have bored me to tears that I’ve forgotten. Take Kid Swap, for example, the new show (5) ___________ Channel 7 hopes will revive their viewing figures. The show takes kids (6) ___________ parents have had enough and swaps them with kids from other families for two weeks. The problem with this show is that I’m just not sure at (7) ___________ it’s aimed – parents or teenagers. Parents (8) ___________ watch this show will find it childish, particularly at the moment (9) ___________ one of the teenagers does nothing but complain. Teenage viewers (10) ___________ watch more than the first five minutes will soon get bored of the parents, (11) 19 ___________ blame anybody but themselves for the situation. This is definitely one idea (12) ___________ should be put exactly where it belongs – in the bin! III. Each of these sentences has a mistake in it. Write the correct sentence. 1. This isn’t the train on that I normally travel.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 2. The letter that I opened it wasn’t for me.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 3. The reason because I didn’t know was that no one had told me.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 4. That we should do is ring the police.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 5. I didn’t know the name of the man helped me.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 6. Rupert knows the family who’s house is for sale.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 7. Einstein who failed his university entrance exam discovered relativity.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 8. The person we talked to were very friendly.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 9. It’s the President makes the important decisions.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 10. I can’t find my diary, what is a real nuisance.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 11. Outside the door was a pair of boots covering in mud.  ________________________________________________________________________________. 12. Lake Superior, that lies on the US-Canadian border, is the largest lake in North America.  ________________________________________________________________________________. IV. Decide which word or phrase is correct. 1. At last I’ve found the information that I was looking _________________. A. for B. for it C. for that D. it 2. Everyone _________________ the building was searched by the police. A. enter B. entered C. entering D. enters 3. The plane _________________ has just taken off is an hour late. A. it B. what C. which D. who 4. I had just one reply. Abco was the _________________ company to reply to my letter. A. last B. most C. only D. second 5. My best friend Nigel, _________________ works in the City, earns much more than I do. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 6. Martin is someone with _________________ I usually agree. A. him B. that C. who D. whom 7. I’d like to see the photo _________________. A. took B. you took it C. that you took D. that you took it 8. Atlanta is the city _________________ the Olympic Games were held in 1996. A. that B. when C. where D. which 9. It rained all the time, _________________ was a great pity. A. that B. what C. which D. who 10. We passed shops _________________ windows were decorated for Christmas. A. the B. their C. which D. whose 20