Tài liệu Chuyên đề chức năng giao tiếp ( www.sites.google.com/site/thuvientailieuvip )

Chức năng giao tiếp CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CHỨC NĂNG GIAO TIẾP I/ THANKS AND APOLOGIES A – THANKS – LỜI CÁM ƠN 1. SENTENCES AND STRUCTURE – CÁC CÂU VÀ CẤU TRÚC: Thank you Thank you very much Thanks Thanks a lot Thanks for your advice I’m really grateful to you It was very kind of you I really/highly appreciate it Thanks anyway (Cám ơn người khác đã giúp mình cho dù điều người đó làm không mang lại lợi ích gì cho mình) Note: Đôi khi, người nói có thể thêm một ít thông tin trong lời cám ơn của mình, đặc biệt là khi cám ơn những lời khuyên, động viên, khen ngợi. Example 1: A: What a beautiful dress you’re wearing! B: Thanks. I made it myself Example 2: A: Don’t worry, John. I believe you can make it B: Thank you. I’ll try my best 2. ANSWER – ĐÁP LẠI: You’re welcome No problem S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 1 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp It’s OK Not at all Never mind Don’t mention it (It’s) my pleasure (dùng trong những tình huống trang trọng) Example 1: A: Thanks for reminding me B: You’re welcome Example 2: A: It was very kind of you to help me B: It’s my pleasure B – APOLOGIES – LỜI XIN LỖI 1. SENTENCES AND STRUCTURE – CÁC CÂU VÀ CẤU TRÚC: I’m sorry (for…) I’m so / very / terrible / extremely sorry I apologize for… I hope you’ll forgive my… Please accept my apologies for… Note: Thông thường, người xin lỗi sẽ đưa ra lí do phạm lỗi, nhận trách nhiệm về mình, hoặc hứa một điều gì đó. Example: Oh, I’m sorry. I didn’t see you. (lí do làm sai) I’m so sorry. It’s all my fault. (nhận trách nhiệm) I’m sorry. I’ll be more careful next time. (lời hứa) 2. ANSWER – ĐÁP LẠI: That’s alright Never mind Don’t worry about it S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 2 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp Don’t apologize It doesn’t matter It’s OK Forget about it No harm done It’s not your fault Please don’t blame yourself Example 1: A: I apologize for the noise last night B: Don’t worry about it Example 2: A: I’m very sorry. I just forgot to bring your book B: It’s alright Note: Người nói cũng có thể đưa ra lí do mình tha lỗi cho người khác. Example 1: A: I apologize for the noise last night B: Don’t worry about it. I slept very well all night. Example 2: A: I’m very sorry. I just forgot to bring your book B: It’s alright. I don’t need it today, anyway. II. ADVICES, SUGGESTIONS AND WARNINGS: A – LỜI KHUYÊN – ADVICE SENTENCES AND STRUCTURES – CÁC CÂU VÀ CẤU TRÚC: You should/ought to: You should pay attention to your study You need to: You need to go see the doctor soon If I were you, I would: If I were you, I would call her right now Why don’t you: why don’ you find another job? Example 1: A: My math test is coming, but I’m not ready yet B: If I were you, I would start reviewing it right away Example 2: A: I’m always broke at the end of the month B: I think you should reconsider your spending S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 3 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp B – LỜI ĐỀ XUẤT – SUGGESTIONS 1. SENTENCES AND STRUCTURES – CÁC CÂU VÀ CẤU TRÚC KHI CẦN ĐƯA RA MỘT Ý KIẾN ĐỀ XUẤT HAY ĐỀ NGHỊ: What/ How about: How about going to the concert tonight? Why don’t we: Why don’t we take a hiking trip tomorrow? Let’s: Let’s discuss this problm right now We could: We could eat at Pablo’s. It’s wonderfull I suggest we: I suggest we leave the party soon Have you thought of: have you ever thought of giving him a tie? 2. ANSWERS – CÁC CÂU ĐỂ TRẢ LỜI: It’s a good idea Sounds great/Sounds like fun I don’t think it’s a good idea Example 1: A: I’m so bored. Sitting around here makes me sick B: How about watching some movies? Example 2: A: Next Saturday is Jane’s birthday B: Really? So, let’s make her a surprising party C – LỜI CẢNH BÁO – WARNINGS 1. SENTENCES AND STRUCTURES – CÁC CÂU VÀ CẤU TRÚC ĐỂ CẢNH BÁO AI ĐÓ VỀ NHỮNG VIỆC HỌ KHÔNG NÊN LÀM: Or: Don’t stay up late, or you’ll be late tomorrow Otherwise: Work harder, otherwise you won’t get promotion Watch out!: Watch out! There’s a hole on the ground S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 4 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp Be careful!: Be careful! The box is very heavy You’d better: You’d better no swim too far away 2. ANSWER – CÁC CÂU HOẶC CẤU TRÚC ĐỂ TRẢ LỜI: OK! I will/won’t Don’t worry. I will/won’t Example 1: A: Don’t stay up late, or you’ll be late tomorrow B: Don’t worry, I won’t (stay up late) Example 2: A: You’d better submit the assignment on time B: OK. I will (submit the assignment on time) D. CÁC MẪU ĐỀ NGHỊ NGƯỜI KHÁC GIÚP MÌNH: Mẫu này thể hiện nội dung người nói muốn người khác làm việc gì đó. Các dạng thường gặp là: - Động từ nguyên mẫu...... - Động từ nguyên mẫu ...., please. - Please + động từ nguyên mẫu...... - Can you + động từ nguyên mẫu...... - Could you + động từ nguyên mẫu...... - Would you please + động từ nguyên mẫu...... - Would / Do you mind + động từ thêm Ing...... Đáp lại các mẫu trên: Đồng ý giúp thì nói: S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 5 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp - Certainly - Of course - Sure - No problem - What can I do for you? - How can I help you? Không đồng ý giúp thì nói: I'm sorry. I'm busy Riêng mẫu : Would / Do you mind + động từ thêm Ing...... thì đáp lại là : - No I don't mind. - No, of course not. - Not at all. - I'm sorry, I can't. E. CÁC MẪU MÌNH MUỐN GIÚP NGƯỜI KHÁC: - Can I help you ? - Shall I .....? - What can I do for you ? - May I help you ? - Do you need any help? S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 6 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp - Let me help you. Đáp lại các mẫu trên: -Yes/no. Thank you -That's very kind of you. F. CÁC MẪU XIN PHÉP NGƯỜI KHÁC: Mẫu này dùng khi xin phép ai để làm việc gì đó. - May I ....? Ví dụ: May I go out ? xin phép cho tôi ra ngoài ạ. Cũng có thể dùng : - Can I .....? Ví dụ : Can I sit here ? - Would you mind if I + mệnh đề chia quá khứ đơn. Ví dụ : Would you mind if I smoked ? Bạn có phiền gì không nếu tôi hút thuốc ? - Do you mind if I + mệnh đề chia hiện tại đơn. Ví dụ : Do you mind if I smoke ? Bạn có phiền gì không nếu tôi hút thuốc ? S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 7 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp Đáp lại các mẫu trên: - Certainly - Of course - Please do - Please go ahead Nếu không đồng ý thì có thể dùng: - I'd rather you didn't - I'd prefer You didn't Tổng hợp: Chúc mừng: 1. —Well done and congratulations to you. —Thanks very much. 2. —I hope you’ll succeed in everything. —So do I. 3. —I wish you success. —Thank you. S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 8 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp 4. —We send you our best wishes. —Thank you very much. 5. —Happy new year ! —Happy new year!（The same to you.） 6. —A merry Christmas to you. —Thank you. 7. —I hope you’ll have a good time. —Thank you. 8. —Happy Birthday! —Thank you. Mời: 1. —Would you like to come to the party? —Oh yes, thank you. 2. —I hope you can come to the dance next Saturday. —I’m sorry, but I can’t. 3. —Will you go dancing with us? —Of course. I'll be glad to. S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 9 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp 4. —Will you come to our English Evening? —Yes, thank you. 5. —Would you please give us a talk on English Learning? —OK. When? 6. —You and your friends must come over to my house and see mooncakes. —OK. Thank you very much. Biểu lộ đồng ý và không đồng ý: 1. —I think the shop is closed at this time of day. —No, I think it’s open. 2. —I think foreign languages are more interesting than science. —I really can’t agree with you. I prefer science. 3. —I think I shall read a book instead. S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 10 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp —Good idea. That’s much better than watching a bad TV Programme. 4. —I don’t think that it's true. He’s always telling strange stories. —I know. But this time I can’t decide if he is right or not. 5. —I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. —Maybe. But I prefer art. 6. —Don’t think in Chinese when you’re speaking English. —You are quite right. Xin lỗi: 1. —Sorry to trouble you. —That’s all right. 2. —Oh, I am so sorry. —That’s quite all right. 3. —I’m sorry to give you so much trouble. —No trouble at all. S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 11 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp 4. —I’m sorry. I lost the key to your bike. —It doesn’t matter. 5. —Sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. —It doesn’t matter. 6. —You haven’t paid for it yet. —Oh, I’m really very sorry. Khuyên bảo, đề nghị: 1. —The park isn’t far from here. Shall we walk there? —OK. 2. —You’d better close the windows. It’s cold in the room. —All right. 3. —If you are not better by then, I’ll take you to see the doctor. —OK. Thank you very much. 4. —You must look after yourself and keep healthy. —Yes, I will. Thanks. 5. —The museum is very far from here. Let’s catch a bus, shall we? S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 12 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp —OK. Let's catch a bus. 6. —You must remember the saying: Whatever you do, do it well. —Thank you for your advice. Gọi điện: 1. —Hello! —Hello, Bill? —No, this is Sam. —Hi, Sam. This is Mike. How are you? 2. —Hello. —Hello. May I speak to Mr. Green? 3. —No. 5 Middle School. —Mr. Green, please. —I’m sorry. Mr. Green is not in. —When will he be back? —About six this afternoon. —All right. I'll ring again then. —Very well. S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 13 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp 4. —Hello! —Hello, Han Mei. Could I borrow your Chinese-English Dictionary please? —Sorry! It’s not a very good line. Could you speak more loudly? —Could I borrow your Chinese-English dictionary? —Sure. I’ll bring it to you tomorrow. —Thank you. Goodbye. Xin phép: 1. —Please let me help you. —No, thanks. I can carry it. 2. —Can I see your licence, please? —OK. 3. —May I call you James? —Of course, if you wish. 4. —Could I borrow a pen, please? —Of course. With pleasure. S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 14 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp 5. —Excuse me. May I use your dictionary? —Yes, here you are. 6. —May I ask you several questions? —Yes, of course. Giúp người khác: 1. —May I help you? —Oh yes, thank you. 2. —Let me help you with the bags. —Well, I can manage all right. Thanks just the same. 3. —Can we help you? —I want to go to hospital. But I can’t. My leg hurts. 4. —Must I clean the classroom now? —Oh, you needn’t. 5. —Would you like a cup of tea? —Yes, please. 6. —What can I do for you? —I’d like to have an English-English dictionary. S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 15 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp Hỏi đường: 1. —Excuse me. Where is the washroom, please? —Oh, it’s over there. 2. —Excuse me. Can you tell me where the bookshop is? —Look! It’s on the other side of the road. 3. —How far is the post office, please? —Only a few kilometers. 4. —Will you please tell me the way to the railway station? —Go down this street. At the end of the road you’ll see it. 5. —Excuse me. Could you tell me how I can get to the supermarket? —Go straight along this road. Then go over the bridge and turn right at the bookshop. You’ll find it. Mua sắm: S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 16 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp 1. —What can I do for you? —I’d like some apples. 2. —Where can I buy some stationery? —Let’s look at the shopping guide. Oh, it’s on the ground Floor. 3. —Could I buy half a kilo oranges? —Certainly. Here you are. 4. —Will you please show me that radio? —Certainly. 5. —How much is the radio? —Ninety yuan. 6. —Good morning, sir. May I help you? —Yes, I’d like to buy a sweater. Nói chuyện thời tiết: 1. —It’s a fine day for a walk. —Yes, the air is nice and clean. S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 17 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp 2. —Oh dear! It’s very cold today. —Yes, you need to wear warmer clothes. 3. —What’s the weather like today? —It’s fine. 4. —What’s the weather like in your country now? —It’s very hot. 5. —Lovely weather, isn’t it? —Yes, isn’t it? 6. —I missed the weather report this morning. Did you hear it? —Yes. It said it would be partly cloudy today, with a strong wind from the northwest. Hỏi ngày, giờ: 1. —Hi, Mary. What time is it now? —It’s about three. 2. —What day is it today? —It’s Wednesday. 3. —Excuse me. Could you tell me what time the plane leaves? S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 18 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp —Certainly. It leaves at ten in the evening. 4. —What’s the time? My watch has stopped. —Let me see. It's five to ten. 5. —Excuse me. Have you got the time? —Yes, it’s six twenty. 6. —Excuse me. Could you tell me the time? —Oh sorry, I don’t have my watch with me. Cuộc hẹn: 1. —Are you free next Wednesday evening? I want to go to the cinema with you? —Yes, I’d like to. 2. —When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? —I don’t mind. Either time is OK. S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 19 | 39 Chức năng giao tiếp 3. —Are you free later today? —Sorry, I'm free every day except today. 4. —Are you able to come tomorrow morning? —I think so. 5. —Are you free this afternoon? —Oh no. Will this evening be all right? 6. —I’m busy today. What about tomorrow afternoon? —That would be fine. Shall we make it nine o'clock? Cấm đoán, cảnh báo: 1. —Don’t climb that ladder! It’s broken. —OK. Thank you. 2. —Look out! There’s a car coming. —Oh, thank you. 3. —You mustn’t play on the street. It’s dangerous. —No, we won’t. S ư u t ầ m , t ổ n g h ợ p P a g e 20 | 39