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(6V chyêa Anh, ĨPIÍ0B8 Quốc học Huế)
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ðỌC HIEU
(Ti bn l n th nh
t)
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(ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS)
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V ĨN H B Á
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(Giáo viên Chuyến A nh - Trường Quốc học Huế)
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CÂU HỎI TRẮC NGHIỆM
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KĨ NĂNG ðỌC HIỂU
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(ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS)
(Tái bản lần thứ nhất)
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TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI ðẠI HỌC
NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ðẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
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SACBTHAM KHẢO
'
^
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- ~Coạiiêctìonis ihileadm g, nxb Oxford University Press, 1-98T
Mosaic - A Reading Skills Book, Brenda. WegmanandMDaPnj-ik
Kbezevic, nxb Randon House, Nev/York, 1985
- Read All About It 1&2, Lori Howard, nxb Oxford University Press, 2000;
- The Guardian Weekly, onestopenglish.com
- Reading Comprehension Skills & Strategies Level 7&8, nxb Saddleback
Educational Publishing, 2002
- Reading Comprehension Success, nxb Learning Express, New York, 2009
- Reading Extra, Liz Driscoll, nxb Cambridge University Press
- Advanced Reading Power, Beatrice s. Milulecky and Linda Jeffries, nxb
Pearson Longman, 2007.
- Reading Skills for First Certificate, Malcolm Mann and Taylore-Knowles,
nxb MacMillan
- W hat A W orld 1&2, Milada Broukal, nxb Longman, 2007
- Comprehension 1&2, D’Arcy Adrian and Lewis Lansford, nxb Longman
- Reading Advanced, Rod Ellis & Brian Tomlinson, nxb Oxford University
Press, 1997
- The Glencoe Reader, nxb McGrawHill, 2004
- Longman Preparation Series for the TOEĨC Test, Lin Louheed
- The Heinỉe&Heinỉe TOEFL Test Assistant - Reading, Milada Broukal,
nxb Glendale Community College
- TOEFL Practice Tests 1999-2000, Educational Testing Service,
http://\vww.toef].org
- Building Reading Skills for the TOEFL iBT, 2007
- Advanced E xpert CAE, của Jane Bell vả Roger Gower, nxb Pearson
Longman, 2008
- CAE Result, cùa Kathy Gude and Mary Stephens, nxb Oxford University
Press, 2008
- CAE Practice Test Plus, của Alan Stanton và Susan Morris, nxb Longman,
Ỉ999
- C am bridge CAE Course, của Mary Spratt & Linda B. Taylor, Cambridge
University Press, 1997
- Chuyên San English Language Studies, nxb English Foreign Language
Exam, Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ, các năm từ 2004 ñến 2008
- Các ñề luyện thi tiếng Anh tốt nghiệp phổ thông toàn Nga (Russian State
Exams) các năm từ 2003 ñến 2010.
NH
ƠN
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NH
ƠN
L Ờ I N Ó I ðẰU
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Phẩn “ðọc và Hiểu Văn” là phần không thể thiếu trong mọi ñề thi Tiếng Anh các cấp.
Dù chì chiếm một tỉ iặ ñiểm không lớn, nhưng phần này khiến cho thí sinh mất nhiều
thời gian suy nghĩ và dề làm cho thí sinh e sợ nếu gặp phải một bãi vãn khó hiểu. Mức
ñộ khó cùa 'bài văn thể hiện ờ các chỗ: ñề tài bàn ñến có thể không nằm trong kinh
nghiệm sống cùa lứa tuổi học sinh, từ vựng và cấu trúc nàm ngoài vốn hiểu biết, và
cách thức ñặt câu hỏi !ắt léo, ñánh bẫy.
ĐẠ
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Tập sách này là tập hợp những bài văn thuộc các ñề tài nằm trong phạm vi kiến thức
phổ thông. Cách hành vãn của từng bài có thể ñơn giàn mà-cũng có thế phức tạp, nhưng
không ñến ñộ quá rối rắm.
Câu hò ì trắc nghiệm dưới mỗi bài ñọc thường gồm các loại sau:
HƯ
NG
:
li Câu hòi về ý chính: yêu cầu người ñọc phải tóm tắt ñược chủ ñề cơ bản hoặc mục
ñích cùa tác giã, với các dạng mờ ñẩu như sau:
B
TR
ẦN
+ What is the main topic of this passage?
+ The best title for the passage is...
+ The main topic for this passage is...
+ What does the author mainly discuss?
+ The main idea of this passage is...
00
ðể chọn ñược câu trả lời ñúng, học sinh nên:
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(1) Lưu ý ñến câu chù ñiểm (thiròng nằm ờ ñẩu mỗi ñoạn văn).
(2) Lưu ý giọng vãn cùa tác già.
(3) ðọc !ưởt qua toàn bài, ñặc biệt là câu chù ñiểm, ñể tim những từ ngữ mấu chốt (key
vocabulary) có thể biểu thị thái ñộ cùa tác giả ñối với ñề tài.
(4) ðọc kỹ bài ñể chọn câu trả !ời. Lưu ý rằng chỉ câu chủ ñiểmkhông thôichưa ñủ
thông tin ñể xác ñịnh ý chính của bài. Ý chính chĩ cỏ thểñược khái quát hóa sau
khi ñọc kỹ toàn bài và theo dõi thái ñộ cùa tác già.
Í-
2. Câu hỏi về sự kiện. Loại câu hỏi này yêu cầu học sinhphải trà lời bằng cácthông
tin cụ thể về bài văn.
chọn
lựa, trongñó chỉ
TO
ÁN
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Câu hòi về sự kiện có dạng là một câu bỏ lừng và bên dưới là 4
có một chọn lựa hoàn thành câu bò lừng ñúng ý bài vãn.
BỒ
ID
ƯỠ
NG
Phần mở ñầu của loại câu hòi này thường có dạng sau:
+ According to the article,....
+ The passage states that...
+ The author indicates that...
ðe chọn ñúng câu trả lời cho loại câu hòi này, học sinh cần:
(1) Xác ñịnh từ/cụm từ mấu chốt trong câu hòi.
(2) Lướt qua bài văn ñể tìm từ/cụm từ mấu chổt này, hoặc các từ liên quan ñên từ mâu
chốt này.
(3) Sau khi xác ñịnh ñược vị tri của từ/cụm từ mâu chôt trongbài văn,.ñọc kĩ phân bài
văn có chứa cụm từ này ñề chọn câu trà lời.
3
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Câu hỏi về sự kiện hầu như luôn ỉuôn ñược hòi theo thứ tự xuất hiện của các sự kiện
trong bài văn. Do ñó, cẵu hỏi sự kiện ñẩu tiên sẽ nằm gần ñầu bài vãn hơn là câu hòi sự
kiện cuối cùng. Hiểu ñược ñiêu này sẽ giúp học sinh làm bài nhanh han vì nêu ñang
tìm câu trả lời cho câu hòi số 1, học sinh chỉ cần tìm thông tin ở ñàu bài văn. Trái lại,
nếu ñang trả lời câu 5 chẳng hạn, học sinh sẽ nhìn vào phần cuối bài ñọc.
3. Các câu hỏi sự kiện phù ñịnh: ñưa ra 3 phát biều ñúng và một phát biểu sai. Học
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sinh phải loại trừ ñược 3 phát biểu ñúng, phát biểu sai còn lại chính là câu phải
chọn ñể trả lời.
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Các câu hòi sự kiện phù ñịnh thường có dạng như sau:
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+ According to the passage, ali of the following are true EXCEPT...
+ The author mentions aii of the following EXCEPT...
HƯ
NG
ðê trà !ời các câu hỏi sự kiện phủ ñịnh, học sinh phải:
(1) ðọc kĩ các chọn lựa ñể xác ñịnh vị trí của thông tin trong bài văn.
(2) ðọc lướt qua bài văn ñể loại trừ 3 chọn lựa có thông tin khớp với thông tin trong
bài văn.
(3) Chọn lựa còn sót lại chính [à câu trã lòi ñúng.
TR
ẦN
4. Câu hỏi suy luận: Thông tin ñể trả lòi loại câu hòi này ñôi khi không ñược phát
biểu rõ ràng trong bài văn. Học sinh phải suy luận cãn cứ trên nhừng thông tin
khác, hoặc phải “ñọc giừa hai hàng chữ” (read between the lines) mới thấy ý ẩn
tàng của tác giả.
00
B
Những câu hòi loại này thường ñược iập văn như sau:
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+ While not directly stated, we can infer from the passage that...
+ According to the passage, the author implies that...
+ It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that ...
+ Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
CẤ
5. Câu hỏi về ngữ nghĩa: Loại câu hòi nảy trác nghiệm vốn từ vựng của học sinh. '
Học sinh phải chọn trong 4 từ cho sẵn một từ ñồng nghĩa với từ dùng trong bài văn.
HÓ
A
Các câu hòi ngừ nghĩa thường có dạng như sau;
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+ The word “subsequent” in line 19 is closest in meaning to ...
+ The word “varied” in line 2 couid best be replaced'by ...
+ The word “their” in line 20 refers to ...
+ In line 5, the phrase “giant patriarchs” could best be replaced by which of the following?
TO
ÁN
Hy vọng sau khi kiên trì rèn luyện với các bài tập trong sách này, học sinh sẽ nắm ñược
kĩ năng làm bài và ñạt ñược ñiểm tối ña cho phẩn câu hòi ñọc hiểu văn.
Ngưòi sưu tập và tuyển chọn
Vĩnh Bá
BỒ
ID
ƯỠ
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Tập sách này cũng cỏ thể là nguồn tư liệu có ích cho các ñồng nghiệp trong việc soạn
bài kiểm tra.
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1
THE FAMOUS CUP
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NH
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It’s only 36 centim eters tall, b u t to fans th ro ugho ut th e world, it
represen ts th e highest achievem ent in football. Every four years, team s
from all over the globe compete to take hom e the FIFA World Cup Tro- phy, yet nobody ever does.
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Do you know why? Nobody ever tak es it hom e because the 18-carat
gold trophy is •kept, u n d e r ĩố c k ' ani
T
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~V ,
- 'v f-
ĐẠ
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' ' 1
•y-'- *?v
The c h ild re n ‘wKo w ork are o fte n _____ .
A. treated well
Bw paid generously
(Q jm isused
D. all o f the above
TP
' CHiM'labor is m o'st'cam m on m \____
A>jcòủỉầtrtès tiaat’makef firecrackers.
'
trie s . 1*■V
^ _--„ ^ .poor
^- .cmiẼt
_
w- %
%
'■- .
ccran ữies thát-hảye. slavery: \ J
D. cơuntriẹs-tỉíat m ake carpets. ■
ẦN
HƯ
NG
W hen children are used to work for un fair wages in poor working
conditions, it is best described a s _____ .
Q i\a n ab u se of working children.
B. h ard work.
*
c . a poor w orking environm ent.
D. unfair labo r practices.
B
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A. s ta rt to work only after age 13.
B. sta rt to work only after age 12.
c. m ake only 60 cen ts an hour.
(DT)may m ake only 60 cen ts a day.
TR
According to the article, children who work u n d e r poor conditions
Í-
HÓ
A
CẤ
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According to the article, w hat is the best way to keep m any children
from falling victim to the ab u se of child labor in th e future?
(A^; Help poor countries educate th eir children. ■
B. Refuse to buy p ro ducts m ade in co untries th a t ab u se child labor.
c. Rescue each child.
ð. none o f the above
NG
TO
ÁN
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Why do families allow young children to go to work?
A. They d o n ’t know how bad it is.
B. The grow nups d o n ’t w ant to work.
(^CjThe families are very poor and need the income.
D. The children are paid a lot of money.
ƯỠ
How do you know Aghan w as no t happy m aking ca rp ets away from
h is family?
ID
A. He dream ed of learning to write.
BỒ
B. He w as rescued.
(^} He cried for h is m other.
D. He lives in a shelter.
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.Q
UY
10. Ijdl New Delhi, Aghan
A.W orked for a group th a t is opposed to child labor.
(Bp received an education,
c . lived w ith his family.
D. m ade carpets.
GLOSSARY
người
- airless (adj) thiếu không khí, ngột ngạt
- shed nhà kho
TP
-
gratitude lòng biết ơn
abuse sự lạm dụng
to congratulate chúc mừng
to fight for kids' rights ñấu tranh cho
ĐẠ
O
- to stitch khâu bằng kim
- leather da thuộc
- crouched (adj) lom khom, cúi gập
- Secretary of Labor Bộ Trưởng Lao
ðộng Mỹ
HƯ
NG
- child labor tình trạng lao ñộng trẻ em
NH
ƠN
WWW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
quyền của trẻ-em
- to put pressure on sfrgay sức ép ñối
với aí
ẦN
- to misuse sử dụng sai mục ñích
- work force lực lượng lao ñộng
- to kidnap bắt cóc
00
B
TR
- firecrackers pháo
- to knot the threads, thắt gút các sợi
. chi
- carpet tấm thảm
- slave nô lệ
- Child Labor Coalition Liên Minh Chống
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Lao ðộng Trẻ Em
- cruel (adj) ñộc ác
- toopposèsth chống [ại cái gì
- to rescue giai cứu
- shelter chỗ ờ, chỗ trú thân
A
CẤ
W ikipedia is an encyclopaedia th a t is available on th e Internet and
w hat people love about it is th a t it can be edited by absolutely everybody.
TO
ÁN
-L
Í-
HÓ
When and how did it start?
It w as founded in 2001 by a guy called Jim m y Wales. It started a s a Ỉ
fancy idea, a kind of a hobby and everybody is su rprised how popular it
h a s becom e an d how m any com puter scientists it h a s attracted, it h as
got a caUecìiorucj^ab-O ut_l, 8_rrìlĩì articles, the m ajority of w hich are in
English; however, one can find som e articles in over 200 languages. If it
w as a b u sin ess, it would earn lots of money.
BỒ
ID
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NG
How is it possible th at articles that can be changed by anyone are
correct?
The W ikipedia is based on wikis - a special software w hich lets everyone modify a webpage and it is true th a t anyone can change the inform ation on the page if they th in k it’s incorrect. But, the W ikipedia h a s a
team of over 13.000 people who are experts in different fields an d who
correct an y in accurate inform ation sen t by people
9
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very reliable- an d th a t they -didn't find m any' errors: 3t..;.was 'very good
new s for th e founder a s well a s for all the u sers.
’
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Why is it becom ing so popuiar?
NH
ƠN
I s i t error-free?
HƯ
NG
ẦN
1. W ikipedia______
A. w as created by a team of com puter scientists,
B. began
began aass aa bbuusin
siness
ess idea,
idea.
c. becam e popular a s soon a s it Ístarted.
( t x \ starte d a s one m a n ’s passion.
W;
■ Wr;ikipedia
. a r e _____
Articles
in
ĐẠ
O
TP
th a t it’s fun to be able to add w hat you know tó th e inform ation on the
net. IT specialists believe it h a s a very bright future an d m ost claim it's
the m ost brilliant invention ever.
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B
TR
A. m ostly ab o u t science.
(iTi m ostly in English.
c . tran slated into 200 languages.
D. very interesting.
CẤ
P2
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3. W ikipedia rem ains accu rate a s m u ch a s possible b e c a u s e _____
A. all people who w rite for it are experts.
B. it h a s a special type of software program m e.
c ci) there are people who m onitor it for m istakes.
Lh not everybody can change the inform ation.
-L
Í-
HÓ
A
4. The best advantage of Wikipedia is t h a t _____
fA ^you d o n’t have to pay for it.
B. everyone ca n u se it.
c . it is created by ordinary people.
f ư ỳ is quick an d reliable.
ƯỠ
encyclopaedia từ ñiển bách khoa
to edit biên tập, chỉnh sửa
to found thành lập
a fancy idea một ý tưởng ấp ủ sự say
ID
-
NG
GLOSSARY
TO
ÁN
5. The tex t probably com es from
A. a leaflet
ầ ổ '<\
c . a scientific article
BỒ
mê
- min = million
- webpage trang web
- .
GỀ a speech
( D ) a m agazine article
^
- error-free (adj) không có sai sót
- to confirm khẳng ñịnh
- to stress nhấn mạnh
- IT = Information Technology công
nghệ thông tin
- passion niềm ñam mê
- to monitor theo dõi ñể xử ỉí
10
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4
.Q
UY
NH
ƠN
In today’s competitive world, w hat responsible p a re n t would not
w an t to give their children the b est possible sta rt in life? For th is re ason, m any p aren ts w ant their children, often a s young as ten m onths
old, to become fam iliar with com puters. They seem to th in k th a t if th eir
children grow up with com puters, they will be b etter equipped to face
the challenges of th e future. -/7 -^
00
B
TR
ẦN
HƯ
NG
ĐẠ
O
TP
No one h a s proved th a t com puters m ake children m ore creative or
m ore intelligent. The tru th may even be the opposite. E ducational psychologists claim th a t too m uch exposure to com puters, especially for
the very young, may negatively affect norm al brain development. Children gain valuable experience of the world from their interaction with
physical objects. Ten-m onth-old babies may benefit more from bu m p ing th eir h ead s or p u tting various objects in their m o uths th a n they
will from staring at eye-catching cartoons. A four-year-old child can
improve hand-eye coordination and u n d ersta n d cause an d effect better
by experim enting w ith a crayon th a n by moving a curso r aro u n d a
com puter screen. So, as educational psychologists suggest, instead of
governm ent funding going to more an d m ore com puter classes, it m ight
be better to devote resources to m usic and a rt program s.
CẤ
P2
+3
10
It is lu d ic ro u s to think th a t children will fall behind if they are not
exposed to com puters "from a n early age. Time is too precious to spend
with a “m ouse”. Now is the time when they should be out- there learning
to ride a bike. There will be time later on for them to start banging
away a t keyboards.
A
1 . Why do p aren ts w ant their children to learn how to use a com puter
TO
ÁN
-L
Í-
HÓ
from an early age?
® )B e c a u s e they are afraid their children will become competitive.
B ecause they w ant th eir children to be well prepared for their
future.
c. B ecause th is is w hat all the other p aren ts seem to do.
D. B ecause they believe their children will have difficulty learning
to use one if they don’t s ta rt early.
BỒ
ID
ƯỠ
NG
2.
Children who spend a lot of time on their c o m p u te rs_____
do no t necessarily m ake more progress th a n those who d o n ’t,
tend to like m usic an d a rt more th a n those who d o n ’t.
c. will suffer from b rain dam age.
D. ten d to have m ore accidents th a n those who d on ’t.
3. The a u th o r implies th a t children leạm better ______
A. after they have developed hand-eye coordination.
B. w hen they u se a com puter.
11
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c. a s they get older.
^?)when they hold an d feel things aro u n d them .
ef
NH
ƠN
ỈÍ41 W hat would be an appropriate title for th is passage?
TP
.Q
UY
Never too early to s ta rt
Let kids be kids
C om puters in schools
D. More com p uters m ean b righter future
ĐẠ
O
5. W hat is tru e according to the passage?
A. It is b etter for children to take com puter lessons th a n a rt les-
TR
ẦN
HƯ
NG
sons.
P arents should n ot p u t off buying a com puter for th eir children.
c. C om puters seriously h arm children's eyesight.
(D )T h e re is no evidence th a t children who u se co m p uters are more
clever th a n those who do not. „—
7
D. sensible
6 . W hat does the word “ludicrous” m the third p arag rap h (first sen GLOSSARY
tence)
<4 o>
- to (be
A. exposed
ridiculous
to sth phải
B. hu
hứng
m orous
chịu,
- c.
hand-eye
ironic coordination sự phối hợp
giữa tay và mắt
B
phải nếm trải, có cơ hội tiếp xúc với
- crayon bút chi màu
00
(exposure)
- cursor con nháy trên màn
hình
- funding sự tài trợ
- to bang away at sth ñập mạnh vào
P2
+3
10
- interaction with sự tương tác với
- to bump one's head va ñầu
- eye-catching (adj) hấp dẫn, bắt mẳt
CẤ
5
ƯỠ
NG
TO
ÁN
-L
Í-
HÓ
A
A m assage is relaxing, an d m akes you feel great, b u t did you know
th a t it’s also good for you? T h at’s w h at doctors are now saying. M assage relieves pain an d anxiety, eases depression a n d speeds u p recovery from m edical problems.
R esearch h a s show n th a t people of all ages benefit from touch. Prem atu re infants who a re held develop J iaster Than th ose left alone, an d
healthy babies who get a lot of physical con tact ciy less an d sleep b etter. R esearchers are n ot su re why th is occurs b u t they have also found
out th a t touch can slow h e a rt rate, lower blood p ressu re an d increase
levels of seraton in, the, brain chem ical th a t is linked to well-beingpjtt
also decreases levels of th e stress horm one cortisol, a n d th is in tu rn
increase s your, r esistance to- il|ọ e^ s^
BỒ
ID
M assage also 'speeds, u p/ healing. Bone-m arrow tra n sp la n t p atien ts
who were given m assages h ad better neurological function th a n those
who w eren’t. Furtherm ore, m assage reduced pain by 37% in p atien ts
with chronic m uscle aches.
12
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NH
ƠN
C ệ) _
Gavipg->somjeaQS a m assagẹ m ay be_as_good as^get£mg-_one- A study
conducted by the university of Miami found th a t m others suffering
from depression felt better after m assaging th eir infants.. In th a t sam e
study, elderly volunteers who m assaged infants reported feeling less
anxious and depressed.
ĐẠ
O
TP
.Q
UY
It even w orks w hen you do it yourself; 43% of headache sufferers reported. getting relief after m assaging their tem ples and neck and sm okers who were tau gh t self-m assage while trying to quit felt less anxiety
and sm oked less.
2Ể1. W hat h a s recently been said abo ut getting a m assage?
ĩt relaxes you.
It m akes you feel good.
HƯ
NG
ằ
ẦN
It im proves your physical condition.
D. It requires a special technique.
TR
A* cry less
d sleep
better
they are m assaged.
2. Babies
bom an
before
th eir
tim if
e _____
grow faster if they are held.
develop faster th a n healthy babies if they get a lot of physical
contact.
D. d o n ’t survive if they are not held.
00
10
+3
The au th o r suggests th a t touch ______
A. increases levels of the stress horm one cortisol.
B. m akes your h eart beat faster.
( ^ ) increases' the feeling of well-being.
D. helps you deal with your feelings.
A
CẤ
P2
3.
B
f
TO
ÁN
-L
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HÓ
4. P atients who get m a ssa g e s _____
A. d o n ’t experience m uscle pain.
B avoid having surgery.
^ J
(j3y m ake a quicker recovery.
D. are not better off th a n those who do not.
BỒ
ID
ƯỠ
NG
5.
According to the a rtic le _____
Ạ. m assage h as no effect on smokers.
B. m assage relieves headaches by 43%.
c. sm okers who gave others m assages felt less anxious and
sm oked less.
(p j m assaging yourself is as effective a s being m assaged.
6 . W hat did the study conducted in Miami show ? 1
A. Elderly volunteers who got m assages felt less anxious.
B. M others were depressed after m assaging th eir babies,
c. Babies who got m assages felt better.
QSj Giving a m assage is as beneficial as getting one.
13
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-V
- getting one.
.. , :
NH
ƠN
?:
•
they do n’t m ạssage th eir
, ..........
GLOSSARY
- relaxing(adj) gây cảm giác dễ chịu
-depressed (adj) trầm cảm (depression)
- heart rate nhịp tim
TP
- resistariceto sức ñề kháng ñối với :
~ bone-marrow transplant sự cấy ghép
tùy xương
ĐẠ
O
- to is p ẹ ị^ s th UỊyñầy nhanh cái gì
- premature infant trẻ sinh thiếu tháng
.Q
UY
help s sm okers quit'sm oking.
- neurological (adj) thuộc thần kinh
- chronic (adj) mãn tính
- musde ache sự ñau nhức cơ bắp
- well-being trạng thái mạnh khỏe
- temple thái dương
- self-massage sự tự xoa bóp
HƯ
NG
- blood pressure huyết áp
ẦN
6
CẤ
P2
+3
10
00
B
TR
If we took a look a t how people in Europe com m unicated ju s t one .
h un d red years ago, we would be very surprised to find o u t th a t English
was hardly used outside the U nited Kingdom. The language m ost
comm only used between people of different nationalities, an d p articu larly the aristocracy, w as French. In fact, French w as th e lan gu ag e o f
diplom acy , cu lture and education. However, th a t is not the case
now adays. E nglish h a s replaced French a s the international language
of com m unication. Today there are more people who sp eak E nglish a s a
second language th a n people who speak it a s a first language.
-L
Í-
HÓ
A
There are m any reason s why English h as become the language of international com m unication. B ritain’s colonization of m any p a rts of the
world had som ething to do with it, but it is m ainly due to A m erica’s rise
to the position of m ajor world power. This helped spread popular
American cultu re throughout the world bringing th e language w ith it.
BỒ
ID
ƯỠ
NG
TO
ÁN
B ut is it good th at English h a s spread to all p a rts of the world so
quickly? Language specialists seem to be divided over this'i&^ue. There
are those who claim th a t it is im portant to have a language th a t th e
people in our increasingly globalized world have in comm on. According
to others, English is associated w ith a p articular culture an d therefore
prom otes th a t cu ltu re a t the expense of others. L inguists have suggested “E sp eran to”, an artificially put-together language, a s a solution
to international com m unication problem s b u t w ithout success. So,
English will continue being the world language u ntil some o th er la n guage, m aybe C hinese, w hich is the m ost widely-spoken native lan guage in the world, takes over a s the w orld’s internation al language in stead of English.
14
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A. educated people th rou ghout Europe spoke English.
B. foreign travelers to England spoke only French.
< ề French w as m uch m ore popular th an English.
D. only the French aristocracy could speak English.
NH
ƠN
1. According to the passage, a century ag o _____
-
ĐẠ
O
TP
.Q
UY
2. W hat is chiefly responsible for the growth in popularity of English?
A. B ritain’s becoming an international power.
B. The F rench losing m any colonies.
Am erica’s becoming powerful.
D. The developm ent of American culture.
ẦN
HƯ
NG
3. W hat is m eant by “the language of diplomacy” (lines 5-6)?
A. The language used by ordinary people.
B. The language used by the English an d the French.
The language used by the aristocracy.
The language used by governments.
10
00
B
TR
4. W hat is tru e according to the passage?
A. The experts d on ’t like Esperanto.
E speranto is difficult to learn.
E speranto is not a n a tu ra l language
D. E sp eran to is becom ing more and more popular.
(B)i undecided
P2
+3
5. Th£ experts' opinion on the spread of English is
(a / split
B. positive
c . negative
-L
Í-
HÓ
A
CẤ
6 . The a u th o r believes t h a t _____
A. English is easier to learn th a n Chinese.
English will probably be replaced a s an in tern ational language.
C hinese is going to be the next language of internatio nal com m unication.
D. C hinese is growing in popularity am ong non-native speakers.
BỒ
ID
ƯỠ
NG
TO
ÁN
7. These d a y s _____
French is the language of diplomacy,
m ore non-natives speak English th a n natives.
c . m ore people speak French th a n English.
D. French is a dying language.
8 . W hat would be a good title for this passage?
y O English: Past, Present and F uture
( b ) English a s an International Language
c . English language m eans English culture
D. English: a difficult language to learn
15
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: > 4
- áristocrạcýígíạjfcại3 qitytgc.:
' ' :jộẹ;ñjạ-
-a ;
thiệtìtiòi chòngủởi .khăc.
' :
:
The term “dyslexia” is used to describe a n u m b er of problem s asso ciated w ith reading, w riting or spelling. S hort-term m em ory, m ath em atics, concentration, personal organization a n d sequencing m ay also be
affected. We do not know exactly w hat cau ses dyslexia, b u t we-ño know
th a t it tend s to ru n in th e family. We also know th a t m ore boys suffer
from dyslexia th a n girls an d th a t dyslexia is m ore com m on in u rb a n
areas th a n in rural.
HƯ
NG
ĐẠ
O
TP
.Q
UY
7
NH
ƠN
GLOSSARY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUYNHON
TR
ẦN
One of the m ost com m on sign's of dyslexia is "reversals”. People w ith
this kind of problem often confuse letters like “b ” an d “d ” w hen reading
and writing or they som etim es read an d write w ords like “tip ” an d
“w on” a s “pit” and “now”. O ther com m on ch aracteristics are lack of
punctuation, m isspelling, m ixed-up sentence s tru c tu re an d poor
gram m atical construction.
—
CẤ
P2
+3
10
00
B
People are born with dyslexia, b ut it is only when they begin -to learn
to write th a t it becom es a noticeable problem . For children w ith dyslexia, going to school can be a trau m atic experience. Poor achievem ent
can m ake them feel frustrated an d insecure. They are re lu ctan t to go to
school an d som etim es even skip school altogether. Cheating, stealing
an d experim enting with d rugs can also occur w hen children regard
them selves as failures.
TO
ÁN
-L
Í-
HÓ
A
It is a com m on m isconception th a t dyslexic people are of inferior in telligence. Yet Albert Einstein, Leonardo da Vinci, T hom as Edison an d
H ans C hristian A ndersen were apparently all dyslexic. There is no total
cure for dyslexia; however, the effects of dyslexia can be lessened w ith
the guidance of skilled specialists an d a lot of determ ination.
ID
ƯỠ
NG
1. W hen does it becom e ap p aren t th a t a child m ay be suffering from
dyslexia?
w hen they are bom
\ B j w h e n they begin their education
c. w hen they use symbols instead of words
D. w hen they s ta rt talking
BỒ
2. According to the passage, dyslexic c h ild re n _____
m ight have behavioral problem s.
B. end u p taking drugs.
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c. look forward to going to school.
NH
ƠN
D. do well a t school.
TP
.Q
UY
3. The passage states th a t one common characteristic of dyslexics is
th a t they ______
A. have difficulty expressing their feelings.
B. are n ot able to read three-letter words,
c . have difficulty learning the letter “b”.
read w ords backw ards.
HƯ
NG
ĐẠ
O
4. The p urpose of th is passage is to inform readers t h a t _____
A. Albert E instein w as dyslexic.
B. it is difficult for dyslexics to get professional help.
X c ) dyslexics are as intelligent a s other people.
D. dyslexics are inferior to other people.
5. Who is more likely to be dyslexic?
ẦN
A. girls
B
TR
* B. children who live in the country
c . children who are not bright
children whose p a ren ts are dyslexic
00
6 . How can th e effects of dyslexia be m ade less severe?
CẤ
P2
+3
10
by learning to live w ith them
by learning a special skill
w ith professional help and hard work
by learning how to deal w ith failure
Í-
-L
ế
HÓ
A
7. According to th e passage, w hich of the following is tru e?
A. Dyslexia refers to a specific learning disability.
B. Dyslexic people become famous.
Dyslexia affects only reading an d writing skills
The ca u ses of dyslexia h av en ’t been fully explained.
TO
ÁN
GLOSSARY
trí nhớ sơ cấp
- mixed-up (adj) lộn xộn, rối loạn
- traumatic (adj) gây chấn thương
- frustrated (adj) chán nàn, thất vọng
- insecure (adj) bất an, không yên tâm
- sequencing khà năng [iên kết các sự
- to skip school bỏ học
kiện ...................
- to run ỉri thẹtapiHyxó tính di truyền
- reversal sự ñảo ngược
- misspelling sự ñánh vần sai
- misconception quan niệm sai jam
- inferior (adj) thấp kém
- to lessen làm giảm bớt, làm nhẹ ñi
BỒ
ID
ƯỠ
NG
- dyslexia chứng ñọc và viết khó - dyslexic (adj)
- short-term memory trí nhớ ngắn hạn/
17
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'• '■vBacỊcỊn'. Ị853, ị á t ' th e age of':24-V Levi ■S ^ ị i s s ‘ồi^neặ;.ía;.:w est co ast ,
. branch- of his. b ro th er’s dry goods b u sin e ss m; New York; . Oyer th e next
tw enty,y ẹ ^ s ^ ỉle b uilt his .business into a lucrative operation, y:
ĐẠ
O
TP
.Q
UY
One of Levi’s custom ers w as a tailor by the nam e of Ja c o b Davis.
Originally from Latvia, Jaco b lived in Reno, Nevada, an d regularly p u rchased bolts of cloth from Levi S tra u ss & Co. Among Ja c o b ’s custom ers
w as a m an who kept ripping the pockets on the p a n ts th a t Jac o b m ade
for him. Ja c o b tried to find a way to strengthen h is cu sto m er’s p a n ts
w hen, one day, it finally occurred to him . He decided to p u t m etal rivets
on the pocket corners an d a t the b ase of the b u tto n fly. It worked and
the p a n ts becam e an in sta n t success.
NH
ƠN
8
P2
+3
10
00
B
TR
ẦN
HƯ
NG
Jacob knew he h ad discovered som ething new an d w orried th a t
som eone m ight steal his idea. T h at’s why he decided to apply for a p a tent, b u t he did n ’t have the $68 th a t w as required for the paperw ork.
So, he tu rn ed to Levi S trau ss. He wrote him a letter suggesting th a t
they hold th e p aten t together. Being the b u sin essm an th a t he was,
S trau ss agreed im m ediately seeing the potential for th is new product.
So, on May 20, 1873, th e two m en received p a te n t n u m b er 139,121
from the u s P atent an d T radem ark Office an d w ent into b u sin ess together. T hat w as the day blue je a n s were bom . Who would have
th ought back th en th a t denim , th read an d a little m etal w ould becom e
the m ost popular clothing pro du ct in th e world an d it’s all th a n k s to
two m en - Levi S trau ss an d Jaco b Davis.
Í-
HÓ
A
CẤ
1. According to the passage, why did Jaco b w rite to Levi?
\ a ) He d idn 't have the necessary fu nds to get a p aten t.
B. Hẹ d id n ’t know how to apply for a p atent,
c. He h ad no one else to tu rn to.
D. He knew Levi h ad the right connections.
NG
TO
ÁN
-L
2. Which' of the following titles b est sum m arizes the con ten t of the
passage?
A. The Beginning of a Successful P artnership
B. The H istory of J e a n s
tci) How J e a n s Were Invented
D. The Lives of Levi S trau ss an d Jac o b Davis
BỒ
ID
ƯỠ
3. According to the passage, w hat happened in 1853?
A. Levi set u p a bu sin ess w ith his brother,
B. Levi moved to th e w est coast.
c. Levi becam e a successful businessm an.
Levi started working on h is own.
18
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