Tài liệu Cẩm nang ôn luyện thi đại học 18 chuyên đề hóa học 6

' C^m nang On luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chiiy6n H6a hpc - Nguyjn Van Hai CtyTNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t Bai 18: Qinyen de14 y: Phenol la cac hg-p cha't c6 n h o m - O H d i n h t r u e tiep vao v6n Luu benzen. D o v^iy, cac chat la phenol bao g o m (1), (4), (5), (6). o.* 1- ,, A N D E H I T ^ —> D a p an D . ^ ANDEHIT Bai 19: - A X I T C A € B O X Y L I € .,, , ^- a Cong thuc andehit 21 2 8 G Q I cong t h i i c cua X la CxHyOz. T a c 6 : x : y : z = — t j : — = 7 : 8 : 2 C7H8O2. , ->Xl^ , ,„....: rof - A n d e h i t no, d a n chuc: C.iH2n + i C H O n > 0 --^H*'^*: X C O 2 n h o m - O H . Cac cong t h u c cau tao thoa m a n : OH + • 0 < ra yjiidJ H}ii -UprA .., f-jo and ;^!ivt n i i i f q ht- < - ^M:} i l C ) OH5^(5 Danh phdp thong thucmg r.g Sf;.|> = 80t *f)^r: ~ H C H O : andehit fomic hoac fomandehit; OH <- « m m £ ' n 6 ) trh , nV • - A n d e h i t no, h a i chiic: CnH2n(CHO)2 n > 0 I,. D a n h p h a p V i X tac d y n g v o l N a t h u dvtgc so'mol k h i b a n g so m o l X da p h a n rnig nen •• m " i , j,, : , ir; ( C H 3 C H O : andehit axetic hoac axetandehit. + CH,OH Dfl«« phap thay the H C H O : metanal; C H s C H O : etanal; CH3-CH2- C H O : p r o p a n a l . c. T i n h chat hoa hpc . , , . CH,OH OH ' ^ ^H)'ttO«VlV.I*,^H|Jb ' Phan uns vai hidro W.H:>«^^^^^^^ CH3CHO + H 2 C H 3 C H 2 O H CH2OH + ..) , Phim img trdng bac ' , > ,' ' , :30n e o n g m > natki CH3-CHO + A g 2 0 + N H 3 - ^ CH3COONH4 + 2 A g R-CH0 + Ag20+ N H 3 - ^ ^ R C O O N H 4 + 2Ag H - C H O + 2 A g 2 0 + 2NH3 — ^ + + OH Oxi hoa ancol bqc I: C H 3 - O H + C u O ^ H C H O + C u + H2O CH3-CHO + C u + H2O + O2 Dim che andehit axetic: CH2=CH2 viDUMAU CM3 •• •' 3 . *V f' > CH3CHO ,f,,,, ' V i d u 1: D o t chay hoan toan 0,01 m o l m o t ancol X (no, m a c h h a ) can 0,8 gam D a p an D . J a;;+v:P©iia.i-r:>. qsG * CH3 -CH2- O H + C u O — I (NH4)2C03 + 4 A g d. D i e u che OH :>f: O2. Ne'u o x i hoa hoan toan 0,01 m o l X thanh andehit r o i d e m t h u c h i f n HO I 'X, HO.;H0 phan u n g t r a n g bac t h i so g a m bac t h u dug-c la (,j , j ^, t j , . , , , , , A. 4,32. D.2,l6. X g i i o t j tirfafcnfi 16M B. 6,48. f4r,KTt* ^ , 08 Taco: n ^ = — C. 8,64. Loigidi: Jf^f; • = 0,025mol. Nhan xet: N e u d o t chay 1 m o l X can 2,5 m o l O2. ( CnH2n.2.m(OH)m + ^ " ^ ~ O2 — ^ mi(XrJH nxig'i f:'^ £v''' • nC02 + ( n + 1)H20 301 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t Ca'm nang On luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chuy6n Si H6a hqc - Nguyjn Van Hi\ — > 3n + 1 - m _ _ ^ , = 2,5 —> m = 3n-4 Vi 4 (A-12): Hidrat hoa 5,2 gam axetilen voi xiic tac H g S 0 4 trong moi truong axit, d u n nong. Cho toan bg cac chat h u u co sau phan ung vao mgt Lieu y: Doi voi ancol ta c6: so'nhom chuc < so'nguyen tu C - > m < n . lugng du dung dich A g N 0 3 trong N H 3 thu dugc 44,16 gam ket tua. Hi^u - > m = 3n-4 < n - > n < 2. suat phan ling hidrat hoa axetilen la , .i) Mat khac: m > 0 - > m = 3 n ^ > 0 - > n > 1,33. A. 60%. Vay chi CO n = 2 v a m = 3.2 - 4 = 2 thoa man ->• X la C2H4(OH)2. (I < n ,s:((,.)Hr,)),f.;;Hn3 vkisihlm So do phan ling hoa hQc: HO-CH2-CH2-OH Mol: > HOC-CHO 0,01 C.92%. " , = 0,2 mol. Phan ung hoa hgc: ' ' .. r^f' , C H ^ C H + H2O V i d u 2: Qua trinh nao sau day khone tao ra andehit axetic? > CH3CHO i(}m k>m m:0 trong N H s de tao thanh ket tua. ' " 1 B. CH2=CH2 + O2 (t°, xvic tac). C . C H 3 C ( X ) C H = C H 2 + dung dich N a O H (t°). C H 3 C H O + Ag20 + NH3 — ^ ^ ' " ' ' Mol: CH2=CH2 + H 2 O - ^ ^ ^ ^ C H 3 C H O H2O Theo bai: 108.2a + 240(0,2 - a) = 44,16 CH3COOCH=CH2 + N a O H _^ H = - ^ ^ . 1 0 0 % = 8 0 % . - > D a p a n B . 0,2 ) CHsCOONa + CH3CHO , i t#H:> ->Dapr.nA. dugc so mol nude dung bang so' mol X phan ung. Mat khac, cho 0,05 mol X tac dyng voi lugng d u A g N O s trong dung dich N H s sinh ra m gam A g . Gia tri cua m la B.10,8. * C.5,40. , 1« nr. " o nx -> Moi andehit trong X deu chiia 2 nguyen tu H ho la H C H O va H O C - C H O . H a i andehit no, m^ch ft u Luu y: C a hai andehit deu tac dyng voi A g N O s trong NH3 va sinh ra 4Ag - > nAg = 4nx = 0,2 mol -»DapanD. m^g =0,2.108 = 21,6 gam. i,„,.,., , • :.H„ M r , rnifle, .... A. C n H 2 n ( C H O ) 2 (n>0). B. C n H 2 n - 3 C H O (^ ''^ D . C n H 2 n - l C H O (n > 2 ) . ' • !&R'i, , ^^S}^^' ^ + J. ..^ ^ + „ 27 , i gnfi i J —SiE = 2 . u + HO-cH>3 C h u n g la • Nhqn xet: N e u do't chay 1 mol X thu dugc 1 mol H2O. i e o r l g s w mm - > a = 0,16. trong N H 3 thu dugc 27 gam A g . Mat khac, hidro hoa hoan toan C . C n H 2 n + l C H O (n > 0). D . 21,6.. 0,2 - a to:*fi6 a i i d t goo.:) 0,25 mol X can vira dii 0,5 mol H2. Day dong dang cua X co cong thiic Lm gtat: - > So nguyen tu H trung binh trong X = H O V i d u 5: C h o 0,125 mol andehit mach ho X phan ung voi lugng d u dung dich AgN03 V i d^ji 3: Dot chay hoan toan hon hgp X gom hai andehit (no, mach ho), thu |j r 2a > AgCsCAg>l^ + 2NH4NO3 C a c phan ung hoa hoc: 0,2-a """ CH3COONH4 + 2 A g ^ Mol: a • ^ C H = C H + 2 A g N 0 3 + 2NH3 Lcri gidi: '° ) C H 3 C H 0 + c u + H 2 0 i A')::" Luu y: C H s C H O v a C H = C H (du) deu tac dung voi dung dich A g N 0 3 A. CH2=CH2 + H2O (t°, xuc tac HgS04). A. 43,2. , 5 2 = - > m Ag = 0,04.108 = 4,32 gam - > D a p an A. CH3CH2OH + c u o D . 70%. 'l^'^-'f 0,04 D . C H 3 C H 2 O H + C u O (t°). B.80%. Lofigidi: xj Jai ' )• 4Ag 0,01 , , , j^h^n xef ^ nx nx = 0,125 =2 X la andehit don chiic ^ = 2 - > Phan tu X chua 2 lien ket 71 = Loai A. X la andehit no, hai chtrc 0,25 hoac khong no (mgt noi doi C=C), don chuc Loai B (khong no, 1 noi ba hoac 2 noi doi, don chuc) va loai C (no, don chuc). ,, „. j,j; rr^ ; D a p an D . 303 e l m nang On luyjn t h i dgi hqc 18 chuytn dg H6a hQC - NguySn Van Hi\ Cty Jhr.- 1TV DWH Khang Vi$t Vi dv 6: Day gom cac cha't deu tac dung voi AgNOs trong dung dich NHs, la: J A. Andehit axetic, but-l-in, etilen. B. Andehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in J C. Axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. D. Andehit fomic, axetilen, etilen. Lai giai: Nhqn xet: Cac andehit hoac hidrocacbon c6 hidro dinh vao cacbon noi ba se tac dung dugc voi AgNOs/NHs. Loai A, B, D vi etilen ( C H 2 = C H 2 ) va but-2-in (CHj-C^C-CHs) khong phan ung. Dap a n C. i,73f"- Vi d\ 7: Oxi hoa 0,08 mol mpt ancol don chiic, thu dupe hon hpp X gom mot Vi 8: Cho cac chat: Axetilen, vinylaxetilen, andehit fomic, axit fomie, glucozo, metyl fomat. So chat trong day khu dupe AgNOs trong dung dich NHsla: . ,., , A. 2. B.3. C.4. D.6. L o t gidi: l^Ihan xet: Cac cha't eo nhom chue andehit moi khu dupe AgNOa trong dung dich NHa. Do la: Andehit fomic, axit fomie, glucozo, metyl fomat. Luu y: Cac hidrocacbon c6 hidro dinh vao cacbon no'i ba nhu axetilen, vinylaxetilen ciing eo phan ung vai AgNOa trong dung dich N H 3 nhung don thuan chi la phan ung trao doi: axit cacboxylic, mot andehit, ancol du va nude. Ngung ty toan bp X roi chia H C s C H + 2AgN03 + 2NH3 lam hai phan bang nhau. Phan mpt eho tac dving het vai Na du, thu duoc f C H 2 = C H - C s C H + AgNOs + N H 3 0,504 lit khi H2 (dktc). Phan hai cho phan ung trang bac hoan toan thu duoc 9,72 gam Ag. Phan tram kho'i lupng ancol bj oxi hoa la A. 50,00%. B. 62,50%. C. 31,25%. D. 40,00%. Lot gidi: f J:OM§AS B - S / ) !. Cac phan ung hoa hpc (tinh cho 0,04 mol ancol): 0)0{ £ + B£.80! ;i&d r [,,0 R-CH2-OH + - O 2 -> R - C H O + H 2 O 2 Mol: a * R-CH2-bH + 6 2 " 3 ialir;i(;ft*ufiw^^^^ m'. CH2=CH-C = CAgI + N H 4 N O 3 a fit o«. — Dap an C. > Vi du 9: Khi oxi hoa hoan toan 2,2 gam mpt andehit don chuc thu dupe 3 gam A. HCHO. nH2 = 0,0225 mol; n A g = 0,09 mol. > AgC = CAg^^ + 2 N H 4 N O 3 \ 0/05 mol. i i l i :t ,''((',1. = 44 -> R = 15 ( - C H 3 ) -> Andehit la CHaCHO Dap an D. Vi du 10: Dot chay hoan toan andehit X, thu dupe the tich khi CO2 bang the r R - C H 2 - O H du = 0,04 - (a + b); R - C H O = a; R - C O O H = b; H 2 O = a + b. tich hoi nuoc (trong ciing dieu kien nhift dp, ap suat). Khi cho 0,01 mol X Nhan xet: Khi cho phan mpt tac dung voi Na thi ca axit, ancol va nude deu tac dung voi mpt lupng du dung dich AgN03/NH3 thi thu dupe 0,04 mol phan ung. Ag.Xla 0,04 - (a + b) + b + a + b = 2 nH2 = 0,045 mol b = 0,005 mol. Khi cho phan 2 thuc hif n phan ung trang bac thi c6 2 truong hpp: + .< , i A. Andehit no, mach ho, hai chuc. B. Andehit fomic. Neu R 7i H — chi CO RCHO (a mol) eo phan ung trang bac. > C. Andehit axetic. nAg = 2a = 0,09 -> a = 0,045 >0,04 ^ Loai. iV' + trang bac. I D. Andehit khong no, m^ch ho, hai chuc. "' • • Lai gidi: Neu R = H ^ H C H O (a mol) va HCOOH (b mol) deu tham gia phan ung ^ ' "* ^^Mrrr...':: Nhan xet: Dot chay andehit X thu dupe ncoj = " H 2 O - > '-^ n^g = 4a + 2b = 0,09 ^ a = 0,02 mol; b = 0,005 mol. don chuc, mach ho — Loai A va D. > 304 %m.-,ncoibioxih6.n = ^ ^ . 1 0 0 % = -^^.100% = 62,5% 0,04 0,04 Dap an B. nAg=4nx X la andehit no, .= v„ >n w iidsi.nr;n; = v , Mat khac. khi X tham gia phan ung trang bgc: ^ ' •' y X la H C H O - ) - D a p an B. 305 Ca'm nang 6n luy^n thi dgi hqc 18 chuy6n dg H6a hpc - Nguygn Van HSi Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t V i d\ 1 1 : A n d e h i t n o mach h o X c6 cong t h i i c d o n gian nhat C2H3O. C o n g th\t^ Ta c6: a + b = 0,06; 4a + 2b = 0,22 p h a n tie cua X la A . C8H12O4. a = 0,05; b = 0,01. mx = 0,05.32 + 0,01.(R + 31) = 2,2 ^ B. C6H9O3. C. C2H3O. D . C4H6O2. R = 29 (CH3CH2-). ;?,v!,u ^.MSO ^ —> D a p an A . Lot giai: dii 14: De h i d r o hoa hoan toan 0,025 m o l h o n h g p X g o m hai andehit mach C o n g thuc andehit no, mach h o c6 dang CnH2n+2-m(CHO)m Theo bai, X C O d a n g C 2 . H 3 a O a . '-u.. ......i... ^ h o C O kho'i l u g n g 1,64 gam, can 1,12 l i t k h i H 2 (dktc). M a t khac, c i i n g l u g n g X t r e n p h a n l i n g v o i m g t l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h A g N 0 3 / N H 3 t h i t h u d u g c 8,64 Cho so n g u y e n t u C, H , O ciia hai cong thuc bang n h a u , ta c6: g a m A g . C o n g t h u c cau tao cua hai andehit t r o n g X la . i ><;'!, n + m = 2a; 2n + 2 = 3a; m = a ^ A . CH2=C(CH3)-CHO v a O H C - C H O . n = m = a = 2. X la C2H4(CHO)2 ^ D a p a n D . r^n-r - - ' ;, i , iu t B. O H C - C H 2 - C H O va O H C - C H O . C. C H 2 = C H - C H O va O H C - C H 2 - C H O . D . H - C H O v a O H C - C H 2 - C H O . V i d u 12: Cho h o n h g p k h i X g o m H C H O va H 2 d i qua o n g s u d u n g bgt N i Lot giai: , n u n g n o n g . Sau k h i p h a n u n g xay ra hoan toan, t h u d u g c h o n h g p k h i y Nhanxet:—^ g o m hai chat h i i u co. D o t chay het Y t h i t h u d u g c 11,7 g a m H 2 O va 7,84 lit nx k h i C O 2 (dktc). Phan t r a m theo the tich ciia H 2 t r o n g X la J A . 46,15%. B. 35,00%. C. 53,85%. ^ = 0 , 3 5 m o l ; nH^o ^ '••'•^ ' ^,v,.->-v-vf r • • «... - > X chi chua m g t andehit c6 kha nang tao ra 4 A g - > l o ^ i B v a D . D . 65,00%. Thvr 50:50: Lai giai: nco2 - = — — ==3,2 < 4 0,025 1 a N e u la A : X + y = 0,025; 2x + 4y = 0,08; =^-0,65mol. 70x + 58y = 1,64 - > V 6 n g h i f m - > loai A . NMn xet: Bai nay neu giai d u a theo p h u o n g t r i n h p h a n u n g se rat d a i dong N e u la C : X + y = 0,025; 2x + 4y = 0,08; 56x + 72y = 1,64 va m a t t h o i g i a n . X ( H C H a H2) — ^ Y - ^ ^ 2 _ ^ CO2 + H2O Bao toan n g u y e n to C: nucHO = "002 ^ %VH^ — ggn cua X la A.CH2=CHCHO. . 1 0 0 % - 4 6 , 1 5 % - > D a p an A . + N e u nx : nAg = 1:4 B. C H 3 O H , C 2 H 5 O H . C. C 2 H S O H , C 3 H 7 C H 2 O H . -> 306 0 22 11 i _= ^ _ = _ > 2 "andehit 3 X gom nA„ C H 3 O H (a m o l ) ^ XcochuaHCHO va R C H 2 O H (b mol). Loai. nx = 0,05 m o l > X la H O C - C H O D a p an B. A . H C H O va C 2 H 5 C H O . ' i Kfe LoaiCvaD. t I B. H C H O va C H a C H O . C. C 2 H 3 C H O v a C 3 H 5 C H O . ncuo = 0,06 m o l . Vi: M x = 2,9/0,1 = 29 AgN03/NH3, d u n n o n g t h u d u g c 32,4 g a m A g . H a i andehit t r o n g X la P h u o n g t r i n h hoa hgc: nancoi = nnndehit = D. CH.CHO. tiep n h a u t r o n g day d o n g dSng) tac d y n g v o i l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h 1 fi;)^„-:n. , R - C H O + Cu + H 2 O C. H C H O . , V i du 16: C h o 0,1 m o l h o n h g p X g o m hai andehit (no, d o n chvic, mach ho, ke D. C 2 H 5 O H , C 2 H 5 C H 2 O H . NMn xet: B.HOC-CHO. - > M x = 2,9/0,05 = 58 v o i l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h AgNOa/NHs, t h u dugc 23,76 g a m A g . H a i ancol la: A. C H 3 O H , C 2 H 5 C H 2 O H . r A + N e u nx : nAg = 1:2 - > nx = 0,1 m o l andehit can v u a d u 4,8 gam C u O . Cho toan b g l u g n g andehit tren tac dung ^ ' NMn xet: Cac chat t r o n g dap an chi trang bac v o i t i 1| m o l 1:2 hogc 1:4. *«<3 ;0f V i d\ 13: O x i hoa het 2,2 g a m h o n h g p X g o m hai ancol don chuc thanh R - C H 2 O H + CuO — ) Lot giai: ^ Lai giai: ^ 1 , d u d u n g d i c h AgNOs/NHs t h u d u g c 21,6 g a m A g . C o n g t h i i c cau tao t h u "^'B'S = ^'35 m o l - > n n j = 0,3 m o l . 0,35 + 0,3 , V i dv 15: C h o 2,9 g a m m g t andehit X mach ho, p h a n u n g h o a n toan v o i l u g n g Bao toan n g u y e n to H : nncHO + "H2 = i^HaO = 0,65 m o l . • M' , - > X = 0,01; y = 0,015 ^ T h o a m a n - > D a p an C. N e n ap d u n g bao toan n g u y e n to d u a theo so d o : • <•> \ D . C H 3 C H O va C 2 H 5 C H O . ' Lai giai: lUg = 0,3 m o l . I NMn xet: ^ =— =3>2 • nx 0,1 I-> ' ' ' , H o n h g p X c6 chua H C H O . A n d e h i t ke tiep la C H 3 C H O - > D a p an B. 307 dm nang On luygn thi dji hpc 18 chuyfin ii H6a hqc - Nguygn Van Hai " DV MAU 2. A X I T C A C B O X Y L I C - c;f?: '^fj ^it••'iM::>r?:)) a. C o n g t h u c (n > 0) hoac C m H 2 m 0 2 . A x i t no, hai chuc: CnH2n(COOH)2 - y i dy 1 : T i u n g hoa 5,48 gam hon h o p X g o m axit axetic, p h e n o l va axit + 0)hoac benzoic, can d i i n g 600ml d u n g dich N a O H 0,1M. Co can d u n g d i c h sau ,^ phan u n g , t h u d u g c m gam chat ran khan. Gia t r i ciia m la CmH2m-204. A x i t k h o n g no ( m o t noi d o i C=C), d o n chuc: C n H 2 n - i C O O H A. 8,64. Danh phdp thong thifotig Danh phap thay the ) \,;t1,>-ii ' no, dan chitc: C H 3 C H 2 C O O H {axit + Axit no, da chuc: HCOOH {axit fomic); HOOC-COOH {axit oxalic); HOOC-CH2-COOH ? Axit tham: C e H s - C O O H {axit benzoic). + xlK Tdcdungvaikim loqi: C H 3 C O O H + Na + Tdc dung vai muo'i , , nhi,<. •, )iJ ) , r |fihi"i ' '' BI ' ^ . ' iH.>sH " , "'^1 ' hop,...): > CHaBr-CHBr-COOH ^ ^' . - D o t chay axit no, d o n chuc, t h u d u g c so m o l CO2 bang so m o l H2O. — ^ nC02 + nHaO > Muoi ' an D. • M + H2O ioina^OO Imn - . ^ ,i ; , , ' s ^ ^,...,>( , •,. V i d v 2: D o t chay h o a n toan 10,8 gam h o n h g p M g o m m g t axit cacboxylic X (no, d o n chuc, m a c h ho) va m g t ancol d o n chuc Y, t h u d u g c 0,35 m o l C O 2 va 0,5 m o l H 2 O . Ten g g i cua este tgo thanh til-X va Y la A. M e t y l axetat. B. Etyl butirat. " -^^^ ' wJv, D . M e t y l propionat. T; ' ' Nhqn xet: X la axit no, d o n chuc, mach h d -> k h i d o t chay X t h u d u g c nC02-'^H20Mat khac, k h i d o t chay M , t h u d u g c n H 2 0 > "CO2 Y la ancol no, d o n chuc, m a c h h d . Ta cd: n y = n H j O ' " C O 2 = 0,15 m o l . ^ = 10,8 - 0,35.12 -1,0.1 = 5,6 ^ = 2nx + n y ^ r ,' , j , n o = 0,35 m o l . ' ^ ^, rix = 0,1 m o l - » n ^ = 0,25 m o l , -> M chua m g t chat chua 1 n g u y e n t u cacbon. Ne'u X c h i i a 1 n g u y e n t u cacbon A x i t k h o n g no c6 t i n h chat g i o n g anken ( l a m m a t m a u n u d e b r o m , t r i i n g + Phan ung dot chay NaOH — 0,35 -> S d n g u y e n t u cacbon t r u n g b i n h : C ( M ) = - r - r r = 1/4. (NH4)2C03 + 2 A g + Br2 Dap Nhqn thay: Tinh chat neng cua mot so axit H - C O O H + A g 2 0 + 2NH3 —• > mo > CH3COOC2H5 + 2H2O A x i t f o m i c c6 p h a n u n g trang bac: ' + Bao toan khd'i l u g n g : m ^ = n r i c + mj-i+ rriQ > CHsCOONa + C O 2 + H2O •< CnH2n02 + ( l , 5 n - l ) 0 2 ,'';5' N h a n thay: n H 2 0 = r ' N a O H = 0,6.0,1 =0,06 m o l . C . Etyl p r o p i o n a t . metacrylic). > CHsCOONa + 0,5H2 C H 3 - C O O H + C2H5OH < + . ' C H 3 - C O O H + NaHCOs + » < {axit \[ • / -A el Axit khong no (mot noi doi C=C), dan chuc: d . T i n h chat hoa hgc + axetic); propionic). C H 2 = C H - C O O H {axit acrylic); C H 2 = C ( C H ) 3 - C O O H {axit + {axit CH3COOH malonic); H O O C - ( C H 2 ) 4 - C O O H {axit adipic). + nmri n D- 6,80. ^^.^^ ^ j : ; m H 2 0 = m x + m w a O H - m H 2 0 = 5,48 + 0,06.40 - 18.0,06 = 6,80 g a m . c. Mot so axit thuang gap Axit So d o p h a n u n g : X Bao toan k h o i l u g n g : CH3 - C O O H : etanoic; CU^ - C H ( C H 3 ) - C O O H : 2-metylpropanoic. + B. 6,84. Jslhqn xet: X tac d u n g v d i N a O H theo t i le m o l 1:1 H C O O H : axit fomic; C H i C O O H : A x i t axetic; C 2 H S C O O H : axit propionic. + , , d (,v= C. 4,90. Loigidi: (n > 2) b. D a n h phap + -v^A ii! ^ 1 ^ ^, X la H C O O H = 0,1 m o l . ^ ^ , ' ' , Ggi Y la C n H 2 n . i O H = 0,15 m o l . T a c o : n r o , = 0,1.1 + 0,15.n = 0,35 -> n = 5/3 Loai. Vay Y chua 1 n g u y e n t u cacbon -> Y la C H 3 O H = Ggi X la CnH2n>iCOOH = 0,1 m o l . : a i 5 mol. ' ' . " JJ^^JI^ J^,,;. s^ r ^ ^. Ta cd: n c o 2 = 0,15.1 + 0 , l ( n + l ) = 0,35 -> n = 1 -> Y la C H 3 C O O H . -> C o n g t h u c este tao thanh t u X va Y: CH3COOCH3. - » D a p an A . i i-. Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t Vi 3: O x i hoa 0,1 mol mpt ancol d a n chiic, thu dug-c hon hgp X gom fslhdn xet: Y la axit no, da chuc, c6 mach cacbon ho, khong phan nhanh —> axit cacboxylic, mgt andehit, ancol d u v a nuoc. N g u n g tu toan bg X roi chjg K y chiia 2 nhom chuc (vi neu chufa t u 3 nhom chuc tro len, mgch cacbon se ur. lam hai phan bang nhau. Phan mgt cho tac dung het v a i N a d u , thu dug^ K phan nhanh). 3^;>c-•M^fc.b 0,784 lit khi H 2 (dktc). Phan hai cho phan u n g trang bac hoan toan thu dugc B Theo bai: nx = n ^ j = 0/1 mol. ,. , 10,8 gam A g . Phan tram so'mol ancol bi oxi hoa la H' K "' 0 26 ' So nguyen t u cacbon trung binh: C(X) = —— = 2,6. m Phan t u khoi trung binh: M(x) = A . 60%. B.65%. C.75%. < nH2 = 0/035 mol; nAg= 0,1 mol. \* Ggi cong thuc ancol la R - C H 2 - O H . D . 80%. - >: u-.f-> ' ilo. / ; f':<'' Htj«:/' ' C a c phan u n g hoa hgc (tinh cho 0,05 mol ancol): R - C H 2 - O H + io2 >M Vr. :• JiYP: £( rifi.r.^"ii hA i-*«»n,rf , Mat khac: M Y = 90 > 86,4 H . R - C H 2 - O H d u = 0,05 - (a + b); R - C H O = a; R - C O O H = b; H 2 O = a + b. Nhan xet: K h i cho phan mgt tac dung voi N a thi ca axit, ancol v a nude deu Neu X la H C O O H (a mol), ta c6: a + b = 0,1; a + nb = 0,26 v a m 46a + (14n + 62)b = 8,64 Neu R ,' B V$y: X la C H 3 C O O H (a mol), ta c6: a + b = 0,1; 2a + nb = 0,26 v a 60a + (14n + 62)b = 8,64 ^ a = 0,04; b = 0,06; n = 3 + a = 0,05 ^ a + b = 0,08 > 0,05 - > Loai. % m v - ^ ^ ^ ^ . 1 0 0 % = 27,78%-> Dap an B. ^ 8,64 ^ ''^ %nancoi bi o.i hoa = a = 0,01 mol; b = 0,03 m o l . ' ' ' 0,05 A . axit propionic. Theo bai, X c6 cong thuc la C . axit malonic. D . axit adipic. . (.^^j^^jcj |,,, CnHi.02.n. ^, ^ Cho cac nguyen tu tuong ung 0 hai cong thiic bang nhau, ta c6: ' ^ B . axit oxalic. Cong thuc chung ciia axit no, m^ch ho: CnH2n+2-m(COOH)m. .'-^ .100% = 80% - > D a p an D . - (CH02)n. Ten ggi ciia X la ' N e u R = H - > H C H O (a mol) v a H C O O H (b mol) deu tham gia phan ung trang bac. = 4a r 2b = 0,1 ^ ^^„h i./s,3e3 h) Q £v 8 jt,oJ V i d u 5: Axit cacboxylic X (no, mach cacbon h o c6 cong thuc thuc nghifm H — chi c6 R C H O (a mol) c6 phan u n g trang bac. > n^g = 2a - 0,1 ^ ^ a = 0,04; b = 0,06; n = 11/3 -> Loai. • phan ung. b = 0,03 mol. Ggi cong thuc ciia Y la CnH2n-204 (b mol). • K h i cho phan 2 thuc hi^n phan u n g trang b^c thi c6 2 truang hgpij^ ^ + Mx < 86,4 ^ X la H C O O H hoac C H 3 C O O H m Truong hop 2: N e u so cacbon ciia X < 2,6 ^ X la H C O O H hoac C H 3 C O O H . b - > 0,04 - (a + b) + b + a+b = 2 n H , = 0,07 mol ^ '? ^ 'V - '' / "• io'-ff I ••• -')•;'••• <; ) ^ p V o li v i so'cacbon ciia X > 2,6. Moi phan cua X gom: ^, ' HOOC-COOH. • . "* * i Truong hop 1: N e u so cacbon ciia Y < 2,6 -> Y chua 2 C (vi Y d a chuc) -> Y la m > R-COOH + H2O V b . • • Mgt axit chua so'nguyen tu cacbon < 2,6. C h i a 2 truong hgp: • >R-CHO +H2O R - C H 2 - O H + O2 Mol: ;jnr>fjf if>fl,{ r>- = 86,4. 0,1 H' H t--,:^,; 1 ,$ n + m = a; 2n + 2 = a; 2m = 2a ^ a = m = 2; n= 0. V i d^ 4: H o a hoi 8,64 gam hon hgp M gom axit X (no, d o n chuc, mach ho) va axit Y (no, d a chuc Y , mach cacbon ho, khong phan nhanh) thu dugc mot ^ X la ( C O O H ) 2 ^ C a u tao: H O O C - C O O H ^ Dap an B . V i d\ 6: C h o 12 gam axit cacboxylic X (no, don chuc) tac dung hoan toan vdi the tich hoi bang the tich cua 2,8 gam N 2 (do trong cung dieu ki§n nhi^t dP/ 200ml dung dich gom K O H I M va N a O H 2M. C o can dung dich thu dugc ap suat). Dot chay hoan toan 8,64 gam M , thu dugc 11,44 gam C 0 2 . Phan 35,6 gam hon hop chat ran khan. Cong thuc ciia X la v > tram kho'i lugng cua X trong M la A . 72,22%. B. 27,78%. C . 35,25%. Lot gidi: 2 8 • 1144 n v i , = — = 0,1 mol; nco-, =—'-—= 0,26 mol. 2 28 44 • 310 A. C 2 H 5 C 0 0 H ; ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ 65,15%! . '' « CHCOOH. B. C 3 H 7 C O O H . , ,, J J , ! D.CH3COOH,^,^^,,,,^,,g,., Lai gidi: N h a n thay bai cho axit phan u n g het -> hai bazo con d u , do v^y neu giai ^ . dua vao phuong trinh phan ling se rat kho khan. YI' 311 dm CtyTNHH nang On luygn thi dji hpc 18 chuy6n d8 H6a hgc - Nguyin Van H5i Tuy nhien, bai nay duoc giai nhanh chong khi ap dung bao toan khoi luono. niaxit + mbaza= mchat tin + mniroc ^ ' ^^ m H 2 0 = 12 + 0,2.56 + 0,4.40 - 35,6 = 3,6 gam -> D a p an D. ' C O 2 va a mol H 2 O . G i a tri ciia a la = 60 - » Axit la C H a C O O H . A. 0,2. B. C H 2 = C H C O O H v a C 2 H 5 C O O H , C. C H 3 C O O H va C2H5COOH. Nhan thay X chua 2 axit cacboxylic don chiic ^ chua 2 nguyen tu oxi no = 2 mol. Bao toan nguyen to O: no (COOH) + nc02~'^COOH ^' xj ^ u So nguyen t u H trung binh = = 2nH20 2.2 ,\ r 1 41 / ^ ^ !' ^ = — =4 no (X) = 2. So nguyen t u C trung binh = ^ ^ ^ ^ = M V^WM** _^ 0,7 + 2. , J t, > ,i, • = 2.0,35 = 0,7 mol. 22,4 22,4 : &: nx'r-i^ > '( = 2. 44 + nH,o ^ "H2O 1,1 = 0,8 + a * '\ a = 0,3 mol D a p an B. ( phan u n g het voi dung dich NaHCOa thu dugc 6,72 lit C O 2 (dktc). Dot chay hoan toan m gam X can 10,08 lit O 2 (dktc), thu dugc 24,2 gam C O 2 v a a gam H2O. G i a tri cua a la A. 3,6. -> Loai B v a D (vi cac axit chiia so'nguyen tu H > 4. + 2ncooH = 2 n c o 2 no(X) = Vi dy 10: H o n hgp X gom axit fomic, axit acrylic va axit oxalic. C h o m gam X 2 no, = 2 nco, + nH,o ' 2 + 2.2,4 = 2 n c o 2 + 2 -> n c o 2 = 2,4mol. - • Led giai: Bao toan nguyen to O: no (X) + 2 n o j = 2 n c o 2 Lai giai: ^ D . 0,8. ^han xet: K h i cho axit cacboxylic tac dung voi N a H C O a ta luon c6: D . C H 3 C O O H va C H 2 = C H C O O H . ->• no = 2ncooH = 2nx C.0,6. >v.j:: /:>.,•. A. H C O O H v a C H 3 C O O H . + B.0,3. » i mol X can 2,4 mol O 2 , thu dugc C O 2 v a 2 mol H 2 O . Cong thiic hai axit la ^ y i dy 9: H o n hgp X gom axit axetic, axit fomic va axit oxalic. K h i cho m gam X (Jot chay hoan toan m gam X can 4,48 lit khi O 2 (dktc), thu dugc 17,6 gam nH20= 0,2 mol. V i d u 7: H o n hgp X gom hai axit cacboxylic don chuc. Dot chay hoan toan i ' Khang Vi^t tac dung voi N a H C O a (du) thi thu dugc 7,84 lit khi C O 2 (dktc). Mat khac, • 12 Mat khac: n H 2 0 = n a x u - ^ Maxit = MTV I3VVH B. 7,2. " ' 7,t«.+Upx C . 8,4. D . 10,8. • Lai giai: mo3;VBa , ( ! ) <:> :^.<^(r..: " " x ""'"^ = 2,4 K h i cho axit cacboxylic tac dung voi N a H C O s ta luon c6: n c o 2 ~ ricooH ' -> Loai A (vi cac axit chua so'nguyen t u C < 2). Dap an D . V i dv 8: C h o cac phatbieu sau:^'' •>inoic{mq «/J (a) Andehit v u a c6 tinh oxi hoa vira c6 tfnh k h u . (b) Phenol tham gia phan ling the brom kho hon benzen.'™^'* S''" (c) Andehit tac d y n g voi H 2 (du) (xiic tac N i , t°) thu dugc ancol bac mot. (d) D u n g dich axit axetic tac dyng dugc voi Cu(OH)2. (e) D u n g djch phenol trong nuoc lam quy tim hoa do. ' " P (g) Trong cong nghif p, axeton dup-c san xuat tir cumen. So phat bieu diing la ^ A. 4. 6 72 2. - r — = 2.0,3 = 0,6 mol.., ( i i -> no(x) = 2ncooH = 2 n c o 2 ' '' B.3. C.5. •'*4i«>JS D.2. LbigiaU .:>inor,;' Bao toan nguyen to O : no(X) + 2 n o 2 = 2 n ( ; o 2 + n H 2 0 -> 0,6 + 2 ^ = 2. ^ . + nH20 ^ j,,jr.,0;i(f; n H 2 0 = 0^4 mol. . ^^v.,, >Ta'^''ri'^ " ^ H 2 0 = 0,4.18 = 7,2 g a m D a p an B. V i d u 11: T'-ung hoa 3,88 gam hon hgp X gom hai axit cacboxylic (no, don chuc, mach ho) bang dung dich N a O H vira dii, c6 can toan bp dung dich sau phan ling thu dugc 5,2 gam muoi khan. N e u dot chay hoan toan 3,88 gam X thi the tich oxi (dktc) can diing la A. 1,12 lit. , B. 4,48 lit. 'om t:,*' C . 3,36 lit. *,':jti , ^o.ii^. D . 2,24 lit. Lai giai: Phat bieu (b) sai v i phenol c6 the phan ung voi n u a c brom ngay 0 dieu ki?n thuong 6 tao thanh 2,4,6-tribromphenol. Ggi cong thuc cua hai axit: CfiH2n02. Phat bieu (e) sai v i dung djch phenol c6 tinh axit rat yeu, y e u hon ca axit Nhan xet: cacbonic nen khong c6 kha nang lam chuyen mau qui tim. 1 mol - C O O H > 1 mol - C O O N a khoi lugng tang 22 gam. Cac phat bieu dung: (a), (c), (d), (g) -> Dap an A . 1 f^'"''" g i K w r i q Ofiv mft 313 dm Cty TNHH M rv DVVH Khang Vigt nang On luy$n thi djii hpc 18 chuy6n 66 H6a hpc - Nguyin Van HAi Tang giarn kho'i l i r g n g : n x = — = 0,06 m o l . So'nguyen t u cacbon t r u n g b i n h = = nx ^ . M x =14n + 32 = ^ ^ = — 0,06 3 n = - . ruiel .nrjo^t . 3 , . , . , 7 K h i do't chay X: n ^ o j = riH20 ^ ^-^x ^ ~ •0'06 = 0,14 m o l . 3 -> VQ^ = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 l i t '^H20 D a p an C. nx C. (Y), (T), (Z), (X). X mfT> f(i + B. (X), (Z), (T), (Y). ; D a y cac chat d u g c sap xe'p theo chieu tang d a n t i n h axit la f, C2H5OH < CeHsOH < C H 3 C O O H < H C l , >fi s:(yti :cni>fkj 1*: ^ - > V 6 n g h i e m - > L o a i B. "^H* J V i d u 1 5 : H e n h g p M g o m hai axit cacboxylic d o n chuc X va Y (Mx > M Y ) C6 tong , j, kho'i l u g n g la 8,2 gam. C h o Z tac d u n g vira d u v o i d u n g d i c h N a O H , t h u . u , , , ,,iio,; dugc d u n g d i c h chiia 11,5 gam m u o i . M a t khac, neu cho M tac d y n g v o i m g t l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h AgNOa/NHs, t h u dugc 21,6 g a m A g . Ten go- ciia X la A . A x i t metacrylic. gidi: T h i i t u sap xe'p nhi?t d g soi: d i m e t y l ete < ancol etylic < axit axetic < axit ,? .^^ Ggi cong thuc ciia X la R C O O H . 22 5 § 2 Tang g i a m kho'i l u g n g : n j ^ = — ' ^ ' = 0,15 m o l propionic. Giai thick: D i m e t y l ete k h o n g tao d u g c lien ke't h i d r o , ancol etylic c6 lien ke't f A x i t p r o p i o n i c v a axit axetic c6 luc lien ke't h i d r o t u o n g d u o n g n h a u nhung C. A x i t p r o p i o n i c . D . A x i t fomic. Nhqn xet: V i M c6 p h a n u n g trang bac -> M chua axit H C O O H (Y) v a ny = = ^^'^ = 0 1 mol oii. 2 108.2 D.Y,T,X,Z. h i d r o n h u n g ye'u h o n axit cacboxylic. B. A x i t acrylic. Laigidi: d g soi la Lai ,±'.1 y:j. H J .'_ O I i-D . d i m e t y l ete (T). D a y g o m cac chat d u g c sap xe'p theo chieu tang d a n nhiet C. T, X, Y, Z . -/^ P Thoa m a n . V i di^ 13: C h o cac chat: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) va B.Z,T,Y,X. N e l l la A : H C O O H = x m o l , H O O C - C O O H = y m o l . -> x = 0,1; y = a 2 —^ D a p an C. > A.T,Z,Y,X. yi'ifi-ya.n -> n x = x + y = 0,3; n c o 2 = x + 3y = 0,5; n N a O H = x + 2y = 0 , 5 cmuV'. aori noi) ., srt <; > u ; i 1 o / i : : 4 n x = X + y = 0,3; n c o j = x + 2y = 0,5; nNaOH= x + 2y = a 5 . ' Laigidi: , 1 + N e u la B: H C O O H = x m o l , H O O C - C H 2 - C O O H = y m o l . , ^ D . (Y), (T), (X), (Z). '^'tr^ , = i,67 0,3 Thu 50:50: j , , „., sap xe'p theo tinh axit tang d a n ( t u trai sang - nx X chua m g t axit da c h u c - > L o a i C va D . ^'^^ phai) la: A . (T), (Y), (X), (Z). :i«f < y .w>:- 5 , So'nhom chuc - C O O H t r u n g b i n h = ^ ^ M . = UNaOH ^ M V i d u 12: Cho cac chat H C l (X); C2H5OH (Y); C H 3 C O O H (Z); CsHsOH (phenol) (T). D a y g o m cac cha't dugc iji;ii.^,.,ti. , - J •ij.-j.f X chua axit fomic: H C O O H . ^ Bao toan n g u y e n t o ' O : 2n x + 2no2 = 2nco2 = 1,67. 0,3", n x = 0,05 0,1.46 + 0,05.(R + 45) = 8,2 -> R = 27 (C2H3). -> X l a C H 2 = C H C O O H - > DapanB. ,„ (-•••< V ) »,' '• •V axit p r o p i o n i c c6 kho'i l u g n g p h a n t u Ian h o n nen c6 n h i ^ t d g soi cao h o n . 3. B A I T A P O N - > D a p an A . Bai 1: Cho 2,25 g a m m g t andehit X ( d o n chuc, mach h o ) p h a n u n g v o i l u g n g L U Y E N V i d y 14: C h o h o n h g p X g o m h a i axit cacboxylic (no, mach cacbon khong d u d u n g d j c h AgN03/NH3, d u n nong. L u g n g A g sinh ra cho p h a n l i n g he't k p h a n n h a n h ) . Do't chay hoan toan 0,3 m o l X, t h u d u g c 11,2 l i t k h i CO2 v o i axit HNO3 loang, thoat ra 2,24 l i t k h i N O (san p h a m k h u d u y nhat, d o 6 (dktc). N e u t r u n g h o a 0,3 m o l X t h i can d i i n g 500ml d u n g d i c h N a O H i M dktc). C o n g t h u c ca'u tao t h u g g n cua X la H a i axit d o la: A.CH3CHO. .,t, A. H C O O H , H O O C - C O O H . C. H C O O H , C 2 H 5 C O O H . tiw'g It B. H C O O H , H O O C - C H 2 - C O O H . ^ D. H C O O H , CHsCOOH. Laigidi: "CO? = ^ 314 11 2 •:rrT = 0,5 m o l ; 22,4 nNaOH= 0/5.1 = 0,5 m o l . 2: ' B.HCHO. ' C. C2H.SCHO. .' D.CH2=CHCHO. Cho 0,1 m o l andehit X tac d u n g v o i l u g n g d u d u n g d i c h AgN03/NH3, d u n n o n g t h u d u g c 43,2 g a m A g . H i d r o hoa X t h u d u g c Y, bie't 0,1 m o l Y - itftr .rr. i „.„ p h a n u n g v u a d i i v o i 4,6 g a m N a . Cong thuc ca'u tao t h u g g n cua X la A. H C H O . B. C H 3 C H O . C.OHC-CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CHO. f 315 Ca'ni iiantj on liiySii thi dai lipc V, chuySn H6a hpc - NguySn VSn H5i Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t Bai 3: Dot chay hoan toan a mol mot andehit X (mach ho) tao ra b mol C O 2 va mol H 2 O (biet b = a + c). Trong phan ung trang bac, mpt phan tu X chi cho 2 i electron. X thuoc day dong dang andehit A. no, don chuc. , B. khong no c6 hai noi doi, don chuc. ; i| ji.ij,..s>mi, ,, A. 17,8. • ' ' gai 1^- • ^;eS;0<' , . - Bai 5: D u n nong V h't hoi andehit X (mach ho) voi 3V h't khi H 2 (xuc tac Ni) de'n khi phan ung xay ra hoan toan thu dugc hon hgp khi Y c6 the tich 2V lit (cac the tich khi do 6 cung dieu kien). Ngung tu Y thu duoc chat Z ; cho 2 , tac dung voi N a sinh ra H2 c6 so' mol bang so' mol Z da phan ling. Chat X la andehit ; "git(?ui A. khong no (mot no'i doi C = C ) , hai chiic. it j|itiji; C.10,5. D . 8,8. 8 ° " ^ andehit X (no, don chuc, mach ho) va hidrocacbon Y, c6 tong so mol la 0,2 (nx < nv). Dot chay hoan toan M , thu B. C2H2. C . C3H6. D. C2H4. Bai 11: H o n hgp 1,89 gam hon hgp gom hai andehit don chiic X va Y (Mx < M Y ) tac dung voi mot lugng d u AgN03/NH3, thu dugc 18,36 gam A g va dung dich E . C h o E tac dung voi dung djch H C l (du), thu dugc 0,784 lit khi CO2 (dktc). Ten cua Y la 'OUy.j..^.:i. .-.J , .A.) • u..- .... A. Andehit axetic. B. Andehit acrylic. :\V'}H >, C. Andehit propionic. D . Andehit butiric. Ofiun Bai 12: Trong cong nghiep, axeton dugc dieu che'tu A. C u m e n . B. no, hai chuc. B. Propan-l-ol. C . Xiclopropan. "'"'^ D . Propan-2-ol. lugng Ion hon khoi lugng M la 1 gam. Dot chay hoan toan M thu dugc 30,8 '^"v Bai 6: C h o X la mot andehit mach ha. '''' ' gam CO2. Cong thuc va phan tram so mol cua X Ian lugt la C h o 0,25 mol mot andehit mach ho X phan ving v a i lugng d u dung djch A. H C H O va 60%. B. C H 3 C H O va 60%. AgNOa/NHa, thu dugc 54 gam A g . C. C H 3 C H O va 40%. D . H C H O va 40%. : £ K h i cho X phan ung vai H 2 d u (xiic tac N i , t°) thi 0,125 mol X phan ung het voi 0,25 mol H 2 . ^ ' :'l^fi.' '^.rt?|f,::^: A. C n H 2 n ( C H O ) 2 (n > 0). _ C . C n H 2 n - i C H O (n > 2). ^ B. C n H 2 n . i C H O (n > 0). J" ' d u dung djch AgN03/NH3, thu dugc 43,2 gam ket hia va dung djch chua 17,5 gam muo'i amoni ciia hai axit hiiu CO. G i a trj cua m la iamj: B. 10,9. C . 14,3. D. Tong so' cac nguyen tu trong mot phan tu Y la B. 7. C . 6. ' * vq\„, D . 9. K./;t.| ,.rr , Bai 15: Dot chay hoan toan 7,6 gam hon hgp M gom mgt axit cacboxylic X (no, don chuc, mach ha) va mgt ancol dan chuc Y (c6 so nguyen tu cacbon trong phan tu khac nhau) thu dugc 0,3 mol C O 2 va 0,4 mol H 2 O . T h u c hien phan ung este hoa 7,6 gam hon hgp tren vai hi^u sua't 80% thu dugc m gam 10,2. Bai 8: H o n hgp X gom hai ancol (no, don chvic, mach ho, ke tiep nhau trong day dong dang). Oxi hoa hoan toan 0,2 mol X c6 khoi lugng m gam bang C u O a nhiet dg thich hgp, thu dugc hon hgp san pham huu ca Y . C h o Y ta^" dung voi mot lugng d u dung djch AgN03/NH3, thu dugc 54 gam A g . G''^ trj cua m la A. 15,3. chay hon hgp M thu dugc CO2 va H2O c6 so mol bang nhau. C h o 0,10 mol A. 10. D . C n H 2 n - 3 C H O (n > 2). Bai 7: C h o m gam hon hgp etanal va propanal phan ung hoan toan voi lugng A . 9,5. Bai 14: H o n hgp M gom hai andehit X va Y, trong do Mx < M Y < l,6Mx. Dot hon hgp M vao lugng d u dung djch AgN03/NH3 thu dugc 0,25 mol Ag. Chat X CO cong thuc ung voi cong thuc chung la 316 T-r,v>',. mach ha, dong dang ketiep, Mx < M Y ) , thu dugc hon hgp hai ancol c6 khoi D. no, don chuc. - ' Bai 13: Hidro hoa hoan toan hon hgp M gom hai andehit X va Y (no, don chuc, C . khong no (mot no'i doi C = C ) , don chuc. - '^^P ^ A. CH4. B. C 2 H S O H , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 . D. H C O O C 2 H 3 , C2H2, CH3COOH. C. C2HSOH, C2H2, C H s C O O C z H s . B.24,8. dugc 8,96 lit khi CO2 (dktc) va 7,2 gam H2O. Cong thiic phan tu ciia Y la Bai 4: Day gom cac chat deu dieu che true tiep tao ra andehit axetic la: A. C H 3 C O O H , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 . 17,92 lit khi O2 (dktc). G i a tri cua m la r - v v mach ho, ketiep nhau trong day dong dSng) thu dugc (m + 1) gam hon hgp hai ancol. Mat khac, khi dot chay hoan toan m gam X thi can v u a du C . khong no c6 mot noi doi, don chuc. >J « - v'srtt eb :l i x t iom (A, .10 D. no, hai chuc. p^i 9: Hidro hoa hoan toan m gam hon hop X gom hai andehit (no, don chiic, este. G i a tn ciia m la A. 8,16. B. 4,08. C . 2,04. D . 6,12. Jai 16: H o a h a i 7,32 gam hon hgp M gom axit X (no, d a n chuc, mach ha) va axit Y (no, da chuc, mach cacbon ha, khong phan nhanh) thu dugc mgt the tich hoi bang the tich cua 3,2 gam O2 (do trong cung dieu kien nhiet do, ap suat). Dot chay hoan toan 7,32 gam M, thu dugc 10,12 gam C O 2 . Cong thuc t B . 13,5. C.8,1. D . 8,5. O ca'u tao cua X, Y Ian lugt la 317 Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang ViQt dm nang On luy^n thi dgi hgc 18 chuy6n dfi H6a hpc - Nguyjn Van Hai A. H - C O O H va H O O C - C O O H . B. C H 3 - C O O H va H O O C - C H 2 - C H 2 - C O O H . C . C H 3 - C H 2 - C O O H va H O O C - C O O H . ' ' ' r ' ^ " ' D. C H 3 - C O O H va H O O C - C H 2 - C O O H . 1 ^ .i>- ' 4 Hl/CyNG D A N - L 6 1 G I A I pail: SO do phan ung: R - C H O Bao toan electron: Bai 17: C h o 5,92 gam axit h u u co X (don chuc, mach ho) tac dyng het v6i ..^••ri.S. -••'•^f-..'.Hpw:..i..,.:.sy ^ ^^^"^^ nAg = 3 n N O > Ag ^ "^"^ > NO. = 0,3 mol. * •' " • ]Slhan xet: Cac cha't trong dap an chi trang bac voi ti le mol 1:2 hoac 1:4. C a C O s thu dugc 7,44 gam muoi cua axit huu co. Ten gpi cua X la + Neu nx : nAg = 1:2 - > nx = 0,15 mol - > Mx = 2,25/0,15 = 15 - > Loai. A. axit metacrylic. + Neu nx : UAg = 1:4 nx = 0,075 mol Mx = 2,25/a075 = 30 X la H C H O - > D a p an B. iou y..m) B. axit acryhc. C . axit propionic. D . axit fomic. Bai 18: Hai chat X va Y co cung cong thuc phan tu C2H4O2. Chat X phan ung dugc voi kim loai N a va tham gia phan ung trang bac. Chat Y phan ling duoc voi kim loai N a va hoa tan Augc CaCOs. Cong thuc cua X, Y Ian lugt la: A. H O C H 2 C H O , C H 3 C O O H . B. H O C H 2 C H O , H C O O C H 3 . C. CH3COOH, HOCH2CHO. D. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH. Bai 19: Trung hoa 8,2 gam hon hop M gom axit fomic va mot axil don chuc X can 100ml dung dich N a O H 1,5M. Neu cho 8,2 gam M tac dung voi mot luong d u dung d}ch AgNOs /NH3, dun nong, thu dugc 21,6 gam A g . Ten gpicuaX-la A. Axit acrylic. ^foi'l'^'HRCloi'^L B. Axit propanoic. ' deu tac dyng voi Na; X tac dung dugc voi N a H C O s con Y co kha nang tham gia phan ung trang bac. Cong thuc cau tao cua X va Y Ian lugt la A. C2H5COOH, HCOOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H5, H O C H 2 C O C H 3 . C. HCOOC2H5, H O C H 2 C H 2 C H O . D . C2H5COOH, C H 3 C H ( O H ) C H O . Bai 21: Cho hai chat h u u co X, Y (chiia C , H , O ) co Mx < M Y < 82. C a X va Y deu CO kha nang tham gia phan ling trang bac v a deu phan ung dvqic voi dung dich K H C O 3 sinh ra khi CO2. T i khoi hai cua Y so voi X co gia tri la B. 1,61. C . 1,57. D . 1,91. Bai 22: H o n hgp X gom H C O O H v a C H 3 C O O H (ti 1? mol 1:1). L a y 5,3 gam X tac dyng voi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (co xuc tac H2SO4 dac) thu dugc m gam estc (hieu suat cua cac phan ung este hoa deu bang 80%). G i a tri ciia m la A. 10,12. B.6,48. C.8,10. D . 16,20. Bai 23: K h i cho a mol mgt hgp chat huu co X (chua C , H , O ) phan ung hoan toan voi N a hoac voi N a H C 0 3 thi deu sinh ra a mol khi. Chat X la A. Etylen glicol. * •••'•V ^ o;. N M „ . . , : ^ =M =4 ^ L o , i B v a D . nv 0,1 Ma: ny = 0,1 ' = 2 ^ Y la ancol hai chuc - > X la andehit hai chuc. ->DapanC. d Nhan xet: K h i dot chay X : a = b - c - > n x = UQQ^ -nyi^ XVa andehit chua 2 lien ket TT (vi X mach ha) - > X la no, hai chuc hoac khong no (mgt noi doi C=C), don chuc. :~: ^ ' Mat khac, trong phan ung trang bac, mgt phan t u X chi nhuang 2 electron - > X la andehit don chuc. - > X la andehit khong no (mgt noi doi C=C), don chuc, m^ch ho -^DapanC. ^ » Bai 4: Nhan xet: Bai nay kiem tra kien thuc ve dieu che. Cac phan ung hoa hgc: C2H5OH + C u O '° ) C H 3 C H O + C u + H2O 2CH2=CH2 + O 2 2 C H 3 C H O C H < : H + H2O ->DapdnB. "^^^„"^ > C H 3 C H O , ,,, .. : ;3gH sofl finfrJ grir" • : .^amc^r- '•H^i'- B a i 5: Nhan xet: Phan ung hoan toan - > X phan ung het (V lit), H2 con du. D . Axit 3-hidroxipropanoic. The tich H2 da phan ung = 3V - V = 2V . Bai 24: Bon cha't dong phan sau day deu co phan tir khoi bang 60. Chat nao co nhiet dp soi cao nhat? A.HCOOCH3. •31« • B. Axit adipic. C . Ancdl o-hidroxibenzylic. C. HOCH2CHO. ;' nAg = 0,4 mol, nNa = 0,2mol. '" •"^.mfrm... C . Axit etanoic. D . Axit metacrylic. Bai 20: H a i hgp chat h u u co X, Y co cung cong thuc phan t u C3H6O2. C a X va Y A. 1,47. Bai2: s ^- B.CH3COOH. 4, , ^ D . CH3CH2CH2OH. -> ^ = ^ = 2 ^ phan tu X CO 2 lien ket n. Vx V ^ : 0 ot ' nioi ^^ ' ' X la no, hai chuc hoac khong no (mgt noi doi C = C ) , dan chuc - > Loai A va D . •^19 Ca'm nang 6n luyen thi dgi hpc 18 chuySn dg Hoa hpc - Nguyin Van Hii Cty TNHH IVITV DWH Khang Vigt Ma ancol Z tac dung vol N a thu dugc nj^^ = nz gai 10: n c o i = — Z 2 chiic - > X la andehit hai chiic — Dap an B. > > Bai6: , i'»„' , , chay cho n c o 2 = ^Ae 05 Nhan xet: — — = —-— = 2 -> X la andehit don chiic -> L o a i A. • . nv 0,25 , .•. nx -> chay cung tao ra n c o 2 = CH3-CHO Mol: ' ^ Cong thiic nM ^=2 . ^ , , , ' .„^ r • ,,.„„; ,u -> N e u Y la C2H4 thi X la C H s C H O (deu chua 2 nguyen hi' C ) . , .' ' ' T h u dap an C : Y la C3H6 (a mol) v a X la H C H O (b m o l ) . .Ur^ a + b = 0,2; a + 3b = 0,4 - > a = b = 0,1 - > Loai vi theo bai nx < nY ^ Dap an D . ^AgN03^NH3 ^ CH3COONH4 + 2Ag. a c C2H5-CHO Mol: Bai 11: 2a Nhan xet: K h i cho E + axit H C l giai phong khi C O 2 ^AgN03^NH3 ^ C2H5COONH4 + 2Ag. b b^-^.'.' • Ta c6: 2a + 2b = 0,4; 77a + 91b = 17,5 2b So do phan ling: HCHO ^, Mol: a = 0,05; b = 0,15. m = 0,05.44 + 0,15.58 = 10,9 gam - > Dap an B. Mol: = — = 2 , 5 < 4 - > Y chua H C H O . 1011 ny 0,2 n, . / ^ ^ ^ • — H a i ancol la C H s O H va C2H5OH (vi hai ancol la dong dang ke tiep). > So do phan u n g C2H5OH "^0"° > H C H O ) CH3CHO ^ 4a "W^NH, b ^ > CO2 a • ^ 2Ag + R C O O N H 4 2b ' ' a ' -v,^''^'^•••> , n.>d;f>n>t n-Jiunno'e ^ , w / ' -' " mx = 0,035.30 + (R + 29).0,015 = 1,89 - > R = 27 ( C H 2 = C H - ) . *• '' ~> Y la andehit acrylic - > Dap an B. , •'' A . "' Luu y: Trong cong nghiep, khi oxi hoa cumen (isopropylbenzen) bang oxi roi thiiy phan trong dung dich H2SO4 loang se thu dugc axeton v a phenol: ^AgN03.NH3 ^ 2Ag. C 6 H 5 C H ( C H 3 ) 2 + O2 — C e H s O H T a c6: a + b = 0,2; 4a + 2b = 0,5 - > a = 0,05; b= ai5. - > Dap an A. Bai 13: - > m = 0,05.32 + 0,15.46 = 8,5 gam - > Dap an D . Bai 9: Tang giam kho'i lugng: nx = "^"^^"^"^"^ > 4Ag + (NH4)2C03 Bail2: ^ASN03^NH3 ^ + CH3COCH3 '' ^ . - ^ ^ — ^ Phuong trinh hoa hoc: R - C H O + H2 — Phuong trinh hoa hpc: R - C H O + H2 — ••;^* TXQQ^ So nguyen tu C trung binh = = ni^20- -> 0,5 + 2.0,8 = 2 nco2 + ^^HzO -> 3 nco2 = 2,1 -> n c o j = n H 2 0 = 0,7. = -> Andehit ke tiep la C H 3 C H O . Bao toan nguyen to O : 1 .nx + 2 TYQ^ = 2 n^Q^ + n^^Q , mx = mco2 + ^H20- r"02 = 0'7-44 + 0,7.18 - 0,8.32 = 17,8 gam->' D a p an A = 1,4 X c6 chua H C H O . •«« Ta c6: a + b = 0,5; a + 2b = 0,7. 1 a = 0,3; b = 0,2 %nHCHO = .:h^'-' if' •* Dat: H C H O = a mol; C H 3 C H O = b mol. Bao toan khoi lugng: 320 T^H20 Neu Y la C3H6 thi X la H C H O (chua so'nguyen tu C Ion hon v a nho hon 2). So do phan ung: 3 T^H20 So nguyen tu C trung bmh = = ^' = 2 ^ phan tu X chiia 2 lien ket 7i — X la no, hai chuc hn3„ > 0,125 ^ Bai 7: ^ , cua Y CO dang CnH2n -> Loai A, B. khong no (mpt no'i doi C=C), don chiic — Loai B v a D —> D a p an C . > . „ , , 7,2 = 0,4 mol; n H 2 0 = =°'^ Nhan xet: n c o 2 = i^H20 • D o X la andehit no, don chuc, mach ho, nen khi H,n t < 1 > .) 8,96 ^1 ' ' ' • •5^-^°°°/° = ~^ ' . j , ; j ^. 321 {Jarn riang 6ii luySf: ilii dai noc 18 chuyen tie l!6a lioc Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t Myiiyt-in V3n HSi Bail4: Nhqn xet: D o t chay M t h u d u g c 11^02 = r'H20 chuc, mach ho. M chiia 2 andehit no, (J^j^ " ' ' ' ' ; ; Nhanxet: nvAnu'^ la ) . 1 - u^tn X l a axit no, d o n chuc, m a c h h o ifJl i H . ^ c! iIJ».i I i,i ' . i ' ' Bao toan k h o i l u g n g : m ^ = m c + ' — - 1 molRCOOH 744. _ - > nx = • ' Ta c6: n c o j = 0,05.1 + 0 , l . n = 0,3 ^ n = 2,5 -> Loai. Ta c6: nco2 " ^'^"^ + a05(n+l) = 0,3 < -> n = 3 -> Y la C3H7COOH._ > C3H7COOCH3 + H2O .5 ( 0,04 , ' j r " < ,11 ' > ^ mol(RCOO)2Ca k h o i l u g n g tang 19 gam. c; 9 2 ' ''iM;saU = 0,08 m o l X la C H 3 - C H 2 - C O O H D a p an C. ' ' - - • ' '< ' - " v ' '^-''>'' X tac d u n g d u g c v d i N a va c6 p h a n u n g trang bac —> X chua ca n h o m chuc - O H va - C H O - > X la H O C H 2 C H O . ' i fWi <|6'J s Loai C v a D . + Y p h a n u n g d u g c v o i k i m loai N a va hoa tan d u g c CaC03 Y la axit - > D a p an A . Bail6: '"'-^^.u 3'2 , 10,12 , "02 = ^ = O'l m o l ; nco2 = — - ; - = 0,23 m o l . 32 " ^ 4 4 Nhanxet: + cacboxylic - > Y la C H 3 C O O H . = 0,04.102 = 4,08 g a m ^ D a p an B. ' 3 " Nhqn xet: Y la axit no, d a chiic, c6 mach cacbon ho, k h o n g p h a n n h a n h -> ^ chiia 2 n h o m chuc ( v i neu chua t u 3 n h o m chuc t r o len, m a c h cacbon s5 "• Bai 19: • Ggi cong t h u c ciia X la R - C O O H . 1 1 T h e o b a i : ny[QQQi^= — n^^=—.0,2 < M '" ' " i 1 M l ' = Q,'\.mo\. >^NaOH=0'15-> n H C O O H + n R - C O O H = 0 ' 1 5 -> m = 0,1.46 + 0,05.(R + 45) = 8,2 : „ BailS: CnH2n.iCOOH = 0,05 m o l . 322 j MRCOOH = 5,926/0,08 = 74 ^ Vay Y chua 1 n g u y e n h i cacbon -> Y la C H s O H = 0,1 m o l . G g i X la Theo b a i : n x = no2 T^P,1 m o l . . f i i j'• , , ,M Nhqn xet: Tang -giam kho'i l u g n g CnH2n.iOH = 0,1 m o l . phan nhanh). _ ^ ' • ' , N e u X chua 1 n g u y e n t u cacbon -> X la H C O O H = 0,05 m o l . G o i Y la - > meste , "• Bail7: 1 n g u y e n t u cacbon. 0,05.80% , \^ ^ a = 0,07; b = 0,03; n = 3 M a t khac, X, Y c6 so n g u y e n t u cacbon khac nhau -> M chua m o t chat chua Mol: J -> Y la H O O C - C H 2 - C O O H - > D a p an D. _, 0/15 Phan u n g este hoa: C3H7COOH + CH3OH , •^ T a c 6 : a + b = 0 , l ; 2a + nb = 0,23 va 60a + (14n + 62)b = 7,32 ^ 03 So n g u y e n t u cacbon t r u n g b i n h : Q M ) = —— = 2 . , ,, a = 0,07;b = 0,03;n = 16/3-> Loai. Vay: X la C H 3 C O O H (a m o l ) .. -> m o = 7,6 - 0,3.12 - 0,8.1 = 3,2 -> n o = 0,2 m o l . Nhqn thay: XXQ = 2nx + n y -> n x = 0,05 m o l -> n ^ = 0,15 m o l •j Ta c6: a + b = 0,1; a + nb = 0,23 va 46a + (14n + 62)b = 7,32 ' H i , 1 '.Vi -.jij mo N e u X la H C O O H (a m o l ) , ' -> X la H C O O H hoac C H s C O O H . Ggi cong thuc cua Y la CnH2n-204 (b m o l ) . Y la ancol no, d o n chuc, m a c h ho. Ta c6: n y = n ^ ^ o - I ^ C O T = 0 ' 1 iTiol. ^ 1 X la H C O O H hoac C H 3 C O O H M x < 73,2 + J r u o n g h o p 2: N e u so cacbon ciia X < 2,3 k h i d o t chay X t h u d u g c nco2 = ^n20- ^ ' uC • a V 6 If v i n g u y e n t u cacbon cua X > 2,3. li t l i J i ^ , khac, k h i d o t chay M , t h u d u g c n ^ j o > "002 ' HOOC-COOH. M a t khac: M Y = 90 > 73,2 ( i ,M .1 nb.l'V'i ^ T r u o n g h o p 1: N e u so cacbon cua Y < 2,3-> Y chua 2C ( v i Y d a chuc) -> Y DapanB. , ^ w) a ) w > > f T B t ^ d ' . 4 *!J Bail5: .,.,1.,.., • .I'M. • -> M o t axit c h u a so'nguyen t u cacbon < 2,3. Chia 2 t r u o n g h g p : - > M chua H C H O (X, M x = 30) - > 30 < M Y < 1,6.30 = 48 YlaCHsCHO^ 'J' 7 32 p h a n t u k h o i t r u n g b k i h : M(x) = = 7 3 , 2 . > I t ' ' " , Matkhac: 2 < - ^ = - ! : ^ = 2,5<4 Mat — 0,23 So'nguyen t u cacbon t r u n g b i n h : C(X) = ' = 2,3. . H R . C O O H ^ O'^^- R = 27 (CH2=CH-). X la C H 2 = C H C O O H ( A x i t acrylic) -> D a p an A . .•a' • 323 Ccim nang On luy^n thi d ? ! hpc 18 chuySn d6 Hoa hpc - NguySn Van HIi rhuyen de 15 Bai 20: Nhanxet: + • ' ''''' ' ^"•'•'^ '' • X p h a n l i n g dxxgc v a i k i m loai N a v a N a H C O s X la axit cacboxylic Loai B v a C. + Y tac d y n g dupe v a i N a va c6 p h a n l i n g trang bac - O H va - C H O Y chiia ca nhonn chuc Loai A . 1. E S T E V i d u : C H s C O O H + C2H5OH Bai 21: ,r,£ Nhan xet: X Y chiia c£ n h o m - C H O va n h o m - C O O H . Y la H O O C - C H O (M = 74). ' , 22: MY/MX = 74/46 = 1,61 • = 0,05. — + ' , ^^'MS^i^ + .'o-:),?:; trong moi trudmgaxit ' ' Thuy phan trong moi truang baza CH3COOC2H5 + N a O H > CHsCOONa+C2H5OH ' - Este d a chiic: (CH3COO)3C3H5 + 3 N a O H '* c - U ' * Nhqn xet: So chuc este = > a m o l H2 •yi chiia m o t n h o m - O H . .•.mrl geru f'-;r!'-? ngoai n h o m - C O O H , X con < n V ? •y'i'Vh g a y b -jhi .(1 Av D iso,.l - , Nhan xet: - ' '^este ; r ), ..r > CHaCOONa + CH3CHO . ' > CHaCOONa + CeHsONa + H2O Nhqn xet: San p h a m ciia p h a n u n g la h a i m u o l va T r o n g cac chat b a i ra, axit axetic c6 l y e lien ket h i d r o m a n h nhat n e n c6 f fif ' > Este ciia p h e n o l : CHaCOO-CaHs + 2 N a O H luc lien ket h i d r o . ;• "^este —< Nhqn xet: san p h a m ciia p h a n l i n g la andehit. De so sanh nhiet d o soi ciia cac chat, truoc het ta d a n h gia d p m a n h yeu ciia nhiet d o soi cao nhat. Este k h o n g no: > SCHsCOONa + C3H5(OH)3 " N a O H p J ^ "NaOHbandJu CH3COO-CH=CH2 + N a O H 0 - f^v H ( . Bai 24: ..XXJli Phan img thuy phan cm mot so este dqc biet > a m o l k h i CO2 - > X c6 m p t n h o m - C O O H V i a m o l X + N a (du) = J i i i l ' . ... r, . Dqc diem: Phan l i n g m o t chieu. - > L o g i A , B, C. - > D a p an B. Thuyphdn + Nhanxet: - > D a p an D . ii^y!i^n':r:.i -r.-'v Dflc rffem: Phan l i n g t h u | n n g h i c h . ' • SV V i a m o l X + NaHCOs - t" -'-K«.>H fit = 0,04 m o l . : . „,, ,,„.,. ©'^^fif; tarn-j^!,:J - '^-"iVftfJ-' CH3COOC2H5 + H - O H < = ± C H a C O O H + C2H5OH ' - » m = 0,04.(74 + 88) = 6,48 gam -> D a p an B. Bai23: Esteno,dmchiec:CnH2n02 Este no,/ifli c/iiir: CnH2n-2a d. T i n h chat hoa hpc '^^^^^^^^ H i ^ u suat t i n h theo axit. riHCOOCzHs = nCHgCOOCaHg > CH3COOC2H5 + H2O CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 ( p r o p y l axetat); CH2=CHCOOCH3 ( m e t y l acrylat). "''^ ' " = 0'125 > nx = 0,1 ,; CH3COOC2H5 (etyl axetat); HCOOC2H5 (etyl fomat); D a p an B. T r u o c het cac ban t i m so m o l m o i axit deu bang 0,05 m o l . ncjHgOH + + ^' ' ' " . . T V . . , ' Nhanxet: < H SO c. D a n h p h a p X la H C O O H (M = 46) - > T i k h o i ciia Y so v o i X la: , . b. c o n g t h t i c ilk} • X, Y vira c6 p h a n l i n g t r a n g bac v a tac d u n g v o l K H C O s t^o k h i C O 2 —> X, Theo bai: Mx < M Y < 82 ^ , a. D i n h n g h i a , Este la san p h a m ciia p h a n l i n g giua axit h i i u co v o i ancol. , , —> D a p an D . Bai ^ .J,,., + Phan img chay: CnH2n02 + ^ ^ y ^ 0 2 — ^ =2. nC02 + n H 2 0 Nhan xet: K h i d o t chay este no, d o n chiic t h i "H20 Lim y: Este ciia axit focmic co p h a n u n g trang g u a n g . > cty T k , — m r m w dm nang 6n luy?n thi dgi hpc 18 chuySn di H6a hqc - Nguygn Van Hi\ 2. C A C V I D V M A U ,: ,, r: r •^t , f ts- V i du 1: Dot chay hoan toan m gam hon hop X gom hai este dong phan can diing 27,44 h't khi O z thu dugc 23,52 h't khi C02 va 18,9 gam H2O. Ne'i, dich sau phan ung thi thu dugc 27,9 gam chat ran khan, trong do c6 a mol muoi Y v a b mol muoi Z ( M y < M z ) . Cac the tich khi deu do 6 dieu kien H l M l t J • hiCXX); M:,} * tieu chuan. T i l e a : b la W. A . 2 : 3. B. 4 : 3. .. C . 3 : 2. bang so'mol O 2 da phan ung. Ten goi cua este la A Metyl fomat. B. Etyl axetat. Goi este don no don chuc la CnH2n02 + ^ nC02 O2 ^ mol; Nhan xet: n nco2 = mol; = " H2O n H 2 0 = ^'05 mol. + nH20 = n -^n =2 ^ C2H4O2 *' ^.te + 2n 02 = 2n +n 0'35 mol. H 2 O * " Lfe = M| A. C H 3 C O O C H 2 C 6 H 5 . Phan ung hoa hoc: a CH3COOCH3 + N a O H Loai A, C vi san pham la muoi va ancol: CH3COOCH2C6H5 + NaOH — ^ C6H5COOC2H5 + NaOH — ^ a -;- b = a35 n N n o n du = 0,4 Theo bai: 68a + 82b + 40.0,05 = 27,9 - 0,35 = 0,05 mol. " a = 0,2; b = 0,15. C H 2 = C H - C O O C H 3 ; (4) H C O O C H 3 va (5) C H 3 - C O O C H ( C l ) - C H 3 . So chat trong day khi bi thuy phan hoan toan trong dung dich kiem tgo ra san B.5. + 2NaOH (4) : H C O O C H 3 > + NaOH (5) : C H 3 - C O O C H ( C l ) - C H 3 + N a O H — • D a p an A. > 326 • • + + , |, ^ . ' H C O O N a + NaOC6H5C2H5 + H2O t:r>;^^v;'••;v].<• , . ,,:ov C 2 H 5 C O O N a + C6H50Na + H 2 0 tham gia phan ung voi Na, voi dung dich N a O H va phan ung trang bac. San pham thuy phan cua X trong moi truong kiem c6 kha nang hoa ^an Cu(OH)2 tao thanh dung dich mau xanh lam. Cong thuc cau tao cua X c6 the la A. C H 3 C O O C H 2 C H 2 O H . B. H C O O C H 2 C H ( O H ) C H 3 . C. H C O O C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 O H . D. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CHO. Lai gidi: Nhan xet: Theo bai, X bi thuy phan CH3CHO C H 3 C H O + 2 N a C l + H2O > HCOONa •st'tao D . 3. > CH3COONa (1) : C H 3 C O O - C H = C H 2 + N a O H (2) : CH3CHCI2 ''K^O's/n C . 2. C H 3 C O O N a + C6H.SCH2OH V i du 5: H o p chat huu co X c6 cong thuc phan tii la C4H8O3. X c6 kha nang V i du 2: Cho day cac chat sau: (1) C H 3 C O O - C H = C H 2 ; (2) CH3CHCI2; (3) A. 4. a C2H5COOC6H5+ 2NaOH — ^ a : b = 0,2 : 0,15 = 4 : 3 - > Dap an B. phan ling trang guong la an D : i,,,„„,, C 6 H 5 C O O N a + C2H5OH HCOOC6H4C2H5 + 2NaOH — ^ CH3COONa + CH3OH > • i « . " ' ' »u" * Loai B vi tao muoi H C O O N a c6 phan tu khoi bang 68 < 80: a Dap CO vf- ' gidi: • H C O O N a + C2H5OH Hi a pham • •'"•'^ D. C2H5COOC6H5. Lai ; ' HCOOC2H5 + N a O H — ^ T a c6: HCOOCH3. B.HCOOC6H4C2H5.- = 3 _> 2 este trong X c6 cong thuc phan tu la C3H6O2. Cong thuc cau tao 2 este la: HCOOC2H5 va CH3COOCH3. '-^^-•'^'^' , ' g,,, dung voi dung dich N a O H , tao ra hai muoi deu c6 phan tu khoi Ion hon 80. C. C 6 H 5 C O O C 2 H 5 . Mol: ^ Cong thuc cau tao thu gon ciia X la Bao toan nguyen to oxi: 2n n = _S22_ '* Vi du 4: Este X la hop chat thom c6 cong thuc phan tu la C9H10O2. Cho X tac Cac este deu no, don chuc -> Cong thuc ciia 2 este la C n H 2 n 0 2 . :-' . i , m . f l ' ^ , . K « . . , ' U . . r . i r . r , ^^ ^^ CnH2n02 - > D a p an A. = 1/225 no2 C . Propyl axetat. D . Metyl axetat. Laigidi: nc02='^02 D . 3 : 5. vigt v i du 3: K h i dot chay hoan toan mot este no, don chuc thi so mol C O 2 sinh ra cho m gam X tac dung het voi 400 ml dung dich N a O H I M , c6 can dung , mang ,,, CH3OH > C H 3 C O O N a + C H 3 C H O + NaCl bithuyphan. S?mmriqrrt;^u X chiia chuc este „;.,v , ^ Loai D v i khong , ^ ... .<-^..'.^ ^ V i X C O phan ling trang bac - > X la este cua axit fomic - > L o a i A. San pham thuy phan cua X trong moi truong kiem c6 kha nang hoa tan C u ( O H ) 2 tao thanh dung dich mau xanh lam - > Loai C . - > D a p dn B. Phan ung hoa hoc: ' ' ,. • • 327 dm Cty TNHH MTV DVVH KhangVift nang On luyQn thi djil hpc 18 chuy6n dg H6a hpc - NguySn Van H^i V J d v 8: Dc^ chay hoan toan hon hgp X gom hai este dong phan can dung H C O O C H 2 C H ( O H ) C H 3 + O H " —5%. H C O Q - + H O - C H 2 C H ( O H ) C H 3 15,68 lit khi O2, thu dugc 13,44 lit khi CO2 va 10,8 gam H 2 O . N e u cho m San pham H O - C H 2 C H ( O H ) C H 3 la ancol da chuc, c6 2 nh6n\H lieVi gam X tac dung vvra du voi dung dich K O H , c6 can dung dich sau phan nen c6 kha nang hoa tan Cu(OH)2. xi'ng thi thu dugc 18,9 gam chat ran khan Y v a hon hgp ancol Z . Thirc hi^n V i di? 6 (A-12): D u n nong m gam hon hgp X gom cac chat c6 cung mot lo^ phan ling ete hoa hoan toan Z, thu dugc m gam ete. Cac the tich khi deu do nhom chuc v o l 600ml dung dich N a O H 1,15M, thu dugc dung dich Y ch^g 6 dieu kien tieu chuan. G i a tri cua m la muo'i cua mpt axit cacboxylic don chuc va 15,4 gam h a i Z gom cac ancol A. 14,8. Cho Z tac d y n g voi N a du, thu dugc 5,04 lit khi H 2 (dktc). C o can Y , nurig B.7,4. Lai n 0 2 = 0,7 mol; n A. 40,60. , : . , ^ „ B. 22,60. C . 34,30. i^-^ r, Lai n ^^Q^^ = 0,69 mol; n D . 34,51. Nhan xet: ncoj giai: n o H = 2nH2 ~ ^'^^ Mat khac: n.(;oo- = i^OH = 0,45 mol - > giai: = 0,6 mol. C a c este deu no, don chuc -> Cong thuc cua 2 n = ^}£9l. = ^ = 3 _^ 2 este trong X c6 cong thuc phan tu la C3H6O2. n, este Cong thuc cau tao 2 este la: H C O O C 2 H 5 v a C H s C O O C H a . i g QUI Phan ung hoa hoc: mi t v S ii. ^ 0,45 Cong thuc cau tao thu ggn ciia X la khan. G i a tri c u a m l a C.CH3COOC2H5. r ,s^,^ D . 10,40 giai: 0,04 > CHsCOONa 0,04 Chat ran la C H a C O O N a - > m = 82.0,04 = 3,28 gam 328 0,1 mol. . i U; B. C 2 H 5 C O O C H 3 . , + C2H5OH 0,04 D a p an A . ^ J; D . H C O O C H ( C H 3 ) 2 . ^j,^^^^^.. • LMgidi: ,, Ggi cong thiic cua X la R C O O R ' . neste= 0,1 mol; n^^on = 0,04 mol. Mol: " H 2 0 = ^ dem d u n 2,2 gam X voi dung dich N a O H (du), thu dugc 2,05 gam muoi. A. H C O O C H 2 C H 2 C H 3 . CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH -Q , V i d\ 9: X la mgt este no don chuc, c6 ti kho'i hoi do'i voi metan bang 5,5. Neu Sau khi phan ling xay ra hoan toan, c6 can dung dich thu dugc m chat ran Lai > r i {<•>'<• , -> m = mete = 7,1 - 0,1.18 = 5,3 gam -> Dap an D . = 16 ( C H 4 ) — chpn dap an sai C. > C . 8,20. 0 tf,^ Bao toan khoi lugng: mz = mete + m ^ 2 0 V i d v 7: X a phong hoa 8,8 gam etyl axetat bang 200ml dung dich N a O H 0,2M B.8,56. <.rsu > • 0,2.74 + 0,2.56 =18,9 + mz -> mz =7,1 gam. Luu y: C a c em thuang cho R C O O N a tac dung het 6 phan ijrng voi toi xut, . -1 ff-nn N h a n xet: Trong phan ung ete hoa ta c6: n H 2 0 = 7,2 < r /* 3 'JO) I |\' CH3COOK + CH3OH Bao toan khoi lugng: meste+mKOH = mv + mz m = 0,45.96 + 15,4 - 0,45.40 = 40,6 gam - > Dap an A . M RH" .0 De thay: nKOH = neste = nz = 0,2 mol. Bao toan khoi lugng: m + mwaOH = mRcooNa + mz I, HCOOK + C2H5OH CH3COOCH3 + KOH — R H la C2H6. - > n R H = n R c o o N a = 0'45 n^vb " r i ! HCOOC2H5 + K O H nNaOH du = 0,69 - 0,45 = 0,24 mol. A. 3,28. D . 5,3. Bao toan nguyen to oxi: 2neste + 2 n o 2 = 2 n c o 2 + ^ H J O ~^ ^este = 0,2 mol. - . \''JJ-^ . n R C O O N a = 0,45 mol. •:XXJ.),: Phan ung voi toi xiit ( N a O H het, R C O O N a con du): „ ^„ ' iouni RCOONa + NaOH > R H + NaiCOs Mol: 0,24 0,24 -> 0,24 v. ' este la CnH2n02. 1 > -ONa + - H , 2 ^ K h i ancol tac dung voi N a : - O H + N a ^ <' ' = 0,225 mol. Nhan xet: Cac chat trong X la cac este t?o tir cung mot axit cacboxylic don chuc, MRH= — = 3 0 ^ 0,24 = 0,6 mol; n = ^H20 '' ' C.10,3. nong chac ran thu dugc voi C a O cho den khi phan ung hoan toan, thu duoc 7,2 gam mot chat khi. Gia trj cua m la ' f j( M ? . 4 Mx = 16.5,5 = 88 - > X la C4H8O2 v a nx = 0,025 mol. Phan ung hoa hgc: RCOOR' + NaOH Mol: 0,025 ' 1 ' > RCOONa 0,025 +R'OH 329 ca'm nang on luyen thi dai hpc 18 chuySn 6i H6a hgc - Nguygn Van Hk\ 2 0"^ MRcooNn = — = 82 - > R + 67 = 88 0,025 V i d u 10: Chat X c6 cong t h i i c p h a n t u la Cty TIMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt J R = 15 (CHs-) - > D a p an C. ' ^ C4H8O2. phan ling xa phong hoa phan l i n g t h i i y p h a n chat beo t r o n g m o i t r u o n g k i e m tao t h a n h g l i x e r o l va D u n n o n g 7,04 g a m X v o i ] Q Q muo'i cua axit beo (xa phong): g a m d u n g d i c h N a O H 6%, t h u d u g c d u n g d i c h c6 chua 6,56 g a m m u o i . Vgy (RCOO)3C3H5 + cong thuT cua X la : f>fc, A . HCOOCH2-CH2-CH3 C. CH3COOC2H5 , IMOI: B. CH3CH2CH2COOH ^ ,1 nNaOH RCOOR' c Mol: ,; + > RCOONa 0,08 Mniuoi = + = 82 0,08 V i d u 11: 'i C. M e t y l p r o p i o n a t . A. 17,80. ^ '-f n nv = 0,05 m o l ; nKon = 0,15 m o l . G o i cong t h i i c can t i m la R C O O R ' . + KOH — ^ RCOOK + R'OH Chat ran k h a n : K O H = 0,1 m o l ; R C O O K = 0,05 m o l . 56.0,1 + (R + 83).0,05 = 10,5 C. 16,68. — ^ (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3 N a O H Y chua 2 Mol: n g u y e n t i i O —> C o n g t h i i c p h a n t u ciia Y la C4H8O2. RCOOR' B. 18,24. . D . 18,38. , G(?i cong t h i i c chat beo la (RCOO)3C3H5 Lot gidi: 'or ,^^0 Lai gidi: D. Isopropyl fomat. Tir dap an n h a n thay cac este d e u d o n chuc—> Y d o n chuc . JaOH. Co can d u n g d i c h t h u d u g c glixerol va m g a m xa p h o n g . Gia t r i ciia ' '-[ftn , B. P r o p y l fomat. ^ y i du 1: Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan 17,24 gam chat beo can v u a d i i 0,06 m o l v o i 200 g a m d u n g d j c h K O H 4,2%. Sau k h i p h a n u n g hoan, c6 can dung ,,, ,; ,^ ^ ViOVMAU Este Y c6 cong thuc d o n gian nhat la C2H4O. D u n n o n g 4,4 gam Y A. Etyl axetat. . m,ha-tbeo(g) . D a p an C. d i c h t h u d u o c 10,5 g a m chat ran khan. Ten g o i ciia Y la ^ ^ ,. Cong t h i i c t i n h : a = i ^ ^ i < O H l ^ j,,mm :. - > CH3COOC2H5 ^ beo g o i la chi so'axit (a) ciia chat beo. , R + 67 = 82 - > R = 15 (CH3-). ,, 1 So m i l i g a m K O H can de t r u n g hoa het axit beo t u d o c6 t r o n g 1 g a m chat R'OH 0,08 3 l u o n g n h o axit beo tir do RCOOH. = 0,15 m o l . Goi cong t h i i c can t i m la R C O O R ' . NaOH 3 C3H5(OH)3 T h o n g t h u o n g , ngoai triglixerit (RCOO)3C3H5, chat beo con chiia m o t Lod gidi: nx = 0,08 m o l ; 1 '" > 3RCOONa + C h i so axit cua chat beo D . CH3CH2COOCH3 1,1,'. 3NaOH 3RCOONa + , "' * ' ' * C3HsrOH)3 0,06 0,02 ..V I Bao toan k h o i l u o n g : ' |l7,24 + 0,06.40 = m + 0,02.92 i ' T ;t|.x r i | f l i m = 17,8 g a m D a p an A . ^1 d v 2: T h i j y p h a n hoan toan t r i g l i x e r i t X t r o n g d u n g d i c h N a O H , sau p h a n '•'"> ••i'^'^-^^^'^^•^^^^ R = 15 (CH3-) ^ ' ; l i n g t h u d u o c 0,46 g a m g l i x e r o l ; 1,51 g a m m u o i Ci7H3iCOONa va m g a m • m u o i Ci7H35COONa. Gia t r i ciia m la: A . 3,06. B. 1,83. D . 1,54. C.3,08. 2. C H A T B E G a. K h a i n i ^ m jl^glixerol = 0,005; n Ci7H3iCOONa = 0,005. Chat beo (hay t r i g l i x e r i t ) la este 3 chiic ciia g l i x e r o l v o l cac axit beo. C o n g t h i i c t o n g quat: (RCOO)3C3H5 Nhan xet: ncj7H3iCOONa + ncj7H35COONa = 3nglixetol = 0,015 m o l . , \ b. C a c axit beo thuong gap C15H31COOH : A x i t p a n m i t i c C17H35COOH : A x i t stearic ' C17H33COOH : A x i t oleic C17H31COOH: A x i t linoleic ; c. Cac chat beo thirong gap (Ci5H3iCOO)3C3H5 : T r i p a n m i t i n (Ci7H33COO)3C3H5: T r i o l e i n ' nc,7H35COONa = 0,015 - a005 = 0,010. ; ix£ ,, -> m = 0,01.306 = 3,06 g a m ,f : ' -> D a p an A . du 3: T h u y p h a n hoan toan 444 g a m m o t loai chat beo t h u d u g c 46 g a m (Ci7H35COO)3C3H5: Tristearin glixerol va hai loai axit beo. H a i loai axit beo d o la (Ci7H3iCOO)3C3H5: T r i l i n o l e i n A . C17H31COOH va C17H33COOH. B. C15H31COOH va C17H35COOH. C. C17H33COOH va C17H35COOH. D . C17H33COOH va CisKaiCOOH ' : • 331 C&m nang On luy$n thi djii hi?c 18 chuySn 06 H6a hgc - Nguygn van H5i LM CtyTNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt gidi: dV 7* Gpi cong t h u c cua chat beo la (RCOO)2(R'COO)C3H5 l 5 m l d u n g d i c h K O H 0,1M. C h i so' axit cua m a u cha't beo tren la: Nhan xet: n g i i x e r o i = richat b«> = 0,5 m o l -> (RCOO)2(R'COO)C3H5= 2R + 173 + R' = 888 Vi ^ A. = 888 2R + R ' = 715 ^ = 0'68 m o l ; n C. 0,020. N h a n thay: 2ruxit nnoieic m K O H = 2800 m g = 2,8 g a m Phan u n g hoa hoc: = n ~ 0/015 m o l Mol: ' chat beo tristearin? (biet hieu suat ciia ca qua t r i n h bang 80%) •••j\CV''. C. 456,25. ^ 3Ci7H35COONa = 556,25 k g uwrie,::: = 0,1.92 = 9,2 g a m 0,1 D a p an B. ^|/.-^t, T ; n ' . B.9,38. C. 10,50. D . 8,82. D. CH2=CH-COO-CH3. gam X tac dung hoan toan voi 200ml dung dich K O H 0,7M t h u dugc dung dich Y. Co can Y t h u dugc 12,88 g a m chat ran khan. Gia trj cua m la A. 6,66. B. 7,20. C. 8,88. D . 10,56. ^ai 3: T h u y p h a n h o a n toan 0,1 m o l este E (mach ho, chi chiia m g t loai n h o m chiic) can dung v u a du 100 g a m dung dich N a O H 12%, t h u dugc 20,4 g a m muo'i ciia m g t axit hiru co va 9,2 g a m m g t ancol. Cong t h u c cau tao cua E la mol (RCC)0)3C3H5 + 3 K O H - — > 3 R C O O K ' B. H C O O - C H = C H - C H 3 . n nho h o n 3), t h u dugc so m o l C O 2 bang 6/7 so m o l O2 da p h a n l i n g . Cho m Laigidi: 0,03 <- + C3H5(OH)3 0,01 , Bao toan k h o i lu(?ng: m + 0,03.56 = 9,58 + 0,92 -> m = 8,82 g a m . D a p an D ^ Bai 2: D o t chay hoan toan m g t este d o n chuc, mach h o X (phan tu c6 so lien ket D a p an D . axit oleic. Gia t r i cua m l a Mol: 0,3 + C3H5(OH)3 C. C H 3 C O O - C H = C H 2 . 500 3RCOOK A. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2. + C3H5(OH)3 V i d u 6: Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan m g a m m p t t r i g l i x e r i t b a n g d u n g d i c h KOH t h u dugc 0,92 g a m g l i x e r o l v a 9,58 g a m hSn h g p m u o i cua axit linoleic va A . 9,94. + 3KOH t r u o n g axit t h u dugc axetandehit. Cong thuc cau tao t h u g o n ciia este do la 500 100 m = 890.500. — 80 ):>H:) Bai 1 : M g t este c6 cong thiic phan tu la C4H6O2, k h i t h u y p h a n trong m o i •m[ mol. (Ci7H35COO)3C3H5 + 3 N a O H — Mol: -> RCOOK + H 2 O 3. BAI T A P O N L U Y E N D . 556,25. ^:*^'ri::r.. Laigidi: pi:H:)' . > 0,05 Mol: V i d v 5: D e t h u d u g c 46 k g glixerol t h i can phdi t h u y p h a n bao n h i e u kilogam B. 356,00. (mg) 2,8 = m KOH 1000 , (RCOO)3C3H5 A . 656,25. D . 18,4. UKOH = 0,05 m o l . RCOOHi,jysi+ K O H ,Y. ~ ^ H2O _ a p an C. / H ' / O n _ , D. . C.13,8. mchatbeo(g) -> D a p an A . n g i i x e r o i = 500 B.9,2. Chi so axit ciia chat beo = " ^ ^ O " ^"^^^ ^ ,, I8CO2 + I 6 H 2 O J - S '' Laigidi: K h i do't chay axit linoleic: ^ i vira d u 350 m l d u n g dich K O H I M , t h u d u g c m g a m glixerol. Gia t r i cua m la Nhan xet: A x i t p a n m i t i c va axit stearic d e u no, d o n chuc -> n QQ^ = n ^^o • C17H31COOH + O2 — ... ^ ' 8 : Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan 1 k g chat beo c6 chi so'axit b a n g 2,8 can d i i n g A. 4,6. D . 0,005. = 0/^5 m o l . chat beo (g) m o l cua axit Imoleic t r o n g m g a m X la ' , 'n' • [ , Chi s o a x i t c i i a ichat beo ^ m K O H ( m g ) ^ 8 4 ^ yi ! D . 5,5. ; riKOH = 0,0015 m o l -> mKOH = 0,084 g a m = 84 m g D a p an C. toan m g a m X t h i t h u d u g c 15,232 l i t k h i CO2 (dktc) v a 11,7 g a m nu6c. SA' n C. 6,0. Laigidi: hoa m g a m X can 4 0 m l d u n g d i c h N a O H I M . M a t khac, neu d o t chay ho^^ B. 0,010. B. 7,2. 4,8. ^ .f't ' ' ^ 4 : H o n h g p X g o m axit panmitic, axit stearic v a axit linoleic. D e trung A . 0,015. t r u n g hoa lup'ng axit t u d o c6 t r o n g 14 g a m m o t m a u chat beo can A. (HCOO)2C3H5-OOCCH3. C. (HCOO)3C3H5. B. (CH3COO)2C3H5-COOCH3. '8'""^ D . (CH3COO)3C3H5. - 4: H g p chat hiru co no, da chuc X c6 cong thuc phan tu C7H:204. C h o 0,1 mol X tac dung viia dii voi 100 g a m dung djch N a O H 8% thu dugc chat jk hu-u CO Y v a 17,8 g a m h o n h g p muo'i. C o n g thuc cau tao thu g g n ciia X la , kA^... 333 dm nang On luygn thi Jgi hoc 18 chuySn d6 H6a hpc - Nguygn Van Hai Cty TNHH MlV OVVH Khang Vigt A. C H 3 0 0 C - ( C H 2 ) 2 - C O O C 2 H 5 . B. CH3COO-(CH2)2-COOC2H5. C. C H 3 C O O - ( C H 2 ) 2 - O O C C 2 H s . D. CH3OOC-CH2-COO-C3H7. Bai 5: T h u y p h a n h o a n toan 0,2 mol m o t este E can d i i n g v u a d i i 100 g a m dung pal 12: C h o m g a m m o t este d o n chuc vao 200 g a m d u n g d i c h N a O H 8%, d u n den p h a n u n g hoan toan d u o c 208,8 g a m d u n g d i c h X. C h u n g ca't hoan toan X, t h u d u o c ancol Y v a 20,2 g a m chat r a n khan. L a y toan b g ancol Y vao d i c h N a O H 24%, t h u d u o c m o t ancol va 43,6 g a m h o n h o p muo'i cua hai b i n h d u n g N a d u d u o c 1,12 l i t k h i (dktc). C o n g t h i i c ciia este la: axit cacboxylic d o n chuc. H a i axit d o la A. HCOOCH2CH3. A . H C O O H v a C2H5COOH. B. H C O O H va C H 3 C O O H . C. CH3COOC2H5. C. C2HSCOOH v a C3H7COOH. D . C H 3 C O O H v a C2H5COOH Bai 6: Xa p h o n g hoa hoan toan 66,6 g a m h o n h o p h a i este HCOOC2H5 va B. CH3COOCH3 ' D . C2H5COOCH3. gai 13: K h i d o t chay hoan toan 4,4 gam chat h i i u co X d o n chuc, t h u d u g c san p h a m chay chi g o m 4,48 l i t k h i CO2 (dktc) v a 3,6 g a m nuoc. N e u cho 4,4 CH3COOCH3 b a n g d u n g d i c h N a O H , t h u d u o c h o n hg^p X g o m h a i ancol gam X tac d u n g v o i d u n g d i c h N a O H vira d i i d e n p h a n u n g hoan toan, t h u D u n n o n g X v o i H2SO4 dac 6 140°C, sau k h i p h a n u n g xay ra hoan toan thu d u g c 4,8 g a m muo'i Y ciia axit h i i u co va chat hixu co Z . T e n ciid X la duQC m g a m nuoc. Gia t r i ciia m la A. E t y l p . o p i o n a t . A . 4,05. B.8,10. ,, ' i/i; C. 18,00. Lf D . 16,20. Bai 7: Xa p l i o n g h o a hoan toan 1,99 gam h o n h o p h a i este bang d u n g djch N a O H t h u d u o c 2,05 g a m m u o i ciia m o t axit cacboxylic v a 0,94 g a m h6n h o p h a i ancol la d o n g dang ke tiep n h a u . Cong thuc cua h a i este d o la A . CH3COOCH3 va CH3COOC2H5. B. C2H5COOCH3 va C2H5COOC2H5. C. CH3COOC2H5 va CH3COOC3H7. D . H C O O C H 3 va HCOOC2H5. Bai 8: H 6 n h o p X g o m h a i este no, d o n chiic, mach h o . D o t chay hoan toan mot l u g n g X can d u n g v u a d u 3,976 l i t k h i O2 (dktc), t h u d u o c 6,38 g a m CO2. M a t khac, X tac d u n g v o i d u n g dich N a O H , t h u d u o c m o t m u o i va hai ancol la d o n g d a n g k e t i e p . C o n g thuc phan t u ciia h a i este t r o n g X la A . C2H4O2 va C5H10O2. C. C3H402 va C4H6O2. j A< j . t ! , B. C2H4O2 va CsHbCh-i^O t h u d u o c 8,96 l i t k h i CO2 (dktc) v a 7,2 g a m H 2 O . N e u cho m g a m X tac d u n g v u a d u v o i d u n g d j c h N a O H , c6 can d u n g d i c h sau p h a n u n g t h i thu d u g c m u o i k h a n cua m o t axit hCtu ca v a m gam h o n hgp ancol Y la dong d a n g ke tiep. Gia t r i ciia m la d''-;.^iM't'f'V^'lAm 'or- 'ryuh f'fH f'f' ffjrf •> -• B. 6,2.ib unul C. 7,1. D . 10.1. Bai 10: Este X d o n chuc c6 p h a n t r a m k h o i l u g n g cac n g u y e n to' C, H , O la" l u g t la 48,65%; 8,11% va 43,24%. D u n n o n g 3,7 g a m X v o i K O H v u a d u den k h i p h a n l i n g h o a n toan. Co can d u n g dich sau p h a n u n g , t h u d u o c 4,2 gani m u o i r a n k h a n . Ten g g i cua X la A . Etyl piopionat. B. P r o p y l fomat. C. M e t y l acrylat. D . E t y l fomat. Bai 11: T r o n g m o t b i n h k i n chua h o i m o t este no, d o n chuc, m a c h h o v a O2 {^^^ m o l O2 gap doi so' m o l can cho phan u n g chay) 6 136,5°C, ap sua't tron^ b i n h la 0,80 a t m . D o t chay hoan toan este sau d o d u a v e n h i e t d o b a n dai^'' ap sua't t r o n g b i n h liic nay la 0,95 a t m . C o n g thuc p h a n t u ciia este la A.C3H6O2. 334 , B.C2H4O2. CC4H8O2. D . E t y l axetat. ^- ^^^V^ p r o p i o n a t . , C. I s o p r o p y l axetat. .n,3.i>\.- Bai 14: C h o 20 g a m m o t este X (co phan t u k h o i la 100) tac d u n g v o i 300ml d u n g d j c h N a O H I M . Sau p h a n l i n g , co can d u n g d i c h t h u d u g c 23,2 g a m chat r a n k h a n . C o n g t h i i c cau tao ciia X la A. CH2=CHCH2COOCH3 B. C H 3 C O O C H = C H C H 3 C. C2H5COOCH=CH2. D . CH2=CHCOOC2H5. Bai 15: C h o 175 g a m chat beo co chi so axit la 8 tac d u n g v o i d u n g d i c h K O H d u , sau p h a n u n g , kho'i l u g n g muo'i t h u d u g c la 191,15 g a m . K h o i l u g n g K O H da t h a m gia p h a n l i n g la A. 28,0 g a m . B. 17,5 gam. C. 14,0 g a m . D . 35,0 g a m . Bai 16: C h o 200 g a m m o t loai chat beo co chi so axit la 7 tac d\ing v u a d i i v o i id I D . C3H6O2 va C4H8O2. Bai 9: D o t chay hoan toan h o n h o p X g o m hai este can d u n g 10,8 l i t k h i O2 (dkct). A . 5,5. b i^di ' j e o J - e i - n <- D.C5H10O2. ' m o t l u g n g N a O H , sau phan l i n g t h u d u g c 207,55 g a m h o n h o p muo'i k h a n . K h o i l u g n g N a O H da t h a m gia p h a n u n g la A . 32,36 g a m . B. 31,45 gam. >fc.ii>i ( • C. 30,00 gam. D . 31,00 g a m . Bai 17: De t r u n g hoa 150 g a m m o t loai chat beo co chi so' axit bang 7, can d i m g d u n g d i c h chiia a g a m N a O H . Gia t r i ciia a la A . 1,50. B.2,80. C.0,75. Bai 18 (A-10): C h o so d o chuyen hoa : Triolein - >X fo«'^D. 2,00. .j^^jj-v-/ r >Y - ) Z. - v Ten ciia Z la • ^^^'^^^'^"^^ '^ ^ - A . A x i t oleic. '•'-^''•^W " C. A x i t stearic. • ipoo'i 4. H I / 6 N G D A N - L O I GIAI^n'* -'^'^ 2 *^l>^k%^ B.Axitlinoleic. D . A x i t panmitic. ^ ' ' ' ntf ncdt] '^''-^J "KC.. Bail: CH3COO-CH=CH2 ^DapanC. . + H2O > CH3COOH + CH3CHO .mm^^,*--^^ . . • • V 335 Cty I M H H M T V D W H Khanfl Vijt dm nang On luygn thi dgi hgc 18 chuyfin 66 H6a hgc - NguySn Van H5i pai 5: n w a O H = 0,6 Bai 2: Nhan xet: N h o m chiic este - C O O - chiia 1 l i e n ket n, n h o m C=C chiia 1 lien k e t 71. + <.f^n> . . . ;•• Este chua 1 l i e n ket re: Este no, d o n chuc —> C o n g thurc d a n g : CnH2n02. CnH2n02 + Ta co: O2 = no2 — ! ^ nC02 > 7 = l,5n-l Nhan xet: ^ ^ ^ ^ = M = 3 -)> E la este 3 chuc. ' nE 0,2 Theo bai: T h u y p h a n E t h u d u g c 2 m u o l v a 1 ancol - > A n c o l 3 chuc, cac axit d o n chuc. + nH20 Phan u n g hoa hoc: > n = 3 - > C3H6O2 7 <-rt%.1ii^/ Mol: t h u c dang: CnH2n-202: L a m t u o n g t u —>• n = 4,5: Loai. T h u 50:50: Mol: a — ^ a HCOOK a (a <0,14) B^o toan k h o i l u g n g : 74a + 0,14.56 = 12,88 + 46a - > a = 0,18 CH3COOCH3 + K O H i Mol: a Loai. i'^^,^''0:%^ iWf;rk a a , Bao toan k h o i l u g n g : 74a + 0,14.56 = 12,88 + 32a ^ (a ,. , E la este 3 chuc. 'f!'^ M ^ t khac: T h u y p h a n E t h u d u g c m o t m u o i va m o t ancol —> L o a i A v a B. Bao toan kho'i l u g n g : ' - > meste Meste = n N n O H = 0,2 Nhan xet: Mol: = 176. D a p an C. . ., .05.1 mol E la este hai chuc. =2 ^'^ ' -> ^ 2 muoi + 1 ancol Y N/zan xet- Bao toan k h o i l u o n g : Bao toan kho'i lugng: meste + m N a O H = mmuoi - > mv = 0,1.160+ 0,2.40-17,8 = 6,2 + mv M v = — = 62 0,1 - > Y la C2H4(OH)2 ^ 336 Dap an C . ' .,.,,JO,9.V.,.. ..,i^0.,»-d+#;63 '>' DapanB.j.^ nNcOH RCOOR Mol: 0,025 + NaOH <- 0,025 0'025 0,025 RCOONa -> ^ , = 0,025. Theo bai, goi cong thuc chung ciia hai este la R C O O R + 0,025 ROH ntrl' diDCK/:'^ HORH + meste + mN.iOH = mmuoi + = 2,05 + 0,94 - 1,99 = 1 gam - > D a p an A . n Y = n g s , e =0,1 mol. •. . :oK)d md'gaii - > m H j O =0,45.18 = 8,1 g a m ^ _^ R O H = jpj^ = n = RCOONa + R ' O H 0,45 -> RCOONa = So do phan ling: X + 2 N a O H — ar.,n ^= > R ' - O - R ' + H2O': i : . f o r t t r , b i d ;k>ra 50,0- R * Loai A v i chi tao ra mot muoi la N a O O C - ( C H 2 ) 2 - C O O N a . Loai D v i chi tao ra mpt muoi la N a O O C - C H 2 - C O O N a . n ~ S uJ nfiriq j i r r t t grio'J 'fe:-.. ..-'-p.r.'-r .....•^•...••..w, [ • ' n * f. • ^ F 0,9 mNoOH 0/1 B a i 4: 0,9 at.^5; 2R'OH m e s t e + m N a O H = m m u o i + mancoi = 20,4 + 9,2 - 0,3.40 = 17,6 0,6 D a p an B = 0,9 mol:,,rt)t5^,ts^.,jQ,HiO RCOOR' + N a O H Mol: m = 0,12.74 = 8,88 g a m - > D a p an C. Nhan xet: " ^ ^ Q " = 3 . — R =5,67. Bai 6: N/ian xet: H a i este la d o n g phan, c6 c u n g cong thuc CsHeOz <0,14) a = 0,12 Bai 3: nwaOH = 0,3 m o l ;.!>:,''; 0,2 _ 4^ 6 RCOONa= — =72,67 - > 0,6 - > neste= CH3COOK+ CH3OH v . - > H a i axit la H C O O H va CH3COOH + C2H5OH a - .,«Q^,f.jirs, iomt^ft", (RC00)3R' + 3 N a O H — ^ 3RCOONa + R'(OH)3 n;. ^ Este chiia 2 l i e n ket n: Este k h o n g no ( m o t lien ke't C=C), d o n chuc - > Cong HCOOC2H5 + K O H ,, ^ - > G o i este E la (RC00)3R' - > X la HCOOC2H5 hoac CH3COOCH3. + mol ' ^ ^^ ^^ , ^ .^ ^, ^ . ^ .^v^ _ 0,025 = 82 - > R = 15 (CH3-) - > Lo?i A vaD.^^'* '' 2 ancol la CH3OH va C2H5OH. • .1 - - .^t f/ea ,::>w/^l g ' l o ' B a i 8 : n 02 = 0,1775 m o l ; nco2 = 0,145 m o l . • v , Nhan xet: X g o m 2 este no, d o n chuc ( - > loai C) va k h i d o t chay X, t h u du(?c nc02="H20- 1i Bao toan n g u y e n to O : 2nx + 2no2 = 2nco2 + '^H20 " x = 0,04 m o l . • 337 nang On luy^n t h i dgi hgc 18 chuy6n Cim Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi§t Hoa hpc - Mguygn van H i i — So nguyen tu C trung binh = > nx 0,04 Theo bai ra, 2 este hon kem nhau 1 nguyen tvr C —> Cs va C 4 . — Dap an D. > Bai 9: no2 = 0,45 mol;nco2 = 0,4 mol;nH20= 0/4 mol. ' H't' = 2n + " H2O nc02 0,4 8 -> n = —= = —. neste 0,15 3 " este Cong thiic phan tie 2 este: C 2 H 4 O 2 va C 3 H 6 O 2 . -> Cong thuc cau tao 2 este: H C O O C 2 H 5 (a mol) va HCOOC2H5 (b mol). = ^ ^ ^ ! ^ - > 2 a + 3b = 0,4. a+b -> a = a05mol; b = 0,1 mol. Phan ling hoa hpc: H C O O C H 3 + NaOH — ^ HCOOC2H5 ^ R'OH Mol: kem nhau 1 nguyen t u cacbon. ^ HCOONa + CHsOH + NaOH '' : Ml : 1 16 mRcooK + R'OH , C4H8O2. nC02 + nH20 <- 0,2 n= 4 ^ *; 0,05 -> -> 0,05(R + 67) = 4,8 ^ RCOONa + R'OH 0,05 R = 29 ( C 2 H 5 - ) . ' — Cong thuc cau tao cua X: C 2 H 5 C O O C H 3 (metyl propionat) > Bai 14: nx = 0,2 mol; RCOOR' Mol: -> na " H > ^)/,> X la C4H8O2. 'V n w a O H = 0,3 mol. Cong thuc ciia X la C n H 2 n - 2 0 2 . Do Mx = 100 nC02 + nH20 (l,5n-l)a , NMn xet: Cac dap an deu la este khong no (mpt noi doi C=C), don chiic Bai 11: Goi este can tim la CnH2n02. 338 88 02 — ^ 2 0,2/n Mol: = 4,2 = 0,05.(R + 83) -> R = 1 a 8 8 = = Meste RCOOR' + NaOH — ^ • vi'3 -> Cong thuc cau tao cua X la H C O O C 2 H 5 - » Dap an D. Mol: ,, j Gpi cong thuc cua X la RCOOR'va nx = 0,05 mol. 0,05 C„H2n02 + , , , ->DapanB. -> , 0,05 -> — .(14n + 32) = 4,4 ^ n = 4,05 : 8,11 : 2,7 = 3 : 6 : RCOOR' + K O H — R C O O K 0,05 - -f-> = 8,8 gam. > R'ONa + i H 2 0,1 Mol: ^ ' ->XlaC3H602. Mol: meste RCOONa + R'OH CnH2n02 + ... HCOONa + C 2 H 5 O H NMn xet: Este don chiic -> GQI X la C x H y 0 2 . 12 mol. O'l . • • .;:||' ; Chat ran khan gom: RCOONa = 0,1 mol;.NaOH d u = 0,3 mol. -> (R + 67).0,1 + 40.0,3 = 8,2 -> R = 15 ( C H H ' ' -> Este la CH3COOC2H5 ^ Dap an C. Bai 13: n COT = 0,2 mol; n H20 = 0, 2mol. NMn xet: Cac dap an deu la este no, don chuc -> Cong thiic C n H 2 n 0 2 . m = 0,05.32 + 0,1.46 = 6,2 gam -> Dap an B. Ta co: X : y : 2 = = 0,05 + Na -> ngst(,-na„j,oi Bai 10: ' n ^2 RCOOR' + NaOH = 0^5 mol. axit hvhi co va hon hgip ancol Y la dong dang ke tiep —> 2 este trong X hon mol; Nhan xet: Khoi lugng dung dich tang = phuong trinh hoa hoc: ' Mat khac, khi cho X tac dung voi dung dich NaOH, thu dugc muoi cua mot 3 , , n N a O H = 0,4 • o,u Tac6:a + b = 0,15mol.Matkhac: K = - Dap an A. Bail2: ' -> -> _^ C 3 H 6 O 2 NMn xet: n QQ^ = n j^jO ~^ Cac este deu no, don chiic -> Cong thiic cua 2 estelaC-H2-02. •^^>,=tX':>>i r n ^ Bao toan nguyen to oxi: 2n ^ste + 2n a + 2(l,5n-l)a 0,80 3n-l 0,80 ^ — = — > = — — — n = 3. > ( l , 5 n - l ) a + 2na 0,95 3,5n-l 0,95 , Ta co: = 3,625 . —= na 0,2 + NaOH 0,2 C5H8O2. RCOONa + R'OH -> 0,2 ' ) Chat ran khan: NaOH d u = 0,1 mol; RCOONa: 0,2 mol -> 40.0,1 + 0,2(R + 67) = 23,2 ^ -> X la C 2 H 5 C O O C 2 H 3 ^ R = 29 (C2H5-). Dap an C. 339