Tài liệu Cẩm nang ôn luyện thi đại học 18 chuyên đề hóa học 4

Cty TNIIH MIV DVVH Khang Vigt Cam nang 6n luy^n thi dgi hgc 18 chuy§n d§ H6a hqc - Nguyen Van Hk\ Lai m= gidi: Cac p h a n u n g hoa hoc: gf 3Cu .Q|J > Cu(N03)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O Lwu y: V o i d u n g d i c h h o n h(7p cac i o n — 3 C u 2 * + 2 N p + H2O ' A. M g , nj^ > tjii g o m H N O a 1,2M v a H 2 S O 4 0,6M. Sau k h i cac p h a n u n g xay ra hoan toan, s i n h ra V l i t k h i N O (san p h a m k h u d u y nhat, 6 dktc). Gia t r i ciia V l a j t j C. 1,792. Lai n Cu = 6,4 64 , ^^^^y^, D . 1,120. j -j^^i ' , nf^j. Nhan xet: k h i axit H N O 3 c6 m a t d o n g thoi v o i axit H2SO4 l o a n g thi l u g n g t r o n g d u n g d i c h l a d o 2 axit p h a n l i ra - > G i a i theo p h u o n g t r i n h i o n . 3Cu Mol: a09 + <- 8H^ + 2NO3 a24-> 'v^^' .^^^ ; ^ 0*./sH Qd;^ j r i i > 3Cu2* a06 V = 0,06.22,4 = 1,344 l i t + 2NO ' , :D + 4H2O 0,06 .loW D a p an A . V i dv 17: Cho 3,36 g a m M g tac d y n g v o i d u n g dich H N O a d u , t h u d u g c 0,448 lit + MM(N03)2 Vi 0,02 = ^ = 0 , 1 4 mol; n ^ = ^ = a 0 2 m o l . 24 22,4 Chat khu: M g - 2e C h a t oxi hoa: 2N*5 + jOe D . 23,00. 6c,r)dc-'i; * ^'.[: 2N^5 + ge 6!fifi^» (..f^'r-riiih , 2 . 0 , 1 4 - 1 0 . 0 , 0 2 , nNH4N03 = ^ =0,01 m o l . ^ Dap an D. KV. 1 ^^^^^ xet: Cho X + H C l d u giai p h o n g H2 NMn * > Zn(N03)2 X chua Z n - > Z n con d u . (s, i : + 2Ag > Zn(N03)2 + C u > ZnS04 + H2 ^^9^ /F'' '^-^r^'h&tki m ^i^yi:o':) < > y r M rijl rifiq dnhl g n w j i ! ' ? nAi = "^^^^°^ + n c u ( N 0 3 ) 2 + " H 2 = 0,04 m o l - > mzn = 2,6 g a m . . | ' '• " xet: Z n tac d u n g v o i 3 chat o x i hoa la A g % Cu^^ v a man Bao toan electron: 2nz„ = In 15,, j , , - inW m M i i X :! ub . . ' • ;, - " f r u ri *::^A -> D a p a n A . i-OesH /J ^ :i D . 3,90. NH4Na C.0,65. Cach 1 : nAgNOs = 0/02 m o l ; n c u ( N 0 3 )2 = 0,01 m o l ; n H j = 0,02. Qach^i ;gn A p d y n g bao toan electron: 2 n ^ g = 10 n ^ j + 8 nNH4N03 i8n >U > Mg^z > N2; (Zn) Lai gidi: ^d^twriT - - ^ ^ = ,C>MM^ = 65 B.1,30. + H2SO4 'e,!+ eori ixoffed:. ^,(1 ^„ „ . A . 2,60. Zn Lodgidi: >^J.:, -'[^-^t,^'" tricuamla: + Cu(NOa)2 . ^ u i ; hiuaf^ a u j 19: Cho m g a m Z n vao 100 m l d u n g d i c h g o m Cu(N03)2 0,1M va A g N O a Zn \' M J-MJ + 2Ag 0,01 ^ = ^ m u o i k h a n . Gia t r i ciia m la • ' > M(NOa)2 -» + 2AgN03 C. 22,20. , ,. .0 ihA-:> ,(§.'•/ u&A fBr!:> rifiedl < j , . ^..^ ^^^^^ , , ., ; , 2AgNOa 0,01 < - Zn B. 21,52. D . Zn^,^^^^ A g N O a p h a n u n g he't.i-ii > nAgivjo3 k h i N2 t i n h khiet (dktc). Co can d u n g d i c h sau p h a n l i n g t h u dugc m gam A. 20,71. C. Fe ^-^^^^^ ^ tac d y n g v o i d u n g d i c h H2SO4 (loang, d u ) , t h u d u g c 0,448 l i t k h i (dktc). Gia n^,^_ = 0,12 m o l ; n^ o_ = 0,06 m o l . NO3 ' so] ' P h u o n g t r i n h i o n n i t gon: j^. 0,2M. Sau k h i cac p h a n u n g xay ra hoan toan, t h u du(?c chat r a n X. Cho X = nHNOa + 2nH2S04 = 0,12 + 2.0,06 = 0,24 m o l T r o n g X: — M Mol: _ . , „f , ; ' : 8 f t f i | • • B. C u Phan u n g hoa hoc: gidi: • 0,1 m o i . ' x ^ i ^ • \ Lai gidi: ^ ,Rb^.r«i*ir>ofm^, N^jflM xet: T r o n g cac d a p an, k i m loai c6 k h o i l u g n g m o l I o n nhat la Z n - > V i dv 16: Cho 6,4 g a m bpt C u tac d y n g v o i 100ml d u n g d i c h X h o n hop B. 1,008. f d u n g d i c h A g N 0 3 0,1M cho den k h i p h a n u n g hoan toan t h u d u g c chat ran X va d u n g d i c h Y chua 1,89 g a m m u o i . K i m loai M la ^DapanC. rlrrA.1,344, • Vx dv 18: N h i i n g m o t la k i m loai M (hoa t r i 2) c6 k h o i l u g i i g 5 g a m vao 200 m l (do H2SO4 phan li) va N O 3 (do KNOa p h a n l i ) nen c6 t i n h chat + 8H* + 2NO3 YACJ .1 NH4NO3. muoi g i o h g H N O 3 loang —> hoa tan d u o c C u theo p h u o n g t r i n h : 3Cu = 0,14.142 + 0,01.80 = 21,52 gam. --»DapanB. > ^jJioyif, H2SO4 loang, t r o n g d u n g dich c6 chua K N O 3 + + mNH4N03 lieu y: Cac k i m loai M g , A l , Z n c6 the tac d u n g v o i H N O a l o a n g tao thanh > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N O + 4 H 2 O + mN03{dac,nguoi) Cu + 8HN03{loang) mMg(N03)2 ' '^^^^^' iJ-- .* • + + 2 n ^ 2+ + ln„+ = 0,02 + 0,02 + 0,04 = 0,08 nzn= 0,04 m o l mzn= 2,6 g a m - > D a p a n A . yfcgmib :»6i W^'' '' ' 181 [Ml111 MTV UVVM Khang Vi$t Ca'm nang 6n luyQn thi djii hpc 18 chuy6n dg Hoa hpc - Nguyen Van Hk\ ^ 2. D A Y D I E N H O A C U A K I M L O A I a. D a y d i f n hoa ,, , K Na • • Mg •• 2H^^ H2 Al C u ^ % _Fe^^ Cu Fe^"" Ag ., , „ ^ , Zn Fe Ni ^ Sn ^ Pb ^ + Chieu ciid phan ung oxi hoa-khu: Phan ung oxi hoa-khu dien ra theo chieu tao thanh chat khu va chat oxi hoa yeu hon. + Do vay, trong day di^n hoa, chat khu cua cap dung trudc se tac dung duoc voi chat oxi hoa ciia cap dung sau. IT^ > Fe^^ > Fe^^ + ZFe^* ^ . Phuang trinh phan tii: ^"^ < 1 ? M' Hay: ^« Cu + 2FeCl3 3: ^ - 2 ^ > > CuS04 + 2FeS04, j l . ' > C u C h + 2FeCl2 —> Co xay ra phan ling: Fe^* + Ag^ > Ve^* + Ag ^'^''^^^O + Phuong trinh phan tii: Fe(N03)2 + A g N 0 3 n tac dung dugc voi dung dich Fe(NC)3)3. Trong day di^n hoa, c|ip Fe^/Fe^* diing truoc cap AgVAg. Hai kim loai X, Y Ian lugt la B. Cu, Fe. C. Ag, Mg. D. Mg, Ag. , Loai B va C do Cu va Ag khong tac dung voi dung djch ^2804 loang. Y la kim loai tac dung dugc vai dung dich Fe(N03)3 - > Loai D. 182 ^'"'^ ~2+ Fe Bo ' M^di .Q + 2FeCl3 > 3FeCl2 '^'^'^^ 0 01 -> 0 02 ' Mol- P^^" ^ voi muoi FeCb truoc. ' ^^^ ^^^ ^^ + ^'^^^ '-^'^^ " ^^ ^ ^"^^ + CuCl2 ° "-^ ° ^•^^ ^^^ '' > FeCl2 -H CuW^^S'^^'*^^^:'^^^^^^'^^'^^^'''^^^ •H'^^/^^'^ ^ T " ' Chat ran gom: Fe du = 0,01 mol; Cu = 0,01 mol ^ m = 1,20 gant. ^DapanD. Vi dv 3: Cho cac phan ling xay ra sau day: A. Mn^^ H^ Fe3^ Ag\. Ag^ F e ^ C. Ag^, M n ^ H*, ¥e^.i ''", ^* Mn^\ ,' '" " F.(*02)S9^ + u D ' AgN03 + Fe(N03)2 > Fe(N03)3 + Ag (1) Mn+2HC1 >MnCl2 + H2 f - ^ S t , (2) lO.Q 10,0 Odf.ro^-fnv ^'^^ J"^*' \ D. Mn^\^ Fe^\ •'[' Laigidi: Nhqn xet: T u (1) -> Cap Fe Tu (2) ^ cap • , Mn > Fe(N03)3 + A g Vi dy 1: X la kim loai phan ling duQ-c voi dung djch H2SO4 loang, Y la kim loai A. Fe, Cu. iV/jfl« xet: Do cap ~—> v^^v ^ Tinh khii Fe^^ > A g ; tinh oxi hoa Ag^ > Fe^* j^to,,. D.1,20. COM. Day cac ion dugc sap xep theo chieu tang dan tinh oxi hoa la > Cu^* + ZFe^* Cu + Fe2(S04)3 :\ luv't Laigidi: y ntio) mod riBi s o H :?! u h np^= 0,03 mol; npecis = 0,02 mol; ncuClz = O'Ol "^ol. j ,Qg;|.| Vi^j^ y n u l Mol: aoi <- aoi , Fe + Fe2(S04)3 > 3FeS04; Fe + 2Fe(N03)3 > 3Fe(N03)2 j ^ ' ! ^ Cv^+ Fe^* Vt du 2: — — > — — -» Tinh khii Cu > Fe^^; h'nh oxi hoa Fe^* > Cu^\ ' Co xay ra phan ling: Cu + 2Fe3* > FeS04 + ..« 2 + «2 > Cu(N03)2 + 2Fe(N03)2 CU + 2Fe(Na)3 ' dV 2: Cho 1,68 gam hot Fe vao 100ml dung dich chxia FeCb 0,2M va CuCh 0,1M. • ^, . . . . „ _ _ . -> Tinh khii Fe > Fe^*; tinh oxi hoa Fe^* > Fe^* F? Co xay ra phan ling: Fe + 2Fe^* Phuong trinh phan tii: + H2SO4 ran. Gia tri ciia m la ^0,56. B.1,12. Tir trai sang phai, tinh khu ciia cac kim loai giant dan, con tinh oxi hoa ciia cac ion kim loai tang dan. c. S u dung day d i f n hoa ^'^ 'uui jt.j ^ a u i i . 4 M A n.,: Fe^* Pe pg Fe iChuay deu tai phan ling hoan toan thu dugc dung dich X va m gam chat ^• - -.-'.o--nfiriq i r i i n9b !ifb;MI,0(iOH§A r b i b b. Y nghia cua day di^n hoa Vtdu 1: Dap an A. Cac phan ung hoa hgc: diing truoc cap — ^ . Ag diing truoc cap ' ^ J 4?-H2 , ^ v( 63 cOVIttifXfi irlM :iVt Thu tu trong day di?n hoa: - ^ > - ^ ^ -> Tinh oxi hoa tang dan theo thii ty: Mn^* < ^ < Fe^" < Ag*. ' V ' Dap an A. ' . dy 4: y j tri ciia mgt so cap oxi hoa-khii dugc sap xep nhu sau: Fe^^/Fe, Cu^VCu, Fe3VFe2^ AgVAg, CI2/2CI-. Trong cac chat sau: Cu, AgN03, CI2, chat nao tac dung voi dung dich Fe(N03)2: A. Cu, AgNOs, CI2. B.AgN03,Cl2. C CI2. D. Cu, AgNOs. 183 dm __^[yih_«a^iai nang On luyjn thi dgi hqc IS cliuyen ae M O J LOT ^J'ai; Lww y: Fe(N03)2 c6 the tac d\ing vai ca cha't khvr va cha't oxi hoa. Dieu ki^n Q day la chat k h u diing truoc Fe^VFe; chat oxi hoa dung sau Fe^^/Fe^*. , Theo bai cho: Khong c6 cap nao dung truoc Fe^VFe va c6 hai cap dung sa^ }, Fe3"/Fe2* —> Dap an B. Cac phan ung hoa hoc: Fe(N03)2 6Fe(N03)2 V i du 5: dung dugc ' khan. + AgN03 > Fe(N03)3 + A g > 4Fe(N03)3 + 2FeCl3 + 3Cl2 Hoa tan hoan toan 9,92 gam h6n hgp bot Fe304 va Cu trong 160ml dich H2SO4 I M (loang). Sau khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thy dung dich X (khong con axit du). Co can X thu dugc m gam muoj Gia tri ciia m la A . 19,68. B. 16,64. C. 10,72. D. 23,36. " ' Laigiduqr . .^ij' G9isomol:Fe304 = a;Cu = b.Theobai:232a + 64b = 9,92. 1 ^ . fQ^O i. Nhan xet: Chi c6 Fe304 phan ung true tiep v6i axit. Cac phan ling hoa hgc: Fe304 + 4H2SO4 > FeS04 + Fe2(S04)3 + 2H2O Mol: a04 < - 0,16 ^ 0,04 a = 0,04 ^ b = 0,01mol. Cu ; - > 0,01 „ -> 0,01 0,02 '•I/^nSf^'rOM;: m = 0,01.160 + 0,03.400 + 0,04.152 = 19,68 gam - > Dap an A . {jg r1 V i d v 6: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,12 gam bgt Fe t r o n g 100ml dung dich gom HNO3 I M va H2SO4 0,3M thu dugc dung dich X. Dung dich X c6 the tac dung voi toi da m gam bgt Cu. Biet k h i N O la san pham k h u duy nha't ciia N*^ trong cac qua trinh tren. Gia trj cua m la A . 1,92. B.2,56. C. a64. ' 3Cu + 'Mol: a03 ^ Cu + 8H* ' + 2NO; 0,08 ^ > 3Cu2* + 2NO + 4H2O 0,02"'^' ^ ' 2Fe3* Mol: 0,01 < - 0,02 0,03 ''^•^ "^ ^ "^ T ^ ' ^ - -^-^^-''^ > Cu^* + 2Fe2* , s n u b IrnnCS. oftv Ife rtirsH} iDrn -^miuV-A ri>^> m = 0,04.64 = 2,56 gam Dap an B. Vi dV 7: Cho 2,24 gam Fe vao 200 ml dung dich gom NaN03 0,3M va H2SO4 0,6M, thu dugc dung dich X. Cho mot thanh Cu vao X, sau Idii cac phan ^ g hoan toan, thay khoi lugng thanh Cu giam m gam. Gia tri ciia m la A. 3,2. B.6,4. C.4,8. D. 8,0. , Laigidi: ' .. B r.u':> n i. i;>t,;, ' i . , * fj n„+=0,24mol;n^^_=0,04mol.. Fe Mol: 0,04 + 4H^ + NO30,16 ' ' ar^O ^ 3 " > Fe3^+ N O + 2H2O 0,04 • 3Cu Mol: 0,03 + 8H* + 2 N O i 0,08 Cu + 2Fe3^ Mol: 0,02 0,04 > 3Cu2* + 2NO + 4H2O 0,02 > ' 0,04 X CO chua: n^ 3+ = 0,04; n„+ = 0,08; n^,^_ = 0,02; Na^ va SO^''''**^ ' iu,u;i<, ^ ..^ , . . a ^ j j 061 f: .anBC}fcf' > CuS04 + 2FeS04 -Xft 'M(f^ei^5 oriS :1E + Fe2(S04)3 Mol: 0,01 0,04 r Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vigt ^1 Cu2* + 2Fe2^ • ' itHOsV. £10',./,' - .H 3"^'^- "^'"-J'' - - •- ' -> ncu = 0,03 + 0,02 = 0,05 mol - » mcu = 0,05.64 = 3,2 gam ^ Dap an A. ...y^ 3. B A I T A P O N L U Y E N airiqr'^iiJ.'ib**.•uec^ .M i .u. (UH^:/. • . Bai 1: Dot chay hoan toan 7,2 gam kim loai M (hoa tri 2) bang mot lugng vira dii la 0,25 mol hon hgp khi CI2 va O2, thu dugc 23 gam chat ran. K i m loai M la D. 3,20. A. Be. B. Cu. C. Ca. '»T->rr^D. M g . Bai 2: Dot nong 1,40 gam hon hgp X gom Cu, Zn va M g trong khi oxi, thu dugc nFe= 56 =0,02 mol. - - *^. , f ' \..U:v^,: Nhqn xet: Khi axit HNO3 c6 mat dong thoi vai axit H2SO4 loang thi lugng H * trong dung djch la do 2 axit phan l i ra -> Giai theo phuang trinh ion. V = nRNOg + 2nH2S04 = 0,1 mol; n n i i.x^j'irtntf • < TIRIJ Phuang trinh ion nit ggn: Fe Mol: + 4H* 0,02 <- 0,08 ./^ + NO; 0,02 ^ Fe^ -> + N O + 2H2O ,, 0,02 K h i d i o X tac dung vai Cu: 4 5 | , D . i . d D , d ^ ^ , , djch H2SO4 2M. Gia tri cua V la A. 40. B.30. _ C.20. „, D. 50. ^ai 3: Cho 1,68 gam kim loai R (hoa tri n khong doi) tac dyng voi 0,025 mol O2, thu dugc chat rMn X. Hoa tan het X trong dung djch HCl, thu dugc 0,448 lit = 0,1 + 2.0,03 = 0,16 mol 2- = 0,03 mol. 2,04 gam hon hgp Y gom 3 oxit. De hoa tan het Y can toi thieu V m l dung •* ,i j^Su '' %iinilv ,,JA,IJ3. khi H 2 (dktc). K i m loai R la A. Ca. B. Zn. cU,u ,, j , . C. A l . D. M g . 4: Hoa tan het 20,88 gam mgt oxit sat bang dung dich H2SO4 dac, nong thu ^irgc dung dich X va 3,248 lit khi SO2 (san pham k h u duy nhat, 6 dktc). Co X, thu dugc m gam muoi sunfat khan. Gia trj cua m la A. 52,2. B.54,0. ' C.58,0. D. 48,4. '' 185 Cim nang On luy^n thi d?i hqc 18 chuy6n <3i H6a hpc - Nguygn Van HSi Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang V i j t Bai 5: N g a m m o t d i n h sat t r o n g 200ml d u n g d i c h C u S 0 4 a mol/1. Sau k h i p h a n l i n g ke't thiic, lay d i n h sat ra k h o i d u n g d i c h , rira sach, say k h o v a d e m can, thay k h o i l u g n g d i n h sat tang 0,8 gam. Gia t r i cua a la A . 0,50. B. 0,25. C. 0,30. l^han xet: Bao toan k h o i l u g n g : m o j = 2,04 - 1,40 = 0,64 g a m Vay: n o = ^ D . 0,20. Bai 6: N h i i n g m o t thanh sat vao 200ml d u n g d i c h g o m Cu(N03)2 0,2M va A g N O a 0,1M. Sau m o t t h o i gian lay thanh k i m loai ra, riia sach l a m kho, B. 1,40 gam. C. 1,68 g a m . D . 1,96 gam. Bai 7: Cho h o n h g p hot g o m 1,3 gam Z n va 2,8 gam Fe vao 400ml d u n g dich CuS04 a mol/1 sau p h a n u n g hoan toan t h u d u g c 4,4 g a m chat r a n X g o m hai k i m loai. Gia t r j cua a la A . 0,20. '^"^ trong axit tao t h a n h H 2 O theo p h u o n g t r i n h : + 02M o l : 0,04 2H0,08 - » nH2S04 = ^ " H * . S0,0 >H20 " tO,0 :lo„M Ou-fj*->^.i,:,^,.f-,viv=t'^''i..^^^^^^ = 0-04 m o l ^ VH2SO4 = ^ 'cq ^ = 0,02 l i t = 20 m l ^ ''^^'^ B.0,30. C.0,15. " c O i / b . aiO. " 'ir Bai 8: Cho h o n h o p X g o m Fe203, Z n O va C u tac d u n g v o i d u n g dich H C l (du) t h u d u g c d u n g d i c h Y v a phan k h o n g tan Z. Cho Y tac d y n g v o i d u n g dich N a O H (loang, d u ) t h u d u g c ket tiia A . Fe(OH)2, C u ( O H ) 2 va Z n ( O H ) 2 . C. Fe(OH)2 va Cu(OH)2. )MS + D . Fe(OH)3. - 'HH + uDt Bai 9: Cho 0,12 m o l Fe tac d u n g v o i 0,4 m o l axit H N O 3 t o i p h a n u n g hoan toan, t h u d u g c d u n g d i c h Y chua m gam m u o i va k h i N O (san p h a m k h u duy nhat). Gia t r i ciia m la (bie't cap Fe^VFe d u n g t r u d c cap Fe^VFe^*) . B.24,2. C. 29,04. _> D a p an C ^_ j g ^ j „ eO,0.de • ( B + f0,0).d5 • \^^jta ' - Nhan xet: R Ian l u g t tac d u n g voi 2 chat oxi hoa la O 2 va H C l (H*). — n , = 4 n o 2 + n H c i = 4 n o 2 + 2nH2 = ^'^ ^ ^'04 = ai4. > 1,68 . B. Fe(OH)3 va Z n ( O H ) 2 . A . 25,32. n ^ 2 - = a04 m o l . ,.,)./,„,An K h i cho o x i t k i m loai tac d u n g v o i axit, i o n O^" t r o n g o x i t se ket h g p v o i H * thay khoi l u g n g thanh sat tang 1,76 gam. K h o i l u ^ n g sat da p h a n u n g la A . 1,12 g a m . = 0,04 m o l ^ ; ,, _ ,^yj. ,^. , n = 0,14 R = 12n. V a y n = 2 va R = 24 ( M g ) ^ D a p an D . ^ ^^^'i^ \!iii:t . ^ uJ ^0 " r V f r n E § Ot^,| § n 6 n i o Q :S' Nhqn xet: Bao toan khoi l u g n g : 7,2 + m o j + n i c i j = 23 M' 0,05 + M o l : 0,2 Ch 0,2 g i '" > M a 2 4h^nu^^nMih'i'mo ,fis:.a ,>t>{t>) , H id .o./ i^^^^^ - > i i M = 0,2 + 0,1 = 0,3 m o l ^ M = ^ - 24 ( M g ) . ^ ^ i ^ 8wb,t>9^j? . . . . . j - i ...J)>?. , .u^,^ ; s •ygxih udl m, -> D a p an D . 186 j ' .Q.8e.3 Xl,^ M ~- > Fe2(S04)3 x - 20,0)d5 = x.m :DBrW mFe2(so4)3= 0,145.^.400 = 58 gam ^ D a p an C. IG} ' Onh^hQ <^ ^ ^ ^P^^ "Of^ ^^J^ ^ 32x + 71y = 15,8. M a t k h a c : x + y = a 2 5 x = a05; y = a20. - ( " ^ ^ . i^;^^: ,s.t „ .:„,. .,. fib{i)n rsol mix nih^ O i i , ! o i r O ' t f .jj,,... 2 M + 0 2 - ^ ^^o^fy-WnBii^m -''^''^^ M o l : 0,1 B a o t o a n n g u y e n t o F e : 2FeO " .£,£6./ ^ach 1: Giai theo p h u o n g t r i n h hoa hgc: Fe + - -^.^ > FeS04 + C u CuS04 ^ ...v. ,r>,u a2a M o l : 0,2a < - 0,2a ,,..3 j^pjc , ^ O'lmol > ImolCu t - > K h o i l u g n g tang 8 g a m . ~* " C U S O 4 " F e = 0,1 m o l - > 0,2a = 0,1 . j . .... _ ^ , ^yj^^^ , "^n 2: T a n g g i a m k h o i l u o n g : ImolFe ,^ ^^^^ ^ i l u 3 : l . u . ^ 6 1 l u g u g d i n h sat tang = 64.0,2a - 56.0,2a = 1,6a 1,6a = 0 , 8 a = 0,5 ^ D a p an A. , + fO- OHd , gmih tang as gam. a = 0,5 ^ D a p an A . , i oi1 xivui'J ^ qj.<-f < Cty T N H H M I V Ca'm nang On luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chuy6n dg H6a hqc - Nguygn V a n H&\ D V V H Khang V i j t Bai6: nAgN03 = 0,02 m o l ; ncu(N03)2 = • >l mol. xet: T i n h o x i hoa A g * > Cu^* —> A g N O s p h a n l i n g t r u o c r o i mod de'ti NMn Cu(N03)2. \ Phan l i n g hoa hQC: •'\„^,„^,:'' • ; •;, ^„ , O /loi Jixr, r r i , j^nub 'ifiJ ihOl mix' ii/o orJ'j i , M o l : 0,01 < - 0,02 Fe Mol: a <— a a mtsng Theo bai: m Fe wng = 1,76 gam - > 1,6 + 8a = 1,76 = (64-56)a = 8a gam. Bai7: „ Nzn = 0,02 m o l ; npe " . ^ . , $^1 M o l : 0,02 ^ ' 1 Fe Mol: ^ ^ X + 0,02 mx = Cu ., X mFedu+ mcu ^ X ^, , 0,4a = 0,06 nFe(pu) + > A1(N03)3 ^ ^, ^ , ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , x = 0,04; a = 0,15. 2+ = 2n > Fe(N03)2 + 2 A g 0,01 0,02 > xay ra p h a n u n g : > Fe(N03)3 + AgN03 0,005 ^ Cu > 2FeCl3 + 3H2O 6HC1 > ZnCh ^ + 2FeCl3 > CuCh o i + H2O nr> " r .iieiO;: ^. an C. + Ag Q^Q05 (3) ,M.0Om:flA ' "''^***'^' -£nS <"H noi • ' ^ ' 'J I * - ififi (r) 9£ - n \ • ii'j ijii - 'H . •~;6dri n^ib riom njl B I VGX '§b n?i>! uyrb lit, "Hb Ififb hvfl. ri-jtb j^nub JOfirt g r f i b o^v gnurfn ivjv* .jfcol miA nbm ah j^jidrii rf')'- • ) = 66,; FeCls he't. "'^ ''"^'^ < ^ ^^ ^^' Hai ket tua la Fe(OH)2 va Cu(OH)2.'" Lieu y 2: Zn(OH)2 luong tinh nen da tan trong N a O H du. Dap (a-ifoo^OBiH r j ^ u p qert nfiij^ 'jfiori) u s d n i ^ v q ^ h Dt^it 3uy qaiJ (£) ^ucff^ ohn > I'. + 2FeCl2 Y gom: F e C h , C u C h va Z n C h . C h o Y + dung dich N a O H d u ^ — > — ;--):»tiMV ibiV » "', • tac dung dugc voi muoi FeCla vua tao thanh: Chat ran Z la C u con d u ^ (2) i Lm< y; Q u a n t r o n g nhat la cac e m can viet d u o c p h a n u n g (3). nio1 ^^j^^ ^^ V _ + 2HC1 Lieu y l:Cu M^if^ffOitt^Q^mi 0,03 ^^n^^ni^^if^'mm-m N/ian xet: K h i cho X + H C l d u t h i CO 2 chat tac dving true tiep: ZnO nj. -> 0,02 + x = 0,4a. -> Dap an C. + X)^ md mm + 3Ag ^ Chat dn la A g = 0,055 m o l ^ m = 5,94 gam. = x m o l . Bao toan electron: 2n2;n + 2npg(pf,^ M a t khac: mx = 56(0,05 - x) + 64.0,2a = 4,4 Fe203 m^ji noni n/ ^Xffit> .r.oii r ••• 3AgN03 Mol: a = 0,15 m o l . fifjiiH -> D a p an A. -> 2.0,02 + 2x = 2.0,4a Bai 8: , kith . :m\\ a Fe(N03)2 x = 0,04 m o l . -> D a p an C. Cach 2: G p i : r^jp srisi/ j M o l : 0,01 - > 0,03 • = (2,8-56x) + 64.(0,02 + x) = 4,4 ncuS04 = 0/02 + X = 0,06 ^ ' 0,06 Fe'^"^ Ae'*' Nhdn xet: D o cap — j — > — Fe^"" Ag Cu —> 0,04 VIOMM^, «mf i n mtiA' .f, u u . i m f i eriq v > >3Fe(N03)2 Fe + 2 A g N 0 3 M o l : aOl 0,02 0,02 > FeS04 + CuS04 <— + 2Fe(N03)3 _ > m = 0,06.242 + 0,06.180 = 25,32 gam. Al > ZnS04 + M o l : 0,02 = 0,05 m o l . CuS04 A O J M m n A i = 0 , 0 1 m o l ; nFg=0,01 m o l ; nAgNOs = 0,055 m o l . • „ g o m C u va Fe (du) - > C u S 0 4 het. + 0,1 Bai 10: ' Cach 1: Nhan xet: T i n h k h i i Z n > Fe - > Z n p h a n u n g t r u o c r o i m o i den Fe —>• X Zn 0,4 _->. Fe d u = 0,02 m o l v a tiep tuc p h a n u n g v o i Fe(N03)3: —> D a p an A. a = 0,02 m o l . = 56.(0,01 + a) = 56.0,03 = 1,68 gam -)• D a p an C. mFe(pu) MA > Fe(N03)3 + N O + 2H2O Sau p h a n u n g : Fe(N03)3 d u = 0,06 m o l ; Fe(N03)2 = 0,06 m o l . Fe(N03)2 + C u ^'^'^^ ' + 4HN03 M o l : 0,1 < Fe 0,02 ->m.ang = 2,16-0,56 = 1,6 gam. Cu(N03)2 — > + Fe > Fe(N03)2 + iZAg » Fe ' + 2 A g N 0 3 -> Cac p h a n l i n g hoa hoc: r i iriq j\w , ,t,A..<.M:>^ 'Ml'.'!" ^ grtorf-t fn*.- ,5 ! nri>l '•>'' ' Ca'm nang 6n luyCn thi dai hpc 18 chuy6n dS H6a hpc - Nguygn Van HSi Cty TNHH MTV DWH C h u y e n de 8 + AN M(m V i d v , de bao v? v 6 tau bien bang thep, n g u d i ta gan vao v6 tau (phan c h i m ^-^^ g r m nsffq oyt qsii 6v lorn S0;0 = t i h • ' Phuang phdp dien hoa: No'i k i m loai can bao ve v o i 1 tarn k i m loai khac c6 t i n h k h u m a n h h o n . K I M LOAI - IHltU €Hlt K I M LOAI 1. A N M O N K I M L O A I a. K h a i n i ? m -' Khang Vijt t r o n g n u o c bien) n h i i n g tarn kem. K h i tau hoat dong, tarn k e m b i an m o n dan, v 6 tau d u p e bao v^. Sau m p t t h o i gian n g u a i ta thay cac tarn k e m khac. Su pha h u y k i m loai hoac h o p k i m do tac d u n g hoa hoc cua m o i truorig x u n g q u a n h goi la s u an m o n k i m loai. b. Phan loai VI D U ^-''("OVi'v-r^ -.vrHf rtsrfr: MAU V i dvi 1: K h i d i e u che h i d r o t u Z n va d u n g d i c h H2SO4 loang, neu t h e m vao An m o n k i m loai d u g c chia t h a n h 2 loai chinh: A n m o n hoa hoc va an m6n d i ^ n hoa. + m p t v a i gipt d u n g d i c h CuS04 t h i tha'y k h i H2 thoat ra m g n h h o n . Ban chat cua h i ^ n t u p n g t r e n la •„-•!•> • ^ .i s-: • - f/.'^ - >5 ^ ff'^v*^ 4'^'^ An mon hoa hoc: A. A n m o n dien hoa. A n m o n hoa hpc la sy pha h u y k i m loai do k i m loai p h a n u n g hoa hoc v6i ^^"t"' C. A n m o n k i m loai. ^' • ' ' ' ^' B. A n m o n hoa hpc. 'i'i - - D. A n m o n hpp k i m . axit hoac cac chat k h i (hoi) 6 nhiet dp cao. Dac d i e m ciia an m o n hoa hoc la qua t r i n h oxi hoa-khu, electron dupe chuyen Vidu\ , ,.s;Vt«nf Fe + H2S04(io3ng) 3Fe + + 2O2 .^'-S'iffW • H2 .£0.0 •<-^-10,0 ;{o: > FeS04 + H2 - 'v .,gA^ ^ " ^ ^ —> T i n h o x i hoa Cu^* > H * Cu nen k h i t h e m CuS04 se xay ra ngay qua t r i n h : +€^q '" > Fe304 > ——— Nhqn xet: T r o n g day d i e n hoa, cap t r y c tie'p t u chat oxi hoa deh chat k h u len k h o n g phat sinh d o n g di§n. Zn ' ' " + CuS04 > * ^ x i ii^ ZnS04 + C u - nkqkQ ^ C u thoat ra b a m tren hat Z n nen thoa m a n 3 d i e u kien ve qua t r i n h an m o n An mon dim hod: d i f n hoa: Co h a i k i m loai khac n h a u ( Z n - Cu), tie'p xuc true tie'p v o i nhau A n m o n d i ^ n hoa la s u pha h u y k i m loai do k i m loai tie'p xiic v o i d u n g dich (Cu b a m vao Z n ) va c u n g n h u n g t r o n g d u n g dich chat dien l i (H2SO4 loang). chat d i e n l i tao nen d o n g electron chuyen d a i t u cue a m sang cue d u o n g va D o do xay ra qua t r i n h an m o n dien hoa —> D a p an A. phat sinh d o n g d i f n. Co che an m o n d i e n hoa: Vi •.^_.,f^y.y..:M.._y.^;_,^^ v \. <» i-^ . ., ., ...^ ^ . 2: T r u o n g h p p nao sau day xay ra an m o n di§n hoa: A. Thep de t r o n g k h o n g k h i kho, nong. ^- ' , V i d u CO 2 tarn k i m loai Z n va C u dup-c n h u n g vao d u n g d i c h H2SO4. B. K e m de t r o n g d u n g d i c h H2SO4 loang. Tai cue a m (anot), Z n ( k i m loai m a n h hon) b i o x i hoa: C. Sat chay t r o n g k h o n g k h i . Z n - 2e , "'^"^ , > Zn^* D. V 6 tau bien bSng thep n g a m t r o n g nuoc b i e n . ^ Tai cue d u o n g (eatot), i o n H"^ chuyen den be m a t C u de n h a n electron t u cue a m chuyen t o i va b i o x i hoa tao thanh k h i H2: 2 H * + 2e > H2 Ba d i e u k i ^ n de xay ra an m o n d i f n hoa: ' ^mi>nkdaoBoo.r Laigidi: Loai A, C: T h e p de t r o n g k h o n g k h i kho n o n g hoac dot chay s^t t r o n g khong k h i - » (1) Co hai k i m loai c6 ban chat 8""*^ D e u bj an m o n hoa hpc. SOB^E L o a i B: K e m de t r o n g axit H2SO4 loang EJJ9>1£ K e m bj an m o n hoa hpc. • • i khac n h a u , (2) tie'p xiic t r y c tie'p v a i n h a u (hoac gian tie'p qua day dan) va (3) —> D a p an D . dupe n h i i n g vao c i m g m p t d u n g dich chua chat d i ^ n l i . Luu y: V 6 tau bang thep la h p p k i m Fe - C (chua 2 d i | n cue c6 ban chat khac c. C a c h chong an mon k i m loai: nhau va tie'p xiic t r y e tie'p v o i nhau) va ciing tie'p xiic v a i d u n g d j c h d i ^ n l i + (nuae bien) nen xay ra an m o n dien hoa. Phuomg phdp bdo ve be mat: D i m g n h u n g chat ben v o i m o i t r u o n g p h u len be m a t k i m loai. D o la: :,; V i d v 3: Cho cac h p p k i m sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). K h i D u n g son cho'ng gi, vecni, dau m o , trang men, p h u h p p chat poiime. tie'p xiic v o i d u n g djeh chat dien l i t h i cac h p p k i m m a t r o n g d o Fe b i an M a m p t so' k i m loai ben n h u c r o m , niken, dong, kem, thie'c len be m a t kif^ m o n t r u o c la: A. I , I I va I V . loai can bao ve. B.I, II vain. C.I,IIIvaIV. D. I I , I I I va IV. 1Q1 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi$t C^m nang 6n luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chuySn 66 Hoa hpc - Nguygn Van HSi Lai gidi: ^ Nhan xet: Trong cac qua trinh an mon dien hoa, k i m loai m ^ h han se bi an mon —> Fe bi an mon truoc khi no la chat k h u manh hon (dong vai tro la anot - cue am). Trong cac cap (I), (III), (IV) thi Fe deu manh han, rieng cap (II) thi Zn manh hon. •^DapanC. , . . , • , .:>;;.f:,,,, , ,,• V i di^ 4: Gang bi an mon dien hoa trong khong khi am. Qua trinh kliir xay ra tren •n- be mat aia gang la: ,fe^,^|,.,B,M>i.#«i: A. O2 + 2H2O + 4e C. Fe > 40H- ' -)1»ft»l^s*&i^.»v:t<,r B. 2H2O + 4e > Fe2* +2e D. Fe > O2 + 4 0 H - > Fe^* +3e Lai gidi: ' Thep la hop k i m Fe-C (vdi mot so nguyen to'khac). K h i tie'p xiic voi khong khi am (c6 chiia chat di^n li) se xuat hi^n qua trinh an mon di?n hoa. Fe la cue am (bi an mon), C la cue duong se xay ra su k h u O2 + 2H2O + 4e > 40H- ^nfi^YGx6«<)au^frl9.flj^/l>tm-• —> Dap an A. Luu y: Cac em de chon riham B v i bo qua vai tro cua chat oxi hoa la oxi khong khi. V i du 5: Co 4 dung dich: a) H C l , b) CuCh, c) FeCb, d) H C l c6 Ian CuCh. Nhiing vao moi dung dich mpt thanh Fe nguyen chat. So truong hop xuat hien an mon dien hoa la: A.O. , B. 1. C.2. D.3. yu,<)(i!M" Laigiai, Nhan xet: + Khi nhiing thanh Fe vao cac dung dich H C l va FeCk, Fe bi an mon hoa hpc theo cac phan ling: gr Fe + 2HC1 Fe + 2FeCl3 > FeCk + H2 ' > SFeCk + K h i rihiing Fe vao dung dich CuCk se CO qua trinh: Fe + CuCk .:o,r; 0 > Cu + FeCk Jfi K i m loai Cu sinh ra bam vao Fe tao thanh cap di#n eye nhiing trong dung •' dich dien l i la CuCk nen xay ra an mon dien hoa. + Tuong t u voi dung dich H C l c6 l l n CuCk, Fe se day Cu theo phan ling: ifl Fe + CuCk > Cu + FeCk m, —> Cu bam vao Fe —> Xay ra an mon dien hoa. —> Dap an C. 192 p l E U CHE K I M LOAI phtfcng phap nhif t Iuy?n }Chdi niem: IsThiet luy^n la phuang phap dieu che kim loai bang each dung cac chat khu nhu C, CO, H2, A l de khvr oxit kim loai thanh kim loai a nhi?t dp cao. pham vi dp dung • ' '•' Chat khu la CO, H2 se khvr dug-c cac oxit cua kim loai trung binh va yeu nhu: Oxit sat, (FeO, Fe203, Fe304), oxit dong, oxit chi (khong khu dugc cac oxit kim loai kha manh nhu: AI2O3, MgO...). Chat khu la C: Khu dugc cac oxit cua kim loai tir Zn va tao thanh khi CO. Chat khu la Al: khu dugc cac oxit ciia kim loai tu Cr. . Phtfcng phap thuy luy?n -i, Thuy luyen la phuang phap dieu che kim loai bang each dimg kim loai m^nh hon day kim loai yeu hon ra khoi dung dich muo'i. hieu y: Do'i voi cac kim loai kiem va kiem tho (tru Be, Mg) khi tac dung vai dung dich muoi, chiing se tac dung vai nuoc -> Dung dich baza, bazo tao thanh c6 the tac dung tie'p voi muo'i: Vi du cho N a kim loai vao dung dich CuS04 xay ra cac phuang trinh: 2Na + 2H2O > 2 N a O H + H2 2NaOH + CuS04 Bien phan nong chay Day la phuang phap dieu che cac kim loai manh. Cac kim loai kiem, kiem tho thuang dieu che bang phuang phap dien phan nong chay muoi halogenua; rieng Al dugc dieu che'bang phuang phap di§n ph?n nong chay AkOs voi duang cue bang than chi. MgCk _iP2£_> Mg + C k 2Ak03 o :;iV~H^M; ''P"" > 4A1 + 3O2 Dien phan dung dich Day la phuang phap dieu che cac kim loai trung binh va yeu tu cac dung dich muo'i tuang ling ciia chiing. iLuong hap 1: Goc axit tham gia di^n phan: CuCk _ i P ^ Cu + Ck Iruang hop 2: Goc axit khong tham gia dien phan: CuS04 + H2O — ;W > Na2S04 + Cu(OH)2^ Phttong phap di^n phan u + -O2 + H2SO4 2 4AgN03 + 2H2O — ^ 2 ^ 4Ag + O2 + 4HN03 C ' 193 \jt.y Ca'm nang 6n luyen thi dgl hoc 18 chuyen d8 H6a hpc - Nguyin Van Hi\ D i n h luat Faraday ( t i n h lup-ng chat t h u d u g c 6 cac d i | n cue): m = m: K h o i l u g n g chat t h u dug-c a d i ^ n cue Lm Alt FexOy (gam) n: So electron trao d o i m a ion d a n h a n de t^o t h a n h n g u y e n t u (phan tu) t u o n g u n g 6 d i e n cue. i ...m,- ' . . ^ 1 . Lieu y: T u cong thue d i n h luat Faraday, so mol electron . v trao d o i t r o n g qua t r i n h d i ^ n p h a n d u o c t i n h theo eong thue: n g = — .n = — Day la cong thue giiip giai nhanh chong nhieu bai tonffcfien ViDVMAU phan. • ,^.nn n u n g a nhiet d o eao. Sau p h a n u n g h o n hgp ran con lai la: V , rfn- Lai giai: Nhan xet: D a y la each d i e u che k i m loai bang p h u a n g p h a p n h i f t luyen. 6 n h i ^ t d p cao, k h i H 2 C 6 the k h u cac oxit k i m loai d i m g sau Z n . 6 bai nay, k h i H2 k h u dupe cac oxit CuO, Fe203 t h a n h C u , Fe; k h o n g khir V i d^ 2: Cho l u o n g k h i C O (du) d i qua 12 gam h o n h p p g o m Fe203 v a M g O n u n g n o n g den k h i p h a n u n g hoan toan, t h u d u p e 9,6 g a m chat ran. Khoi l u p n g Fe203 c6 t r o n g h o n h p p ban d a u la: B. 16 gam. a ax ^'^ = 0 , 1 m o l 56 npe „,,^ , ,^ 2 - = 3 O y /;Sv;.„-v-V, V c o = 0,15.22,4^ = 3,36 l i t - ^ D a p an D . I \.H:/sf i yjnij ?A i; u i 'i;''.* i>t;..>i Vrno = 3,36 Nhan xet: XXQ ^^xit) = " c o = "002 = 0,15 -> Vco2 = 3,36 ->• L o a i B v a C. p h a n u n g ke't thue, lay la k e m ra k h o i d u n g dich, r u a sach, say k h o v a dem can, thay kho'i l u p n g la k e m g i a m 0,05 gam. Gia t r i cua a la A. 0,30. B. 0,25. C. 0,50. 1 mol Zn > 1 m o l Cu giai: 0,05 m o l <- r.C/Ag D . 0,20. ' d d£ ioi ' • 6C\'..Q) —> Kho'i l u p n g g i i m 1 gam. < — g i a m 0,05 gam. r i C u S 0 4 = " Z n = 0'05 m o l -> 0,1a = 0,05 ^ a = 0,5 - > ^ D a p an C. V i dv 5: K h i d i ^ n p h a n d u n g d i c h CuS04 ( v o i d i ^ n eye t r o ) t h i cac qua t r i n h C. 24 gam. A. O x i hoa H2O v a k h u i o n Cu^*. B. K h i r i o n Cu^"^ v a o x i hoa H2O. C. K h u i o n Cu^* va o x i hoa i o n SO 4 " . D. K h u H2O va o x i hoa i o n Cu^*. Lai D . 12 gam. 2Fe + 3C02 Cyc a m (eatot) eo i o n Cu^* v a H2O H2O > Cu >-O2 2 + 4 H * +2e ,r giai: Cye d u o n g (anot) eo H2O va i o n SO 4 T a n g - g i a m k h o i l u p n g : m o (trong F e 2 0 3 ) = 12 - 9,6 = 2,4 g a m I o n Cu^* b i d i $ n p h a n : {Qua trinh khie) —> H2O b i d i ^ n p h a n : (Qua trinh oxi hoa) 80,6 " : l o i . —> D a p an B. 2 4 n o = - ^ = 0,15 m o l " 16 n Ghi nha cau tha: A n h la A n o t n h u o n g e, Em la Catot n h a n e t h o i ma. V i dy 6: D i e n p h a n 800 m l d u n g d i c h A g N O a 0,1M v o i d i e n cue t r a t r o n g t gia, rnpejOa ~ 0/05.160 = 8 gam -> D a p an A . V i d\ 3: K h u h o a n toan m o t oxit sat FcxOy a n h i ^ t d p cao can v i r a d u V l i t kl^' C O (dktc), sau p h a n u n g t h u dupe 5,6 gam Fe v a 0,15 m o l k h i CO2. Cong t h i i c cua o x i t sSt v a gia t r i cua V la C. FeO v a 2,24. ax = 0,1; ay = 0,15 ^ ^f,;^' Nhan xet: K h i C O c h i k h u d u p e Fe203 theo phan l i n g : A. Fe304 va 3,36. ay gach2: Cu2* + 2e Fe203 + 3 C O xFe + y C 0 2 xay ra 6 r y e a m v a cue d u o n g Ian l u p t la d u p e M g O , A I 2 O 3 - > D a p an D. A. 8 gam. giai: N/zflM xef: T a n g g i a m k h o i l u p n g : D . C u , Fe, A h O a , M g O . .i,,.,, yCO — ^ Lai B. C u , Fe, A l , M g . ' viyt V i dv 4: N g a m m o t la k e m t r o n g 100 m l d u n g d i c h CuS04 a mol/1. Sau k h i V i dxf. 1: Cho l u o n g k h i H2 (du) qua h o n h g p cae o x i t C u O , Fe263, A I 2 O 3 , MgO C. C u , Fe, A l , M g O . iMiuiiy M a t khae: n^^: TYQ = 0,5:0,15 = 2:3 -> Fe203 -> D a p an D . _ A . C u , FeO, A I 2 O 3 , M g O . Mol: + O x i t sat la Fe203 t: t h a i gian d i # n p h a n (giay) F: H a n g so Faraday (F = 96.500) ivi i V L ^ v v i i ach 1: Giai theo p h u o n g t r i n h hoa hpc nP A : Kho'i Itfong m o l n g u y e n t u (mol.phan t u ) ciia chat t h u dug'c a d i ^ n cue. I : C u o n g d p d o n g d i e n (ampe) MViiii , .., -s^ . ,,, B. Fe304 v a 4,48. - . m » EOMS • D . Fe203 va 3,36. ; c u o n g d p d o n g di?n k h o n g d o i 1,34A (hi^u sua't qua t r i n h d i ^ n p h a n la 100%), t h u d u p e chat ran X, d u n g d i c h Y v a k h i Z. Cho m o t t h a n h Fe vao Y, sau k h i cac p h a n u n g ke't thiic thay k h o i l u p n g t h a n h Fe tang t h e m 2,36 gam va c 6 k h i N O (san p h a m k h u d u y nhat ciia N^^ bay ra. Gia t r i eiia t la "") A. 0,8. B. 1,2. .- . C.1,0. D.0,3. " 195 dm nang On luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chuy6n di H6a hpc - NguyJn Van HSi Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt Lot gidi: Phan ling dien phan dung dich AgNOs: ' " . + H2O —^Edd_). 2Ag + ^ 0 2 2AgN03 |. + 2HN03 Mol: 2a "'^ ' ' ' ' 2a ' 2a ' '^^' Nhqn xet: Vi khoi lug-ng Fe tang them nen thanh Fe dupe A g bam vao-^ y chiia A g N 0 3 - > AgNOs chua bi di^n phan het* l«l^/;v.' Cac phan ung khi cho Fe vao Y: Fe Mol: + 4HN03 0,5a > Fe(N03)3 + N O + 2 H 2 0 , o y a n i ^ M ' 2a -> 0,5a f' Can luu y Fe tac dung voi Fe(N03)3: Fe + 2Fe(N03)3 Mol: 0,25a •(- 0,5a Fe + 2AgN03 Mol: b <- 2b Bai 3: Trong pin di^n hoa Zn-Cu, qua trinh khir trong pin la A. Zn^* + 2e / -l^ j ' > 3Fe(N03)2 /^^v 3.BAITAP6NLUYEN pai 1: "Sat tay" la sat dupe trang mot lop thiec mong de bao v§ sat khong b} an mon, ten gpi eua phuong phap eho'ng an mon nay la: , . A. Phuong phap hoa hoe. B. Phuong phap d i f n hoa. , , C. Phuong phap bao ve be mat. D. Phuong phap tao hpp k i m khong gi. Bai 2: Co 4 dung dieh rieng biet: CuS04, ZnCh, FeCb, AgNOa. Nhiing vao moi dung dich mpt thanh N i . So truong hpp xuat hif n an mon di^n hoa la A. 2. .B.4. C.3. D. 1. rVrt', r,-'^ " - ^ ' ' ' , i » V i i i W.KWMi * > Fe(N03)2 + 2Ag ' ' ' .ofex* - > 'jsufTO-f C. Cu Vi C. 17,20 gam. D. 5,12 gam. LMgidi: 2,688 nt = „\ , = 0,12 mol. , „ , Mol: 0,08 <- > CuCh . M o l : 0,08 Y,:. CUSO4 y " M o l : 0,08 + 0,08 Na2S04 ^^nwib D 0,08 196 B.2. C.4. D.3. " hon hpp chat ran X. Cho X tac dung voi dung djch N a O H du, thu dupe 6,72 lit khi H2 (dktc). Hi^u suat phan ling nhi?t nhom la: ... A. 60%. B.50%. • C. 75%. D. 80%. Bii 6: Trpn m gam bpt A l voi 16 gam bpt Fe203 thu dupe hon hpp X. Nung 0,08 0,08 + H 2 0 — i E ^ i ^ Cu + -02 2 0,08 < - 0,04 ^ B.4,48. C. 6,72. D. 8,96. 7: Tien hanh phan ung nhi^t nhom voi h6n hpp bpt gom A l va CuO, thu dupe eha't ran X. Chia X thanh hai phan bang nhau. ,j i"-. + Phan 1 tac dung vua d i i voi 100ml d u r g dich NaOH I M . ^ Phan 2 tac dyng voi dung djch HNO3 loang, d u thu dupe V lit N O (san ; pham k h i i duy nha't, o dktc). , , ^ Gia tri eiia V la: + H2SO4 u -> Khoi lupng dung dich giam = 64.0,16 + 0,08.71 + 0,04.32 = 17,2 gam. Dap an C. " \ Bai 5: Trpn 32 gam Fe203 voi 13,5 gam A l roi nung 6 nhi^t dp eao, thu dupe 0: A. 2,24. Thii t u dien phan n h u sau: > Cu + CI2 ' thu dupe V lit N O (san pham khu duy nha't, 6 dktc). Gia tri eiia V la: ^ X gom cac muoi: CuCh = 0,08 mol; CuS04 = 0,16 mol va Na2S04 = 0,08 m o l . CuCh ^^"^ "'"'^ dupe 21,4 gam chat ran Y. Cho Y tac dung voi dung dich HNO3 loang, d u i*-^ v 0,16 ' (4) Cho thanh Fe tiep xiic voi thanh Cu roi nhiing vao dung dich HCl. v^,,, Phan ling "quy d o i " gia dinh: 2NaCl ^' nong X trong dieu ki?n khong c6 khong khi toi phan ling hoan toan, thu 22,4 CuS04 + , ^ So truong hpp xuat hi^n an mon di^n hoa la tra, mang ngan xop) den khi tha'y thoat ra 6 anot 2,688 lit khi (dktc) thi ngung B. 12,08 gam. ^ > Zn^* + 2e. (3) Nhiing thanh Cu vao dung djch FeCb; A.l. di|n phan. Khoi luong dung dich sau dien phan giam d i bao nhieu gam? D. Zn (2) Nhiing thanh Fe vao dung dich CuS04; ^ = 0/04 mol ^ t = 2880 giay = 0,8 gio ^ Dap an A. A. 6,96 gam. > Cu2* + 2e. > Cu. (1) Nhiing thanh Fe vao dung djch FeCb; 2b 7: Di?n phan dung dich X gom 0,16 mol NaCl va 0,24 mol CuS04 (dien cue B. Cu^* + 2e Bai 4: Tien hanh boh thi nghi^m sau: Theo bai: 2b.l08 - 56(0,75a + b) = 2,36. w: a'.: Matkhac: nAgNOa = 2a + 2b = 0,08 a =0,02 mol; b =0,02 moi. £ jo; ne= 2a = 0,04 > Zn. A. 2,24. j B.4,48. C. 6,72. D. 8,96. ^ai 8: Hon hpp Y gom CuO, FeO va Fe203. Hoa tan hoan toan 27,6 gam Y bang dung dich H2SO4, thu dupe 59,6 gam muol. M§t khae, ne'u khii hoan toan 27,6 gam X can vua d i i V lit khi CO (dktc). Gia trj eua V la A. 4,48. B.6,72. C. 8,96. D. 5,60. ,.CI .J 't.8<^,> CJm ^ nang 6n luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chuygn dg H6a hqc - Nguygn Van HJi pai 9: Nhung mot la kim loai R (hoa tri 2) c6 khoi lugng 10 gam vao 200ml dung dich CuS04 0,1M cho den khi phan ling hoan toan thu duoc chat rAn X va Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt THI/O'NG DAN-LCJI G I A I Rai ^' dung dich Y chua 3,22 gam muoi. K i m loai M la Sn trang len Fe se bao phii be mat tranh cho Fe bi an mon A. Mg. . phvrang phap bao ve be mat —> Dap an C . ^'^ B. Be. C . Fe. D. Zn. dien hoa la de bao v§ kim loai, can ghep no vol kim loai m^nh hon. hoan toan, thu dug-c dung dich X gom hai muo'i va chat ran Y gom hai kim 2: loai. H a i muoi trong X la A.MgCh vaFeCh. ^ , C . F e C h va CuCb. AgNOa 0,2M. Sau mpt thoi gian lay thanh kim loai ra, rua sach lam kho, thay khoi luong thanh M g tang 2,72 gam. Khoi lugng M g da phan ung la C . 0,48 gam. 0,2M va Cu(N03)2 0,5M. Sau khi cac phan ung xay ra hoan toan, thu dugc B.5,36. C . 4,08. -.''-:vr r:- N i khong bi an mon. + Nhung N i vao dung dich FeCla thi N i bi an mon hoa hgc do phan ling: Ni + 2FeCl3 > NiCh + 2FeCl2 —>• D a p an A. pai 12: C h o 1,3 gam hot Z n vao 100ml dung dich chua hon hgp gom AgNOa A. 2,80. •••:> • C u va N i - A g —> A n mon dien hoa. D . 0,96 gam. dung dich X v a m gam chat ran Y . Gia tri cua m la: if-y cac kim loai nay lai bam tren be mat N i D. MgCh va FeCh. B. 0,72 gam. .:,..,..,,.v.,i + Nhiing N i vao cac dung dich CuS04 hoac AgNOa thi N i se day C u v a A g ra, B. M g C h va CuCh. pai 11: N h u n g mot thanh M g vao 100ml dung dich gom Cu(N03)2 0,3M va A. 1,20 gam. day cac em de chgn nham dap an B. C a n nho rang phuang phap luu y: pai 10: Cho hon hgp gom M g va Fe vao dung djch C u C h deh khi cac phan virig D a y la Bai3: Van dung cm tha: A n h la Anot nhuang e, E m la Catot nhan e thoi ma. ^ Trong pin Z n - C u , ta c6: D . 2,16. ' • pai 13: Cho hon hgp bpt gom 1,3 gam Z n va 3,2 gam C u vao 200ml dung dich Anot (cue am), Z n nhuong electron thanh Zn^* (qua trinh oxi hoa Zn): ^ AgNOa a mol/1 sau phan ung hoan toan thu dugc 12,08 gam chat ran X gom Zn hai kim lo^i. Gia tri cua a la Catot (cue duang): Ion Cu^* den nhan electron (qua M n h khii ion Cu^*): A. 0,20. B.0,30. T'lMj C.0,15. • Cu2* + 2e D . 0,50. pai 14: Cho 4,1 gam hon hgp X gom Z n va Fe vao 200ml dung dich CuS04 0,2M. , Sau khi cac phan ihig xay ra hoan toan, Igc thu dugc 4,24 gam chat ran Y va > Zn2- + 2e. " y ^_..i_-_Q|i:>,,iA igrm riE/iq tj.u > C u . ' i A ^^:tt.: Dap an B. ' ••:>iMJ%;' ' • • ' BM4: dung dich Z chiia hai muoi. Khoi lugng cua Z n trong X la: Nhan xet: 6 thi nghi^m 2 (Fe day C u v a C u bam vao Fe) v a 4 (Fe tiep xuc vol A. 0,65 gam . Cu) -> D e u sinh ra cap di|n c\fc Fe - C u , tiep xiic tryctiep vai nhau va ciing B. 1,3 gam C . 1,95 gam. D . 2,6 gam. nhung trong mgt dung dich di|n li pai 15: Di^n phan 200ml dung dich gom AgNOs 0,5M va Cu(N03)2 I M bang Lieu y: 6 thi nghi?m 1 v a 3, Fe b} an mon hoa hgc theo cac phan ling: li dong dif n mgt chieu vol cuong dg dong dif n 2,68A trong thai gian 4 gia. |,, Kho'i lugng kim loai thoat ra 6 catot la: A. 20,4 gam. B. 23,6 gam. C . 10,2 gam. D . 11,8 gam/' Xuat hi|n an mon di|n hoa -> D a p an B. -fy?^ vt;;/''^ Fe + 2FeCla > 3FeCl2 C u + 2FeCla > C u C k + 2FeCh f + Xo^»^ • pai 16: Di#n phan dung dich hon hgp chua 0,15 mol CuS04 va 0,1 mol H C l trong thai gian 2 gio v a i dong difn c6 cuong dg la 1,34A. Biet h i f u suat ciia J?/ = 0,5 mol; n^^^o, = ^ nAl= ^ = ^'^ "H2 ~ = 0'^ qua trinh di|n phan la 100%. Khoi lugng kim loai thoat ra tai catot la: A. 6,4 gam. B. 3,2 gam. C . 12,8 gam. 2A1 D . 9,6 gam. Bai 17: D i ? n phan dung dich X gom 0,2 mol N a C l va 0,2 mol CuS04 (di^n afc Mol: 2a + <- Fe203 — ^ a tro, mang ngan xo'p) den khi khoi lugng dung dich giam di 17,5 gam thi K h i cho X + N a O H du: ngung di^n phan. The rich khi (dktc) thoat ra 6 anot la Al A. 1,12 lit. B. 1,68 lit. C . 2,24 lit. D . 2,80 lit. + NaOH + H2O AI2O3 i >m • + 2Fe 2a - > nAidu = 0 , 5 - 2 a . ^ > NaAICh + | H 2 U S , ^ • U 0 , , > 199 Ca'm nang On luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chuy§n 6i Hoa hgc - Nguyjn VSn Hai AI2O3 + 2NaOH 3 Cty TNHH MfV DVVH Khang Vi$t > 2NaA102 + 2H2O _ ^ Mian xe^: n H , = as ^ - (a5-2a) = 0,3-> a = 0,15. • Bai6: H2 ' 2 ^ ' ' : ' - ; '^^^ • 1 /Till j^nrv^' • • H = ^ ^ . 1 0 0 % = 75% ^ D a p a n C , 0,2 ^ * m = 5,4 ^ nA,= ^ » = X a2 mol. ^ " ^ ° 3 > AI3^, pe^^. H M ^ T ? > "CUSO4 -> C u S 0 4 p h a n u n g h e t . fr^. ; , r Nhan thdy: t u tr^ng thai dau tien den trang thai cuoi ciing thi: So'oxi hoa ciia A p dyng bao toan electron: ng=3nAi =3nNO CuS04 ^ < ,, , ^ C u C k het . i > 1 , > MSO4 + C u 0,02 1^.1 0,02 , , M = 65(Zn) ^ D a p an D . ' A , ; Nhan xet: Y gom 2 kim l o ^ —> Y chiia Mg hoac Fe , Fe khong doi (luon la +3), con so oxi hoa ciia A l tang tit 0 len +3. + , n; i" - > MMSOA = - ^ = 161 ^ 0,02 Bai 10: , ^ M Mol: 0,02 <- So do phan ling: Al^ FeaOg Nhan xet: Trong cac dap an, kim loai c6 khoi lugng mol Ion nha't la Z n Phan ling hoa hpc: N/zfl« A:et: Truoc het can ap dung bao toan khoi lugfng: m x = m y m + 16 = 21,4 ^ Bai 9: - i Mpt kim loai con d u - > Loai B va C . M|t khac: Do tinh khii M g > Fe — Mg phan ling truac roi moi den Fe. > Gia sii M g con d u — Fe con nguyen va C u bi " d a y " ra het - > Chat rSn X > HC* gom 3 kim lo^ii — Dieu gia sii la sai. > -> n ^ o = r»Al= 0/2 mol -> V = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 lit -> Dap an B. Mg phan ling het va Fe phan ling mpt phan —> Y gom Fe d u va C u . Bai7: -> Hai muoi trong X la M g C h va F e C h -> Dap an A . Nhan xet: K h i cho phan 1 + N a O H , tat ca A l va AI2O3 deu chuyen vao hp-p chtYt NaA102 -> A p d y n g bao toan nguyen to'Na va A l ta c6: nNaOH="NaA102 = " A l ) A l ^ \. Nhan thdy: T u trang thai dau tien den trang thai cuoi cung thi: So oxi hoa ciia C u khong doi (luon la +2), con so'oxi hoa cua A l tang tu 0 len +3. A p dyng bao toan electron: -> n ^ o = " A r 0,1 mol ^ " A g N 0 3 = 0,02 mol; ncu(N03)2 = 0,03 mol. Nhan xet: T i n h oxi hoa Ag* > Cu^* Cu(N03)2. »i>UV!iJ C/»?T S S > , • nAi= 0,1.1 = 0,1 mol. So do phan ling: A l , C u O — ^ X Bai 11: Phan ling hoa hpc: M g + 2AgN03 Mol: 0,01 < - 0,02 Mol: V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lit. a <— . , f TlfWC{" &fo «r--..v. > Mg(IJ03)2 + C u a a Theo bai: m Mg tang = 2,72 -> Dap an A . AgNOa phan ling trudc roi moi den \ iri* JOP; > Mg(N03)2 + 2Ag 0,02 -> mtang = 2,16-0,24 = l,92g. M g +CU(N03)2 = Sn^i = S n ^ o • > ? mtang = (64-24)a = 40a. 1,92 + 40a = 2,72. -> a = 0,02 mol — > mMg (pu) = 24.(0,01 + a) = 0,72 gam. Bai8: Nhan xet: -> Dap an B. ^,v,,Wj./«-i5 «ir/;, K h i cho X + H2SO4 thi oxit chuyen thanh muoi sunfat va mot ion O^" trong > 1 mol S O ^ ~ - > Khoi lu(?ng tang 96 - 1 6 = 80 gam. a mol ' = 0,02 mol; n^^j^o^ oxit dupe thay the bang mpt ion S O 4" . ' 1 mol 02- Bai 12: ' tang 59,6-27,6 = 32 gam. 32 -> a = — =0,4 mol -> n o (x) = 0,4 mol. 80 K h i cho 27,6 gam X tac d y n g voi C O thi: no (x) = n c o = 0,4 mol. V c o = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 lit - > Dap an C . ^4 ;sh , + ^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ .^^ ^^ Cu(N03)2 0,01 ' = 0,02 mol; ncu(N03)2 = 0,05 mol. Zn + 2AgN03 Mol: 0,01 Zn ..•iii,;,;£;*.!'?.;iK ^'^'^ Phuong trinh hoa hpc: Mol: 0,01-> ' ' > Zn(N03)2 + 2 A g 0,02 j « ; ; > Zn(N03)2 + C u -> 0,01 - > mY = 0,02.108 + 0,01.64 = 2,80 gam - > D a p an A . >«k;, ... r j c i t i ( ' • • ; c': dm nang On luyQn thi dgi hgc 18 chuySn dg H6a hpc - Nguygn Van HSi Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vijt Bai 13: = 0,02 m o l ; nzn ncu = 0,05 m o l . Cachl: - N/iflM xet: X g o m hai k i m loai So m o i CuS04 phan u n g = 0,15 m o l . .m if, fi m i ) j qf ^ • ^ mcntot tang = m A g + m c u Or ^ va C u ( d u ) . Mol: 0,02^ 0,04 " X V - mx = 2x f . , -> „ :h-: . " ^'^ . 0,05 — ^ <-0,l ^ Cu -> j^.,^^, 0,05 r.-..^ . Bai 17: , Phan u n g ^ 0,1 <- > 0,2 T-/-.-,-r «. , j , CuS04 + 2KC1 Mol: , mv - > Fe = 56 da p h a n u n g m p t p h a n de tao t h a n h C u = 64 —> Z gom ZnS04 v a FeS04. ^.. - _ G o i so Z r ban d a u = a m o l ; nFe(p.) = b. N h a n tha'y: 'tidrt gnv .m- r^yi^^:^^^ +. a mol Zn CuCh + -> 0,1 r>i.,tjr K2SO4 b m o l Fe > h mol Cu -> t' tang (64-56)b = 8b " 0,1 ~^^Zn'^ ^ a = 0,02; b = 0,02 J- ^'^Fe(pu) = a + b. mzn = 0,02.65 = 1,3 gam. g " ""^ V - > D a p an B. Bails: • • Nhan xet: D a y la bai toan d i | n phan d u n g djch chua n h i e u chat, ca.c e m nen ap d u n g cong thuc t i n h so m o l electron trao d o i : m It 2,68.4.3600 ^ , , n„=—.n=—= = 0,4 m o l . ^ A F 96500 Ta c6: So'mol electron A g * nh^n vao: 0,1.1 = 0,1 m o l . - > So'mol electron Cu^* nh|n vao = 0,3 m o l CuCl2 Mol: Cu 0,1 0,1 „ '' + CI2 "-"•••"•^ ^-^^^^"'^ 0,1 mgiam = 0,1.(64+ 71)= 13,5 g a m . -> K h o i l u g n g d u n g d i c h con g i a m tie'p 17,5 - 1 3 , 5 = 4 g a m . cuso4 + Mol: a H20 - i p ^ Cu + a io2 0,5a + H2SO4 , * ''•TDfeMS ^ cO:dr ,.^14 4 r;(HO)!/ Vc,2 + V02 = (ai + 0,025).22,4 = 2,8 l i t . L a o c J i o ioinv -» Dap anD.wi ,. " 64a + 32.0,5a = 4 - > a = 0,05 m o l . = 4 , 2 4 - 4 , 1 =0,14 g a m 8 b - a = 0,14. Bao toan electron: 2 n ^ 2+ 4- T h u t u d i e n p h a n n h u sau: gj./j > a m o l C u -> K h o i l u g n g g i a m (65-44)a = a. , q u y d o i gia d m h : - > X g o m : C u C h = 0,1 m o l ; CuS04 = 0,1 m o l va K2SO4 = 0,1 m o l . Nhan xet: T i n h k h u Z n > Fe ->• Z n p h a n u n g t r u o c r o i m a i d e n Fe. D o mx < -> a04 MLM ^, anlAnyH 1,34.2.3600 , ^^^^^ =0,1 m o l . • - » D a p an D . mt5ng C u - + 2e ;^a;j i » « . v i ,4 . m . . M a t khac: mx = 64(0,05 - x) + 108.0,2a = 12,08 - > x = 0,03; a = 0,5. ? (BH • Theobai: umUMYl - » m = 0,05.64 = 3,2 g a m - > D a p an B. . , , Cach 2: G p i : ncu (pu) = x m o l . Bao toan electron: 2n2n + 2ncu(ph4n ijng) = "^g+ , , , ^ It molelecti-on: n g = - = Mol: ^'^^ " ^'-^ - > 0,02 + x = 0,la. • • -""'-^ . Catot: = (3,2 - 64x) + 108.(0,04 + 2x) = 12,08 - > a = 0,50 m o l -)• D a p an D . 2.0,02 + 2x = 0,2a ^ ' ' X chua: n^^2+ = 0,15mol; n^^. = O ,lm ol; n^+ = O ,lm ol; ng^2- = 0,15mol. 2x n^gNOa " ' IsJhanxet: . > Cu(N03)2 + 2 A g mcudu+ mAg - > X = 0,03 m o l - » - 0,04 ^ Bail6: p a y la p h a n l i n g dien phan h o n h g p —> N e n d u n g cong thuc t f n h n h a n h so' > Zn(N03)2 + 2 A g Cu + 2 A g N 0 3 Mol: X gom Ag , Zn + 2AgN03 = 0,1.108 + 0,15.64 = 20,4 gam. D a p an A . c6 chua Z n hoac C u —> A g N O s he't. D o t i n h k h u Z n > C u —>• Z n phan u n g truac r o i m a i den C u ::.,,f:-./:..J.!A.f./'-:'.,-' „ malBlHqlonyrtq [dmx • , \nnU laix w Cty T N H H M T V DVVH Khang Vi$t dm nang On luygn thi dgi hpe 18 chuyfin dg H6a hgc - NguySn Van Hi\ phan img nhiet phan Chuyen de 9 Na2C03 + CO2T + H2O - 2NaHC03 KIM LOAI KIIIM - KIltM THO - NHOM 1. K I M L O A I K I E M . a. KimloaiMem + ^rv.'/-., Tac dung vai nude Kim N e u N a d u : 2Na + 2H2O Tac dung vai dung dich muoi ;, > 2NaOH + H 2 t it f + 2NaOH / + > K2SO4 + Cu(OH)2i , ^ j,^^,, . VIDUMAU 1,j , , ,J _ ^ • 2NOt+4H20 • >'•' ' Vi dii 1: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,7 gam hon hop gom k i m loai kiem M va oxit ciia no vao nuoc, thu dugc 300ml dung dich chiia mQt chat tan c6 nong dp 0,2M > NaiCQh + H2O va 0,224 lit khi H2 (dktc). K i m loai M la CO2 + NaOH > NaHCOa Tac dung vdi dung dich muoi A.Na. ^^ 1 , ^^ j-j ^,,, Cac phuang trinh hoa hpc: B.Li. Tac dung vdi hap chat luang tinh > 2NaA102 + H2O Al(OH)3 + NaOH c. Muoi cacbonat M " " + H2O Mol: M2O 0,02 + H2O Mol: col' + H2O Ta c6: nMOH Na2C03 + H C l > NaHC03 + NaCl NaHC03 + H C l > NaCl + C 0 2 t + H2O d. Muoi hidrocacbonat + Tinh chat ludng tinh NaHC03 + HCl NaHCOs + NaOH > NaCl + C02t + H2O 0,01 ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^ 2MOH x Cho tu tu dung dich axit HCl vao dung djch Na2C03 MM.' > M O H + ^ H 2 t ' ^ i l ^ ' 0 . H '+ 0,02 Phan ieng thuy phan (quy tim ~^ xanh; phenolphtalein ~^ hong) >0 Tac dung v&i dung dich axit ^^_^>„c,,^.a do > NaAI02 + 2H2O HCO3 + OH- C.Cs.,jy^|j;^XcmP'lfe)e(*Oe)::. Lcrigidi: > Fe(OH)3i +3NaN03 AI2O3 + 2NaOH + ^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ 3Cu2- + Fe(N03)3 + 3NaOH + of ^ NaHS04 + H C l t 3Cu +2NO3 + 8H* b. Hidroxit,,. „„,„.„:„.„ rfe:)|'iWomr.O.':^ + Tac dung vdi oxit axit ; CO2 f • + Tinh oxi hod (khi c6 mat axit) Cho Cu vao dung dich hon h(?p KNO3 va H2SO4 loang, Cu tan dan tao thanh dung dich mau xanh theo phuong trinh: ^ > 2KOH + H2t 2KOH + CuS04 + H2t 2KNO2 + O2 2KN03 'I.XI Cho K k i m loai vao dung dich CuS04 xay ra cac phuong trinh: 2K + 2H2O NaCl (ran) + H2S04(^flc) f. Muoi nitrat ; Phan ung nhiet phan > 2NaCl + H 2 t * 2Na + CI2T ^ 2NaCl + 2H2O "P""''"" > 2NaOH + C h t + TflcdwM^^<^2''^'*W2S04(fflc(dieuche'khiHCl) ^ Tac dung v&i dung dich axit IVluoi clorua phan leng dim phan: 2NaCl • • > 2NaOH + H 2 t 2Na + 2HC1 + vv,;:,r loai kiem khir mxac de dang 6 nhi?t dp thvrong, giai phong khi hidro: 2Na + 2H2O + >, iff *• f^iapi^^^ 2x = 0,3.0,2 = 0,06 * " 0,02 + 2x = 0,06 - > x = 0,02. Mat khac: 0,02M + (2M + 16).0,02 = 1,7 M = 23 (Na) - > Dap an A. ^1 du 2: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,794 gam kim loai kiem M vao 200 m l dung dich H2SO4 0,1M. Co can dung dich sau phan ung thu dugc 4,36 chat ran khan Y. Kim loai kiem M la A.Rb. , . ifiui B.K. C.Na Lcrigidi: , |oe >• D.Li. f^Q Cac phan ung hoa hoc: 2M + H2SO4 ^ M2SO4 +H2 va M +H2O ^ MOH + ^H2 ^ NaiCO^ + H2O 205 Hoa TiQc - NQuyen van Hai Nhdn xet: Bao toan kho'i lugng -> m y = ITIM + Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vijt "^coZ- + ^ Al(OH)3 O H Mol: -> m _ , . = 4,36 - 1,794 - 0,02.96 = 0,646 g a m - > n ^ „ . = 0,038 moi. u O H O H = 0,078 OH 0,04 + 2H2O r 0,04 _^ a = 0,08.78 + 0,1.233 = 29,54 gam 1 794 -> nM = 2nH,so. M H2t>U4 > AIO2 + OH- f-,,, r „•.*„ . , , Dap an A. yf du 5: C h o 100ml dung dich H3PO4 a mol/1 vao 100ml dung dich K O H 2 M M= ^ = 23 (Na). 0,078 ,i, thu dugc dung dich Y c6 chua 16,42 gam hon hgp muo'i. G i a tri ciia a la ~^ D a p an C . A. 0,9. B. 1,0. V i d u 3: H o a tan hoan toan 4,6 gam N a vao SOOjnl H2SO4 0,1M, thu dugc khi C . 0,5. Lai gidi: D.0,8. i,«Tr rr, r» ,• .- r r . . 7. H2 va dung dich Y . Co can Y thu dugc m gam chat ran khan. G i a tri ciia m la Hhan xet: V i Y chua hon hgp muo'i —^ chac chan c6 chua muoi axit — > > A. 11,1. K O H phan ung he't. Hfga B.7,1. C.14,2. D . 18,2. Laigidi: = 0-2 mol; nH2 = 0/1 mol; nH2S04 = 0,05 mol. 0,05 Na + 0,05 H2O ^ NaOH + ^ Hon hgp X gom: (du), thu dugc dung dich X v a 4,48 lit H2 (dktc). C h o 300ml dung dich .ji^^ n.3i>l A.LivaNa. V i d ^ 4: C h o m gam hon hgp gom N a va Ba (ti 1# mol 2:1) tac d y n g voi nuoc B. N a v a K . C . 24,86. _ .•••M^^^' Na + H2O NaOH + i H 2 1 2a a > Mol: 2a Ba Mol: + 2H2O a I': Trong X: A13^ Mol: 0,12 ' . M ^ ,,, 0,06 = 28,33 0,1 + 30H0,36 ' fef >BaS04^ 0,1 ' • >• *: 0,12 , , iOaMyi'' -H2t 2 t. iO'ABVi < 0,03 H a i kim loai la N a v a K - > Dap an B. • ^ ,^^,,| dugctaorala A. 9,40 gam. B. 8,69 gam. ^ ^ .d>I nH, = ^ g r m nB/!q Di' :'}H.%<3eJ4'-^^—- w(D&H + : ' + H2O K + H2O D. 9,90 gam. .{ ifiol f .8 , * dung dich X va 1,12 lit khi H2 (dktc). D u n g dich Y gom H C l 0,6M va H2SO4 ; ' 4H2 > Na* + OH" + > ^ i f B fiu> r '' + OH- + - H 2 2 --^J^i^J > Al(OH)3 4 , '. iOnmA 0,2M. Trung hoa dung dich X boi dung dich Y , tong khoi lugng cac muoi . Q^^, ^ D.RbvaCs. OiM Ba + 2H2O 206 h!.•( = 0,2 mol -> 2a = 0,2 ^ a = 0,1 mol. C.KvaRb. _ > VBf;f Vi du 7: C h o 5,35 gam hon hgp gom N a , K va Ba vao nuoc (du), thu dugc ' OsH a Mol: 0,06 . -wriq ^ > Ba(OH)2 + H2 a • M + H2O D . 9,34. -tikAn \M i i i b Ggi 2 kim loai lien tiep nhom l A la M Al2(S04)3 0,2M vao X, thu dugc m gam ket tua. Gia tri cua m la Voigidi: , y^,,, ,. trong nhom l A ) tac dung voi nuoc d u , thu dugc 0,672 lit khi hidro (dktc). m = mNa2S04 + rnNaOH= 142.0,1 + 40.0,1 = 11,1 gam —> D a p an A . B. 6,24. 3 ,• > Muoi + H2O. Vi dv 6: C h o 1,7 gam hon hgp X gom hai kim loai (thupc hai chu ki ke tiep -Hi '•^•'•'••al A. 29,54. 0,2. — Dap an A. > ^^ ^ ^^ 2 Mol: 0,1 nH20 = H K O H = Bao toan khoi lugng: 0,la.98 + 0,2.56 = 16,42 + 0,2.18 - > a = 0,9. Luu y: N a con d u se tiep tuc phan ung voi nuoc: - "H-iH3P04) = ^'^^ So do phan ling: H3PO4 + K O H > Na2S04 + H 2 t 2Na + H2SO4 Mol: 0,1 . " O H - ( K O H ) = ^'2' 2 > Ba2* + 2 0 H - + H2 207 Cty TNhH Ca'm nang fin luy$n thi dgi hpc 18 chuy§n d 116a hqc - Nguygn Van H i ! e Nhdn xet: n ^ „ . = 2 n H , = 0,1 m o l . OH Cac p h u o n g t r i n h p h a n l i n g k h i pha t r p n : ^ M a t khac, n o n g d o H C l gap 3 Ian H2SO4 -> T r o n g c i i n g m p t the tich thi n H c i = 3nH2S04- G o i n H c i = 3a -> nH2S04 = a- -> T r o n g Y: n , . = 5 a n i o l ; n ' i_ = aniol;n " , \ =3aniol/ + Ivlol: 0,02 - > 5 a = 0,l > H2O + OH" ^ a = 0,02mol. K h o i Ivtqmg m u o i t h u d u g c = 5,35 + m^,- + ^cr,2- SO^ ,j ->DapanA. AP* * 0,02 '' --'i-. •<*^'''— So m u o i t r o n g day k h i n h i ^ t p h a n hoan toan t h i tao ra so m o l k h i I o n h o n so B.3. J;'Cd,i' IciA C.4. ^ D.5. :d . ' i'^-^ -mddo Laigidi: AIO2 - + 2H2O < - 0,01 : = V i dv 10: H o a tan hoan toan m gam h o n h o p X g o m L i , N a , K v a o nude, t h u chat ran k h a n . Gia t r i cua m la: B. 1,28. t')'-«tf+ .•>:'-a.,.f:,/ M K2Mn04 + Mn02 +02t C. 1,62. MOH <- Bao toan k h o i l u p n g : m H 2 0 + 2 -Oi't - > D a p an A 'X • M.Mm)itx>iA.A Uv M 1 + - H2 2 0,02 - m + mHj - > mx = 1,62 + 0,02.2 - 18.0,04 = 0,9i g a m CuO + 2N02t + :>fd Iv D . 1,26. , Laigidi: + H2O M o l : 0,04 NaN02 + - 0 2 t 2 CU(N03)2 0,02 -> Gpi cong thue c h u n g ciia cac k i m loai la M . Cac p h a n ving nhiet phan: NaN03 > Al(OH)34 + O H ' A. 0,94. n h i | t ciia cac muo'i t r o n g c h u o n g t r i n h t u lop 10 den I d p 12. ^ 0,03 —> D a p an C. Nhan xet: D a y l a cau h o i n h a m k i e m tra kien t h i i c cua hpc sinh v e d p ben 2KMn04 BaS04i dupe 0,448 l i t k h i h i d r o (dktc) v a d u n g d i c h Y. Co can Y t h u d u p e 1,62 g a m m o l m u o i p h a n l i n g la: .(••A:Ab) cp.tid , u, , V l y : a = 0,01.78 + 0,03.233 = 7,77 g a m ' , V i d\ 8: Cho day cac m u o i : K M n 0 4 , NaNCh, Cu(N03)2, CaCOs, KCIO3, AgNOs. A . 2. > + 30H" M o l : 0,01 1, i •, 0,03 Al(OH)3 '•'1 H2O i.^.,,*-i M o l : 0,02 - > 0,06 ''' =5,35 + 0,06.35,5 +0,02.96 = 9,40 gam. "I'" > + SO4" Ba2- ' OH" M o l : 0,03 TrunghoaXboiY: 1TV DWH Khang Vigt ••' ..;.(,{:••'• vlS + — DM ^ EWS + < ) , • • - f 3 H + rf^^ 0~ ,.(y-)n'^ m.im.n V i d\ 1 1 : Cho 5,65 g a m h o n h p p X g o m L i , N a va K v a o 100 m l H2SO4 I M , •:>rl .nofi, cn.fijjf ?L,c o d " } :\ . > CaO + C02t CaC03 KCIO3 KCI + - 0 2 t 2 •it'.M. ^ A g + N02t_+-at_^^^^^,,^^ AgN03 d u n g d i c h Y g o m Al2(S04)3 0,1M va H2SO4 0,1M, t h u d u p e a g a m ket tua ' ptj^si fMsnij! B.4,66. , C. 7,77. miiq-.:. D.8,55., 2+ = 0,03 m o l ; n + = 0,03 m o l ; n C. 22,45. D . 17,80. j i ?;[ ni c n III 1., . • Bao toan d i n h l u a = 2nH2 0,35 1.0,35 = A p d u n g electron: t t r u n g hoa=dien: -> n x = 2n= 0,35. l ^ i r ^ u 2- + ^ • = 0,35 - 0,2 = 0,15 m o l . OH = 0,09 m o l . n + T r o n g Y: n ^ ,3+ = 0,02 m o l ; n ^ ^ 2 - = 0,04 m o l ; n „ + = 0,02mol. A' H jd-iS. + 208 B. 15,25. n H , = - ^ ^ — = 0,175. , Laigidi: T r o n g X: n A. 19,80. Laigidi: V i d\ 9: T r p n 300ml d u n g d i c h X g o m Ba(OH)2 0,1M v a N a O H 0,1M v 6 i lOOml A. 6,99. ran k h a n . Gia t r i ciia m la 3 92 —> D a p an B. Giatricuaala thoat ra 3,92 l i t k h i H2 (dktc) v a d u n g d i c h Y. Co can Y t h u d u p e m g a m chat Bao toan k h o i l u g n g : = m x + mgQ in = m x +1^502- + n ^ o H - " ^'^^ ^'^"^^ 0,15.17 = 17,8 g a m . D a p an D . 209 Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt CSim nang 6n luy$n thi dgi hpc 18 chuyen dg H6a hgc - NguySn v a n HSi V i dii 12: Hoa tan hoan toan 6,65 gam hon hop muo'i clorua cua hai kim lo^ij kiem thuoc hai chu ki ke tiep nhau vao nuoc duoc dung dich X. C h o X tg^ • dung voi dung dich AgNOs (du), thu dugc 14,35 gam ket tua. Hai kim \Q^^ kiem tren la "AgCl ^ B. N a v a K . . i r. r^i D. K v a R b . mo\. G o i cong thijfc chung ciia hai muo'i la M C I . MCI + . AgNCh > + MNO3 + A g C l i 0,1 0,1 = 66,5 8-;:.,!Gj,) • B.K. D.Li. Laigiai: M2CO3 + 2HC1 > 2MC1 + CO2 > M C I + CO2 + H2O >J,QQ • ''^^ -A,:..,., Mian x e f : n x = n c o 2 = 0,05 mol. ^ ^^y.i-m kmqk<^ ' ' ' ' M H C O 3 < 97,2 < M2CO3. - > M + 61< 97,2 < 2 M + 60 ^ 18,6 < M < 36,2 ^ M la N a ^ Dap an A. ra 2,8 lit khi H2 (dktc) va dung djch Y . Co can Y thu dugc m gam chat ran A . 27,75. c B. 19,05. C . 17,20. D . 18,05. ^ Laigidi: nH2 = 0,125. B a o toan electron: ne=2nH2 = 0,25 -> nx = ne=0,25. OH n ^ ^ . = 0,25 - 0,2 = 0,05 mol. Bao toan khoi l u g n g : m = mx + m + m ^ „ . = 11,1 + 0,2.35,5 + 0,05.17 = 19,05 gam - > Dap an B^1 Ori ' ' . ^ . * + IOHNO3 ^ 4Mg(N03)2 + N 2 0 t + 5H2O ,ib qgH : l . > b. Hidroxit Tjjnoi + Tac dung vai exit axit C a C 0 3 4 + H2O + Ca(OH)2 .> .(rCOfiD) idv K C * * Ca(HC03)2 > Ba(AlC)2)2 + 4H2O 2Al(OH)3 + Ba(OH)2 c. Canxi cacbonat • ''''''HP''TfiO-if---T^f^riVvoriAt^ + Tac dung vai dung dich axit CaC03 + 2HCl „ > CaCh + C02t 1200"C CaCOs K + 2H2O ^ Ca(HC03)2 {Nuac chay da man) O . ' - v ^ ; :''-: 't!,,? , • ^ C a O + CO2 Tinh chat luang tinh Ca(HC03)2 + 2 N a O H — '"""'"'^ ...Qki^ < -M + — - iDHS ( > CaCOs + Na2C03 + 2H2O '^S'-^^'' Phan ung phan huy Ca(HC03)2 \ (Phan ung nung voi) d. Canxi hidrocacbonat S^"'.yy&"^' > C a C 0 3 i + CO2 + H2O - ' i • {Tao thqch nhU a hang dong, can da voi a noi hai, am dun nude) A p dung dinh l u a t trung hoa di#n: 0,25 = l n ^ , _ + I n U • r C D i o / ^ MgS04 + H 2 t CaCOs + CO2+ H2O + Phan ung nhiet phan V i dy 14: C h o 11,1 g a m hon hgp X gom Na, K va Ba vao 200ml H C l I M , thoat khan. G i a tri c u a m la ^ MgaNa + Tac dung vai hap chat luang tinh + H2O MHCO3 + H C l > + N2 3Mg > Ba(OH)2 + H2 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ^^^^ n c o 2 = - ^ = 0 , 0 5 mol. Cac phan ling hoa hQc: , ^ Ca(OH)2 + H2 4Mg 5'MV)!/ M = 31 -> H a i k i m loai la N a va K —>^DapanB. ^ Kim loai kiem tho kim loai con lai k h u manh nuoc tao thanh hidro: , 4i..=K;;n 0,1 MCI = ^ mi C.LivaNa. Laigiai: Phan ung hoa h o c : Moi: , 2Mg + O2 A.RbvaCs. -.r- 2. K I M L O A I K I E M T H O Nuoccung ( ; H . Khai niem: Nuoc cung la nuoc c6 chiia nhieu ion kim loai hoa trj 2 n h u Mg^*, Ca^^.... N u o c mem la nuoc khong chua ho^c c6 chua it cac ion tren. 211 dm CtyTNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt nang On luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chuy6n dg H6a hqc - NguySn V5n Hi\ Bao toan nguyen to CI: Phan loai nude cieng Nuoc cxing tarn thoi: Chua ion goc axit H C O 3 , khi dun soi se mat tinh Cling do cac muo'i hidrocacbonat bi phan hiiy: dun nong , , . ''' • > i ' CaCO.U + CO2 + H2O Ca(HC03)2 Nuoc Cling vTnh cuu: chua ion goc axit CI", SO 4" . De lam mem nuoc ciing j^,, j ^^ .^ vTnh cuu, thuong cho ket tiia cac ion kim loai: CaCh + NaaCOs ^ CaCOa^ + 2NaCl f Nuoc Cling toan phan: Co ca tinh ciing tarn thoi va tinh ciing vinh ciiu (c6 chiia ion goc axit HCO 3 , Ch, SO 4 " ) . 95 36,5(100-C) C = 10 Cac phuong trinh phan ling: > FeS04 + H2 Nhan thay: npe + nivi ' r : 1' / • j,()gj;^a' + = n^j = 0,1 mol ^ xuong? A. Thach cao nung (CaS04.H20). B. Da voi (CaCOs). C. Voi song (CaO). 5 D. Thach cao song (CaS04.2H20). Laigidi: Nhan xet: Nhac den thach cao, cac em c6 the loai ngay B va C. De CO the diing due tugng, bo bot khi gay xuong, nguoi ta can nung thach cao song de tao thanh thach cao nung. Thach cao nung moi c6 kha nang hiit nuoc va dong Cling—> Dap an C. V i d u 2: Hoa tan hoan toan hon hgp X gom Be va Mg bang mot lugng vua dii dung dich HCl C%, thu dugc dung dich Y. Nong do phan tram ciia BeCh va MgCh trong Y Ian lugt la 7,18% va 4,27%. Gia trj cua C la A. 5. B. 10. C.20. D.15. ' Lai giai: Phan ling hoa hoc: Xet voi 100 gam dung dich Y: , B. Na2C03 va Na3P04. C. Na2C03va Ca(OH)2. D. NaCl va Ca(OH)2. LM giai: Nhan xet: De lam mem nuoc ciing vTnh eiiu bang phuong phap hoa hgc, nguoi ta them vao nuoe ciing cac muo'i tan chtia goc axit c6 the ket tiia voi ion kim loai hoa tri 2 (Mg^*, Ca^*,...). Cac goc axit do thuong la goc cabonat, goc photphat. - > Dap an B. V i d^ 5: Cho 2,74 gam Ba vao 100 gam dung dich CuS041,6 %, thu dugc khi X B.3,31. C. 5,64. ' ''* D. 3,13. Lai giai: r ^ ; s)u/l nB.-, = 0,02mol; ncuS04 =0,01 mol. Ba + 2H2O n^HjO (Y) = 100 - 7,18 - 4,27 = 88,55 gam. Nhan xet: Lugng H2O trong Y ciing ehinh la lugng H2O c6 trong dung dich HCl ban dau. 88,55.C "<) l i ' H . -> Ba(OH)2 + H2 CuS04 + Ba(OH)2 > Cu(OH)2i + BaS04i Phan ling nhi^t phan: BaS04 Mat khae, do nong do HCl bang C% nen C A. Na2C03 va HCl. , || gam chat ran. Gia tri eiia m la mBeCl2 = 7,18 gam va m^gciz = 4,27 gam C V i dii 4 : Hai chat dugc dung de lam mem nuoc ciing vTnh cuu la A. 2,33. > MgCh + H2 + 2HC1 M=^'^=38,4 MM < 38,4 < MFe Loai B va C. / 'i. 0,1 ' • • " ''onn ' 10.(1 1,8 fit' Mat khae: Mx > = 22,5 Loai D Dap an A. 0,08 va ket tua Y. Nung Y 6 nhiet do cao den khoi lugng khong doi thu dugc m > > BeCh + H2 Be + 2HC1 mHci 88,55.C Yi du 3: Hoa tan hoan toan 3,84 gam hon hgp gom Fe va kim loai M (hoa tri 2) trong dung dich H2SO4 loang du, thu dugc 2,24 lit khi H2 (dktc). Mat khae, 1,8 gam M tan hoan toan trong 160ml dung dich HCl IM. Kim loai M la D. Be. A.Mg. B. Ca. C. Zn. Lai giai: M + H2SO4 — > MSO4 + H2 V i d u 1: Hop chat nao ciia canxi dugc dung de due tugng, bo bgt khi gay ^ 80 +" Dap an B. Fe + H2SO4 VI D V M A U Mg 2.4,27 2.7,18 2nBeCl2 + 2nMgCl2 - " H C l Cu(OH)2 - -» BaS04 {khong bi nhiet phan) CuO + H2O ^ = mBaso4 + i " C u O = 0,01.80 + 233.0,01 = 3,13 gam ^ Dap an D. 213 dm Cty TMHH M i V D V V I ! Khang Vigt nang 6n luy$n thi dgi hpc 18 chuy6n d6 H6a hpc - Nguyjn Van HSi V i du 6: Tron 200ml dung dich X gom NaOH 0,1M va Ba(OH)2 0,1M voi lOOrril dung dich Y gom H2SO4 0,1M va MgS04 0,2M, thu dugc m gam ket tua. Gia tri cua m la 1 A. 5,24. B. 5,82. C. 4,66. D. 6,99. ' Lai gidi: TrongX: n„ ,+= 0^02 m o l ; n^,+ = 0,02 m o l ; n ^ ^ _ = 0,06 mol. TrongY: n 2+ = 0,02mol; n o_ = 0,03 m o l ; n^+= 0,02mol. Cac phuong trinh phan ling khi pha trpn: + OH" , Mol: 0,02 ^ 0,02 iy':.*Uy. > Mg(OH)2l -> •">MM 0,02 v B. 0,04. S^VAK C. 0,048. nco2 =0,12mol; nBaC03 = ^ ' ^ ^ m o l . " ; , Cach 1: Giai theo phuong trinh Ba(OH)2 + CO2 ^ BaCOs + H2O Mol: 0,08 0,08 ^ 0,08 Ba(OH)2 + 2 C O 2 ^ Ba(HC03)2 0,02 4~K8e.»Y|^--M (GiC': C.5,68. mol a = 0,04 M M^-Vi: .v, , ^ , ^.^. ^ ^ 2N*^ + 8e > N2O; 1 2N^-'^ + 8e ; --i'-i ^^ rMiu\^\xn'/UK\ O d A S ' ^ " — sOE + L . > NH4Na Ap dyng bao toan electron: 2 n ^ g = 8 n N 2 0 + 8nNH4N03 '"^^'^ _ 2.0,08-8.0,01 _ g =0,01. DHd+ i Vi dy 10: De hoa tan hoan toan 3,2 gam hon hgp X gom k i m loai R (thugc + loai kiem M va k im loai kiem tho M ' bang dung dich HCl d u . Sau phan thu dugc dung djch X va 0,448 lit khi (dktc). Co can X thu dugc m gam muoi khan. Gia t r i cua m la D. 2,34. A. Ba. B. Be. C. M g . Lbigidi: R + 2HC1 ^han > D . Ca. - , , RCI2 + H2 5^^^!,, ^^^g^ ^i^^^^^ : ri'K > RCI2 + H2O xet: nx = - nHci = 0,1 mol -» M x = — = 32 2 0,1 -^R<32 ^• 5^.^, , Cac phuong trinh phan ung: RO + 2HC1 nBa(HC03)2 = ;())sJj + cO- C. 2,30. Chat oxi hoa: s nhom IIA) va oxit cua no can vua du 200ml dung dich H C l I M . K i m loai R V i dii 8: Hoa tan hoan toan 2,42 gam hon hop gom hai muoi cacbonat cua kim B.2,64. > Mg^2 ^ ^ ' D . 12,96. -> m = mMg(N03)2"^NH4N03 = 0,08.142 + 0,01.80 = 12,16 ->• Dap an A. ^.„,r,-.. Dap an B. Dap anB. M g - 2e "NH4NO3 '! . - ^vftH m l • Chatkhu: D. 0,06. Bao toan nguyen to Ba: nBa(0H)2 = "BaCOg + nBa(HC03)2 = 04 A. 2,20. B. 11,36. ,.!(,, '^N20= 0,01 mol. M :5Bi:M ;• 0,04 Bao toan nguyen to C: nco2 = ^BaCO^ + 2nBa(HC03)2 ling, „ „ ^ nMg= O'O^ Lai giai: -> a = 0,04M , Dap an B. A. 12,16. Ba(OH)2 a mol/1, thu dugc 15,76 gam ket tua. Gia tri cua a la •^ih^A <-9 'i ' mgammuoi. Giatricuamla ^oe^H ^ V i d v 7: Hap thu hoan toan 2,688 lit khi CO2 (dktc) vao 2,5 l i t dung djch Cach 2: 1 >//t«nxef: nco2= nH20 = 2"HCl =0,02. " '••fc.J'j ling xay ra hoan toan thu dugc 0,224 lit khi N2O (dktc) va dung dich Y chua > BaS044' ^0,04 nBa(OH)2 " > 2MC1 + CO2 + H2O Vi du 9: Cho 1,92 gam M g tac dung voi dung dich HNO3 (du). Sau khi phan . Vay: a = 0,02.58 + 0,02.233 = 5,82 gam - > Dap an B. Mol: M2CO3 +.2HC1 i Lai gidi: 0,02 A. 0,032. > M'Ch + CO2 + H2O m = 2,64 gam , t • < j^'COs + 2HC1 B^o toan khoi lugng: 2,42 + 0,04.36,5 = m + 0,02.44 + 0,02.18 0,02 0,02 0,02 , , ^ 'i\ Mg2* + 2 0 H " Mol: H2O > Ba^* + SO 4 Mol: . ;, Lai gidi: Kit-ai ^ R < 3 2 < R + 16 ^ ~* 1 6 < R < 3 2 -> R = 24(Mg) -> Dap an C. 11: Sue 0,448 lit khi CO2 (dktc) vao 100 m l dung djch X g o m Ba(OH)2 O'lM va N a O H 0,1 M . Sau khi cac phan ung hoan toan thu dugc m gam ket tua. Gia tri cua m la ^•1,970. B. 2,364. ' C. 0,985. D . 1,379. " 215 Cty i M i l l i M I V DVVH KhangVi^t Ca'm nang On luy^n thi dgi hge 18 chuy6n d § H6a hgc - Mytiyeii V i n HJi Lot gidi: " B a 2 + = 0,01 mol; n^^^ = 0,01 mol. ^ , ^, ^^ • N h o m oxit + 2nBa(OH)2 = O'^l + 2.0,01 = 0,03 m o l " O H - " '^NaOH+ Trong X: J, Tinh chat luang tinh: M2O3 + 2 N a O H ^. ^ 2NaA102 J ' t - ^'"'^^ '• " + H2O ' ' n. Nhan thay: = Phan ling tao ra 2 muoi: Cacbonat VP = 1,5 > 1 0,02 "CO2 hidrocacbonat. , . ^ N h a n thay: n^^2- = n^^z^ ^ ^ . .,,...,„../ + + • ; ' + 3O2 — - '-'I'M*--A ^ + 6HC1 §M ^ > 2A1 + 6 H 2 S 0 4 ( d a c ) . ^. 1 ^ . f_ A1(N03)3+ N O t + 2 H 2 O .srf! 8 Tdc dungvoi dung dich kiem Al + /vne - > NaA102 + - H 2 t 2 «,",;UH:VJ + N a O H + H2O Phan ung nhiet nhom ^ . •, • • '-'"-^^ ' ' ' " \ ^ & 8 ; , 4 ; ^ ' n . . - ' > A l ( O H ) 3 ® + 3NH4CI Al(OH)3@ + 3 N a C l AlCl3 + 3 N a O H '* Al(OH)3 + N a O H ^ NaA102+2H20 , / x :% q ^ , g « . . . >• + i?(JiO)!:saf KC NaA102 + C O 2 + 2 H 2 O ^ Al(OH)3@ + NaHC03.^£ + i ( H O ) f i S A l ( O H ) 3 + 3HC1 > AICI3 + 3 H 2 O i Viet gon la KA1(S04)2.12H20. 4 r-f*.?. • . f; = ,X cr':v Phen chua c6 ung dung lam trong nuoc, cam mau vai sgi,... : ^ , ^ ,, f.^"' Phen nhom la mot loai muoi kep c6 cong thuc K2S04.Al2(S04)3.24H20 hay O nhift dp cao, nhom k h u dugc nhieu oxit kim logi n h u Fe203, Cr203,. thanh kim loai: Dieu che d. Phen chua sf '-^ :,;;.•,>•',.;- + NaA102 + H C l + H 2 O > Al(OH)3© + N a C l ^ Ltfw 1/: Ke't tua A l ( O H ) 3 ^ se tan dan neu cho H C l d u : + 6H2O Luu y: N h o m bi thu dpng hoa (khong tan) trong dung dich HNO3 dac, + i T u muoi aluminat UiM'~BO. > Al2(S04)3 + 3SO21 nguQi v a H2SO4 dac, ngupi. AI2O3 + 3 H 2 O £(|i05:)r;A Luu y: Ket tua A l ( O H ) 3 « se tan dan neu cho N a O H dvr: 2AICI3 ,•.„.„.— A l + 4HN03(loang) ^ + 2H2O Phan ung nhiet phan AICI3 + 3NH3 + 3 H 2 O ;WfU: . nuwjw*. • > 2AICI3 + 3 H 2 t > NaAXOi TumuoiAl(III) ; 2A1 + 3Cl2 — 2AI2O3 2Al(OH)3 — " 2Al(OH)3 — ^ — A . I 2 O 3 + 3H2O iKOfUxo'; Tdc dung v&i dung dich ax it 2A1 'O'iW « + Tdc dung voi phi kirn 4A1 + .^.^^^ n^^co^ = " ^ ^ 2 - = a O l mol. , „ a. N h o m 2AI2O3 Al(OH)3 + N a O H „„,^ m = 0,01.197 = 1,97 g a m D a p an A. 3. N H O M ^ + Tinh chat luang tinh: = 0,03-0,02 = a O l mol. = "OH--"C02 + 3O2 — N h o m hidroxit . • Ap dung cong thuc tinh nhanh so'mol C O 3" : "co2- 4A1 * j.; j ,, VIDVMAU V i dy 1: D e dieu che dupe 84 gam Fe tu Fe203 (du) bang phuong phap nhi?t 2A1 + + Fe203 — Sdnxuainhom ^ AI2O3 + 2Fe , ^.nif/jVi H,' . ' , '-tfj^ftx . ...^ • . \. r Di$n phan nong chay AI2O3 voi criolit (3NaF.AlF3 hay Na3AlF6) trong binh di^n phan voi hai di?n eye bang than chi, thu dugc nhom: 2AI2O3 '^""^ > 4A1 + 3O2 Chu f. K h o n g k h u dupe ion A P * trong AI2O3 bang nhung chat k h u thong nhom v a i hi^u suat cua phan ung la 90% thi khoi lug-ng bpt nhom can dung toithieu la: ' " * A. 81,0 gam. B. 54,0 gam. • Lcrigidi: Phuong trinh phan ling: 2A1 + Fe203 — ^ C . 40,5 gam. AI2O3 + 2Fe D . 45,9 gam. ^..^ 5,, , ;,„. <,.. ^rW>>;|lftX'''S,0 =• , i r ' thuong n h u C , C O , H2. 216 217 Cty TMHH MTV DVVH Khang Vigt Cam riaiig On l u y § n thi dai hgc 18 chuygn dg Hoa hgc - Nguyin van H5i „, . , , 84 ^ _ , Theo phan ung: np^ = — = 1,5 mol -> mAi = 45 gam n^l = np^ 100 0,1M; sau khi cac phan u n g ke't thiic thu dugc 15,54 gam ke't tiia. G i a tri cua • ' Ba2- + S O 4 ' B. 0,10. C.0,20. * D.0,15/"" Cac phan u n g hoa hoc: + ;(}{';/), > Ba(A102)2 + 4H2O Ba(OH)2 + 2 A l ( O H ) 3 Truong hop 1: C h i xay ra phan ung (1) (2) 30H- Ket tua gom: BaS04 = 0,07 mol v a A l ( O H ) 3 = ^ 0,04 3 Truong hop 2: Xay ra phan ling (1) va (2). ' Gia tri c u a m l a 3Ba(OH)2 Mol: + Al2(S04)3 3a 3a 0,07-3a 1,1 : 0,14-6a B. 1,56. Ba + 2 H 2 O (2) , Al ^ , Mol: , ; v " " n ' - a a ' N a + H2O Mol: 2x > NaOH -> 2x Ba + 2H2O — ^ Mol: X - > Theo bai: nH2 = 0,2 ^ * . u'Uti iii'i' / n o f i ., . . . . , x 2x = 0,2 ^ X x = 0,1. ' > ' C ; X ij :f- ""'^''^^ ^ ^^«0)IA :! r — = 0,02 mol '^f fii AIO2 ^1 H Khi cho tu tir Y H* Mol: 0,02 AlO 2 Mol: 0,02 > H2O U . ICS 0,02 + n ! H^ + H 2 O > Al(OH)3l 0,02 Al(OH)3 + 3H* 0,01 < - 0,03 Ba2^ + S O ^ Mol: 0,02 0,02 ^ 218 X 2+ = 0,02 mol; n Ba . • 0,02 > AV* + 3H2O Mol: Ba(0H)2 + H2t X ll a = 0,02 mol; n OH- + --t>5*'.^«>b'W^ 1 A + -H2T • *' ' ' ' " ^ Trong 100 m l Y : n , = 0,07 mol; n o _ = 0,02 mol; n„,. = 0,03 mol. D . 45,06. Lot gidi: Cac phan ung hoa hoc: D . 5,44. AlO"+ | H 2 > OH thu dugc dung djch X v a 4,48 lit H2 (dktc). C h o 300ml dung dich Al2(S04)3 C . 48,18. ' ' > Ba2* + 2 0 H - + H2 _ 0,2M vao X, sau khi phan ung hoan toan, thu dugc m gam ket tiia. G i a tri c a . . , i: B. 29,54. ' C . 3,11. + O H - + H2O Trong X: n V i d u 3: C h o mot m a u hop kim Na-Ba (ti le mol 2:1) tac dung voi nude (du), A . 32,66. '' Ta c6: n ^ j = 2,5a = 0,05 m o l - > a = 0,02 mol. V = 0,20 lit -> Dap an C . ' . ' Lcngtat: (1) Khoi iugng ket tua = 3a.233 + 78(8a - 0,14) = 15,54 gam cuamla ' vao n u a c (du), thu dugc nH2 = 0,05 mol. Cac phan u n g hoa hgc: Ke't tiia gom: BaS04 = 3a mol; Al(OH)3 = 2a - (0,14-6a) = (8a-0,14) mol. - > a = 0,02 mol o-n :IF-'oi-Tf i 2a > •Ba(A102)2 + 4H2O Ba(OH)2 + 2Al(OH)3 Mol: ^''^ " > 3BaS04l + 2 A l ( O H ) 3 i a 4 - 4 „ ^ j, ^ j - Loai. + 2H2O 0,2M. C h o tu tu den het 100ml dung dich Y vao X, thu dugc m gam ket tua. mol. * > AIO2 dung dich X v a 1,12 lit khi H2 (dktc). D u n g dich Y gom H C l 0,3M v a H2SO4 "Sfo s; .78 = 19,95 gam » r l fioH ^>mi nc. 0,12 0,04 A. 0,78. ' - > Khoi lugng ket tua = 0,07.233 + ^ > Al(OH)3>L + OH- <- '. S^h ,r .R;; . ii: <~ . Vi du 4: C h o hon hop gom Ba v a A l (ti 1^ mol 1:1) " f,(HO)l Ba(OH)2 het. 0,1 uh a = 0,1.233 + 0,08.78 = 29,54 gam ^ Dap an B. "^i"'^"^' > 3BaS04i + 2Al(OH)34 (1) Mol: -> - > 0,36 Al(OH)3 Lcngtat: •3Ba(OH)2 + Al2(S04)3 + Mol: 0,12 s<,4i T t ; > BaS04i Mol: 0,1 ' u,n M AP* • A.aSO. t fOii tron X voi dung dich gom: AP+ = 0,12 mol; S O 4" = 0,18 mol: ^ . Dap an D . V i d u 2: C h o 700 m l dung dich Ba(OH)2 0,1M vao V lit dung dich Al2(S04)3 WW' •Mi p u n g dich X gom: Na* = 0,2 mol; Ba^* = 0,1 mol; O H - = 0,4 mol. 5 , = — mol > ' oi'i / M ,«f /• BaS04l 0,02 •.'.'1 .t/< ..; . "hi) , u ' r > f ^' m = mAi(OH)3 + mBaS04 = 0,01.78 + 0,02.233 = 5,44 gam Dap an D . 219