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ngh# sT ay mpt "c6' nhan" - Song Da. Nam 1960, tuy but "Song Da" ra doi vg
thyc sy nguoi ta da tim thay 6 day mpt thien tiiy but bac thay. D|ic bi^t cot^
Song Da da tro thanh mpt hinh tup-ng ngh$ thuat dpc dao.
Duoi ngoi but ciia Nguyen Tuan, con Song Da khong phai la thien nhien v6
tri v6 giac ma la mot sinh the song dpng, mpt nhan vat day sue song va c6 tinh
each h i n hoi. Ngay tix loi dau tien ciia tac pham, tac gia da dan hai cau tho noj
tieng cua Nguyen Quang Bi'ch " Chung thuy giai Dong tau/ Da giang dpc Bac
l u l l " . Co nghia la: moi dong song deu chay ve huang dong, chi c6 song £)g
chay theo huong bac. Do chinh la net ngang tang khac la ciia dong song khie'n
nguoi dpc khong the khong di sau vao kham pha nhirng trang tiiy biit tai hoa
viet ve Da giang ciia cu Nguyen.
2. Co the kham pha ve dep ciia Song Da tren hai net dai the la;
hung bao du dkn va tru tinh tho mdng.
a. Song Da dual ngoi but Nguyen Tuan la dong song mang tinh each
hung bao:
Truoc het tac gia giai thieu lai lich ciia con Song Da. "No khai sinh 6 huyen
Canh Dong, tinh Van Nam ben Trung Quoc lay ten la Ly Tien, d i qua mot
viing niii ac, roi den niia duong thi xin nhap Quoc Tjch Vi^t Nam, truong
thanh mai len va den nga ba Trung Ha thi chan hoa vao song Hong".
Sau do, bang nhirng trang viet sinh dpng, bang nhirng cau van, hinh anh
dpc dao, gpi cam, bang ngon ngu da dang phong phii, Nguyen Tuan da khac
hpa dupe hinh anh mpt con Song Da d i i dan va hung bao lam sao. Ca dao c6
cau: "Duong len Muang he bao xa - Tram hay cdi thdc, tram ba cdi ghenh"
' Hung b^o 0 cho doi bo xich gan nhau, lam cho long song h^p lai nhu cai
yet hau that giua hai vach da dung dung hiem trd. H^p den noi ma "liic dung
ngp moi nhin thay anh mat trai", c6 the "nh? tay ma nem hon da qua ben kia
vach" .6 day "con nai con ho da c6 Ian vpt tir bo nay sang ba kia". An tuong
han ni>a la vi#c "Ngoi trong khoang do qua quang ay, dang mua he ma cung
thay lanh, cam thay minh nhu dang 6 he mpt cai ngo ma ngong vpng len mo*
khung canh ciia so nha nao a tang nha thii may vua tat phut den di?n" ^
doan nay tac gia da dimg tri thiic ngupc sang ciia d i f n anh de cam nhan, t?"
cho nguoi dpc mpt an tuong ve ve d^p aia su hiing vT ma thien nhien Tay B^*da mang lai. (neu them cam nghl ciia em)
Hung bao a cai dii d3n c\xk gio - nuoc. Lai qua quang mat ghenh H^'
Loong, dai hang cay so, gio phoi hpp voi nuoc, voi da, voi song tao nen nhiJ'^^
con xoay that kinh hai: "Nuoc x6 da, da x6 song, song x6 gio cuon cupn lu^i^^
gio ghun ghe suot nam suot thang nhu liic nao cung doi np xuyt". 6 do^n
nay, Nguyen Tuan da su dung dpng t u manh "\b", nhieu dau phay lien
^ J ^ n e n su liet ke trung diep cua hanh dpng "x6": x6 da, x6 song, x6 gio... lam
c\iO sV hung bao tro nen dir tpn hon.
Hung bao hon nvea la d nhung cai hiit nuoc giong n h u nhung cai gieng be
tdng nguoi ta tha xuong de chuan bi lam mong cau: "Tren nhirng cai hiit nuoc
.y j,{jng dang quay l u l u nhijng canh qua dan". Nuoc 6 do cii "tho va keu nhu
cira cong cai bi sac" c6 liic lai nghe ran ran nhu tieng "rot dau soi". Diing la con
g^ng Da khong khac gi mpt loai hung thii di deh dau la gieo giac hiem nguy den
Jo "Cho nen khong mpt chiec thuyen nao dam men gan cai hiit nuoc ay... Be go
ngheng ngang qua day v6 y la bj cai hiit nuoc do loi tupt xuong, c6 chiec thuyen
bi no giong ngay cay chuoi ngupc roi vut bieh di, bi dim duoi long song den
niuoi phiit sau, mod thay tan xac a khuynh song duoi". Cach so sanh, v i von,
ni6 ta ciia tac gia gay cam giac rat manh lam cho nguoi dpc nhu nghe thay, nhin
thay A^Q*^ t?" iTi^t cai hung d u cua Song Da ma thot tim lai.
.ij j ; :
Nhung con Song Da hung bao nhat 6 may chuc con thac da tao thanh cac
th?ch thuy tran v6 cung hiem tro voi biet bao cua tu. Truoc het la am thanh
ciia tieng thac gao rimg rpn, hoang da: Con Song Da da tra thanh mpt loai thiiy
quai vua hung ac, vua nham hiem: Con xa lam mai den cai thac duai nhung
da thay tieng nuoc reo gan mai len, reo to mai len. Tieng nuoc thac nghe nhu
la can trach gi, roi l^ii nhu la van xin, roi lai nhu la khieu khich, gipng g3n ma
che nhao. The roi no rong len nhu tieng mpt ngan con trau mpng dang long Ipn
giCra rung vau, rung tre niia no lira, dang pha tuong rung liia, rung liia cimg
gam thet voi dan trau da chay biing bung". O doan van nay, tac gia da huy
dong rat nhieu bien phap ngh^ thuat nhu: nhan hoa, lien tuong, so sanh, sir
dung dpng til" manh lam cho hinh anh song Da that ghe rpn nhu mpt nhan vat
mang tam dja hiem ac voi cai kieu khon kheo, ranh ma.
f
Thii hai la hung bao va d i i dan ciia da song Da, do la nhiing cira h i dang mai
phyc an nap de gieo rac kinh hoang cho ong lai do. Da a day chia thanh ba tuyen
nam cira, bon cira tir va duy nhat chi mpt cira sinh. Long song thi trang xoa
'am noi bat nhimg tang da dan bay the tran, tang nao, hon nao, "trong cung ngo
•^ghjch" va nhu nhung vj tuong "c6 vj trong oai phong lam liet"; "c6 vj thi nhu
hat ham bat cai thuyen phai xung ten xung tuoi truoc khi giao chien". Co
^' ' 1 ^ lui mpt chiit va thach thiic cai thuyen c6 gioi thi tien gan vao".
Nhirng tri thiic ve quan su, ve v6 thuat, the due the thao, di?n anh... cua tac
S'a dupe djp nem ra de dien ta sy dpc ac, xao quyet het siic nguy hiem cua con
"^^c khi no mai phuc de dot nhien nhom ca day v6 lay con thuyen noi khiic
ngoat, khi thi no lai to ra so ho de dy con thuyen vao roi bat nga quay lai
quat vu hoi. Khi da giap la ca thi no dam thang vao hong ong lai do, be
Can cheo, roi da trai thiic goi vao bung, gio dii don am, don tia, roi tum lay
253
th^t
lung doi l^t ngua byng ong lai do tren tran nude. N6 vua danh vua reo ho
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la het vang dpng ca mpt viing song nuoc hoang v u .
Co the noi: Tinh each hung bao cua song Da cho thay: thien nhien Tay Bap
that hiing vT va tinh yeu cua Nguyen Tuan do'i voi Song Da that bao la.
b. Ben c ^ h net tinh each hung bao. Song Da eung rat trir tinh, tha mpng;
Ben canh tinh each hung bao, duoi ngoi biit Nguyen Tuan, con song Da laj
rat tru tinh, ggi bao cam xiic lam me say long nguoi. Tac gia tha thiet goi con
song Da la c6' nhan d i xa thi nhd nhung, gap lai thi mung v u i khon xiet.
Va vi yeu song Da nen tac gia khong bo qua co hoi ngam nhin "cai day thurig
ngoan ngoeo dual chan minh kia...". Do la luc nha van nhin con Song Da bang
con mat tham my van hoa de phat hi^n ra nhung ve d?p va sac mau da dang cua
con Song Da chay dpc suo't mien Tay Bac nay. O nhimg quang yen tinh, thi Song
Da qua that rat tho mpng nhu mpt nguoi dan ba kieu diem voi ve d?p "Con
song Da tuon dai tuon dai nhu mot ang toe tru tinh, dau toe chan toe an hien
trong may troi Tay Bac bung no hoa ban hoa gao thang hai va cuon cuon khoi
niii Meo dot nuong xuan ". Ngh^ thuat nhan hoa da dupe mo ra tuy^t doi lam
nguai doc duong nhu khong con nhan ra day la con song nua ma la mot my
nhan dang lam duyen lam dang voi Tay Bac. That gpi cam biet bao!
Trix tinh va dang yeu hon nua la mau sac cua con song Da. Nguyen Tuan
cijng da nhan ra nhirng sac mau khac nhau cua Song Da theo tung mua mang
ve d?p rieng. Qua Ian may miia xuan. Song Da xanh mau ngoe bich. Xanh ngoc
bich la xanh trong, xanh sang, khong c6 su pha tap c6 the hieu la trong vat chu
no khong gpn t h u sac mau dung due nhu mau xanh canh hen ciia song Gam
va song L6. Qua anh nang mua thu "Song Da l u l u chin do nhu da mat nguoi
ban di vi rupu bCra". Cach nhan hoa va so sanh nay tao cho nguai dpc khong
ghe rpn truoc mau do ma ngupc lai rat thich thii boi mau nuac song Da mang
ve d^p cua mau do rat dang yeu tren mat nguoi "bam d i v i rupu hua".
Tru tinh va dang yeu han nira khi Nguyen Tuan diing nhiing hinh anh dju
dang trong sang nhat de ta doi bo song Da. Do la thai diem cho cau chu
Nguyen Tuan lai lang chat tho ca ngpi ve d^p ciia dong song, bang cai nhin va
tinh cam ciia mot nguoi t y nhan song Da nhu mpt "co nhan". Khong gian lang
dpng trong ve d?p ciia "bo song Da, bai song Da, chuon chuon buam buo^
song Da". Ve dep ay nhu trang nghiem trong mach Duong thi co dien, vif^
lang dpng hoai vpng ve mpt thuo Ly Tran Le, vua bang khuang cam giac ve si*
song nay"Thuyen toi troi qua mpt nuong ngo nhii len may la ngo non da^"
miia. Ma tinh khong mpt bong nguoi. Co gianh doi niii dang ra nhimg n^"^
blip. Mpt dan huou ciii dau ngon blip co gianh dam suong dem Ipc dam cho'
Bo song hoang dgi nhu mpt bo tien su. B6 song hon nhien nhu mpt noi ni^*^
254
' ^ t i c h tuoi xLia . N h c i V c w i da de cho dong cam xiic dao d^t tho't len thanh loi doi
tho^i im lang voi thien nhien, bo bai ven song, duong nhu con nguoi muo'n hoa
vao cung canh vat, de chiem nguong ve df p day siic cuon hiit ciia dong song,
jsjgdi biit nha van den liic nay mod that su tung hoanh trong su say sua kham
pha cpi nguon, ke ve lieh sir dong song gan voi cupc song va con nguoi Tay Bac,
nhiJTig nguoi da don nhan nhimg tang vat hao phong ciia song Da. Cam xiic tu
thyc tai ciia Nguyen Tuan con khoi nguon cho nhiing mo uoe mang tinh d u bao
yg" tuong lai, bien sue manh ciia dong song trai rinh trai net thanh nguon thiiy
j j ^ n doi dao. R6 rang, thue tai cupc song moi da giiip cho Nguyen Tuan co
nhiiTig d u cam chinh xac, co niem tin viing chae vao nhiing con nguoi dang xay
dung mpt che dp moi, dem lai sinh khi moi cho cupc song 6 song Da.
3. Tdng ket nghe thuat: Thanh eong ciia tiiy biit "Song Da" la nho vao
ngon ngu dac sac, su dung nhieu ngon ngii ciia nhieu Rnh vue (the thao, dien anh,
quan su.. •); van phong khoa hpc; nhieu bi^n phap tu tir: nhan hoa, so sanh...
III. K E T BAI
Bang tinh yeu thien nhien dat nude ket hop voi ngon tix dpc dao, tai hoa.
Nguyen Tuan da tai hi^n len mpt khung canh Tay Bac that hiing vi ma eiing
that tru tinh, lam ta them t u hao ve niii song To quo'c nguy nga, trang 1^. Song
Da qua la mpt qua tang v6 gia ciia thien nhien la mpt eong trinh nghe thuat
tuy?t voi ciia bac thay tiiy biit Nguyen Tuan.
2: Phan tich hinh hi-gng nguoi lai do Song Da trong tac pham
^ g u a i lai do Song D a " - Nguyen Tuan.
<^
HI/6NG D A N CHI TIET
I. MO BAI
Nguyen Tuan la nha van co hai giai doan sang tac truoc va sau each mang.
Truoc 1945 ong noi tieng voi cac tac pham nhu "Vang bong mpt thai", "Mpt
chuyen d i " . . . sau nam 1945 ong noi tieng voi the loai tiiy biit ma tieu bieu la
cac tac pham: "Ha Npi ta danh My gioi", tiiy biit "Song Da"... "Nguoi lai do
Song Da" la tac pham trieh trong tiiy biit "Song Da" dupe vie't nhan chuyen
'hyc te'Tay Bac nam 1958. Tac pham de lai dau ah sau sac trong long nguoi
khong chi la hinh tupng con Song Da "hung bao, t r i i tinh" ma con la boi
tupng nguoi lai do hien ngang tren thae d i i - mpt tay lai ra hoa.
T H A N BAI
r .
^
K h a i quat: The gioi nhan vat tren trang van ciia N g u y i n Tuan that
^•^8 yeu v6 cimg. Mpt cu Kep, Ipng may bac, toe bac, rau bac, thap thoang
'^'^a vudn Ian "nguyin dem cai quang doi xe'ehieu ciia mpt nha nho de phung
255
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hoa t h o r n c6 q u y " ( H u a n g Cupi). M p t cy A m thuc d a y luc m o sang, mang
^^d?P
" g h ? sT cua o n g l a i d o la s y tai ba diang m a n h cua m p t v j t h u y e n
p h o n g thai " m o t triet nhan n g o i t i n h buoc d i cua t h a i gian". T r o n g a m tra pha
trUong day dan k i n h n g h i # m t h u y chien. Chat tai hoa n g h | si cua o n g lai d o la a
ngon, cu da "nhan tha'y c6 m p t m u i tha va m p t v j triet l i " (Chen tra suang). M o t
ban ITnh chien dau va t i n h than diang cam p h i t h u o n g . Canh v u p t thac eiia ong
H u a n Cao t i r t u chan v u a n g xieng, c6 m a n g gong, v u n g b u t viet l e n tarn ly^
lai do da the h i ^ n ro ve d^p va eo't each ay. O t r u n g vay t h u nhat, ong lai d o x u n g
bach n h i i n g chii' n h u r o n g bay p h u p n g m i i a , the hi?n " n h u n g cai hoai bao tung
^an v o i k h i the nghenh chien quye't thang: "Thach tran dan bay vvra xong t h i cai
hoanh cua m o t d o i c o n n g u o i " ( C h u n g u o i til tu)... V a h i n h a n h o n g l a i do
n g u a i Thai (Tay Bac) c6 "tay lai ra hoa". D o la nhiSng con n g u o i eye k i tai hoa
m a n g cot each ngh^ si.
2. N6i dung can phan tich:
a. Ve d?p ngoai hinh ong lac dupe Nguyen Tuan khac hpa: Buoe vao cai
thuyen v u t t o i " . Canh h o n chien ae l i ^ t dien ra. N h i m g h o n d a "b^ v $ oai phong
l l m li^t" ^^^^ n u o c thac "reo h o l a m thanh v i # n " c h i i n g lieu m a n g xong vao m a
"da t r a i " m a " thiie g o i vao b y n g va hong t h u y e n . . . Co liic c h i i n g d p i ca t h u y e n
len". N g u y h i e m la vay n h u n g o n g l a i d o van b i n h t i n h " h a i tay g i i i m a i cheo
Ichoi b j hat len k h o i song". N g a y ca liic b} con thuy quai nay danh mieng d o n j
tuoi bay m u o i , d a u toe bac trSng, than h i n h o n g l a i d o v a n d ? p n h u m p t pho
hiem nhat " b o p chat lay ha b p " d a u dieng n h u n g v j thuyen t r u o n g v a n " h a i
t u p n g tac bSng d a cam th^eh. N u o e da anh len chat sung chat m u n . Canh tay
chan van k?p lay euohg l a i " d u mat meo b^ch v i dau d o n n h u n g tieng chi h u y
ran chae tre trang " T a y o n g leu ngheu n h u cai sao, chan o n g liie nao cung
ciia ong v a n sac lanh, t i n h tao, d u a con thuyen thoat k h o i n g u y h i e m .
k h u y n h k h u y n h n h u k?p lay m p t cuong lai t u o n g t u p n g " . Cap m a t tinh anh,
That la m p t canh t u p n g xua nay chua t i m g c6! Cao c u o n g biet bao !
nhan luc n h i n xa v o i v p i . Tren nguc ciia ong noi len m p t s6'"cu n a u " t h u o n g tich
T r i i n g vay t h i i hai lai v 6 cung h i e m tro, bo' t r i n h i e u cua t u hem: " D o n g thac
tren "chien t r u o n g Song D a " ma N g u y e n Tuan n g u o n g m p g p i la " t h u Huan
h i i m beo dang h o n g hpc te m a n h tren song da". O n g l a i d o b a t d a u cype t a n
chuong lap d p n g sieu hang". O n g lai d o spng D a nay c6 "tay lai ra hpa" da tung
cong bang each " n a m chat dupe cai b a m song d i i n g l u o n g r o i " o n g cho eon
v u p t qua bao t r u n g vay thach tran, giao phong sinh t u v o i " l u d a n o i ai nuoc".
thuyen " p h o n g n h a n h vao cua sinh m a lai miet m p t d u o n g cheo ve phia cua da
Sau h o n m u a i nam cheo d o va chi h u y m p t cpn thuyen c6 6 mai cheo da ngupc
ay". Bpn t u o n g da, d u a t h i "png tranh ma rap b o i chep len", d i i a t h i b j "6ng de
xuoi song D a t r a m chuyen, cho d a trau, x u o n g ho, che, canh kien ve xuoi, ong
sa'n len ma chat d o i ra de m o d u o n g tien". Cuo'i cung o n g thang eon b p n da
n a m v i i n g t i m g con thac, cai ghenh, n a m chae b i n h phap than Song, than Da.
tuong that bai t h a m hai d u a cai m a t " t i u n g h i u , xanh le that v p n g " .
b. Khong chi mang ve d?p ngoai hinh gin voi lao dpng song nuoc, 6 ong
con in dam ve d?p tarn hon tinh each:
Thu nhat, the hien a s u t u n g trai, giau k i n h n g h i f m , c6 s u hieu biet sau sac
ve l u o n g lach tren song D a .
O n g l a i d o the hi^n s u h i n h thanh " t i n h each" cua m i n h q u a " t r i n h o ong
T r i i n g v a y t h i i ba, b e n phai b e n trai d e u la " l u p n g chet ca". D a vay, eon bo'
tri "bpn d a h a u v $ " canh eira h o n g "bat chet" cai t h u y e n . O n g l a i d o m u u t r i
"phong thang con thuyen", "ehpc t h i i n g " t r i i n g v a y roi " v i i t q u a cong da canh
mo canh khep". Chiee t h u y e n n h u m p t m i i i ten tre " v i i t , v i i t " x u y e n nhanh qua
hoi nuoc. The la het thac. Song nuoe lai thanh b i n h .
dupe ren l u y ^ n cao d p bang each lay m a t ma n h o t i m i n h u d o n g danh vao
Qua d o , ta tha'y o n g l a i d o oai p h o n g l a m l i ^ t n h u m p t v i d a n h t u o n g , t r i
l o n g tat ca n h u n g l u o n g n u o c ciia tat ca n h u n g con thac h i e m t r a . Song Da, doi
dung song toan, quye't doan va quye't thang. D o la ve d^p tai hoa n g h | si ciia
v o i o n g lai d o ay, n h u m p t t r u o n g thien anh h i i n g ca m a o n g d a thupc den ca
ong lai d o dupe N g u y e n Tuan k h a m pha va ca n g p i . N h i i n g an d u , so sanh,
n h i r n g cai cham than cham cau v a n h i i n g dpan x u o n g d o n g " . " C h i n h v i vay
nhan hoa d u p e tae gia s u d u n g sang tao g p i l e n c a m giac m a n h l i ^ t d a y a h
" o n g l a i da n a m ch3c d u p e b i n h phap cua than song, than da. O n g da thupc
^J
^ d. V e d?p song H u o n g dvigc k h a m pha d u o i goc d p v a n hoa: Tac gia gan
t4i^^ ^"•o'"g v o i a m nhae c6 dien H u e : "Song H u o n g da t r o thanh m p t n g u o i
'^U' danh dan liie d e m k h u y a . . . Q u a d u n g v^y, toan b p nen am rh^e c6 d i e n
Cty TNHH MTVDWH
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H u e da d u p e h i n h t h a n h tren m a t n u o c cua d o n g song n a y " . Tac gia lien tuong
gai dpc K i e u " T r o n g n h u tieng hac bay qua/ D y e n h u tieng suo'i m o i sa nug
v o i " . N g u o i n g h ^ n h a n ay da n h o m day, v 6 d i i i chi vao trang sach m a n o i
la T u D g i C a n h " . C u n g t u d o n g o i b u t tai hoa cpng v o i s y r u n g cam m a n h me
H o a n g P h u NgQC T u o n g da n h o t o i N g u y e n D u " N g u y e n D u da bao n a m lenh
denh tren q u a n g song nay v o i m p t phien trang sau.Va t u d o , n h u n g ban dan
da d i suot d o i K i e u " . D a y la each lien t u o n g dpc dao, tai hoa m a n g den cho
n g u o i dpc m p t s u b o i h o i , xao x u y e n .
e. V e d?p song H u o n g gan lien voi nhung s\f k i ^ n lich s u : N h u n g chang
phai bao gid song H u o n g ciang la n g u o i con gai d a m t h a m , d i u dang, m e m maj
n
VgCHdNGAPHU
toi vi#c C O n g u o i n g h ^ n h a n gia gan t h e k y choi dan, m p t d e m k h u y a nghe con
^
Khang Vi$t
To Hoai
*
LdlBINH
Cf "Va chong A Phu nha van" da dung cong va thanh cong trong mieu ta, trong
dung canh. Noi each khdc, ong da thucmg dung len cho ban doc thay dugc dien bien
tam li cung doi song noi tam cua nhan vat qua hang loat chi tiei ben ngoai nhu mot
dang ngoi, mot each an mac, mot vai cau noi, mot cdi nhin, mot buoc di.. den mot tang
da hay mot 6 cua so'... khi mieu ta nhu the, do da dugc nhap vao voi so phan cua nhan
vat, thuoc dugc hodn canh song day bien dong va doi thay cua nhan vat, nha van da
t r o n g l o n g Hue^ da c6 m p t t h o i song H u o n g m a n g ten la L i n h Giang, d o n g song
dinh ra dugc mot each tu nhien mot mqch lai ke ehuyen vita phii hgp vai tam ly rieng
vien chau da chien d a u oanh l i f t bao v f bien gioi phia N a m eiia To quo'c (Ten
cua ho, vita mang su gay gon cua ngon ngif van xuoi hien dai.
cua d o n g song H u o n g dupe g h i trong " D u dia c h i " eiia N g u y e n Trai la Linh
Va chong A Phu la truyen ngan hay vie\ su dai dai ki dieu. Nhu nhieii truyen
giang). D o n g song ay la d i e m tua, bao v$ bien euong t h o i k i D a i V i f t . The ki
ngan c6 ehung tu tuong chu dendy. Vg chong A Phu cUng c6 cau triic chia doi rai ro:
XVin, no ve v a n g soi bong k i n h thanh Phii Xuan, gan lien v o i ten t u o i cua nguoi
anh h i i n g N g u y e n H u f . N o d p n g lai den b a m da, t i m m a u " n o song het lich sir
b i trang eiia the k i XIX". N o d i vao t h o i d a i cua Cach m a n g thang T a m bang
n h u n g chien eong r u n g ehuyen. N o ehung kien eupe n o i day tong tien cong tet
M a u Than 1968. Song H u o n g da gan lien v o i lich su eiia Hue^ Ijch s i i d a n tpc.
f. B a i k y ket thiic bang mgt ly giai mang huyen thoai d^p: C o m p t huyen
thoai v p n g ve t u l a n g T h a n h T r u n g , m p t n g o i lang t r o n g r a u t h o r n 6 H u e : Vi
yeu q u y con song x i n h d^p, n g u o i d a n hai ben b o song H u o n g da n a u nuoc
ciia t r a m loai hoa d o x u o h g d o n g song cho Ian n u o c x a n h t h a m ay m a i mai
t h o m tho. Phai chang d o la each l y giai ten ciia H u o n g Giang - con song gan
lien v o i H u e , gan lien v o i t i n h yeu ciia H o a n g Phii Ngpc T u o n g ?
3 . N 6 t d a c s&c c u a v a n p h o n g H o a n g P h u N g o c T u o n g : N g o n ngif
t r o n g sang, p h o n g p h i i , u y e n ehuyen, giau h i n h anh, giau chat t h o , s u dung
n h i e u phep t u t u n h u : So sanh, n h a n hoa, an dy,...C6 s y ket h p p h a i hoa cam
xiie, t r i t u f , ehii q u a n va khach quan. B u t k y Sue l i e n t u o n g k i d i f u , s u hieu
biet p h o n g p h i i ve k i e n thiic dia l y , Ijch s i i , v a n hoa nghe thuat va n h u n g tra'
n g h i f m ciia ban than.
III. K E T B A I
Trieh d o a n b a i k i " A i da dat ten cho d o n g s o n g " da g p i ra ve d ? p ciia Hu^'
ciia t a m h o n n g u o i H u e qua s y quan sat sac sao ciia H o a n g Phii Ngpc Tuong
ve d o n g song H u o n g . H o a n g Phii N g p c T u o n g x u n g d a n g la m p t t h i si
thien nhien, m p t cuon t u d i e n song ve Hue, m p t cay b i i t giau l o n g y e u nuoc
t i n h than d a n tpc. Bai k i gop phan b o i d u o n g t i n h y e u , n i e m t y hao d o i v^'
d o n g song va c u n g la v o i que h u o n g da't nuoc.
II Nhieng ngdy a Hong Ngdi: Mj va A Phu Id nguoi - nguoi xinh tuoi, khoe
manh, gioi giang - md phai song kiep no le trdu ngua kho'n khoe che.
II Nhimg ngdy a Phieng Sa: Mj vd A Phii Id nguoi song tu do va da biei bao ve lay
tu do ay. Tuy nhien cdi hay eiia truyen Id a cho: nhd van da chi trong chimg 400 chiJe,
md dung lai dugc mot chang then chot ciia todn bo su ehuyen hoa ay, khieh cho ban doc
dau kho tinh eUng phai nhan rang: Viec Mi vd A Phu tit dem den no le ra viing anh
sang tu do Id hodn todn hgp ly, hgp le tu nhien... Nhu vay Id chinh long thucmg nguoi
vd thuang than da chien thang noi sg hai, da quyel dinh hdnh dong tu giai thodt.
(Nguyen Quoc Ludn)
Lai n h a v a n viet T r u y f n T a y Bic: Nam 1952, toi theo bo dpi chit luc, tien quan
vdo mien Tay, tham du chien dich giai phong Tay Bdc... Cdi kH qua Ian nhat vd tru&c
nhat eiia ehuyen di tam thang ay Id dat nuoc vd con nguoi mien Tay da de thuang de
nha cho toi nhieu, khong bao gia quen.
y bao qudt trong khi toi viet Truyen Tay Bac Id: Nong dan cdc dan toe o Tay Bac
^"0 nam gian kho chong dequoc vd bon chua dd't. Cuoc dau tranh giai cap, rieng a Tay
^flc, mang mot sac thai dac biet. Nhin luat qua, noi the luc phong kien con duong keo
'w' ddl nuoc lai hang tram nam truac, ehung ta de tuong nhuTig canh nhimg nguoi a
cit mudn thud lang le. Khong, b noi ritng nui mo mdng ay, cdc dan toe da khong
le chiu dung. Hg da thitc tinh. Can bo cua Dang tai dau thi cdc dan tgc ditng len
day, trude nhat Id nhitng nguoi tre tudt. Hg that dep vd yeu dai.
^Qt van dekhde, do Id nhitng y tho trong van xuoi 6 moi nhan vat vd triim len tai cd
'"'en Tay, toi da dua vdo mot khong khi voi vgi, Idm eho dai nuoc vd con nguoi bay
^°»8 hon len. (To Hoai)
,
https://sachcuabanblog.wordpress.com
i)e / . P h a n tich dien bien tarn trang nhan v|t Mi trong dem tinh mua
xuan a Hong Ngai de thay dug^c sue song tiem tang manh me cua mpt than
•phan no Ig duyc thuc tinh. (V chong A Phu - To Hoai)
H I / O N G D A N CHI TIET
I. M 6 B A I
To Hoai la mot trong nhiing nha van Ion cua nen van hpc Vi^t Nam hien
d?i. 6 n g CO von hieu biet sau s5c ve phong tuc tap quan cua nhieu vung mieVi
khac nhau tren dat nude. Thanh cong nhat ciia To Hoai la nhiing tac pham viet
ve hi^n thuc
CUQC
song, con nguoi vung Tay Bac. Tieu bieu la truyfn ngan "Vo
chong A Phu". Tac pham vua la mpt buc tranh chan thuc ve so phan bi tham
ciia nguoi dan ngheo mien niii dudi ach ap buc phong kien va thuc dan, vua la
mpt bai ca ve sue song va khat vpng t u do, hanh phiic ciia con nguoi. Dieu do
dupe the hi^n ro net nha't qua dien bien tam trang ciia M i trong dem tinh miia
xuan a Hong Ngai.
j ^ 6 n g chi vay. M i con bi ap che ve mat tinh than: Nha thong ly da dung bong
than quyen de ap che M i . H i i tyc ciing trinh ma da lam M i bi te li^t ve tinh
t}ian, ca ve y thuc phan khang. M i yen tam ve than phan "No da bat minh ve
trinh
nha no roi thi chi dpi ngay ru xuong 6 day thoi". V i the "Moi ngay M j
cang l * ^ " ^
^
t
t
o
r
v
g
x6 cua". M} chai san. M i song
trong v6 cam, tam hon lanh leo, bang gia. M i dang chet.
\y, Du cupe song thong kho nhung trong Mi van an chua mpt sue song
tj^m tang va khat vpng tu do, hanh phuc. Sue song tiem tang ay eiia Mi bit
4au tr°^
xuan. Miia xuan nam ay a Hong Ngai that d^p
gpi cam biet bao: "Hong Ngai nam ay an tet giira Iiie eo gianh vang ung, gio
va ret rat du dpi... Trong eac lang Meo do, nhiing chiec vay hoa da dem ra phoi
tren mom da xoe nhu eon buom, sac so... tieng tre con no diia...". Do ehinh la
nipt miia xuan rpn ra am thanh va mau sac dupe cam nhan qua tam hon ciia Mi.
£)6 ehinh la dau hieu eho su bung tinh ciia M i trong dem tinh miia xuan.
Dem tinh mua xuan da toi, sue song tiem tang eiia Mi da troi day manh
II. T H A N BAI
li^t. Bang gipng van tran thuat va ngh^ thuat mieu ta tam trang nhan vat. To
1. K h a i quat: Truyen "Vp chong A Phii" dupe nha van To Hoai dupe in
Hoai da mang den eho nguoi dpe nhirng trang viet day xiie dpng.
trong tap "Truy?n Tay Bac". Tac pham gom hai phan: phan dau trieh hoc
Dau tien, sue song ay dupe hoi sinh khi M i nghe thay tieng sao: "Ngoai dau
trong sach giao khoa la phan noi ve cupe song day tiii nhue ciia M i va A Phii 6
niii lap 16 da eo tieng ai thoi sao rii ban di ehoi...". Tieng sao tha thie't da danh
nha thong ly Pa Tra, ket thiic bang vif e M i cat diit day troi euu A Phii tron
thuc CO M i ngay xua. Tieng sao nhu cham vao trai tim eiia M i , trai t i m M i ciing
khoi Hong Ngai. Phan sau la cupe song moi ciia M i va A Phii 6 Phieng Sa. Hp
rung dpng theo tieng sao: " M i nghe tieng sao vpng lai thiet tha boi hoi". Tieng
di theo Cach mang giai phong que huong.
sao hoi thiic M i , tieng sao nhu con gi6 thoi bung d i lop tro tan nguoi lanh dang
2. Ndi d u n g c a n p h a n tich, l a m ro:
phu lay tam hon M i . Tieng sao nhap vao hon M j lam dong hi^n qua k h i i tuoi
a. Truac khi bi bit ve lam dau nha thong ly Pa Tra, M i la mpt c6 gai tre
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