Tài liệu Bài giảng organic chemistry chapter10

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Dr Nam T. S. Phan Faculty of Chemical Engineering HCMC University of Technology Office: room 211, B2 Building Phone: 38647256 ext. 5681 Email: [email protected] 1 Chapter 10: ALCOHOLS-PHENOLS 2 NOMENCLATURE OF ALCOHOLS Common names: alkyl + alcohol IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + ol 3 4 5 PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS Alcohols from alkenes Markovnikov’s rule H2SO4, H3PO4… 6 Anti-Markovnikov 7 Alcohols from alkyl halides Carbocation rearrangements may occur 8 Alcohols from aldehydes & ketones Aldehydes & ketones can also be reduced using LiAlH4, H2/Pt, Pd, Ni, Ru … 9 Alcohols from carboxylic acids & derivatives Can NOT use NaBH4, H2/Pt, Pd, Ni, Ru… for acids 10 Alcohols from Grignard reagents 11 REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS Reactions of proton in -OH Can NOT react with NaOH 12 Dehydration reactions 13 isomerization 14 Primary alcohol Internal alkene 1-alkenes can NOT be prepared using the dehydration reaction 15 Conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides Only in acidic conditions 16 isomerization 17 PCl3, SOCl2 … can also be used NO carbocation formation, NO rearrangement 18 Can NOT work for tertiary alcohols due to steric hindrance Conversion of alcohols to ethers Only for symmetric ether Only effective for primary alcohols 19 Reaction mechanism: 20