Đăng ký Đăng nhập
Trang chủ Assesment of domestic waste management and treatment in nuoc hai town hoa an d...

Tài liệu Assesment of domestic waste management and treatment in nuoc hai town hoa an districs cao bang province

.PDF
79
421
135

Mô tả:

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY DAM THI HOA TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT IN NUOC HAI TOWN - HOA AN DISTRICT CAO BANG PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : 2010 - 2015 Thai Nguyen, 23/01/2015 i Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name DAM THI HOA Student ID DTN1053040049 Thesis Title Assessment of domestic waste management and treatment in Nuoc Hai town, Hoa An district, Cao Bang province. Supervisor (s) Dr. Tran Van Dien Abstract Nowadays, domestic waste is an urgent problem that we are facing. There are many reasons of domestic waste but the main cause is due to the production activities and human consciousness. Especially, in daily life, the huge amount of domestic waste that people discharge which is not treated promptly will cause adverse effects. Residential, hospitals, schools, markets… are considered as main sources of domestic waste, particularly the area town where the need of daily garbage consumption of people is very large. The large demand for using garbage means that high amount of solid waste will be discharge. Untreated or not thoroughly treated garbage which is released from landfill has a bad smell for the people living nearby the landfill. Likewise, domestic waste can have negative impacts such as: affect the water environment, soil, air and urban landscape in the town, affecting the health of people and the surrounding environment. Besides the management of domestic waste is still loose, the environment awareness of people is not high, the status of litter occurs still frequently. The town is populated place, therefore the amount of garbage of people's daily to discharge environment is increasing. Garbage treatment method mainly uses simple methods such as bury and burning. In addition, methods of biological composting manure also used quite common in our country. Key words: Domestic waste, solid waste, domestic waste management, treatment, collected, transported. Number of pages: 71 Date of submission: 23/01/ 2015 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the process of implementing the research topics: "Assessment of domestic waste management and treatment in Nuoc Hai town -Hoa An district, Cao Bang province-" I got the guide and help, encouragement of the teachers and the students. I would like to express sincere gratitude to: First and foremost, I wish to express sincere thanks to the Director Board of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, board of managers of International Training and Development Center and all the teachers have dedicated teaching, the scientific knowledge and the valuable experience for me during the training period, learning in school. In particular, I take this opportunity to express profound gratitude and deep regards to the supervisor Dr. Tran Van Dien who guided wholeheartedly, to advise, imparted knowledge and valuable experience to help me during the study and completed thesis. Furthermore, I sincerely thanks to her uncle, elder brother and elder sister officers in Division of Natural Resources and Environment - Hoa An district during the implementing the research topic at the agency and to thanks to the officers of the People's Committee of Nuoc Hai town and the whole households have helped me during the investigation, interviewing, collecting data on Nuoc Hai area towns. Finally, I would like to express our gratitude to the family, relatives and friends who have helped me during the internship. Due to the short time, limited professional qualification and less experience the report may have inevitable mistakes. I very much look forward to the valuable inputs and recommendation of teachers and friends to my thesis more perfectly. Thank you very much! Thai Nguyen, 23/01/ 2015 Student Dam Thi Hoa iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................1 LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...........................................................................3 PART I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................4 1.1 Rresearch rationale ....................................................................................4 1.2. Research’s objectives...............................................................................5 1.2.1. The general objective.............................................................................5 1.2.2. The specific objective ............................................................................5 1.3. Research questions and hypotheses...........................................................6 1.4. Significance..............................................................................................6 1.5. Limitations ...............................................................................................6 PART II. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................7 2.1. Scientific basis of topics ...........................................................................7 2.1.1. Concepts related to waste.......................................................................7 2.1.2. Generations sources and domestic waste classification. .........................8 2.1.2.1. Generations sources ............................................................................8 2.1.2.2. Classification of domestic waste .........................................................9 2.1.3. Effect of domestic waste on the environment and human.....................11 2.1.3.1. The effect of domestic waste on the environment..............................11 2.1.3.2. The effect of domestic waste on public health...................................12 2.1.3.3. Domestic waste reduces the urban landscape ....................................12 2.2. The legal basis ........................................................................................13 2.3. Factual basis of the topics .......................................................................14 2.3.1. Status of domestic waste in the world ..................................................14 iv 2.3.2. The management and treatment of garbage in the world ......................17 2.3.3. Status of domestic waste in Vietnam....................................................20 2.3.4. The situation of management and treatment in Vietnam.......................25 2.3.4.1. Some of the methods and the garbage treatment technology in Vietnam ....26 2.3.4.2. Waste management situation in some provinces in the country .........28 2.3.5. Status of domestic waste in Hoa An District - Cao Bang Province .......31 PART III. METHODS ...................................................................................35 3.1. Material ..................................................................................................35 3.2. Methods..................................................................................................36 3.2.1. Study secondary data ...........................................................................36 3.2.2. Collecting primary data .......................................................................36 3.2.3. Determining the volume and composition of waste..............................37 3.2.4. Data analysis and processing ...............................................................37 3.2.5. Experts consultation.............................................................................38 PART IV. RESULTS......................................................................................39 4.1. Natural and socio-economic conditions in Nuoc Hai town- Hoa An disttict - Cao Bang province......................................................................................39 4.1.1. Natural conditions................................................................................39 4.1.2. The socio-economic characteristics of the Nuoc Hai town. ..................43 4.1.2.1. Population and population distribution..............................................43 4.1.2.2. Economic conditions.........................................................................43 4.1.2.3. Infrastructure ....................................................................................43 4.1.2.4. Security order problems ....................................................................45 4.1.2.5. The collection system and waste disposal .........................................45 4.2. Assessment the status of domestic waste collection in Nuoc Hai town....45 v 4.2.1. Source of domestic waste generated in Nuoc Hai town. .......................45 4.2.2. The amount of waste generated and the components of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town. .............................................................................................47 4.2.2.1. The amount of waste generated.........................................................47 4.2.2.2. The components of waste in town .....................................................49 4.2.2.3. Status of the management, collection and transportation of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town.................................................................................50 4.3. Assessment of domestic waste management issues and treatment in Nuoc Hai town...............................................................................................................55 4.3.1. The management .................................................................................55 4.3.2. The process of landfill and treatment. ..................................................57 4.3.3. Assessment of community awareness about the management of domestic waste..............................................................................................................60 4.4. Proposed solutions improve the efficiency of domestic waste management and treatment in Nuoc Hai town. ...................................................................61 4.4.1. Management solution...........................................................................62 4.4.2. Technical solutions ..............................................................................63 PART V: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ............................................66 5.1. Discussion ..............................................................................................66 5.2. Conclusion..............................................................................................68 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................70 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. Chart source of waste generated.......................................................... 9 Figure 2.2. Diagram of waste treatment technology of U.S -Canada ....................19 Figure 2.3. Technology of domestic waste disposal in China ...............................20 Figure 2.4. Diagram of technology of domestic waste processing, Plant of organic fertilizer Cau Dien - Hanoi ......................................................................31 Figure 2.5. Diagram of garbage collection system is being applied. .....................34 Finger 4.1. The components of garbage in the town .............................................50 Figure 4.2. Diagram organizations structure of urban environment branch Hoa An district............................................................................................................51 Figure 4.3. The process of collection and transportation of garbage in Nuoc Hai town. ...................................................................................................................53 Figure 4.4. Landfill in Nuoc Hai town ................................................................59 Figure 4.5. Some illustrations of dust-hole.........................................................65 1 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. The definition components of domestic solid waste (DSW). ..............10 Table 2.2. The amount of solid waste generated in some countries ......................15 Table 2.3. The amount of solid waste generated in urban areas in Vietnam..........23 Table 2.4. The situation of solid waste generated in our country (by geographic region) .................................................................................................................24 Table 2.5. The situation of waste collection in Nuoc Hai district in the recent years (tons/year) ..................................................................................................32 Table 4.1. Land use status in Nuoc Hai town. ......................................................41 Table 4.2. The volume of domestic waste generated from the sources .................46 Table 4.3. The volume of waste generated in Nuoc Hai town ..............................47 Table 4.4. The average volume of garbage generated from households................48 Table 4.5. The components of garbage in the town ..............................................49 Table 4.6. The human resources serve for the collection, managing and disposal of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town....................................................................51 Table 4.7. The level of fees environmental sanitation collected in Nuoc Hai area towns. ..................................................................................................................56 Table 4.8. Assessment of population community about management system of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town (%) .................................................................61 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Meaning DW Domestic waste DSW Domestic solid waste EM Effective Microorganism JICA The Japan International Cooperation Agency MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 3 PART I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Research rationale In recent years, the economic and social development of our country has made remarkable achievements, many lives have been improved. Our country is in the process of industrialization, development and modernization and has made great achievements in many fields. Along with the rapid progress of the country, the goal of conserving the environment always has been the one of the main interest of different Parties and the entire State. Environmental protection is both objective and one of the basic content for sustainable development concerns. However, the population and socio-economic growth rate are both growing, people must adopt and their lives should be improved as well in response to the changes, advancements and progress. On the other hand, the demands and or daily consumption of everybody are getting bigger; hence, the volume of domestic waste is increasing which indeed causes many serious problems concerning environment protection. In Vietnam, in recent years environmental pollution situation has become serious and most commonly lead to degradation of land, water, air, especially in the large places like urban areas. The amount of waste is increasing that greatly affect the environmental landscape - changes resulting to negative tendencies and direct impact on the lives of many people. Currently, environmental pollution is an urgent matter in almost every country around the world. Nowadays, there are many methods to deal with, to mitigate the consequences of this matter. In particular, the handling and garbage collection meet many difficulties regarding both means and methods. Domestic waste is currently one of the major problems of environmental pollution. Domestic waste management is one of the top issues in our community which contributes a lot to many challenges of today’s environment. Nowadays, the 4 issue of environmental protection and waste management activities are becoming more urgent, and this must be a concern of the entire society and community. However, if management is done sustainably and reasonable reuse of domestic waste will be a source of cheap raw materials; this will bring economic benefits to many individuals and contribute greatly to environmental protection and save the earth’s natural resources. Nuoc Hai town are the center political culture of Hoa An district, Nuoc Hai towns are sector which has shown strong economic growth. However, the current status of general waste and domestic waste in particular, have not been fully evaluated and audited, Provided that this leads to difficulty in collection and waste management, no appropriate measures on proper disposal which in return still protecting the environment at the same time. So in the assessment of the current status of the management and treatment of household waste is one of the vital problems of Nuoc Hai town. Therefore the research topic: “Assessment of Domestic Waste Management and Treatment in Nuoc Hai town - Hoa An district - Cao Bang province” was conducted in Nuoc Hai town under the guidance of Dr. Tran Van Dien - Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry. 1.2. Research’s objectives 1.2.1. General objective The general objectives of this project is to assess the current of domestic waste management and treatment in the Nuoc Hai town area, and then proposes a number of measures in accordance with the conditions of the town to mitigate environmental pollution caused by the domestic waste. 1.2.2. Specific objective + To evaluate of domestic waste management status and treatment in the Nuoc Hai town area. 5 + To assess the awareness of the communities and people about domestic waste management. + To propose some solutions to manage the domestic waste in a sustainable way. 1.3. Research questions and hypotheses 1. What is the current status of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town? 2. How to manage and treat domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town? 3. What are solutions to manage domestic waste in study area? 1.4. Significance + The meaning of learning and scientific research - Application of the knowledge gained from the school into reality. - Enhance practical skills. - Accumulation of work experience after graduation. - Advanced knowledge on research and find reference material to gain efficiency. + Practical implication -Assessing the amount of waste generated; collection situation, management and disposal of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town area. + Proposed management measures, domestic waste disposal in accordance with the actual conditions of the town. + Raising awareness of the local people on the issues of environmental protection. 1.5. Limitations The study cannot include all the management issues and treatment of domestic waste in Nuoc Hai town area. Because the short time study, the thesis was restricted by many factors in the survey and investigation process about the garbage in the study area. 6 PART II. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Scientific basis of topics 2.1.1. Concepts related to waste According to the Vietnam Environment Protection Act: the waste are material in solid, liquid and gas produced from production, business and service activities or other activities.(Law on Environmental protection, 2006). + Hazardous waste is waste that contains toxic elements, radioactive, flammable, explosive, infectious, cause harmful on the environment and human health. According to Article 3 of Decree 59/2007/ ND-CP dated April 09, 2007 of solid waste management: • Solid waste is material in solid which is discharged from the process of production, business, services activities or other activities. • Domestic waste is waste generated in living individuals, households and public places. • Solid waste collection is a set of activities, sorting, packing and temporary storage of solid waste at collection points to the location or facility is the state agency authorized approval. • Transportation of solid waste is the process of transporting solid waste from the generation places, collection, storage, and transfer to treatment places, recycling, reuse or final landfill. • Solid waste treatment is the process of using technology solutions and techniques to reduce, remove, and destroy harmful ingredients in solid waste; recovery, recycling and reuse of useful component in solid waste. 7 • Solid waste management including planning management activities, construction basic investment, classified operations, collection, storage, transportation, re-use, recycling and disposal solid waste to prevent and mitigate the adverse effects on the environment and human health. • Domestic waste management activities are classified activities, collection, transportation, recycling and treatment of waste. • Domestic waste is waste related to human activities, source formed primary from residential area, offices, schools, service centers, commercial places. Therefore, domestic waste should be classified and subject for reuse measures, recycled, properly disposed in order to protect the environment. • Domestic waste or domestic solid waste are part of the solid waste, is understood as the solid waste arising from activities of everyday living of the people. 2.1.2. Generation sources and domestic waste classification 2.1.2.1. Generation sources The amounts of domestic waste are increasing due to the impact of the increase in the population, economic development - social, the changing nature of consumption in urban and rural areas. So the domestic waste arising from various sources: + From the residential areas + From the commercial centers, offices, schools and public buildings. + From the industry activities, agriculture and construction activities. + From the hospitals, medical facilities, services, etc. 8 Private house, residential Market Agency , school Leisure center Hospital, medical facilities Garbage Traffic, construction Local government Industrial zone, factories Figure 2.1. Chart source of waste generated 2.1.2.2. Classification of domestic waste The classification of garbage is a quite complex because of the variety of types, components and their properties. However by the recognized practices of economic activity and its implications for the management of garbage can be divided into the following classifications: + Classification by origin arises: - Waste from households, also known as waste or domestic waste is generated from households. - Waste from production, business and commercial activities are the origin arises from the economic sectors such as industry, agriculture and services. + Classification by the level of hazardous: - Hazardous waste: waste is easy to cause reactions, explosive, corrosive, radioactive substance and containing heavy metals. The implicit of this waste is more likely to cause the issue of risk, intoxication could be harmful to human health and the development of flora and fauna, and simultaneous is a source of spread of cause environment pollution of soil, water and air. 9 - Non-hazardous waste: the waste does not contain the chemicals and compounds that have hazardous properties. Usually these substances arise in household, urban, etc. + The component of domestic waste Each different waste sources have different waste components such as: residential and commercial waste composition is characterized by food waste, paper, cardboard, plastic, fabric, rubber, yard waste, wood, aluminum, etc; Waste from services like street washing and street alley contain the dust, garbage, dead animals, etc. Food waste, such as milk cans, mixed plastics, etc. Table 2.1. The definition components of domestic solid waste (DSW) Components Definition 1. The inflammable substances Example a. Paper The material made from The paper bags, cover pulp and paper piece, toilet - paper b. Textiles The origin source from the Fabrics, wool, plastic, etc fibers c. Food The waste from food Vegetable stalks, fruit peel, stems, corn cobs. d. Grass, wood, The products and materials Tables, chairs, toys, etc. firewood, straw made from bamboo, wood, straw, etc. e. Plastic Materials and products made Roll film, plastic bags, from plastics bottles, vase, and electric wire. f. Leather and Materials and Products made Balls, shoes, wallet, rubber from leather and rubber rubber tape 2. The noninflammable substance a.The metallic iron b. The nonmetallic iron c. Glass d. Stone and ceramics 3. The mixed substance Materials and products made from iron that magnet attract Materials are not magnets attract Materials and products made from glass Any nonflammable material outside of metal and glass. All other materials not classified in this table. Electric wire, fence, knife packaging paper, utensils Bottles, glass containers, bulbs Bottles, screws, brick, stone, ceramic. Pebbles, land and sand 10 2.1.3. Effect of domestic waste on the environment and human 2.1.3.1. The effect of domestic waste on the environment a. Effect of solid waste on the land environment Domestic waste scattered everywhere not collected are retained in the soil some kind of waste is not biodegradable such as plastic bags, cans, ... lies in the ground affects the soil environment: changing the structure of the soil, the land becomes barren. + Due to the use of organic fertilizers in agriculture has not yet processed, pathogens parasite infections cause diseases from the soil to the plant and then to humans and animals. + Solid waste littered on the ground or buried in soil containing organic hardly decomposition alter the pH of the soil. + Hazardous waste arising from industrial activities, agriculture given soil environment will alter the particle component level, reducing permeability of water, reduce the amount of humus, do nutritional imbalance ... make to the soil being hard bottles are no longer capable of producing. Conclusion domestics waste that cause’s land pollution. b. Effect of domestic waste on the water environment The amount of waste scattered, stagnant again, while rain will follow the water flow and mixing in the water, through the sewer, into the lakes, the rivers, polluting surface water. When water environment is contaminated at risk affect aquatic organisms, due to oxygen content in water decreases, the ability to recognize the light of low water levels, leading to affect the photosynthetic capacity of aquatic plants. 11 In solid waste landfills contaminate groundwater in the area and the waters of ponds, rivers and streams in the vicinity. At the landfill, if not create the coating ensures rain water seeping through the can also pollute surface water sources. c. Effect of domestic waste on the air environment - Organic waste decomposes generated bad smell and harmful gases such as CH4, CO2, NH3, ... the cause of air pollution. - Gas escaping from the pit or recycle bins, waste landfill containing CH4, CO2, H2S, NH3, organic toxic gases, etc. - The dust generated in the process of collection, transportation and burying garbage contains bacteria, and toxins in garbage. 2.1.3.2. The effect of domestic waste on public health The effect of domestic waste to the human health through their effect on the environment component. Environmental pollution inevitable to human health through the food chains. At the landfill, if not applied in accordance with the technical regulations on landfills and disposal, landfill became to arisen flies place, mosquitoes is to spread disease germs. Not to mention the toxic waste at the landfill may cause dangerous diseases to the human body when exposed, threatens to the health of people. 2.1.3.3. Domestic waste reduces the urban landscape Domestic waste if not collected, transported to the processing site or collectors not off, shipping scattered along the road ... causing unsanitary environment and affect the beauty of street landscape, village. Another reason to reduce the urban landscape is because human awareness is not high. The status of people poured indiscriminately garbage out roadside, ditches are still very popular, especially in rural areas where the management and the collection has yet to be closely managed. 12 2.2. The legal basis In recent years, in our country the problem of urban waste management in general and domestic waste management activities in particular, has been the National Assembly, the Government of Vietnam and agency the specific functions by the legal text. A series of documents specify provisions about the powers, responsibilities and methods of management of urban domestic waste. Law on Environmental Protection Vietnam in 2005, enacted the effective date 29 November 2005 have stipulates July 1, 2006: "Organizations and individuals arising waste typically has responsibility for implementing sorting at the source in order to improve the effectiveness of waste management" "Solid wastes are classified into two main groups can be used for recycling, reuse + A strategy for the National Environmental Protection until 2010 and orientation to 2020 with the specific objective is rate the solid waste collection activities reached 90%, destroying and disposal of 60% hazardous waste and 100% of medical waste, governing body and implemented are the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE). + Decree No. 80/2006/ ND-CP dated August 9, 2006 of the Government shall detail and guide the implementation of several Law on Environmental Protection in 2005. + Decree No. 21/2008/ ND-CP dated February 28, 2008 of the Government modifying and supplementing a number of articles Decree 80/2006. + Decree No. 117/2009/ ND-CP dated December 31, 2009 of the Government on the handling of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection. + Decree No. 59/ ND-CP dated April 9, 2007 of the Government solid waste management. 13 + Circular No. 13/2007/ TT-BXD dated December 31, 2007 of the Ministry of Construction guiding a number of articles of Decree No.59/ 2007/ ND-CP on management of solid waste. + Decree No. 65/2006/ ND-CP of June 23, 2006 of the Government on the organization and operation of the Inspectorate of Natural Resources and Environment. + Decree No. 174/2007/ ND-CP dated November 29, 2007 of the Government on environmental protection charges for solid wastes. + Decision No. 23/2006/ Decision - MONRE dated December 25, 2006 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment issued the list of hazardous waste. + Decision No. 34/ QD-TTg dated February 22, 2005 by the Prime Minister on the promulgation of the plan of implementation of Resolution No. 41-NQ/ TW of the Politburo on environmental protection during the period of industrialization modernization country. 2.3. Factual basis of the topics 2.3.1. Status of domestic waste in the world The amount of domestic waste generated depends on many factors economic - social and living conditions, habits and perceptions of communities of different countries. According to Nguyen Thi Anh Hoa (2006), the higher urbanization level, the increasing amount of waste per capita, some specific examples are now following countries: Canada is 1.7 kg/ person/ day; Australia is 1.6 kg/ person/ day; Switzerland is 1.3 kg/ person/ day; China is 1.3 kg/ person/ day. With the increase of garbage, then the collecting, sorting and garbage disposal is something that all countries need to attention. Nowadays, in the world there are many ways to handle domestic waste such as biotechnology; technology uses heat, Seraphin technology. Urbanization and economic development is often associated with the consumption of resources and the rate of solid waste generation increases per capita. The population in the developed country incurred 14
- Xem thêm -

Tài liệu liên quan

Tài liệu vừa đăng

Tài liệu xem nhiều nhất